3D Tracking of Circumnutation in Basil and Bush Bean Using RealSense Camera Point Clouds
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Abstract
Circumnutation, the slow, oscillatory movement of growing plant organs is a well-documented phenomenon, particularly in climbing species (Darwin, 1880; Stolarz, 2009). In this study, we introduce a three-dimensional (3D) tracking method to quantify circumnutation in Ocimum basilicum (basil) and Phaseolus vulgaris (bush bean) using time-lapse point cloud data from an Intel RealSense D435i depth camera. Plants were imaged at regular intervals (5 min) under controlled conditions, and 3D point clouds were processed with spatial filtering and geometric tip-tracking algorithms to extract shoot apex trajectories over time. From these trajectories, we calculated circumnutation amplitude, period, and trajectory orientation, revealing distinct species-specific movement patterns. Our preliminary findings suggest that bush bean exhibits pronounced, continuous helical movements, while basil displays lower-amplitude and more irregular oscillatory motion, consistent with observations that circumnutation varies across taxa and growth forms (Kitazawa et al., 2005; Raja et al., 2020). By enabling non-invasive, high-resolution tracking of shoot tip motion in 3D space, this approach offers greater fidelity than traditional 2D imaging methods (Simonetti et al., 2021), providing insights into plant movement dynamics and underlying growth regulation. We also highlight future potential for automated trait extraction and multimodal sensing to investigate circumnutation responses to environmental stimuli (Song et al., 2023).