Sederoff, RonaldMeagher, Laura2017-05-172017-05-171994https://hdl.handle.net/1813/49799Intellectual property rights (IPR) in biotechnology have a negative effect on the progress of non-profit research. Patent policy and law intend to facilitate research progress, but the current practice has led to barriers, which restrict the free exchange of information, threaten the health of scientific enterprise, and increase the cost of.en-USAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 InternationalAgricultural biotechnologyintellectual property rightsIPRgene transfergenetic engineeringgenum mappingpatentsresearch exemptionstakeholder rights,book chapter