Buchlis, GeorgeKoetje, BethanyKwon, Sang YeonManos, JamieRand, Gabriel2004-07-132004-07-132004-07-13https://hdl.handle.net/1813/145Nocturnal frost and freeze damage can have a major impact on the survival and fruit production of young citrus trees. When temperatures fall below -4oC irreparable damage occurs. Because of this damage, many methods, including insulating sapling trunks and building soil banks have been used to help reduce the rate at which these trees lose heat in sub-zero conditions. This study focused on the effect a combined insulation-and-metal-stake method has on preventing frost and freeze damage of Washington Navel Orange saplings by looking at increase in trunk temperature using this system and comparing it to trunk temperatures in both an insulation only system and a bare tree system. It was found that the rod had little effect on trunk warmth but trunk insulation helped significantly ? the thicker and denser the insulation, the better.369609 bytesapplication/pdfen-USheat transfer, cooling, plantsreport