Sept. 10, 1948
Vol. 1, No * 5
FOR OUR INFORMATION 
F.O.I. appears bi-weekly from the Public
Relations Office, Room 6, for the information
of all faculty, staff, and students of the New
York State School of Industrial and Labor
Relations, Cornell University. A Report of the
Joint Legislative Committee on Industrial and
Labor Conditions states, "The most satisfactory
human relationships are the product not of legal
compulsion but rather, of voluntary determination
among human beings to cooperate with one another,"
In the same spirit, F.O.I. is dedicated to our
mutual understanding.
GRADUATES OF THE CLASS OF JUNE 12!8 Aig EMPLOYED
IN MANY AREAS OF INDUSTRIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS
Graduates of the class of June 1948 are now employed in many areas
of industrial and labor relations, Richard Hanley, Placement Secretary of
the Student Personnel Office, has revealed. Graduates are engaged in
industrial relations, in personnel administration, in sales, in-industrial
relations training work, in executive training work, in publicity, in
government and labor areas, and in studies for law and advanced degrees.
Jerome Ackerman is now a law student at Harvard.
Harry Boehmke is with the Time Study Department of General Electric
Company at Schenectady.
Walter Bredehoft is with the Personnel Training Program of Carter Oil
Company in Tulsa, Oklahoma,
Eugene Brousseau is in the Industrial Relations department of
Crucible Steel Co. in Pittsburg.
William Carroll is with the Division of Employee and Community Rela-
tions, Apparatus Department, General Electric, Schenectady.
Barbara Cole is engaged in secretarial work in Harrisburg, Pa,
Robert Colbert is with the Industrial Relations Training Program of
the Corning Glass Works, Corning, New York,
Anthony Crane is Assistant Manager of the Spencer Arms Hotel for the
Borchard Management Corporation.
Robert Davis is a salesman for Wearevor Aluminum Co, of Binghamton,
working in the New York area,
Calvin Depew is with the Management Training Program of General Elec-
tric Co. in Lynn, Mass,
Elliot Doft is with the Training Program of the Princeton Knitting
Mills, Watertown, Conn,
Mathew Doyle is Understudy to the Personnel Director of the Cunningham
Drug Co. of Detroit, Mich,
Both Myron Carr and James Dukes are engaged in hay and grain
merchandising in Ithaca and Now York City,
Howard Dwyer is Election Eraminer for the N.L.R.B. in the Buffalo
Ragionainffioe.
   
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George Fallon is Business Manager of the Philadelphia Joint Board
of the Amalgamatod Clothing Workers,
Arthur Flamm is a law student at Harvard.
George Fowler is Interviewer for the New York State Xpartment of
Labor, Division of Placement and Unemployment Insurance in New York City.
Robert Frawley is with the Industrial Relations Program of Continental
Can Company, Now York City.
Harvey Halberstadt plans to attend Graduate School at the University
of Chicago.
Eugene Hayman is a law student at the Univcrsity'of Colorado in
Boulder, Colo.
Evelyn Brion Hecht is a Research Associato for the Now York State
School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell.
'\Christophor Henderson is Special Assistant to the Head of Industrial
Relations Branch, Atomic Energy Commission, Los Alamos, New Mexico.
Charles Jones is with the Industrial Relations Division of Revere
Copper and Brass Co., Rome, N.Y.
Hclon Levy Kleinberg plans to attend Graduate School (Education) at
Cornell University.
Edmund Koli is with the Industrial Relations division of Macyts
Department Store in Ncw York City.
William Krantz is attending the Graduate School of the University of
California at Los Angeles.
Earle Lerner plans to attend Graduate School at Harvard.
Leonard Marsak is attending the Graduate School of Cornell University.
Richard Marshall is studying law at Yale University in Now Haven.
r- Harriet Morel is a law student at Cornell.
Richard Morris is with the Industrial Relations Training Program of
Remington Arms (DuPont) in Ilion, N.Y.
Henry Nichols is Employee Relations Supervisor of the Carbon Fuel Co.
in Charleston, West Virginia.
Thomas Nolan is with the Executive Training Program of the American
Sugar Refining Co., New York City.
Edward Peterson is with the Executive Training Program of Goodyear
Tire and Rubber Company in 2kron, Ohio.
Joel Rathbono is with the Industrial Relations Training Program of the
National Carbon Company in Niagara Falls, N.Y.
Harold Reynolds is doing newspaper work for the Wall Street Journal
in New York City.
Joseph Rudd is a Publicity Writer for the Republican Campaign in Albany.
Ernest Sapelli is Instructor in Management, University of Bridgeport,
Bridgeport, Conn.
Janet Laken Shaffner is with the Research Division of the Ohio C.I.O.
in Cleveland.
Helvi Solkee is with the Department of Research and Education, C.I.O.,
Washington, D.C.
Mildred Shelton plans a teaching career on the west coast.
James Smith is with the Industrial Relations Training Program of
Mesta Machine Co., Pittsburg, Pa.
Leo Smith is Assistant to the Industrial Relations Ilanager of the
Sanderson—Halcomb Plant of Crucible Steel Co. in Syracuse.
Charles Volk plans to attond law school in Now York City.
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HORACE SHELDON EXAMINES UNION-SECURITY PROVISIONS
OF THE TAFT HARTLEY ACT
Horace Sheldon has been working on his thesis throughout the
summer, carrying on research in Buffalo. His thesis subject is
"The Union Security Provisions of the Taft-Hartley Act". Specifically,
the thesis deals with those sections of the Taft-Hartley Law relating
to the closed shop and to the requirement of elections to authorize
a union shop.
Research has consisted of a sampling of the opinions and reactions
of a number of union and management leaders to determine what impact
the law has had upon labor-management relations in this particular
sphere.
"Both management and labor cooperated wonderfully with me in giving
their reactions to the law and in making available pertinent data they
had," Sheldon said.
PROFESSOR JEHRING CHEERED BY GROWING ENTHUSIASM FOR AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS
Professor J. James Jehring, head of the Audio-Visual Division of the
School, has found a growing enthusiasm for audio-visual methods.
In a recent interview he stated: "The vital interest in the audio-
visual materials available in the field of industrial and labor relations
demonstrated at the two Cornell conferences this summer point to the
growing importance both industries and universities are attaching to this
media of communication."
"For industry," Jehring continued, "audio-visual methods serve as a
means of imparting basic economic concepts to their employees as well as
a means of presenting them with some factual material on the economic
condition of the enterprise through films on the annual report."
"For the university professor of labor economics audio-visual materials
mean having available a media through which he can make some of the ab-
stract ideas in economics more meaningful to students."
"The reception given the programs of audio-visual materials at these
conferences," Jehring said, "demonstrates the increasing importance which
these groups are attaching to the audio-visual method of communication."
JOHN WINDMULLER EXPLORES "THE EXTENT SCOPE, AND CHARACTERISTICS
OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING IN THE ELMIRA AREA"
John Windmuller, graduate assistant, has been working in Elmira
three days per week throughout the summer, carrying on research as to the
extent, scope, and characteristics of collective bargaining in the Elmira
area. The research is being done in connection with his master's thesis.
He has contacted management representatives of 20 of the larger firms and
some 50 representatives of union locals in the area. He also contacted 66
smaller firms by letter questionnaire and has had 57% response to these
questionnaires.
PROFESSOR KONVITZ SPEAKS AT HILLEL FOUNDATION CONFERENCE
. Professor Milton Konvitz delivered the principal address at the annual
conference of Hillel Foundation Directors and Student Leaders on Labor Day
at Camp Highpoint near Kingston, N.Y.
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DEAN CATHERWOOD WILL SPEAK TOMORROW AT SUPERVISORS CONFERENCE,
AIDWILL PARTICIPATE IN FORUM OVER W.B.Z. SUNDAY
Dean M.P. Catherwood will speak tomorrow afternoon before the
Third Annual Supervisors Conference at the University of New Hamp-
shire in Durham. He will address the 1000 supervisors expected to
attend on the subject: "Laws Alone Cannot Improve Human Relations."
On Sunday at 12:30 over Westinghouse Station W.B.Z. he will par-
ticipate in a forum on the subject: "The Challenge of Human Relations in
The Business World Today."
TWO ARTICLES BY DRe KONVITZ APPEAR IN DISTINGUISHED ANTHOLOGY
"Art and Action", the tenth anniversary issue of "TWICE A YEAR",
a semi-annual book of literature, the arts and civil liberties, contains
two articles by Professor Milton R. Konvitz, of the New York State School
of Industrial and Labor Relations at Cornell University. As well as Dr.
Konvitz' articles, the issue features essays by Richard Wright and Stephen
Spender, a play by Jean Paul Sarte, an article by Andre Malraux, and
speeches of George C. Marshall and Field Marshall J.C. Smuts. Editor of
the volume is Mrs. Dorothy Norman.
In "Civil Liberties in the Supreme Court, 1946", Dr. Konvitz discusses
the civil rights cases which came before this country's highest tribunal
during 1946. Dr. Konvitz' second article, titled "The Legal Status of
Americans of Negro Descent Since World War I", was, prior to publication,
submitted to the United Nations Assembly by the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People as a memorandum on discrimination against
American Negroes in nerican jurisprudence.
PROFESSOR CAIIPBELL ATTENDS INSTITUTE OF NEW YORK STATE CITIZENS' COUNCIL
THIS WEEK IN CAZENOVIA
Professor Ralph Campbell, recently asked to servo on the Field Service
Committee of the New York State Citizens Council, is in Cazenovia this week
Tuesday through Saturday attending the Fourth Annual Institute of Community
Leadership sponsored by the Council. .The Council is concerned with the
development of communities and community leadership.
?AUL YAGER AND ERNEST BULOW STUDY LABOR-IviANAGEMENT. PROBLEMS
Paul Yager has been engaged this summer in studies in the field of
collective bargaining on welfare funds. His thesis will be titled
"Collective Bargaining on Welfare Funds." At the moment he is concen-
trating his research on the welfare and retirement fund of the United
Mine Workers.
Ernest Bulow has spent the summer exploring "Employer-Employee Rela-
tions at the Todd Company in Rochester", and is writing his thesis on
the subject.
HENRY MIMS DOES RESEARCH ;N SOUTH
Henry Mims, graduate assistant, has returned from Durham, North
Carolina, where he has been doing research on collective bargaining in the
textile industry this summer.
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PEOPLE ARE WONDERFUL
Professor Alpheus Smith, on vacation this past month, played tennis
and went to the fairs with Stretcher Smith, his son, cleared out the
jungle and cut down over 200 trees at "Bright Edges", his prospective new
home off the Parkway extension near Hanshaw Road. The corporation of
Smith and Son also caught bullheads in the Savage Pond which is part of
the property.
Vivian Nicander, Editorial Assistant, finished her A.M. in English this
sualer at Cornell. Her thesis, "Will Rogers Wrote" is a fascinating
analysis of the humor of the famous Oklahoma cowboy columnist. She will
leave September 17th for her home in the New York City area where she will
spend her vacation. sailing along Long Island. Sound. Her sailboat is a
slim, trim sloop titled "Puff".
Ethylene Lewis, Secretary to Dr. Konvitz, left yesterday for a five-
day spree in New York City with her husband Walter Lewis.
Madeline Grover, secretary to Dr. Emerson, wrote as follows to
Barbara Gardiner from Alexandria Bay, Thousand Islands, N.Y. Sept. 1st:
"I'm sure having a nice vacation. We had a very pretty trip
and cool and sunny weather. We're looking forward to the
boat ride tomorrow and I'm anxious to see Canada where we'll
stay tomorrow night. The next night we'll be in the Adiron-
dacks, then home. Be seeing you."
A recent addition to the graduate assistant staff is Herbert Hubben,
June graduate in Business Administration from Antioch. He is here to work
for an M.S. in Collective Bargaining. He has already had considerable ex-
perience in the field, having worked for the N.L.R.B. for five months in
Cleveland in 1943, and for 7 months in Baltimore as a Field Examiner in
1947. The interim between 1943 and '47 was devoted to duties as Personnel
Sgt. Major with the Third Army in Germany, France, Belgium, and Czeckoslo-
vakia.
Robert Risley is working toward an M.S. and aims to specialize in some
phase of social security. He came to the School in June from Union College.
At Union, he was winner of the Hecht-Stiengut Award in Political Science.
Dora Faucett, back from the west coast, was impressed by the Grand
Canyon, had a wonderful time with her uncle and aunt for 12 days in Whittier,
California, and found especially exciting the Mexican town of Tijuana, just
across the border from San Diego.
Professor Effcy Riley of the Extension Division spent her vacation
touring New England and Canada. She returned toILLRMonday.
Jesse Carpenter has returned from Washington and points south. Com-
pleting the first draft of his book, he went fishing off the coast of North
Carolina at Nags Head, a famous fishing center.
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DR.  GRAHAM C. TAYLii, FIRST INDUSTRIAL PSYCHIATRY FELLOW, JOINS STAFF
Dr. Graham Taylor of the Allan Memorial Institute of Psychiatry of
Montreal, first industrial psychiatry fellow at the School of Industrial
and Labor Relations, arrived in Ithaca this week, accompanied by Mrs.
Taylor and young daughter Caroline.
Dr. Taylor has been engaged doing post-graduate psychiatry at Allan
Memorial as a resident assistant since February, 1946. Six months of this
7 time he devoted to neurological rotation at the Montreal Neurological Insti-
tute. Prior to this, from September 1944 until February 1946, Dr. Taylor
served in the Royal Navy.
A native of Canada, Taylor graduated from McGill University in 1939 and
received his medical degree from McGill University Medical School in 1943.
MAN OF THE WEEK
(That you may better know other members of the faculty, staff and student
body, each issue we present a thumbnail biography.)
To plan and direct a conference requires a unique combination of drive
and diplomacy,/ To successfully serve as chairman of such a conference re-
quires even more diplomacy and inexhaustible drive. An able chairman, sharp-
minded, keen-witted, and fluent of speech, can transform a directionless
hot-air exercise into a vital, pointed discussion. Professor N. Arnold Tolles
Director of the recent Conference on the Teaching of Economics, is such a
chairman.
Professor Tolles started the practice of an annual conference on the
teaching of economics in 1945 as Director of the Teaching Institute of
Economics at the Imerican University in Washington D.C. Convinced that
teaching was the most important job a teacher should undertake, he sought
means of improving teaching standards in institutions of higher learning.
The three conferences which he has planned, projected, and captained have
been major contributions to that educational objective.
Professor Tolles has an M.A. from Harvard and an M. A. and Ph.D. from
the University of Chicago. From 1928 to 1 35 he taught at Mt. Holyoke, Smith,
then became Economist for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. He moved
forward steadily to Assitant Director of the Wage and Hour Division, to
Chief of the Working Conditions Branch, and in 1944 to the position of
Acting Commissioner of Labor Statistics.
In 1945, he joined the staff of American University, and last fall,
came here. The government's loss has been education's gain.
NEWS ITEMS  APPEAR IN MANY NEWSPAPERS
In the past two months news releases from the School sent out by the
Cornell News Bureau have appeared in the New York Times, the New York
Herald-Tribune, the Albany Knickerbocker News, the Rochester Times-Union,
the Utica Press, the Gloverville Leader-Republican, the Endicott Bulletin,
the Syracuse Post-Standard, Labor News, the Syracuse Herald-Journal, the
Buffalo Courier-Express, the Elmira Advertiser, and the Ithaca Journal.
News notes have also gone out to Business, Screen and Film world, over the
air waves of WHCU, and thanks to the efforts of Professor Earl Brooks, a
short article titled "American Universities Offer Human Relations Studies"
appeared in the August issue of the magazine "Your Human Relations". An
article on the School has also been placed in the Winter issue of "Social
Science."
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NEWS RELEASES
a
60 EDUCATIONAL LEADERS MEET
FOR LABOR ECONOMICS CONFERENCE
Aug. 26, 1918
Leaders in the field of teaching labor economics discussed details
of their work at their second annual conference at Cornell, opening
Wednesday, and continuing through Tuesday, Aug. 31.
More than 60 college teachers are attending.
Professor Maurice Neufeld of the School of Industrial and Labor
Relations at Cornell, stated that two concepts must enter into the teach-
ing of labor economics:l.Students must appreciate political and moral
aspects of economic and religious ideologies and 2. the administrative
aspects of all of these problems nee9l to be covered, for as society be-
comes more complex, administration also becomes more complex,
One of the main objectives in teaching labor economics in a liberal
arts college, according to Prof. Richard A. Lester of the Industrial
Relations Section of Princeton,is to overcome and break down the bias
of students. "We must give students an understanding of labor economics
as it affects public policy, " Lester stated.
Prof. Frederick Harbison, executive officer of the Industrial Rela-
tions Center at the University of Chicago, discussed the objectives of
teaching industrial relations to students. The first job, he said, was
to shake students out of stereotyped, traditional thinking. Herbison
said students must be made to understand the difference between major and
minor problems in the field.
Adult education and an outline of the extension program of the host
school were discussed by Prof. John N. Thurber. The present program at
the School of Industrial and Labor Relations consists of four types of
presentation: 1. lecture series, 2. school classes, 3. specialized pro-
jects and 4. conferences. "In our courses, we always try to find some
degree of agreement between management and labor, and we try to enlarge
those areas of mutual interest' Thurber said.
The Rev. Brother Justin of Manhattan College presented the Catholic
viewpoint in teaching of labor economics. "We follow the encyclicals of
the Pope", he told the group. He explained the college internship pro-
gram at Manhattan College where students at Manhattan work in the field
in summer as observer-participants for four points credit in the school.
Leaders discussed teaching devices Wednesday afternoon. Prof.
Charles A. Myers of MIT said that results of a poll at MIT indicated most
students felt role playing was valuable for them.
Prof. Jean McKelvey of the School of Industrial and Labor Relations
said role playing was valuable because it was a substitute for direct
experience which students quite often could not get otherwise. She said
case studies could easily be covered in lectures, but in role playing
students were participating and learning by doing.
METHODS OF TEACHING COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND HUMAN RELATIONS
ARE EXPLAINED AT LABOR ECONOMICS CONFERENCE
Lug. 27, 1948
Ways in which students may be made aware of the internal politics
and the left-right struggles in collective bargaining were discussed
at the second annual conference on the teaching of labor economics at
Cornell Thursday.
The 60 college teachers attending the Conference concluded that it
is possible to give students a realistic picture of collective bargaining
through the use of propaganda materials used by unions and companies,
through teaching how unions work, and through the use of literature.
The Rev. James McGinley of St. Louis University elaborated upon
another method of getting realism into studies in this field. Students
at St. Louis picked particular industries, went out into the field and
actually got a realistic description of jobs, job titles, what workers ,
did, and too]s used.
Prof. Philomena Marquardt of the School of Industrial and Labor Rela-
tions at Cornell said that students at Cornell gained a more realistic
understanding of the field through study of actual contracts collected
from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The school • has a microfilm collection
of collective bargaining agreements from 1940-45.
PROFESSORS LESTER AND THURBER DISCUSS
PRODUCTIVITY AT LABOR ECONOMICS CONFERENCE
Aug. 28, 1948
Prof. Richard A. Lester of Princeton told leaders attending a con-
ference on the teaching of labor economics Friday at Cornell that he was
impressed by the way good management could affect productivity.
Prof. Lester is one of the leading economists in the educational
field, and is the author of "Economics of Labor".
The conference, beginning Wednesday and concluding next Tuesday, is
sponsored by the New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations •
at Cornell in cooperation with the American Economic Association.
The speaker said that students normally feel that productivity is
the responsibility of the worker. "Differences in equipment and in man-
agement also affect the output", he said. "We have altogether too mechan-
istic a view of management. Management has all the flexibility of human
beings and the occasional failings of both management and labor are usu-
ally due to the failings of human beings."
The two unanswerable problems in economics today, according to Prof.
Lester, are these: 1. how should productivity gains be shared, and 2.
the effect of unions on productivity - whether they restrict or increase .
output.
Prof. John Thurber of the School of Industrial and Labor Relations
at Cornell, declared that the garment industry provides an excellent ex-
ample of union and management working as a team to increase production.
He praised the General Motors contract as an excellent example of in-
dustrial statesmanship. He thought that the 3-cent increase for yearly
increases in productivity was a pioneering move. The move represents an
effort by unions and management to share productivity gains.
Prof. Mortin Plotnik, Blackburn College, Carlinsville, Ind., discussed
teaching methods. He felt that the level of teaching in colleges was too
often below standards required in high schools. "Too often", he said,
"experts in research or in a particular field have made no study of how to
eet their material across. The discussion method is generally much more
effective than the lecture method because in discussion the entire class
participates". He thought it impossible to get across economic principles
without first giving students a thorough background in economic history.
PtOF'ZSORS HAWKINS AND McCODITELL SPEAK ON
SO DIAL SECURITY TRENDS AT CONFERENCE
Leaders attending the conference on teaching of labor economics
Cornell, Aug. 25-31, discussed social security Saturday afternoon.
The conference is sponsored by the New York State School of
Industrial and Labor Relations, in cooperation with the American
Economic Association. Prof. N. Arnold Tolles is conference chairman.
Prof. Everett Hawkins of ht. Holyoke College, said that two
trends in social security must be brought out in teaching: 1. A
trend toward the development of private plans to supplement social
security, and 2. A trend toward more extensive legislation in the
field of social security outside the U.S., legislation such as the
Yew Zealand Plan and the Beveridge Plan in Britain.
"Why social security came to the fore in 1935 is an interesting
study," Professor Hawkins said. "One reason, besides the depression,
was a 'crackpot' named Townsend," he declared. He felt that the
"crackpots" should be studied briefly, and said it was the "crackpot"
railway pension association which got the pension for railroad workers.
These groups stirred up interest, promoted controversy, and drove the
issue to the forefront of people's attention.
Prof. John JicConnell of the Cornell school, said one vital ques-
tion yet unanswered in social security was: "What are the implications
of social security_in a free enterprise economy?"
Maj. Stanley YcLay of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces
said the over-all objective of the Industrial College was to teach the
industrial logistics necessary in case of an emergency. Logistics he
defined as the process of supplying and maintaining the armed forces.
"The biggest problem today in industrial relations is the complete
bias with which most people of both labor aid management approach the
problem of industrial relations," hajor McLay said.
PROFESSORS KONVITZ AND SINNERS DISCUSS TEACHING OF LABOR LAW 
Aug. 31, 1948
Three basic objectives were listed by Prof. Clyde Summers of the
College of Law, University of Toledo, in teaching labor law.
They are: 1. to teach students the use of legal advices as an
approach to solving economic problems, 2. to teach students to examine
labor legislation critically so they could recognize defects and under-
mining sections, and 3. to teach students the analytical job of inter-
preting the language.
Professor Summers spoke at Monday's session of the conference on
teaching labor law at Cornell, held Aug. 25-31.
"Law is the bankruptcy court of industrial relations," he said.
He told the group that the legal adviser to Walter Reuther said the most
important thing in teaching labor law was to teach the student how to
read a contract.
Prof. Milton Konvitz of the School of Industrial and Labor Relations
at Cornell, discussed the eight law courses offered at the school. He
declared thd, the school did not attempt to turn out lawyers, although
many of the students went into law school.
Prof.(William F. Spafford of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, dis-
cussed their course in management engineering. "The good personnel mana-
ger is neither a scholar or a salesman, but an expert in human engineer-
ing," he said.
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Prof. Ralph Campbell of Cornell declared that there are two
primary elements in a personnel program, even more important than
security and other motivations. These are: 1. Personal develop-
ment of individuals through training, education and a system of
nromotion, and 2. Democratic participation by all individuals in a
corporation.
Prof. Everett Hawkins of Mt. Holyoke College affirmed Professor
Campbell's comments. "While trade unionism has been based on conflict,
certainly it is worthwhile always in our study of labor-management re-
lations to stress those areas in which there is mutual agreement,"
Hawkins said.
DR FAITH WILLIAMS CHIEF OF THE FOREIGN OFFICE,
EXPLAINS THE I.L,0
Sept. 1, 1948
More teaching should be done on the international aspects of
labor according to Dr. Faith Williams, chief of the Office of Foreign
Labor of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C.
Dr. Williams made the assertion at the final day's session on
Tuesday, of the conference on teaching if labor economics, at Cornell,
Aug. 25-31. The conference was sponsored by the School of Industrial
and Labor Relations, in cooperation with the American Economic Associa-
tion. Prof. N. Arnold Tolles of Cornell is chairman.
"The U.S. government," Dr. Williams continued, has been a member
of the International Labor Organization since the middle 30 1 s. It is
an organization of governments, paid for by the governments. The U.S.
government had ratified only 5 out of 70 resolutions adopted by the
ILO, as international labor standards. We have the world's highest
labor standards," she said, "and have taken tho rather deplorable atti-
tude that it is unnecessary for us to ratify any of the resolutions,
even though our ratification would greatly strengthen the ILO."
The Rev. Brother Justin of Manhattan College described a Manhattan
course on the European labor movement. "To understand the U.S. Labor
Movement, you've got to understand its roots," Brother Justin said.
"Our roots are in Europe and therefore we must have a knowledge of the
two dynamic forces which have brought Europe to its present state of
polarization - the Marxist forces and the Christian Democratic move-
ment. The clashes of the market place, if they arc to be resolved with
understanding, need to be met with intelligence and a thorough knowledge
of the history of labor."
PROF.  TOLLES FLAISES WORK OF DISCUSSION LEADERS IN
CLOSING THE LABOR ECONOMICS CONFERENCE
Sept. 1, 1948
"Student development is more important than the teaching of any
special set of facts," Professor N. Arnold Tolles declared in closing the
Second Annual Conference on the Teaching of Labor Economics. At the New
York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations at Cornell University,
Professor Tolles was the Chairman of the twelve sessions of this one-week
conference which ended this week.