r to m f* r i* r m e o ii ALTERATIVE PUBLIC POLICIES ■ Editor: Barbara Bick . ■■' ■■■■' ■ ¥:pSj|> IN THIS IS S U E .. From The Denver Conference "Carter Energy Plan Poses Trojan Horse Threat' {p. 3} by Barry Commoner "Scorecard For Progressive Coalition Building'' (p. 12) by Tom Hayden and by Ron Asta Tax Politics Caro! Bellamv Wins New York Council President Race. See Story p. 6 "United Kingdom Treaty Hits State Tax R ig h ts"— states To Lose To Multinationals fp. 3) by Diane Fuchs "Catching Corporate Tax A vi ders" — Multistate Tax Commission Growing Success (p. 4) by lonathan Rowe "W a lk in g and Retired People Hardest Hit by Property Taxes" (p. 5) by Dave Yetman Alternative Politics and Programs (M i"P ro gre ssive s Go Local” — Traditional Conservative Power Base New Political Arena by Lee Webb "N e w Public Advocate Department" (p. 15) by Peter A . Buchsbaum "Throw aw ay Deposit O rdinance-Successful Case Study" (p. 15) by Patrick Lacefield Notes to Note Municipal Utility Sale Blocked  petition campaign to "Save Muny Eight" led by Dennis Kucinish, chief clerk of the Cleveland Municipal Court, has forced the City Council to hold a public referendum on its plan to sell the city-owned utility to the Cleveland electric Illuminat­ ing Co. Kucinish has warned that CEI will impose a big rate increase if it takes over the municipal utility. No Alternative To Full Employment A national conference in Washington, D .C., November 11-13, will kick off a cam­ paign to press President Car­ ter and the Democratic Con­ gressional majority to live up to their party's 1976 platform promises, especially full em­ ployment and tax reform. THE DEMOCRATIC AGENDA conference will bring together union mem­ bers, community organizers, elected officials and active feminists, socialists and lib­ eral Democrats. Workshops at the conference will focus on democratic economic plan­ ning, regional development, national and local tax reform, urban problems, full employ­ ment, U .S. inflation and pro­ posals for curbing corporate power and redistributing wealth. Conference speakers will include Sen. George Mc­ Govern, Machinists Union President William Winpisinger, and socialist author Michael Harrington as well as Massachusetts State Rep Bar­ ney Frank. Other sponsors of the Democratic Agenda con­ ference include: Gloria Stein­ ern, U.S. Reps. John Conyers and Ronald Dellums, Heather Booth, Derek Shearer, union presidents Douglas Fraser (UAW), Jerry Wurf i'ASCME; and Murray Finley (Clothing & Textile Workers), and Paul Soglin, Mavor of Madison WI. For more information write: THE DEMOCRATIC AGENDA, Room 617, 853 Broadway, New York, 10003, 1212-260-3270) Public Lands Study Legislative and rax policies that would redistribute the vast corporate and railroad land holdings to small fann­ ers is highlighted in "Promised Land; A Contem­ porary Critique of Distribu­ tion of Public Land by the United States", written by Shelden L. Green. The article is in the Ecology Law Quar­ terly, Vol. 15. 1976, pub­ lished by the School of Law U. C. at Berkeley Senior Food Stamp Program Food stamp recipients in the Salem, OR. area who arcover the age of 60 will be able to use their stamps tc pay for meals in restaurants starting in September. Oregon is the second state in the national to institute a dining out program for elderly food stamp recipients. Hawaii pioneered the idea in 1975. "Save Our Cities" Campaign Local officials struggling with tight budgets and the need for increased spending on social services, have become painfully aware they cannot expect the necessary federal help so long as .the nation spends $110 to $120 billion a year (and $170.4 billion by FY 1982) on its military machine. A new coalition has been formed, Mobilization for Sur­ vival, to apply public pres­ sures that will both reverse the arms race and transfer at least $15 or $20 billion a year to meet human needs at the grass roots. The coalition in­ cludes such traditional peace and social justice organiza­ tions as American Friends Service Committee, Fellowship of Reconciliation, War Resisters League, Clergy & Laity Concerned, Another Mother for Peace, Women's International League for Peace & Freedom, Women's Strike for Peace SANE, Critical Mass, as well as such individuals as Rep. Ron Del­ lums, Rep. John Conyers Nobel Laureates George Weld and Salvatore Luria, Danie? Ellsberg, Barry Commoner. Sidney Lens, David Dellinger. Norma Becker. Noam Chom­ sky. Mobilization is currently organizing teach-ins around the country (scheduled for October and November) tc institute a creative discussion of this problem, and plans a series of actions In March 1978 under the heading "Save our Cities, Fund our Com­ munities." Hopefully local of­ ficials will hold meetings and pass resolutions calling on the federal government to reverse the arms race and apply those funds to human needs. The $10.6 billion now allocated for nuclear bombs—we have 30,000, enough to kill every­ one on earth 12 times—and the $4 to $6 billion on weapons research can be bet­ ter used to provide jobs, homes, educational facilities, etc. If you wish to participate :n this campaign, contact Mobilization for Survival, 1213 Race St., Philadelphia, PA. 19107 (215 563-1512). international Urban innovations A good source of informa­ tion on innovative urban policies abroad is the Council for Urban Liaison, which follows urban public policy in Europe and the Englishspeaking world closely. The Council writes short reports on interesting developments in such areas as urban renewal, housing, transpor­ tation, arts, the elderly, en­ vironmental issues and others. Contact the Council at 1612 K St., Room 904, Wash. D.C 20006. Georgia Legislators Rated The Southern Center for Studies in Public Policy has just published the G eorgia Legislative Review,. 1977 which rates state legislators on their key votes affecting (C ontinued on p ag e 11) National Conference Newsletter Institute for Policy Studies 1901 Que Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20009 ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED Non-Profit Org. U.S. POSTAGE PAID Permit 45748 Washington, D.C. 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The amount of revenue lost each year is unknown because the corporations refuse to disclose the extent of their operations. Conservative estimates run into the millions for most states. The adroitness of Getty Oil at this avoidance game is typical. Getty is composed of 63 wholly owned subsidiar­ ies. One subsidiary, Getty Eastern, is incorporated in Dela­ ware where it has a $3 billion oil refinery operation. De­ spite the fact that Getty Eastern has an estimated payroll of $37 million (in 1975) and yearly profits estimated at $80 to $100 million, it pays no income taxes to Delaware. Rather, Getty Eastern has declared losses of £31 million since 1971, and avoids $6 million in Delaware taxes each year . The scheme used most widely by Getty, and many other multinationals, is known as "downstreaming." In Getty's case, Getty's foreign subsidiaries which pump and transport crude oil, "overcharge" Getty Eastern for the oil which it refines. Due to the high price it "pays" to the Getty foreign subsidiaries, Getty Eastern appears to operate at a loss. The result is that Getty completely avoids tax on its Delaware income and can invest the tax-free profits in overseas ex­ pansion projects. The states and the Internal Revenue Service use different methods for dealing with such corporate shell games. A number of states require that multinational businesses file "combined" returns including information about all their subsidiaries, although only one may do business in the state. States that use this "unitary combined" method apply a three factor formula involving sales, payroll, and proper­ ty, to arrive at how much of the corporation's profits can be fairly allocated to the stete for taxation. The 1RS, as well as most of the international community, uses the "arms length" method, which permits related cor­ porations to file jointly or separately depending on which is most advantageous for them. The Senate Foreign Relations Committee is now consider­ ing an income tax treaty between the U.S. and the United Kingdom which contains a provision, Article 9, that allows the states to use the arm's length method, but prohibits their use of the combined unitary method when computing corporate state income tax for the subsidiaries of U.K. com­ panies. As a result several states stand to lose a good deal of revenue. California, for instance, estimates that it will lose up to $125 million per year or 10% of its corporate base. Alaska's estimate is $50 million .per year. Such losses will undoubtedly increase if the Treasury Department car­ ries out its stated intention to place Article 9 limitations in all future tax treaties. States using the unitary method believe that it will be im­ possible for them to make use of the arm's length method because it is based on subjective factors and is administra­ tively unfeasible for them. Those who favor Article 9 ar­ gue, without substantiation, that the unitary method dis­ torts the corporate profit picture by over allocating profits to the states, and that the reporting requirements are too burdensome Whether or not the Treaty Article is ultimately reserved (i.e., struck) is likely to be decided on grounds other than the merits of the tax methods involved. The decision will reflect an opinion as to whether the Senate is a propei forum, and a treaty the proper vehicle, for setting federal policy in the area of state taxation. Federal intervention in the area of state taxing powers is considered potentially detrimental to the delicate balance between state and fed­ eral powers Opponents of the Treaty Article believe that its inclusion in a Treaty that otherwise deals with federal and U.K. taxes, is an attempt by the Executive branch of government to bypass full Congressional review. During the past 20 years Congress, urged by the largest corporations, has con­ sidered numerous pieces of legislation to regulate state in­ come taxation. However it has refused or failed to enact such legislation for fear of intruding on the states' preroga­ tives in this area. It would appear that the Treasury De­ partment has taken it upon itself to arrive at the resolution of the issue. The Treaty comes before the Foreign Relations Commit­ tee for mark-up on September 27. Although many Senators are sympathetic with the reservation of Article 9, others have expressed fear for the survival of the Treaty if Article 9 is removed. Senate reservation of Article 9 would give Great Britain an opportunity to reject the "amended" Treaty which, by its other terms, gives substantial tax beri­ efits to American business. Diane Fuchs is on the staff o f the Tax Reform Research Group in Washington, D. 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Austin, T X M ay o r Jeff F rie d m a n c la im e d h is tu rn to h o s t th e s e c o n d m e e tin g in '76 and th at round brought several hundred new faces, along with m an y m ore com m unity organizers, trade union of­ ficials, political activists and planners. In A ustin, C olorad o S tate T reasu rer S am B row n prom ised a big h o ed o w n if the C o n fe re n ce ca m e W e st in '7 7 ; then he w en t E ast to join, the . C a rte r A d m in istra tio n . B u t b efore he left, S am b ro u g h t to­ gether a broad-based group of labor, com m unity activists and state an d local elected officials to form a hard w orking, dedicated, totally fan tastic H ost C om m ittee and the third annual event w as bigger and better than ever. The four-day m eetin g o f clo se to 5 0 0 p erson s estab lished a new- level of grow th , seriousness and political potentialities, T h e h eart of the conference w as, as in p reviou s years, the w ork sh op s. In each of the dozens of w o rk sh op s, scores of legislators, governm ent w orkers, organizers and aca­ dem ics analyzed , debated and traded experiences about p rogram s and legislation. M ost of the w ork sh op s focused on h ow to develop greater public con trol o v er w here m on ey goes, rath er than on the delivery o f hum an services another m ajor U S. problem . But participants w ere heart­ ened by the success of som e early Conference proposals su ch as "lifeline"' electric ra te stru ctu res, m unicipal ow n er­ ship of utilities, Fam ily Farm legislation, state banks, co m ­ m unity econ om ic developm ent program s, aggressive tax reform , and local strategies to r new form s of energy devel­ opment . P len ary sessions th at focused on Life und er the D em o­ crats" w ere m ostly critical. M assachusetts Rep. Barney F ra n k 's co m m e n t th a t, "Life u nd er the D e m o c ra ts is just like life under the R epublicans except th at A n d y Y oun g's indiscretions are m orally preferable to P at M oyn ih an's," w as w idely quoted in m edia coverage. This y ear's C o n fe r ence R eport features the m any m ajor press stories, rather th an w o rk sh o p su m m aries, an d is availab le fo r $1,5C F ran k also criticized C a rte r for his to tal lack of co m m it­ m ent to d o anything fo r p oor people, w hile increasing the m ilitary budget. A s for the C onference, Frank suggested th at it w as "betw een the stage of being sim ply an associa­ tion of rising politicians with left backgrounds and the harbingers of a national m ovem ent w ith real pow er for change. A nd to b ecom e a national m o v em en t," Fran k said, "the g ro u p will need a n atio n al cen tral fo cu s. I think o p ­ position to Jim m y C arter's policies could provide that focu s." A further biting criticism of federal policies w as m ad e by ecologist B arry C om m on er w hose edited speech begins on p. 8 of this issue. Edited texts o f rem ark s m ad e by' R on A sta and T om H ayden at the C onference are on p . 12. The new National Steering Committee was announced at the conclusion of the Conference. Members are: "John Aischuler, Assistant City Manager, Hartford, CT; *Ira Arlook, Director, Ohio Public Interest Campaign; Marion Barry, District of Columbia City Councilmember; Barbara Bick, Editor, Conference Newsletter; Sam Brown, Director, ACTION; Nicholas Carbone, Hartford, CT City Councilmember; Byron Dorgan, North Dakota Tax Commissioner; Kandra Hahn, Clerk of the District Court, Lancaster County, NE; Loni Hancock, Berkeley, CA City Councilmember; "Melvin King, Massachusetts State Representa­ tive; *Pat Roach, Dayton, OH City Councilmember: "Derek Shearer, economist/journalist; "David Smith, Professor, College of Public & Community Service: Paul Sogiin, Mayor, Madison, WI; and Bennie Thompson, Mayor, Bolton, MS. Those starred, along with Lee Webb, are on the Administrative Committee, which will meet more frequently. Arizona Recall Defeated Arizona progressives chartered and filled a bus to at­ tend the Denver conference. One of the participants, Frank Peters, a City Councilmember from Bisbee, AZ. withstood a conservative recall movement mounted against him this summer. It was a significant victory and since the entire bus load of Denver attendees played a support role to Peters, we are gratified that the D enver meeting had such an immediate political impact Cockrall Places In Detroit O u t of a field of 73 non-incum bents vyin g for the D etroit C ity C ou n cil, activist K enneth V . C ock rel cam e in first w ith o v er 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 v o tes, in the S eptem ber 13 nonpartisan p rim ary . Seven incum bents also ran for re-election and will b e a m o n g th e 1 8 can d id ates o n the N o v e m b e r b allo t. In addition to coping with 80 candidates seeking a place on th e nine seat cou ncil, D etro iters this su m m er ap p ro v ed the first p ro p e rty tax rise in 11 y e a rs, w h ich resto res sp o rts m usic and a rt classes to the city sch ool system , and voted fo r tw o b lack candidates to face each oth er in the runoff election in N ovem b er fo r m a y o r. D etro it, w hich is roughly 50 -5 0 black an d w hite and is the n ation 's sixth largest city, gave 5 5 .1 % to incum bent M a y o r C olem an A . Y oung T h e C ock rel cam paign w as unique, even in this d ram atic sum m er electoral sw irl. It w a s a m ass-based, issue-oriented, progressive cam paign w hich m irrored the independent, ou t­ spoken can did ate. Ken C o ck rel, an atto rn ey w h o holds M arxist view s, has spearheaded m an y of the im portan t political struggles that have been p art of D etroit's h isto ry . A m o n g his m an y w idely k n ow n legal cases are his success­ ful defenses of a C hrysler w o rk e r ch arged w ith m urdering tw o forem en, by proving th at w orking conditions and racism w ere the real m urderers; and a 20-y e a r old black policew om an prosecuted for shooting her m ale scout car p artn er. C ockrel proved she w as using self-defense when, after being sh ot at 12 tim es b y a num ber of p olice, she turned on and w ounded one of her w hite assailants. 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In other words, the energy problem is an eco­ nomic problem. The Ameri­ can economy is hitched onto the inevitably escalating price of oil, gas, and all the other non-renewables resources. There are several things wrong with that situation. First, it places a heavy bur­ den on the poor; 20% of a poor family's budget is used to buy energy, 5% of a rich family's. Secondly, it creates inflation. Third, it becomes a major block to investment. The only way to solve a problem which is caused by having a non-renewable energy source is to go to a re­ newable source. There are two possible renewable sources. One is solar, in all its manifestations. The other is nuclear power with a breeder.. Present nuclear power plants use uranium - They use it once and then it is dumped someplace with the hope that someone will figure out what to do with the radioactive waste. In 25-30 years there will be no more uranium available to use that way and so the country will be left with radioactive while ele­ phants. The Plan mandates build­ ing 90 or so more nuclear power plants, and Schlesinger has said there might be 300 by the turn of the century. But there won't be any ura­ nium left—unless you have a breeder which regenerates fuel as it operates While Mr. Carter is on the record as be­ ing against the breeder, mate­ rial in the National Energy Plan shows that the adminis­ tration is actually in favor of a breeder. It says: "The Presi­ dent has proposed to reduce the funding for the existing breeder program and to re­ direct it toward evaluation of alternative breeders." It is clear that the admin­ istration know what it is do­ ing with all those projected nuclear power plants. They will not run out of fuel at the turn of the century because there will be an alternative breeder. Mr Carter recently was enthused about the thorium breeder which he says would provide energy for hundreds of years into the future. There is your alterna­ tive breeder. So The Plan co­ vertly commits this country to a future based on nuclear power. That choice makes it impossible to take the solar route, because the two routes are contradictory. Nuclear power suggests a metaphor which involves the physics of visiting a friend You go to a door and there is a doorbell Pressing the door­ bell is a task, a thermo­ dynamic task. It requires work. Energy is useful only in so far as it generates work, and "work" is that which you have to do if you want some­ thing to happen that other­ wise would not happen. Thar is the Second Law of Thermo­ dynamics. One o f the rules of thermodynamics to that the source of energy should be well matched to the task. 1 have a good, well-adapted source of energy—me. I push the button, and it works, the doorbell rings. There is an alternative tech­ nique for accomplishing that same task. I arrive, this time in a truck, and on the truck is a cannon. I aim the cannon at the doorbell and let go And it does depress the button. So it accomplishes the task. But it is not well suited to the task The result is that there 9 is a great deal of damage. A technocratic response is to say that to use a cannon is more progress than to push the bell by hand, so the bell must be protected. A sheet of armor plate is put over the doorbell. Now I come with my cannon and WHAM, I ring the bell and everything's fine. But one day I miss and there's a big hole in the heuse. Now the whole front of the house must be armor plated. From then on I come up with the cannon and ring the doorbell and the house is pock marked, but it's okay. Except that now it is a very expensive house That is the story of nuclear power. The thermodynamic task of a nuclear power plant, is to boil water. The reason why nuclear power has be­ come the most expensive form of energy is the need to protect or armor-plate. Nu­ clear power plants have to be made earthquake proof. Engi­ neers claim that they are very safe because they have triple and quadruple backup sys­ tems. Exactly. They are so dangerous that every possible precaution is taken to prevent these dangers. Another thing about the economics o f nuclear power is that because of the extreme capital costs it, as well as all conventional forms of energy, has a very good economy of scale. You can not make an efficient little nuclear power plant. A nuclear power plant costs $2 billion. A refinery costs a half a billion dollars. A breeder will be about $20 billion. A coal-fired plant is also a billion dollars. Those companies with lots of money have an economic advantage in the energy industry. It is no accident that Exxon is the largest corporation in the world. The solar energy route is completely different; it is in­ compatible with the present concentration of capital in the energy system. Solar energy has one beautiful character­ istic There is no economy of scale. A very little photo- Continued cm page 10 ■ssauisnq jo ?no 08 j 3}BT Xaq? 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New Directions in State and Local Public Policy surveys new innovations in 10 crucial areas of state and local public policies. Proposals, bibliogra­ phies, resource guides and model legislation are included on • Energy • Redlining and Reinvestment • Food • Agriculture • Economic Development « T a x Reform • Women's Legislation • Neighborhood Banking • Political Organizing • Land Use • Public Enterprise » Revenue Sharing * Public Employees. It is an invaluable public policy manual for state and local officials, public interest groups, citizen or­ ganizations, and others. 1977. 430 pp. $7.50. What's a good idea worth? The Public Policy Reader is a collection of the most interesting innovative legislation and proposals developed in the 70s. More than 100 proposals and model bills covering the full range of state and local policies are included: Government Reform • Police and the Courts • Neighborhood Government • Local Education • The Arts • Farmland Banks • Utility Reform • Environmental Protection • State and City Banks • Prop­ erty Tax Reform • Public Enterprise • Political Organizing. 1976. 654 pp. $5 ($3 with orders of $10 or more) W hat's a good idea worth? New Directions in State and Local T ax Reform is a unique and valuable manual detailing possibilities for progressive state and local tax reform. The Manual shows what state and local public officials are advocating and where the tax reform move­ ment is and where it is going. There are 29 chapters on a wide range of tax reform possibilities. 1977. 390 pp. $6.50. What's a good idea worth? How Do You Stop Runaway Corporations? Industrial Exodus tells what could be done about runaway plants. States and cities throughout the nation are being hurt by unexpected shutdowns of industrial plants and manufacturers. Many people believe nothing can be done to save these jobs and communities. This volume in the Public Policy Series makes realistic pro­ posals for what the federal, state, and local governments could do to save jobs and protect communi­ ties from plant shutdowns. By Ed Kelly. $2.50, Institutions, businesses, $5. Use this order form fo r publications listed abov e and on the reverse side. CONFERENCE NEWSLETTER— □ bimonthly publication featuring articles with a progressive viewpoint on public policy questions. Also reports and notes on the activities of progressive state and local officials as well as recent innovative legislation. The Newsletter reports National Conference news, upcoming conferences, workshops, and pub­ lications. Six Issues per year $5. $10 to Institutions, businesses and government. SPECIAL BONUS OFFER □ Public Policy Reader for only $3 with orders of $10 or more Enclosed is $________ for publications checked above and on reverse side, including 75iir e a D •suo;;n;i;sui jo j 5 5 0S T $ a&Ejjng qqog Xq pa;ipg s;si -uoiun aaXojduza sqqnd pue sfepyjo 3 ijqnd Xq aaipejd o;u; ;nd sjesodojd 3 Ai;euja;[B pue uoi;e[s;8a[ ‘sapipe jo ;sa8ip y 3B J-40qB I □ 'SUOi;n;i;sui jo j 01® 'S$ 'Xja;Ejedas pajapjo j j ‘sanssr q;M0 j 8 pue puBj 'pooj pue 'aspsnf [BUTUIU3 'uoi;B3npa q;jBaq 'u u ojaj xb; ';uauido|aAap aiuiouoaa 'uoi; bziub8jo [eapijod 'asudja;ua 3qqnd 'X3 jaua jo j sjESodojd 3ai; b{si8 3 t pue suibjS -ojd Suipnjoui 'sa;e;s pue sapp Su p ej sq i aq; jo sanssi aq_x J3 PBay Xd ijo j a q q a j Q •suot;n;psuj jo j fg OS'IS 13 3 U3 J3JU0 3 aq; papua;;e oqM suosjad oSt1ueq; sjoui aq; jc sassajppe pue sauieu aie papnpui o sjy Xjnf ui q 3 'jSAuaQ ui pjaq 33U3J3JU03 [enuuy pJiqx 3q4 ;noqe s8uiddip SM3fq JJO u â y 3D U 3J9JU 03 J3A U 3Q Q •suoprqqsu; jo; e j '05'15 ' biujojiib.^ put uoSs j q uo;SuiqsByx 'q jo j M3jÿ ui squeq a;e;s pasod -OJd Xj;ua33 j pue ‘B;oqeQ q;Jo>q jo qireg p3UMo-a;e;s aq; jo suoi;diJ3 S3p sapnpuj squeq psuAio-Xjp pue 3 ;e;s jc sa8e; -uBApesip pue sa8e;uBApe aq; sazXjeuy jajssq q xaiaQ Xg Aauopsi 3ijqnj jo {Ojjuo^ aifqnj □ •suoi;n;i;suj joj 55 0 S 'c‘ qpur.o;) X;q Xapqjag aq; q;iAA pouad JBaX uaAas e jsao uoijiieo^j Xapqjag aq; jo sai8a;Bj;s 8uiziub8jo pue suiejSojd aq; s[;e;ap podaj siqj_ q a a jo jj SuiziueSj q diqsjauMQ Xqur.uiuio^ aq; Xq pajiduioa V 3 'Xapqjag ut joj;uoa aiuioiioaa Xqunuiuioa jo j suiejSojg W 3 M i « P D a HJL □ •suo;;r; i; su! o; s$ 'OSTS XqdejSoqqiq pajjepp b pue spsodojd aAi;BAOuu; ;soiu ;saq aq; Surpopui 'uaiuoM Suipajje sanssi aiuiouoaa uo uoi; -Bjsi8aj jo uoipajjoa y Xipneag uuy pue sapoqg Xq;e^j Xg sanssj s^uauio^l uo ^ooqpuBjq 3Af)B{si8aq q suot;n;qsu< -o j £5 OS tS '^d Zt ppeui e se eiquinpQ jo pu;sqg aq; 8uisn 'sai3 a;ej;s xb; [ei;ua;od o ; apinS-uopae ar.biun y ‘3 ‘Q JC'i satSojBi^s 3nu3A3y q •suo;;n;i;sui ioj ci$ ‘OS'H 06€ 'uopepraads ajejsa jeai pus jeos uo saxe; pue 'sanuaAaj X;p Mau sjrpne uoqejodjoa 'saxe; Xpadojd se SB3JB qsns ui 'op o; uejd pue 'auop aABq sja -u u o p j xe; ;eq^x aseq xe; 8uiquijqs e q;iM 8uij88nj;s sa;e;s pue sai;p jo j saqiunpoddo anuaAaj Mau jo qooqpueq y UUOJS^J X E X JB 3 0 9 3 JE JÇ UI SU O p 33JT Q MS-Vj Q suoprqpsui jo j §x$ OSTS *sjauot;i;3Bjd padxa Xq suiejSojd pue sasXjeue aAissajSojd jo saSed OOC 'sanssi snuouoaa s usuiom puE 'xuauqsaAupj pue ajnsopstp 'suopejodjoa 8ui||o j; uo3 'asn puej p jn ;[n 3u 8B 'sanuaAaj xe; '[ejidea aqqnd 'X8jaua Suipnpui 's;uauiujaAOâ a;e;s puB X;p 8upej suoqsanb xajduioa ;e sqooj jenueui siqj_ ^ H 0 J 3Ï N n d I « 3 0 1 ? 9 W S u ! S U O U M JIQ M ajy j □ S3IH3S SNOLLDSyia M3N SUOpBDIjqnj 9DU8J8JUO^) New Public Advocate Department by Peter A. Bucksbaum A Department of the Public Advocate, designed to open up the process of government to the people, was created in 1974 in New Jersey. This piece of legislation set up sev­ eral unique institutions. The most innovative is the Di­ vision of Public Interest Ad­ vocacy, a state-funded public interest law firm which can act to protect citizens' rights against invasion from sources such as state or local govern­ ments and private corpora­ tions. It resembles, but has more power, than the pro­ posed federal Agency for Consumer Advocacy. Also of great importance are the Di­ vision of Rate Council, fi­ nanced by an assessment or the public utilities and de­ signed to fight rate hike re­ quests; and the Office of Citi­ zens Complaints which inves­ tigates and resolves individ­ ual problems that people have with state government Among other key sections are a Division of Mental Health Advocacy, to protecl the rights of mental patients in individual cases and class actions; an Office of Inmate Advocacy, to handle parole revocation and prison law reform matters; and an Office of Dispute Settlements which trains community groups in techniques of mediating their disputes with local governments. A review of some of the ac­ tivities of the Divisions of Rate Counsel and Public In­ terest Advocacy indicates th; t such a Department is a viable mechanism for assuring that alternative policies are considered at the state levei. Rate Counsel has placed challenges to rate increase re­ quests on a basis that is prob­ ably more sustained and con­ sistent than in any othei state. The most notable ac­ complishment came when its arguments persuaded the Pub­ lic Utilities Commission to re­ ject a Bell Telephone multi­ million dollar rate hike application outright. But the key to the worth of the Di­ vision lies not in its success in any one case but in its abil­ ity—backed by the secure fi­ nancing of an automatic as­ sessment on utilities—to fight every major rate increase vig­ orously and to participate ful­ ly in other economic matters that the P.U.C. considers, such as hearings on rate design or the long range needs for power plant con­ struction. The $250,000 re­ cently expended by the Di­ vision in opposing a rate application by the State's largest utility' is an unprece­ dented consumer effort in New Jersey. The Division of Public In­ terest Advocacy has pursued a wide range of public issues through litigation and ad­ ministrative action Housing has been one area of concen­ tration with particular em­ phasis on court cases seeking to preserve municipal rent control and end exclusionary zoning. We have also used our status as a state agency, and consequent right to par­ ticipate in the A-95 review process, to ensure that com­ munities spend their allot­ ments under the Housing & Community Development Act of 1974 for low and mod erate income people. And w< have pushed for regulations which will strongly enforce New Jersey's new anti-red­ lining law. Because we are part of the state, our inquiries, requests and threats of suit bring faster action from other gov­ ernment officials. We can provide mechanisms for making the policy views of citizens groups known to re­ sponsible officials. Our experience demon­ strates that a state-funded public interest entity is a useful alternative public policy mechanism for opening up government. Further inquiries should be addressed to the writer at the Dept, of the Public Advocate, P.O . Box 141, Trenton, N.J. 08601, or call (609) 292-1692. Peter A. Buchsbaum is the Assistant Deputy Public Ad­ vocate, o f the Division o f Public Interest A dvocacy for the state o f New Jersey. Throwaway Deposit Ordinance Successful Case Study By Patrick Lacefieid Last spring voters of Co­ lumbia, MO, overcoming a slick, well-financed campaign by bottling and retailing interests, passed an ordinance mandating a deposit on all throwaway beverage con­ tainers. The ordinance, simi­ lar to laws in effect in several states require- a minimum 5c deposit on all throwawaybeer and soft drink contain­ ers, that all containers bear the stamp "Columbia", and that retailers refund deposits for brands and sizes which they sell. The campaign began in a class at the U. of Missouri en­ titled “Citizens and the En­ vironment", taught by com­ munity activist David Theien, It quickly gathered significant community support from the Conservation Federation of Missouri, Sierra Club, YV C A , Public Service Employees Local 45, various church social concern com­ mittees, Teamsters Joint Council 13, and both of the Columbia newspapers, as well as the St. Louis PostDispatch and the Kansas City Star. The issue was taken be­ fore the Columbia City Coun­ cil in December of 1976 and defeated 4-3, with the vote splitting upon strict conserve-tive/progressive lines. The citizens coalition. Columbians Against Throwaways, then decided to take the issue tc the people by referendum and easily gathered enough signa­ tures to assure a spot on the ballot. Organized against the ordi­ nance, under the misnomer of Columbians for Consumers, were local and state bottling and retailing interests. Their extensive campaign included point-of-sale leaflets on the counters and posters in all re­ tail outlets as well as anti­ deposit stickers on all beveiage containers. Their slogan was "Don't Pay for the Slob!" The campaign stressed that all beverage prices would go up as a result of the deposit law and that Columbia would lose business. The bottlers also sought to portray the de­ posit ordinance as limiting the freedom of choice of those who buy throwaway containers and described it alternately as a "forced de­ posit" and "mandatory re­ fund" scheme. The bottlers and retailers barked on heavy financial support from out-of-town interests and raised and spent sbeut $11,000 in opposition to the ordinance. Expendi­ tures included extensive news­ paper advertising, a 17,000 piece mailing to all registered voters, and blanket advertis­ ing on the local radio outlets. Beer distributors throughout the state received a letter urg­ ing contributions from the U.S. Brewers Assoc. Post­ election disclosure of contri­ butions showed that only 13 of their 72 contributions came from within Columbia. The Columbians Against Throwaways, on the other hand, raised and spent only $1000, turning down all con­ tributions from outside the city, including a donation from the Teamsters Union. Door-to-door canvassing, a passive letters-to-the-edito! campaign, and free radio ad­ vertisements spearheaded the proponents efforts. They re­ ceived the free radio spots under the Fairness Doctrine from several local radio sta­ tions. The possibility of the same happening on television caused the bottlers and retail­ ers to cancel a planned TV blitz in the closing days of the election. The throwaway deposit ordinance won with 53.6% thus becoming the first city to pass such an ordinance by referendum, and garnering support from conservative as well as progressive areas. Al­ though the Missouri Brewers Assoc, is planning a challenge in the courts to prevent implementation, the ordi­ nance will very likely with­ stand the challenge. P atrick L acefieid is a community activist. He recently m oved from Colum bia to New York City to join the staff o f WIN Magazine. IS