CORNELL U N IV E R SIT Y OFFICIAL P U B L IC A T IO N
N e w Y o rk S ta te C ollege of A g ricu ltu re
a t C o rn ell U n iv e rs ity 1954-55
T H E C O L L E G E O F A G R IC U L T U R E A T C O R N E L L U N IV E R S IT Y IS A CONTRACT U N IT O F TH E STATE UNIVERSITY O F N EW YORK

John L. Collyer, Chairman Dorothy McS. Arnold Neal Dow Becker W illiam D. P. Carey W alker L. Cisler F ran k S. Colum bus W illiam B. Cornell Edward R. Corsi Harold L. Creal Arthur H. Dean Thom as E. Dewey Mary H. Donlon C. Chester DuM ond Victor Emanuel Horace C. Flanigan Edwin T . Gibson Leroy R. Grumman Larry E. G ubb Oswald D. Heck Louis Hollander R uth F. Irish H erbert Fisk Johnson

Harold Keller Preston Levis James A . M cConnell Albert K. M itchell Thom as A. Murray Floyd R. Newman Nicholas H. Noyes John M. O lin John S. Parke George R. Pfann Joseph P. R ipley Francis H. Scheetz Jacob G. Schurman, Jr. H arold M. Stanley Harry G. Stutz Reese H. Taylor W alter C. Teagle Elbert P. T u ttle M axwell M. Upson Preston A. W ade L. A. W ilson

Deane W . M alott, A.B., M .B.A., L L.D . President of Cornell University

FACULTY REPRESENTATIVES

David P. Barr Robert E. Cushman

John W . M acDonald Lloyd P. Smith

STATE UN IVERSITY OF NEW YO RK BOARD OF TRUSTEES

Mrs. Betty H awley D onnelly Charles Garside N orm an S. Goetz Frederick F. Greenman George Edmund Haynes Earle J. M achold

Dwight M arvin Frank C. Moore Joseph J. M yler Edward N. Scheiberling Henry D. Sherwood Mrs. Em ily Smith W arner

W illiam S. Carlson, A .B ., M.S., Ph.D., L L .D ., D.Sc. President of the State University

COUN CIL FOR TH E NEW YO R K STA TE COLLEGE OF

AG R ICU LTU RE AND TH E A G R ICU LTU R AL

EXPERIM ENT STATIO N S

1953-54
Ex Officio Members Deane W. M alott, President of the University, Chairman.

F. F. H ill, Provost.

Jo h n E. B urton, Vice President-Business.

W illiam S. Carlson, P resident, State U niversity of New York.

Lewis A. W ilson, Com m issioner of Education.

Carroll V. Newsom, Associate Commissioner of Education.

C. Chester D uM ond, Com missioner of A griculture an d M arkets.

H arold M. Stanley, New York State Grange.

H arold L. Creal, President, New York State A gricultural Society.

W illiam A. H agan, D ean, New York State V eterinary College.

A rthur J. Heinicke, Director, New York State A gricultural Experim ent Station.

W illiam I. Myers, Dean, New York State College of A griculture.

Trustee Representatives

Faculty Representatives

A lbert K. M itchell Mrs. D orothy McS. A rnold
Conference Board Members

A. L eon W insor Harlan P. Banks C. B. Sayre

J. D. Ameele, Cooperative G.L.F. Exchange, Inc. Jo h n V. B. Rice, New York State P o u ltry C ouncil. M atthias Sm ith, New York State Grange. Donald F. Green, New York State Farm Bureau Federation. Mrs. R alph D. R eid, New York State Hom e Bureau Federation. G rover G uernsey, D airym en’s L eague C ooperative Association. Carl W ooster, New York State H orticu ltu ral Society. W illiam G idding, New York State Vegetable Growers Association.
Members-at-large

Thom as E. LaM ont

R obert Greig

Malcolm G albreath

EM ERITUS PROFESSORS
AT ITHACA
Bristow Adams, B. A., Professor in Extension Service, Em eritus. A rthur Augustus Allen, Ph.D., Professor of Ornithology, Emeritus. Liberty H yde Bailey, M.S., LL.D., L itt.D ., Ex-Dean, Professor Em eritus. W illiam C harles Baker, B.S.A., Professor of D raw ing, E m eritus. M ortier Franklin Barrus, Ph.D., Professor of P lant Pathology, Emeritus. Thom as Levingston Bayne, Jr., Ph.D., Professor of R ural Education, Emeritus. Cornelius B etten, Ph.D ., D.Sc., Professor of E ntom ology, E m eritus. H a ro ld E ugene Botsford, B.S., Professor of P o u ltry H u sb an d ry , E m eritus. James Chester Bradley, Ph.D., Professor of Entomology, Emeritus. H arry Oliver Buckman, Ph.D., Professor of Soil Technology, Emeritus. Frank Pores Bussell, Ph.D., Professor of P lant Breeding, Emeritus. Julian Edward Butterw orth, Ph.D., Professor of R ural Education, Emeritus. Mrs. Cora Binzel Chase, M.A., Professor of R u ra l Education, Em eritus. Howe Symonds Cunningham , Ph.D., Professor of P lant Pathology, Emeritus. R alp h W right C urtis, M.S.A., Professor of O rnam ental H o rticu ltu re, Em eritus. A rthur Johnson Eames, Ph.D., Professor of Botany, Emeritus.

T heodore H ildreth Eaton, Ph.D., Professor of R ural Education, Emeritus. George A bram Everett, A.B., LL.B., Professor of Extension T eaching, E m eritus. W illiam Trow bridge M errifield Forbes, Ph.D., Professor of Entomology, Emeritus. C lara Louise G a rrett, B.S., Professor of D raw ing, E m eritus. A lpheus M ansfield G oodm an, B.S.A., Professor of A g ric u ltu ral E ngineering, E m eritus. Edw ard Sewall G uthrie, Ph.D., Professor of D airy Industry, Em eritus. G lenn W ashington H errick, B.S.A., Professor of E conom ic E ntom ology, E m eritus. R a lp h Sheldon H osm er, B.S.A., M.F., Professor of Forestry, E m eritus. Frank B onar Howe, M.S., Professor of Soil Technology, Em eritus. Louis Merwin H urd, Professor of Poultry H usbandry, Emeritus. Oskar Augustus Johannsen, Ph.D., Professor of Entomology, Emeritus. Asa C arlto n King, B.S.A., Professor of F arm Practice, E m eritus. Lewis K nudson, Ph.D., Professor of Botany, Em eritus. Paul J. Kruse, Ph.D., Professor of Extension Education, Emeritus. H arry Houser Love, Ph.D., Professor of Plant Breeding, Emeritus. R obert Matheson, Ph.D., Professor of Economic Entomology, Emeritus. J o h n Clarence M cCurdy, B.S., C.E., Professor of A g ric u ltu ral E ngineering, E m eritus. R ichard Alan Mordoff, Ph.D., Professor of Meteorology, Emeritus. Jam es George N eedham , Ph.D ., L itt.D ., D.Sc., Professor of E ntom ology, E m eritus. R obert Carroll Ogle, Professor of Poultry H usbandry, Emeritus. E. Laurence Palmer, Ph.D., Professor of R ural Education, Emeritus. O tto R ahn, Ph.D., Professor of Bacteriology, Emeritus. Donald Reddick, Ph.D., Professor of P lant Pathology, Emeritus. Ju a n Estevan Reyna, E.E., M.A., Professor of D rawing, Em eritus. H ow ard W ait Riley, M.E., Professor of A gricultural Engineering, Em eritus. B ryon B u rn e tt R obb, M.S. in Agr., Professor of A g ric u ltu ral E ngineering, E m eritus. M ontgom ery E. R obinson, L itt.B ., B.S., Professor in E xtension Service, E m eritus. L ouis M ichael R oehl, B.S., Professor of F arm M echanics, E m eritus. Flora Rose, M.A., D. Ped., D.Sc., Professor of H om e Econom ics, E m eritus. H arold Ellis Ross, M.S.A., Professor of D airy Industry, Em eritus. G ad P ark er Scoville, B.S. in Agr., M.A., Professor of F arm M anagem ent, E m eritus. L ester W h yland Sharp, Ph.D ., D.Sc., Professor of B otany, E m eritus. Clifford Nicks Stark, Ph.D., Professor of Bacteriology, Emeritus. Rolland M aclaren Stewart, Ph.D., Professor of R ural Education, Emeritus. George W alter T ailb y , B.S.A., Professor of A nim al H u sb an d ry , E m eritus. C harles A rth u r T aylor, B.S., Professor in E xtension Service, E m eritus. H om er Columbus Thom pson, Ph.D., Professor of Vegetable Crops, Emeritus. H u g h C harles T roy, B.S.A., Professor of D airy In d u stry , E m eritus. Ernest Van Alstine, Ph.D., Professor of Soil Technology, Em eritus. L eland Eugene W eaver, M.S., Professor of P oultry H usbandry, Em eritus. R a lp h Hicks W heeler, B.S., Professor in E xtension Service, E m eritus. Paul W ork, Ph.D., Professor of Vegetable Crops, Emeritus. E dm und Louis W orthen, M.S.A., Professor of Soil Technology', Em eritus. A lbert H a/en W right, Ph.D., Professor of Zoology, Em eritus. W illiam Joseph W right, M.S., Professor in E xtension Service, Em eritus.
AT GENEVA
R obert Stanley Breed, Ph.D., Professor of Bacteriology, Emeritus. R eginald C lifton Collison, M.S., Professor of Pomology, Em eritus. H arold Joel Conn, Ph.D., Professor of Bacteriology, Emeritus. W alter Oscar Gloyer, M.A., Professor of P lant Pathology, Em eritus. Frederick Zeller H artzell, M.A., Professor of Entomology, Em eritus. M ancel T h o rn to n M unn, M.S., Professor of Seed Investigations, Em eritus. O tto A ugust R einking, Ph.D., Professor of P lan t Pathology', Em eritus. R ichard W ellington, M.S., Professor of Pomology, Em eritus.

Vacuity
Deane W. M alott, A.B., M.B.A., LL.D., President of the University. Forrest Frank H ill, Ph.D., Provost of the University and Professor of L and Economics. W illiam Irving Myers, Ph.D., D ean of the College of A griculture and Professor of
Farm Finance. Anson W right Gibson, M.S., D irector of R esident Instru ctio n an d Professor in
Personnel Adm inistration. L loyd R. Simons, B.S., D irector of E xtension a n d Professor in E xtension Service. Carl Edward Frederick G uterm an, Ph.D., Director of Research, D irector of the
Cornell University A gricultural Experim ent Station, and Professor of Plant Pathology. A rthur John Heinicke, Ph.D., Director of the New York State A gricultural Experi­ m ent Station at Geneva, Professor of Pomology, and H ead of the Departm ent. John Parker H ertel, Ph.D., Professor in Personnel A dm inistration and Secretary of the College. Howard Styring Tyler, Ph.D., Professor in Personnel A dm inistration in charge of Vocational Guidance and Placement. Leigh H. H arden, M.S., Associate Professor in Personnel A dm inistration in charge of Admissions. A rthur H ow ard Peterson, M.A., D irector of Finance, Assistant T reasurer of the University, and Professor in Business A dm inistration. W hiton Powell, Ph.D., Professor of Business M anagem ent and Librarian. Vivien N. W arters, A.M.L.S., Associate Professor of H om e Economics and Associate Librarian.
STAFF OF IN STR U CTIO N , RESEARCH, AND EXTENSION
AT ITHACA, NEW YORK*
PROFESSORS
R aym ond A lbrectsen, M.S., Professor of A nim al H usbandry. Samuel Ray Aldrich, Ph.D., Professor of Field Crops. W alfred A lbin A nderson, Ph.D., Professor of R u ral Sociology. Sydney A rth u r Asdell, Ph.D., Professor of Anim al Physiology. Sanford Soverhill Atwood, Ph.D., Professor of P lant Breeding and Dean of the
G raduate School. H arlan Parker Banks, Ph.D., Professor of Botany and H ead of the D epartm ent. LeRoy Lesher Barnes, Ph.D., Professor of Biophysics. K enneth Crees Beeson, Ph.D., Professor of Soil Science. M aurice Chester Bond, Ph.D., Professor of M arketing. D am on Boynton, Ph.D., Professor of Pomology.J R ich ard Bradfield, Ph.D ., D.Sc., Professor of Soil T echnology a n d H ead of th e D e­
partm ent of Agronomy. Nyle C. Brady, Ph.D., Professor of Soil Science. Stanley J. B row nell, M.A., M.S., Professor of A nim al H usb an d ry . Jacob H erbert Bruckner, Ph.D., Professor of Poultry H usbandry and H ead of the
Department.
‘ Staff m embers a t G eneva are listed on pages 12 an d 13. tO n leave year.

M ax E dw in B runk, Ph.D ., Professor of Marketing.-)W alter H . B urkholder, Ph.D., Professor of P lant Pathology. A rthur B rotherton Burrell, Ph.D., Professor of Plant Pathology. D onald Jo h n Bushey, M.L.D., Ph.D., Professor of O rnam ental H o rticulture. H elen G. Canoyer, Ph.D., D ean of the College of Hom e Economics. Charles C hupp, Ph.D., Professor of P lant Pathology. Daniel Grover Clark, Ph.D., Professor of Botany. R obert T heodore Clausen, Ph. D., Professor of Botany. M arlin George Cline, Ph.D., Professor of Soil Science. R andall K night Cole, Ph.D., Professor of Poultry H usbandry and A nim al Genetics. W illiam T ru m a n C randall, M.S., Professor of A nim al H usbandry. Cyril Frederick Crowe, M.S., Professor in E xtension Service a n d A ssistant State L eader
of County A gricultural Agents. Lowell Clem Cunningham , Ph.D., Professor of Farm M anagem ent. A rthur Chester Dahlberg, Ph.D., Professor of Dairy Industry. Lawrence Bryce D arrah, Ph.D., Professor of M arketing. H errell Franklin DeGraff, Ph.D., Babcock Professor of Food Economics in the School
of N utrition. A rth u r W atson Dim ock, Ph.D ., Professor of P la n t Pathology.-)Elton Jam es Dyce, Ph.D., Professor of A piculture. D avid B axter Fales, M.S., Professor in Extension Service an d A ssistant State 4-H
Club Leader. W alter T heodore Federer, Ph.D., Professor of Biological Statistics. E dw ard W ilb u r Foss, M.S.A., Professor of A gricultural E ngineering. O rval C. French, M.S., Professor of A gricultural E ngineering a n d H ead of the D e­
partm ent.
R ich ard Felix Fricke, B.S., Professor in E xtension Service a n d A ssistant State L eader of County A gricultural Agents.
M arvin David Glock, Ph.D., Professor of R ural Education. Cedric Hay Guise, M.F., Professor of Forestry. Goldan O rlando H all, Ph.D., Professor of Poultry Husbandry. W illiam Jo h n H am ilton, Jr., Ph.D., Professor of Zoology. E lton K enneth H anks, B.S., Professor in E xtension Service. Clifford R am o n H a rrin g to n , B.S., Professor in E xtension Service a n d A ssistant State
L eader of C ounty A gricu ltu ral Agents.-jVan Breed H art, Ph.D., Professor of Farm Management. John D aniel H artm an, Ph.D., Professor of Vegetable Crops. H erbert Bertsch H artw ig, Ph.D., Professor of Field Crops. D aniel Leo Hayes, B.S., Professor in E xtension Service a n d A ssistant State L eader of
County A gricultural Agents.
Glenn W ilbur H edlund, Ph.D., Professor of Business M anagem ent and Acting H ead of the D epartm ent of A gricultural Economics.
F rederick E m il H einzelm an, B.S., Professor in E xtension Service a n d A ssistant State 4-H Club Leader.
Charles Roy Henderson, Ph.D., Professor of Anim al Husbandry. B arbour Lawson H errington, Ph.D., Professor of Dairy Chemistry. Gustave Frederick Heuser, Ph.D., Professor of Poultry Husbandry. Frederic W illiam H ill, Ph.D., Professor of Anim al N utrition and Poultry Husbandry. A lbert H oefer, B.S., Professor in E xtension Service and State 4-H C lub L eader. Paul R aym ond Hoff, M.S.A., Professor of A gricultural Engineering. M elvin B utler Hoffm an, Ph.D., Professor of Pomology. R obert Francis H olland, Ph.D., Professor of Dairy Industry. Joseph Douglas H ood, Ph.D., Professor of Biology.

Edwin Raym ond Hoskins, Ph.D., Professor of R ural Education. Thom as N orm an H urd, Ph.D., Professor of L and Economics. Frederick Bruce Hu t t , Ph.D ., D.Sc., Professor of A nim al Genetics. W alter Casper Jacob, Ph.D., Professor of Vegetable Crops. B u rto n A aron Jennings, B.S., Professor of A g ric u ltu ral E ngineering. Neal Frederick Jensen, Ph.D., Professor of Plant Breeding. G ordon A lexander Johnsgard, Acting Professor of Soil Science. Alvin A ugust Johnson, M.S., Professor of P la n t Breeding. Philip Gustav Johnson, Professor of R ural Education. Peter Paul Kellogg, Ph.D., Professor of Ornithology. L incoln D avid Kelsey, B.S., Professor in E xtension Service. M yron Slade Kendrick, Ph.D., Professor of Public Finance. W ilbert Keith Kennedy, Ph.D., Professor of Agronomy. George Clarence Kent, Ph.D., Professor of Plant Pathology and H ead of the De­
partm ent. Georges A bdallah Knaysi, Ph.D ., D.Sc., Professor of Bacteriology. F rank V incent Kosikowski, Ph.D., Professor of D airy Industry. M yron Dean Lacy, M.S., Professor of A nim al H usbandry. John L am b, Jr., Ph.D., Professor of Soil Conservation. O laf Frederick Larson, Ph.D., Professor of R u ra l Sociology. Albert W ashington Laubengayer, Ph.D., Professor of Chemistry. George H . M. L aw rence, Ph.D ., D.Sc., Professor of B otany a n d D irector of the
Bailey H ortorium . John Paul Leagans, Ph.D., Professor of Extension Education. Rowland W illis Leiby, Ph.D., Professor of Entomology. M a rth a E m m a L eighton, B.S., Professor in E xtension Service a n d A ssistant State
4-H Club Leader. John Kasper Loosli, Ph.D., Professor of Anim al N utrition. Edward A lbert Lutz, Ph.D., Professor of Public A dm inistration. Laurence H ow land MacDaniels, Ph.D., Professor of H orticulture and H ead of the
Departm ent of Floriculture and Ornam ental Horticulture. H arry A lexander M acDonald, Ph.D., Professor of Field Crops. W illiam Frederick Mai, PhD., Professor of P lant Pathology.f Louis Melville Massey, Ph.D., Professor of P lant Pathology. Leonard Amby M aynard, Ph.D., Professor of N utrition and Biochemistry and Head
of the Departm ent. Clive M aine McCay, Ph.D., Professor of N utrition. H ow ard Bagnall Meek, Ph.D., Professor of Hotel Adm inistration. John Ivan M iller, Ph.D., Professor of Anim al H usbandry. W ilfred Douglas Mills, Ph.D., Professor of Plant Pathology. Edward G ardner Misner, Ph.D., Professor of Farm M anagement. Clyde B. M oore, Ph.D ., Professor of R u ra l E ducation. F red B ishop M orris, B.S., Professor in E xtension Service a n d State L ead er of
County A gricultural Agents. F rank B arron M orrison, B.S., D.Sc., Professor of A nim al H u sb an d ry a n d A nim al
N utrition. W alter Conrad M uenscher, Ph.D., Professor of Botany. H enry M artin M unger, Ph.D., Professor of P lant Breeding and Vegetable Crops
and H ead of the D epartm ent of Vegetable Crops. Royse Peak M urphy, Ph.D., Professor of P lant Breeding and H ead of the D epart­
m ent. R obert Burns Musgrave, Ph.D., Professor of Field Crops. H arry Brooks Naylor, Ph.D., Professor of Dairy Industry.

W alter Ludw ig Nelson, Ph.D., Professor of Biochemistry. Charles M errick Nevin, Ph.D., Professor of Geology. Allan Goodrich Newhall, Ph.D., Professor of P lant Pathology. Leo Chandler Norris, Ph.D., Professor of N utrition. Charles E dm und Palm , Ph.D., Professor of Entomology and H ead of the D epartm ent
of Entom ology and Limnology. K enneth G ardner Parker, Ph.D., Professor of Plant Pathology. R obert Lee P atton, Ph.D., Professor of Insect Physiology. George Eric Peabody, M.S., Professor of E xtension T eaching. Frank Ashmore Pearson, Ph.D., Professor of Prices and Statistics. M ichael Peech, Ph.D., Professor of Soil Science. Loren Clifford Petry, Ph.D., Professor of Botany. R obert A rnold Poison, Ph.D., Professor of R u ral Sociology and H ead of the D ep art­
m ent. K enneth Post, Ph.D., Professor of Floriculture. A rthur John Pratt, Ph.D., Professor of Vegetable Crops. George Joseph Raleigh, Ph.D., Professor of Vegetable Crops. Lowell Fitz R andolph, Ph.D., Professor of Botany. Edw ard Cowden R aney, Ph.D., Professor of Zoology and Fishery Biology. M arius Peter Rasmussen, Ph.D., Professor of M arketing. W illiam A rth u r Rawlins, Ph.D., Professor of Entomology. John Thom as Reid, Ph.D., Professor of A nim al Husbandry. Alexis Lawrence Romanoff, Ph.D., Professor of Chemical Embryology. A rchibald Frank Ross, Ph.D., Professor of P lant Pathology. H erbert H enry Schwardt, Ph.D., Professor of Entomology. M ilton Leonard Scott, Ph.D., Professor of A nim al N u tritio n and Poultry H usbandry. Sanford R e u b en Shapley, B.S., Professor of F arm P ractice a n d F arm S uperintendence. Jam es M organ Sherm an, Ph.D., D.Agr., Professor of Bacteriology and H ead of the
D epartm ent of Dairy Industry. H arold H ill Smith, Ph.D., Professor of P lant Breeding. O ra Smith, Ph.D., Professor of Vegetable Crops. Sedgwick Eugene Sm ith, Ph.D., Professor of A nim al H usbandry. W illiam A rthur Smith, Ph.D., Professor of R ural Education. R obert M um ford Smock, Ph.D., Professor of Pomology. Leland Spencer, Ph.D., Professor of M arketing.j A drian M orris Srb, Ph.D., Professor of P lant Breeding. Frederick C am pion Steward, Ph.D ., D.Sc., Professor of Botany. Jam es Batcheller Sum ner, Ph.D., Professor of Biochemistry. Gustav Adolph Swanson, Ph.D., Professor of Conservation and H ead of the D epart­
m ent. R obert Dean Sweet, Ph..D., Professor of Vegetable Crops. Cyril W aldie T erry, Ph.D., Professor of A gricultural Engineering. Bernard V alentine Travis, Ph.D., Professor of M edical Entomology. George W illiam T rim berger, Ph.D., Professor of Anim al H usbandry.f K enneth Leroy T urk, Ph.D., Professor of Anim al H usbandry and H ead of the De­
partm ent. Clesson N ath an T u rn er, M.S., Professor of A gricultural Engineering. Leon Jo h n Tyler, Ph.D., Professor of P lant Pathology. W illiam B innington W ard, M.S., Professor of Extension T eaching an d Inform ation,
Editor, Chief of Publications, and H ead of the Departm ent. Stanley W hitson W arren, Ph.D., Professor of Farm M anagem ent. Thom as Cobb W atkins, Ph.D., Professor of Economic Entomology. Donald Stuart W elch, Ph.D., Professor of Plant Pathology.

James Carrick W hite, Ph.D., Professor of Dairy Industry. Roy G lenn W iggans, Ph.D., Professor of P lant Breeding. H arold H enderson W illiam s, Ph.D., Professor of Biochemistry. R obin M urphy W illiam s, Jr., Ph.D ., Professor of Sociology. H arold A nthony W illm an, M.S., Professor of A nim al H usbandry. John Peter W illm an, Ph.D., Professor of Anim al Husbandry. Andrew Leon W insor, Ph.D., Professor of Education and H ead of the D epartm ent
of R ural Education. Forrest Blythe W right, Ph.D., Professor of A gricultural Engineering. M ax Rom aine Zelle, Ph.D., Professor of Bacteriology.
ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS
R o b e rt Je rem iah Ames, B.S., Associate Professor of E xtension T ea ch in g a n d In fo r­ m ation.
John C arr Ayers, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Oceanography. R obert C arl Baker, M.S., Associate Professor of Poultry H usbandry. Clifford O sburn Berg, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Limnology. Carl W illiam Boothroyd, Ph.D., Associate Professor of P lan t Pathology. Landis Lee Boyd, M.S., Associate Professor of A gricultural Engineering. Clarence G reenfield B radt, B.S., Associate Professor of A nim al H usb an d ry . Jam es Lewis B rann, Jr., Ph.D ., Associate Professor of Entomology. Charles A rth u r B ratton, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Farm M anagem ent. Robert W ebster B ratton, Ph.D., Associate Professor of A nim al H usbandry. Francis E verett Broadbent, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Soil Microbiology. Jam es D avid Burke, M.S.A., Associate Professor of A nim al H usbandry. Ferdinand Hinckley B utt, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Insect M orphology. George Sam uel B utts, B.S., Associate Professor of E xtension T ea ch in g a n d In fo rm a ­
tion and Supervisor of Farm Study Courses. H erm an Jo h n Carew, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Vegetable Crops. H ow ard W ilm ot C arter, Ph.D., Associate Professor of A nim al H usbandry. W illiam L aM ar Coggshall, Ph.D., Associate Professor of A piculture. How ard Emerson Conklin, Ph.D., Associate Professor of L and Economics. John Farnsw orth Cornm an, Ph.D., Associate Professor of O rnam ental Horticulture.-)Louise Jane Daniel, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biochemistry. Lloyd How ell Davis, Ph.D., Associate Professor of M arketing. Jeffrey E arl Dawson, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Soil Science. Eugene A lbert Delwiche, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Bacteriology. Jam es Edwin Dewey, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Entomology. H enry D ietrich, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Entom ology and C urator of Insects. M ary Eva D uthie, Ph.D ., Associate Professor of R u ra l Sociology. W illiam R o b ert Eadie, Ph.D ., Associate Professor of Zoology. W endell George Earle, Ph.D., Associate Professor of M arketing. Louis Jam es E dgerton, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Pomology. C arlton M. Edwards, M.S., Associate Professor of A gricultural Engineering. Lloyd H artm an Elliott, Ph.D., Associate Professor of E ducational A dm inistration. H erbert Lym an Everett, Ph.D., Associate Professor of P lant Breeding. Karl H erm ann Fernow, Ph.D., Associate Professor of P lant Pathology. Stanford New ton Fertig, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Agronomy. Elwood George Fisher, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Pomology. Jo h n George Franclem ont, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Entomology. Chester H igby Freem an, M.S.A., Associate Professor of Extension T eaching. Eva L ucretia G ordon, Ph.D., Associate Professor of R u ral Education. H arold Ellsw orth Gray, Ph.D., Associate Professor of A gricultural Engineering.

Wesley W innfred G unkel, M.S., Associate Professor of A g ricultural E ngineering. George G ordon Gyrisco, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Entom ology. W illiam Hansel, Ph.D., Associate Professor of A nim al H usbandry. O liver H arold H ew itt, Ph.D., Associate Professor of W ildlife M anagem ent. H ugh Cecil H uckett, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Entom ology. George R o b ert Johnson, M.S., Associate Professor of A nim al H usbandry. Louis W illiam Kaiser, B.F.A., in R adio, Associate Professor of E xtension T eaching
and Inform ation. Chase Del M ar Kearl, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Farm M anagem ent. W illiam Carey Kelly, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Vegetable Crops. Jam es S tephen K napp, B.S., Associate Professor of E xtension T e a c h in g a n d In fo r­
mation V ladim ir N icitich Krukovsky, Ph.D., Associate Professor of D airy Industry. A lbert A urel L aPlante, Jr., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Entom ology. Josiah R andall Liverm ore, Ph.D., Associate Professor of P lant Breeding. R u b y M . L oper, B.S. A rch. Eng., Associate Professor of A g ric u ltu ral E ngineering. D ean R ichm ond M arble, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Poultry H usbandry. John George M atthysse, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Economic Entomology. M arion W att Meadows, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Vegetable Crops. R obert D em orest M iller, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Soil Physics. E dw ard Owen Moe, Ph.D ., Associate Professor in E xtension Serivec and R u ra l Soci­
ology. H arold Em ery M oore, Jr., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Botany in the Bailey H o r­
torium . A rth u r Leslie Neal, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biochem istry. A bram G ordon Nelson, Ph.D., Associate Professor of E ducational and Vocational
G u idance. W ilb u r F ra n k lin Pease, B.S., Associate Professor in E xtension Service a n d A ssistant
State 4-H Club Leader. Lester Carl Peterson, Ph.D., Associate Professor of P lant Pathology. A rth u r M orton Phillips, Jr., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Fishery Biology. E lm er Strobel P hillips, B.S., Associate Professor in E xtension T ea ch in g a n d In fo r­
m atio n . Joseph P u llm a n P o rter, B.S., M.S.A., M .L.D., Associate Professor of O rn a m en tal
H o rticu ltu re. A lfred M. S. P rid h a m , Ph.D ., Associate Professor of O rn a m en tal H o rtic u ltu re . C linton B eaum ont R aym ond, B.S., Associate Professor of V egetable Crops. W illiam W oodland R eeder, Ph.D ., Associate Professor of R u ra l Sociology. Loris H enry Schultz, Ph.D., Associate Professor of A nim al H usbandry. H arry W ilb u r Seeley, Jr., Ph.D ., Associate Professor of Bacteriology. E dw in Stanley Shepardson, M.S.A., Associate Professor of A gricultural Engineering. W illiam Frank Shipe, Jr., Ph.D., Associate Professor of D airy Industry. Charles Gald Sibley, Ph.D., Associate Professor of O rnithology. E arl Young Sm ith, M.A., Associate Professor of Poultry H usbandry. R obert Sam uel Sm ith, Ph.D., Associate Professor in Extension Service. W illiam Enoch Snyder, Ph.D., Associate Professor of O rnam ental H orticulture. R obert W ilber Spalding, M.A., Associate Professor of A nim al H usbandry. R obert George Douglas Steel, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biological Statistics, Bio­
metrics U nit, D epartm ent of P lant Breeding. Frederick H arry Stutz, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Secondary Education. P h ilip T aietz, Ph.D., Associate Professor of R u ra l Sociology.
H ow ard Ellsw orth T hom as, Ph.D ., Associate Professor of R u ra l Sociology.
Charles H arrison U hl, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Botany. Lowell D ohner U hler, Ph.D ., Associate Professor of Biology. D w ight A lbert W ebster, Ph.D ., Associate Professor of Fishery Biology.

George H arvey W ellington, M. S., Associate Professor of A nim al H usbandry. R obert Elzworth W ilkinson, Ph.D., Associate Professor of P lant Pathology. Fred Everett W inch, Jr., M.F., Associate Professor of Forestry. C arlton Eugene W right, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Food Inform ation. T hom as L enoir York, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Vegetable Crops and
Breeding. Paul Joseph Zwerm an, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Soil Conservation.

Plant

ASSISTANT PROFESSORS
John Stanley Ahm ann, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of R ural Education. H arry Ainslie, M.S., Assistant Professor of A nim al H usbandry. R ich ard C onnolly A ndreasen, B.S., A ssistant Professor of F loriculture. Howard Guion Andrus, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of R ural Education and Director
of the Educational Placem ent Bureau. H erm an M ilton Austenson, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Agronomy. A rthur Bing, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Floriculture. W alter Daniel Bonner, Jr., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Botany. Carl Stafford B randt, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Soil Science. Mrs. Elizabeth L oring Burckmyer, M.S., Assistant Professor of Drawing. C harles W illiam Cares, Jr., A.B., B.S., A ssistant Professor of O rn a m en tal H o rtic u l­
ture. R o b e rt C harles Cetas, B.S., A ssistant Professor of P la n t Pathology. Charles M arion Chance, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Anim al H usbandry. Seymour K ent Christensen, Ph.D., Acting Assistant Professor of M arketing. W alter Leighton Clark III, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Biochemistry. W ilson Farnsw orth Clark, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Conservation. Stewart Lam onte Dallyn, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Vegetable Crops. R ichard Francis Davis, Ph.D., Acting Assistant Professor of A nim al H usbandry. R obert Dickey, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of P lant Pathology. B ennett Avery Dom inick, Jr., M.S., Assistant Professor of M arketing. N orm an Carl Dondero, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Bacteriology. W illiam John Dress, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Botany. Howard Ensign Evans, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Entomology. W illiam Adolph Feder, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of P lant Pathology. Richard Bernard Fischer, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of R ural Education. Robert H utchinson Foote, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Anim al Husbandry. W illiam Lee G arm an, M.S., Assistant Professor of Agronomy. W esley W in n fre d G unkel, M.S., A ssistant Professor of A g ric u ltu ral E ngineering. Lawrence Stanley H am ilton, M.F., Assistant Professor of Forestry. A lvin R ussell H am son, B.S., A ssistant Professor of V egetable Crops. Francis M. R. Isenberg, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Vegetable Crops and Pomology. W illiam Kirby Jordan, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Dairy Industry. Steven Clarence King, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Anim al Genetics and Poultry
H usbandry. R ichard Paul Korf, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of P lant Pathology. W illiam R udolph Kunsela, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of R ural Education. Law rence W illiam Larson, M.S., Assistant Professor of A gricultural Engineering. Douglas J. L athw ell, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Soil Science. R obert Edwin Lee, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Floriculture. G ilbert Levine, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of A gricultural Engineering. Carl Clifford Lowe, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of P lant Breeding. R ichard Pell M arch, M.S., Assistant Professor of D airy Industry. E verett D onald M arkw ardt, M.S.A., Assistant Professor of A gricultural Engineering. Russell D ickinson M a rtin , M.S., A ssistant Professor of E xtension T eaching.

Dewey E dw ard McNiece, B.S., A ssistant Professor of P o u ltry H usb an d ry . W illiam Frederick M illier, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of A gricultural Engineering. Robert Rising Morrow, Jr., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Forestry. John Adam Naegele, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Entomology. H ugh D onald N aum ann, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Anim al Husbandry. Daniel A ltm an Roberts, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of P lant Pathology. K enneth Leon R obinson, M.S.A., Assistant Professor of A gricultural Economics. R ichard Leander Sawyer, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Vegetable Crops. E dw ard A rth u r Schano, B.S., A ssistant Professor of P o u ltry H usb an d ry . Ben Edw ard Sheffy, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of A nim al H usbandry. Samuel T hom as Slack, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of A nim al H usbandry. Jam es W endell Spencer, M.C.E., Assistant Professor of A gricultural Engineering. Bernard Freeland Stanton, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Farm Management. E arl Lewis Stone, Tr., Ph.D ., C harles L a th ro p Pack A ssistant Professor of Forest
Soils. R obert Prindle Story, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of M arketing. John Fanning Thom pson, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Botany. Paul John VanDemark, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Bacteriology. R ichard Griswold W arner, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of A nim al H usbandry. Jam es R . W hite, D.Ed., Assistant Professor of R u ra l Sociology. T hom as E dgar W iley, M.S., Assistant Professor of A nim al H usbandry. Charles Edward W illiam son, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of P lant Pathology.
IN S T R U C T O R S
E thel Zoe Bailey, A.B., C urator, Bailey H ortorium . H arold Clough, Instructor in A gricultural Engineering. E arl W illiam C rane, B.S., In stru c to r in R u ra l E ducation. Jam es Edwin Cruise, M.S., In stru cto r in Botany. R obert Charles C urtis, A.B., In stru cto r in M eteorology. R aym ond T hom as Fox, M.S., Instru cto r in Floriculture. Mrs. V era H akanson Fox, B.S., In stru c to r in D raw ing. R o n a ld Bay F urry, B.S., A cting In stru c to r in A g ric u ltu ral E ngineering. A rth u r Edw ard H iltbold, M.S., Instru cto r in Agronomy. R obert Jo h n L am bert, M.S., In stru cto r in F reehand Drawing. Francis A sbury L ueder, Jr., B.S., In stru c to r in E xtension T eaching. C onrad Frederick Meyer, M.S., Instru cto r in Botany. H arold Leslie Noakes, Ph.D., Instructor in A gricultural Education. Levi W ayland P arker, M.S., Instru cto r in A gricultural G eography. T heodore D w ight R ichards, Jr., M.S., In stru cto r in E xtension T eaching a n d I n ­
form ation. E rnest Frederick Schaufler, M.S.A., In stru cto r in F loriculture and O rnam ental
H orticulture. Bernice M argaret Scott, B.S.M., In stru cto r in R u ra l Sociology.
STAFF OF TH E EXPERIM ENT ST A TIO N A T GENEVA
PROFESSORS
John C arlton Cain, Ph.D., Professor of Pomology. Paul Jones C hapm an, Ph.D., Professor of Entomology. R alph W illard Dean, Ph.D., Professor of Entomology. John Einset, Ph.D., Professor of Pomology. James M orton H am ilton, Ph.D., Professor of P lant Pathology. D avid Birney H and, Ph.D ., Professor of Biochemistry,-j-

George Edward Rom aine Hervey, Ph.D., Professor of Entomology. George James Hucker, Ph.D., Professor of Bacteriology. Zoltan Im re Kertesz, Ph.D., Professor of Chemistry. Jam es Douglass L uckett, M.S., Professor and Editor. DeForest H arold Palm iter, Ph.D., Professor of P lant Pathology. Carl Severin Pederson, Ph.D., Professor of Bacteriology. Charles Bovett Sayre, M.S., Professor of V egetable Crops. W ilbur Theodore Schroeder, Ph.D., Professor of Plant Pathology. Nelson Jacob Shaulis, Ph.D., Professor of Pomology. George Lewis Slate, M.A., Professor of Pomology.
ASSOCIATE PROFESSORS
Jam es A lfred Adams, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Entomology. Lester C urtis A nderson, B.S., Associate Professor of Pom ology. Alfred W illiam s Avens, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Chemistry. Donald W ilber B arton, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Vegetable Crops. Frank P aul Boyle, Jr., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biochemistry. Alvin Joseph B raun, Ph.D., Associate Professor of P lant Pathology. Benjam in Edw ard Clark, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Seed Investigations. W illard Francis Crosier, Ph.D ., Associate Professor of Seed Investigations. Otis Freem an Curtis, Jr., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Pomology. Foster Lee G am brell, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Entomology. Edw ard H adley Glass, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Entomology. Jam es Davis H a rlan , B.S., Associate Professor of Pomology. James C ourtenay H ening, M.S., Associate Professor of Chemistry. Alvin W illiam Hofer, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Bacteriology. R obert W illiam Holley, Ph.D., Associate Professor of O rganic Chemistry. George H enry H ow e, B.S., Associate Professor of Pomology. Frank Andrew Lee, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Chemistry. Siegfried Eric Lienk, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Entomology. G uilford Leroy Mack, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Chemistry. James Charles Moyer, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Chemistry. Frederick George M u ndinger, M.S., Associate Professor of Entom ology. W illard Bancroft R obinson, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Chemistry. Edw ard H olm an Sm ith, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Entomology. W illiam T h o rp e T apley, M.S., Associate Professor of Vegetable Crops. Em il Frederick Taschenburg, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Entomology. M orrell T hayer V ittum , Ph.D., Associate Professor of Vegetable Crops. A ustin Clayton W agenknecht, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biochem istry.
ASSISTANT PROFESSORS
John Dwain Atkin, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Vegetable Crops. Karl D ietrich Brase, M.S., Assistant Professor of Pomology. Alexander Cochran Davis, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Entomology. Robert M cCullough Gilmer, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of P lant Pathology. R obert Consay L am b, M.S., Assistant Professor of Pomology. John Jacob N atti, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Plant Pathology. LeRoy W alter N ittler, Assistant Professor of Seed Investigations. Ernest Sondheimer, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Chemistry. Keith H artley Steinkraus, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Bacteriology. M ichael Szkolnik, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of P lant Pathology. Roger D arlington W ay, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Pomology. Donald Ellsw orth W ilson, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Food Science.

The New York State
College of Agriculture
C O R N E L L U N IV E R SIT Y , the Land-Grant institution for New
Y ork State, was chartered by the Legislature in 1865. B y the terms o f the Lan d-G ran t A c t o f 1862, teaching in agriculture has been, from the beginning, a regu lar part o f the university program . In 1904 the Legislature of the State of New York established the College of A gri­ culture as a state institution under the title “ T h e N ew Y ork State C o l­ lege of Agriculture at Cornell University,” and made an appropriation for the erection o f buildings for the C ollege. In 1906 the Legislature passed an Adm inistration Act defining the purpose and activities of the College of Agriculture thus: “T h e object of said college of agriculture shall be to im prove the agricultural methods of the state; to develop the agricultural resources of the state in the production of crops of all kinds, in the rearing and breeding of livestock, in the m anufacture of dairy and other products, in determining better methods of handling and m arketing such products, and in other ways; and to increase intel­ ligence and elevate the standards of living in the rural districts. For the attainm ent o f these objects the college is authorized to give instruc­ tion in the sciences, arts and practices relating thereto, in such courses and in such m anner as shall best serve the interests of the state; to conduct extension work in disseminating agricultural knowledge throughout the state by means of experiments and demonstrations on farms and gardens, investigations o f the econom ic and social status of agriculture, lectures, publication of bulletins and reports, and in such other ways as m ay be deem ed advisable in the furtherance of the afore­ said objects; to make researches in the physical, chemical, biological and other problems of agriculture, the application of such investiga­ tions to the agriculture of New York, and the publication of the results thereof.”
W ith the creation o f the State U niversity of N ew Y ork in 1948, the C ollege of A gricu ltu re, as one of the four state-supported units at C o r­ nell University, became an integral part of this new State University. “ Created to provide a comprehensive and adequate program o f higher education” the State University now includes more than thirty edu­ cational institutions. T h e College of Agriculture, functioning in this broad context, offers teaching and research facilities to serve the agri­ cultural needs of the State.

TH E COURSES AVAILABLE
T h e resident instruction in the C ollege of A gricu ltu re is planned for those who desire training in agriculture and in the sciences most closely related to agriculture. It is organized, for the most part, in a course of four years, or eight terms, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science. Those who want instruction in a special field may register for one or more terms as special students, provided they are qualified by education and experience to pursue the courses they w ant to take (see page 24).
For those who cannot plan to take four years of college work, special curricula are organized, running through two years, to give specific training for definite vocational objectives. Transfer from the two-year to the four-year course is possible under certain conditions w hich are described in the Announcem ent of the two-year course.
G raduate w ork in the various fields of agriculture is under the ju ris­ diction of the Graduate School of Cornell University to which questions about admissions should be addressed.
A side from the above, there is regularly a six-week sum m er school designed especially for teachers, school principals, and superintendents.
T h ere are also one-week and two-week courses w ith specific purposes. Correspondence courses, w ithout credit toward a degree, are available.
T h e inform ation contained in this Announcem ent applies specifically to the four-year course. Circulars describing the other courses referred to may be obtained on application to the Secretary of the College.
TH E FOUR-YEAR COURSE
O f all the vocations, agriculture is the largest and one o f the most important in the world. It encompasses not only farming but a wide range of related services that offer, and w ill continue to offer, challeng­ ing opportunities to young people of ability. Such young men and women, of proper background and ability, no matter whether their interests center in farming, in com mercial enterprise, in science and experimentation, or in education, may find them all represented in agriculture.
Farming, the basic occupation in the vast agricultural industry, at­ tracts those who enjoy operating their own businesses, w orking with their own hands in the production of crops and animals, and m anaging capital and a small amount of labor.
Services to farmers are m any and varied. T o visualize them as fields o f vocational interest for young people, it m ay help to th in k o f them as falling in three classifications. First are those of a com mercial nature, in ­ cluding the buying, selling, transportation, storage, processing, m anu­

facturing, advertising, and financing that are necessary to make the products of the farms available for human use in a great variety of forms. O f sim ilar type are the many enterprises that produce the m a­ chinery and other equipm ent, the feed, fertilizer, spray materials, and other supplies that the farm er uses in his business. Second, there are services of a d evelo p m en ta l nature, m eaning the experim ental work of scientists to develop a better understanding of our soils, plants, ani­ mals, and the products that are derived from them, and of hum an re­ lations. It is through the learning o f new truths and their application to the affairs of agriculture that improvements are made. Agriculture, broadly interpreted, presents a challenge and an opportunity to the best scientific ability. And, finally, there are educational services. T h e teaching of vocational agriculture in our high schools, the dissemina­ tion of agricultural inform ation through the various agencies of the A gricultural Extension Service, including the radio and the press, and the instruction of students at our agricultural institutes and colleges of agriculture are all services of an educational nature. T h ey provide an unusual range of opportunities for those who are interested in edu­ cational work.
T h e New Y ork State College of A griculture, in its program of instruc­ tion, recognizes the diversity of agriculture and the range of vocational and professional opportunities that have developed under the stimulus of scientific research. T o meet this situation, the requirements for grad­ uation from the C ollege are extrem ely flexible as they ap p ly to an in d ivid u al student. T h e purpose is to perm it each student to acquire a breadth of vision, combined with the necessary technical qualifications, that his objective requires. T h e College does not outline and publish a separate curriculum for each vocation, but within broad lim its each student may work out, in cooperation with a competent faculty adviser, a program of courses that meets his individual, or personal, situation.
T h e follow ing description of employment opportunities that are open to graduates of the College includes those in which former gradu­ ates have engaged as w ell as some o f the m ore recent fields o f em ploy­ ment that have resulted from new developments in the agricultural industry or from within the College itself. T h ey suggest some of the m ajor types of instruction that are available at the College.
A long list of specific occupations that graduates of the College have found available could be included, but that has not been done because experience shows that the objectives of students should not be too narrow, at least in the beginning. T h e inten tion is to po in t o ut some of the im portant and broad fields of agriculture for which the College offers training and in which graduates have found satisfactory oppor­ tunities for employment. M any different types of training and em­ ployment that represent a range of interests and qualifications are de­ scribed. T h ey may extend from strictly commercial business in agri­

culture to the highly specialized sciences in which the opportunity for service and reward are the equal of any to be found. Government service, private business, large corporations, and cooperative enterprise all are represented.
F A R M I N G . . .A first responsibility of the C ollege is to the you n g m en who plan to enter farming. A good living at satisfying work and an opportunity to contribute to community life await the graduates with the necessary farm experience and enough capital to operate a desirable farm. These young men take a general course in agriculture, with em­ phasis on the type of farm ing they plan to follow. A general course like­ wise fills the needs of others who may enter related fields until they have enough capital to buy or rent a farm. T h e im portant types of farming in New York State are dairy, livestock, poultry, fruit, vegetable, and general, with a small num ber of farms concentrating on other products because of special interests or special markets.
BUSINESS A N D I N D U S T R Y . . . Business and industry are calling more and more upon competent young persons with agricultural train­ ing, especially those businesses that market farm products and purchase and handle farm supplies.
T h e food industry is the most im portan t agricultural business in N ew Y ork State. It is m ade u p o f units o f all sizes and types, from small, individually owned establishments to some of our largest corporations and cooperatives. O f the various foods that make up the industry, m ilk w ith its products is the largest both in dollars and in the num ber of persons employed. T h e College works closely with the dairy industry in its instructional and research programs. T h e perishable nature of m ilk makes it im perative that the latest scientific m ethods be used in its m anufacture and distribution. T h is creates a demand for men with technical and scientific training both in the handling of m ilk and in the m anufacture and distribution o f such m ilk products as ice cream, butter, dry milk, and cheese. Since many who start in the dairy industry w ill eventually have m anagerial or administrative duties, the training, in addition to the basic sciences and technical subjects in dairy in­ dustry, may include courses in m arketing, accounting, economics, psy­ chology, sociology, and personnel adm inistration. Graduates are also sought in such related industries as poultry and egg m arketing and meat packing.
A committee of the New York State Canners and Freezers Associa­ tion, Incorporated, has cooperated with the College in the establish­ ment of a special program of instruction in the canning, preservation, freezing, and dehydration of fruits and vegetables. T h e Association will help to find sum m er em ploym ent for interested students as w ell as more permanent positions for them after graduation. Since the Associ­

ation seeks young men who w ill eventually become managers, training is designed to prepare students for plant, field, office, or sales work.
T h e business o f supplying feed for New York dairy cattle and poultry is o f m ajor im portance. It requires m en w ho know N ew Y o rk agricu l­ ture and, more particularly, who know feeds and the feed requirem ents of the various types of livestock. T h e production and the delivery of the right fertilizers, machinery, insecticides, and fungicides, and all other supplies used on our farms, require the services of qualified men. T h e y m ay need to be well-trained scientists, technicians, salesmen, pro­ m otional specialists, or plant operators, or to serve eventually as m an­ agers or in other administrative capacities.
A ll of these businesses and m any others in agriculture require a knowledge of financing, advertising, insurance, and other specialized services. Credit organizations, both private and governm ental, adver­ tising concerns, and insurance companies have employed graduates of the College. Farm-loan representatives have been employed by local banks, insurance companies, and the various branches of the Farm Credit Administration. Farm experience and the ability to work with people are valu able assets as qualifications for em ploym ent, along w ith a general training in agriculture, including agricultural economics.
T h e production and sale of flowers and ornam ental shrubs in New Y ork is an im portant and large business. M an y students w ho specialize in floriculture and ornam ental horticulture are sons and daughters of persons in the greenhouse or nursery business. Others who do not have that background but combine practical experience with their training find satisfactory opportunities upon graduation.
T h e College does not have a school of journalism , but it offers several courses in agricultural journalism , visual aids, and farm radio w riting and broadcasting. Job opportunities include editorial and staff posi­ tions on newspapers, farm papers, and farm magazines. In radio, agri­ cultural college graduates occupy positions as farm program directors and farm news writers for radio services in the state colleges through­ out the Nation.
H I G H S C H O O L T E A C H I N G . . .T h e r e is co n tin u in g need for young men qualified to teach agriculture in the high schools of the State. D uring the ten-year period prior to W orld W ar II, there was a rapid increase in the num ber of high-school departments of agriculture in New York State, and one of each five graduates of the College became a teacher of vocational agriculture. W ith the advent of the war, both teachers and students in training entered the armed services. T h is forced many high schools to discontinue the teaching of agriculture. Others were com pelled to em ploy, on a tem porary basis, teachers who did not meet fully the certification requirements of the State Educa­ tion Department. Y oung men who wish to enter this profession need

an extensive background of practical farm experience. In college, they pursue a general course in agriculture including the technical and pro­ fessional courses required for certification by the State Education D e­ partment. M any good teachers of agriculture have gone on to better teaching positions in the agricultural institutes of the State and to good job's elsewhere. T h e experiences gained through teaching have qualified a number of successful teachers of agriculture for im portant positions with business organizations.
Graduates of the C ollege o f A gricu ltu re also find positions as science teachers in high schools. T o qualify for this work, students need courses in the physical and biological sciences and mathematics, in related courses in agriculture, and in professional courses in education required by the State Education Department.
A G R IC U L T U R A L RESEARCH AN D H IG H ER E D U C A T IO N .. . Preparation for careers in agricultural research and higher education usually involves graduate study beyond the four-year course in agricul­ ture leading to the Degree of Bachelor of Science. Graduates of the C ol­ lege of Agriculture with superior records and sound background in basic subject m atter usually are accepted as graduate students in the institutions of their choice. T h ey frequently qualify for fellowships or assistantships which help to defray the costs of graduate study. C ur­ ricula which emphasize preparation for advanced study can be worked out w ith undergraduate advisers.
A G R I C U L T U R A L E X T E N S IO N S E R V I C E .. .T h e Extension Serv­ ices in 56 counties of the State offer a gratifyin g future to m en who would like to work with farmers and young people in furthering agri­ culture in the State. Each year agricultural graduates w ith adequate farm experience leave the College to become assistant county agri­ cultural agents or 4-H club agents.
W ILD LIF E C O N S E R V A T I O N . . . Opportunities in the conservation and m anagem ent of fish and w ildlife are found prin cip ally in p u b lic employment, w ith either the state or federal government. Occasionally, there are openings with museums and private foundations. T h e train­ ing in college emphasizes the biological sciences. T h e w ork is likely to consist chiefly of survey and research, but in recent years many management and administrative positions have been established. As such, the w ork is exactin g bu t of great interest to those scientists with a desire to develop and conserve our w ildlife resources and to help the people to understand them. T h e Department of Conservation at the College has printed material on training and employment opportuni­ ties in this field.
SOC IAL S E R V IC E .. . Another appeal for graduates of the College who have specialized in rural sociology is in the field of social service.

T h e Department of R ural Sociology cooperates with the State D epart­ m ent o f Social W elfare as w ell as w ith other governm ental agencies. T h e College does not prepare students for positions in social service which require professional or graduate training, but it does provide pre-professional instruction. Qualified graduates have received through the State Department of Social W elfare fellowships for training in rural child welfare.
F O R E I G N S E R V I C E . . .T h e international situation is such that the Federal Government provides opportunities in foreign service for qual­ ified graduates of the College of Agriculture. These may be in either the Office of Foreign Agricultural Relations in the Departm ent of Agriculture or in the Departm ent of State. As the program of the federal governm ent to extend our technical knowledge to less-developed countries expands, the demand for agricultural college graduates, with the proper training in agricultural science and in historical back­ grounds of the people of the countries where the program operates, w ill increase. Com mercial concerns in the business of im porting or ex­ porting agricultural products or supplies also em ploy graduates of the College. These opportunities, of course, are limited.
S T A T E A N D F E D E R A L CIVIL S E R V IC E ...S eve ra l agricultural agencies, both state and federal, em ploy their personnel from registers established by the New York State Departm ent of C ivil Service or the U nited States C ivil Service Commission. Positions w ith these organiza­ tions may be of a research, extension, regulatory, or adm inistrative nature. T o gain a place on C ivil Service registers, seniors or graduates take the appropriate exam inations w hich are announced from time to time, some of them annually.
DIRECTION S REGARDING CORRESPONDENCE
For admission to the freshm an class, to the two-year courses, or to ad­ vanced standing from other colleges and universities, all com munica­ tions should be addressed to the D irector of Admissions of Cornell University, Edmund Ezra Day Hall.
For enrollm ent in correspondence courses, communications may be addressed to the Supervisor of Study Courses in the College of A gri­ culture, Roberts Hall.
For admission to graduate work in agriculture and candidacy for advanced degrees, communications should be addressed to the Dean of the Graduate School, Edm und Ezra Day H all.
T h e General Inform ation booklet, giving details concerning admis­ sion, expenses, scholarships, and related subjects, may be obtained by writing to Cornell University Official Publication, Edm und Ezra Day H all. Announcem ents of the other colleges, schools, and departments

of the U niversity may also be obtained by w riting the Official Pub­
lication office.
T H E A PPLIC A T IO N FO R ADM ISSION
Adm ission to the C ollege is not sim ply a m atter of presenting certain specified entrance units. For both the applican t and the C ollege it is of the utmost concern that a proper choice of college work be made, and the College, therefore, in m aking its choice of students to be admitted, considers not only the school record subm itted but also any other avail­ able indications of probable success in the course the student proposes to take. For this reason the applicant should give, in addition to his formal school credentials, the fullest inform ation regarding his back­ ground and experience, the quality of his work, his resources for carry­ ing on and his own purposes in seeking a college education, so that the College may have a better basis for consultation and decision. Cor­ respondence regarding these matters is solicited, and, if it is at all pos­ sible, applicants should come to the College for an interview.
Prospective students who have neither lived on farms nor had con­ siderable practical experience in agriculture are urged to spend at least one year on a well-managed farm to familiarize themselves with com­ m on farm affairs and operation before entering College. T his experi­ ence w ill count toward the requirem ent in practice which is described
on pages 24 to 26. Every candidate for m atriculation must submit to the Director of
Admissions a satisfactory certificate of vaccination against smallpox, not later than A u gu st 1 if he is to be adm itted in September, or not later than January 1 if he is to be adm itted in February. It is accepted as satisfactory only if it certifies that w ithin the past five years a successful vaccination has been performed or three unsuccessful attempts at vac­ cination have been made. (For other health requirements, see the General Inform ation booklet.)
Candidates for admission to the four-year course must be at least six­ teen years of age. Students from other colleges or universities are re­ quired to furnish certificates of honorable dismissal from those insti­ tutions. T h e academic requirem ents may be satisfied by the presenta­ tion of New York State Regents credentials, or acceptable school certifi­ cates, or satisfactory ratings in the tests o f the C ollege E ntrance E x ­ amination Board. Candidates who have prepared for college in New York State should offer a report of State Regents Exam inations in subjects which are offered for entrance credit and in which Regents Examinations are scheduled at their schools.
Candidates for admission must file their applications and credentials at the office of the D irector of Adm issions, E dm und Ezra D ay H all. T h ey should be filed during the fall term of the senior year in high

school. Applications received after A p ril 1 w ill probably be at a dis­ advantage and ord inarily w ill not be accepted after June 1.

EN TRAN CE REQUIREM ENTS FOR TH E FOUR-YEAR COURSE

T h e subjects that may be offered for admission to the College of A g­ riculture are named in the follow ing list; the figures follow ing each subject indicate the value in entrance units and show the m axim um and the minim um amount of credit allowed in the subject. A unit represents five recitations a week for one year in a subject. In Drawing and Industrial Arts, 240 hours are required to earn one u n it and 120 hours to earn one-half unit.

E N G L ISH , 4 YEARS (req u ired of all e n te rin g students) .......................................... . . 4

FOREIGN LANGUAGES (modern and ancient)

French, first to fo u rth year 1, 2, 3, 4 Spanish, first to fo u rth year 1, 2, 3, 4

G erm an, first to fo u rth year 1, 2, 3, 4 G reek, first to th ird year 1, 2, 3

H ebrew , 1, 2, 3

L atin , first to fo u rth year 1, 2, 3, 4

Ita lia n , first to th ird year 1, 2, 3

(ylaIefnagrasu,afoagrleteshi.g)onuglhancgrueadgitewiisllobffeergerdanfoterdefnotrraanscien,gilte iyseadresoifrasbtuledytoinprneostenmtoaret ltehaasnt ttwwoo

MATHEM ATICS

E lem entary A lgebra .......................... I

Interm ediate A lg e b ra A dvanced A lgebra ..............................

\/21

P lan e G eom etry ..................................... 1
USolid G e o m e tr y ...................................... y2
P lane T rig o n o m e try ............................

SCIENCES

Biology .................................................... 1

B otany

i/£-l

C hem istry ............................................. 1

G eneral Science ................................... 1

Physical G e o g r a p h y ......................... y2- \
y2- \Physics ..................................................... 1
Zoology .................................................

(nIoftaaulsnoitbiencBouionltoegdy.)is offered, a half-unit in Botany and a half-unit in Zoology may

SOCIAL STU D IES, inclu d in g H istory (each course) .................................................. y9- \

VOCATIONAL SUBJECTS
A griculture ....................................... 1^-7 B ookkeeping ..................................... l ^ - l D raw ing .............................................. l ^ - l

H om e E c o n o m ic s ............................. In d u stria l A rts ..................................

Uy2~- 6l

ELECTIVES— any high school subject or subjects not already used and acceptable
y_<>to the U niversity ..............................................................................................................

For admission to the New York State College of Agriculture, an ap­ plicant must have completed a secondary-school course and must offer either A or B, as follows:
A . Sixteen units w hich must include English (4 units) and m athe­ matics (2 units). T h e rem aining units must be selected from the above list.

B. T h e New York State Vocational D iplom a in Agriculture, with the proviso that two units in mathematics are included.
A committee on admissions in the College of Agriculture reviews the credentials of each applicant. In m aking its decision the committee considers not only the nature of the subjects offered for admission and the quality of the work done in those subjects, all available indications of ability for and interest in the work of the course to be undertaken in the College, but the background, experience, character, and per­ sonality of the applicant. W h en it is considered advisable, the com ­ mittee may require an applicant to take the Scholastic Aptitude Test of the College Entrance Exam ination Board.
Prospective students who wish to m ajor in one of the sciences or to become research workers should offer adequate training in foreign
languages.
ADM ISSION W IT H AD VAN CED STA N D IN G
A student admitted to the College of Agriculture from another col­ lege in Cornell University, or from any other institution of collegiate rank, is regarded as h aving com pleted the num ber of terms and hours to which his records entitle him and receives all the privileges of stu­ dents who have com pleted the same num ber of terms and hours by residence in the College. N o more than fifteen semester hours of credit are allowed for one semester of work at another institution. T o obtain the degree of Bachelor of Science, however, a student must have com­ pleted the prescribed subjects in the four-year course and the requisite num ber of elective hours in agricultural subjects. H e must also have been in residence in the College of A griculture for his past two terms and have com pleted not less than fifteen hours a term, of w hich twothirds, at least, must be subjects taught by the staff of the College of Agriculture. Because advanced-standing credit may reduce the num ber of summers available for farm work after admission, these applicants are ordinarily held to satisfy a part or all of the practice requirem ent at entrance, depending upon the num ber of terms of residence for
which they are held. Credit toward a degree for work done in a preparatory school on sub­
jects that m ay be offered for entrance to the U niversity is given only to those students who, in addition to satisfying all entrance requirements, pass separate exam inations in the subjects for w hich they seek college credit. T h ese exam inations cover substantially the same grou nd as the university courses in the subject. A n applicant desiring a college-credit exam ination of this kind must apply to the Office o f Adm issions as early as possible, and in no case later than the day o f registration, specifying which sixteen units he intends to offer in satisfaction of the entrance re­ quirements, and on what other entrance subjects he wishes to be exam ­ ined for credit. If he fails to satisfy the entrance requirements in any

one or more o f the units on w hich he proposes to enter, but passes the credit exam ination in any other subject or subjects, he may use the latter toward satisfying entrance requirem ent, but in that case he can­ not also receive college credit for such subject or subjects.
A student who receives at entrance twelve or more hours of credit in addition to the requirem ents for admission m ay be regarded as h aving satisfied one term o f residence. U nd er no circumstances is surplus en­ trance credit based on extra work done in preparatory school accepted as the equ ivalent o f m ore than one term.
REQ U IREM EN TS FOR ADM ISSION OF SPECIAL STU D EN TS
O p p ortu n ity is provided for the adm ission o f students whose needs may not be well met by the organized curricula of the College. A p p li­ cants for admission to such special standing must present entrance cre­ dentials as other students do, and in addition they m ust present a de­ tailed statement of the program they desire to follow. T h ey must show that they have had recent farm experience or other experience qualify­ ing them for the special work they plan to do, and, unless they offer regular entrance, they must be twenty-one years of age.
Students having a first degree and desiring further undergraduate w ork m ay be adm itted as special students. T h e w ork o f such students is ordinarily lim ited to courses in the College of Agriculture; for work taken outside, tuition is charged at the rate p revailin g in the college where the w ork is done.
REQUIREM ENTS FOR TH E DEGREE OF B A C H E LO R OF SCIENCE
T h e requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science are residence for eight terms, except for those who m ake an average of 75 or above, and, in addition to the prescribed work in M ilitary T rain in g and in Physical T rain in g (outlined on page 97 and com pletely described in the A n nou ncem en t of the In d ep e n d e n t D ivisions and D epartm en ts), the com pletion o f 120 hours o f required and elective work, as outlin ed on page 26.
Freshmen are required to attend, during their first term, a course de­ signed to orient students in the life of the University and specifically to acquaint them with the scope and purpose of the courses of instruction in the College. T h e course meets once a week and carries one hour of credit.
TH E PRACTICE REQUIREM ENT
A ll m en students must satisfy a practice requirem ent. T h e purpose is to make certain that they shall have learned some of the skills and prac­ tices in farm ing or other occupations for which they are preparing and shall have gained some understanding of the related economic and social conditions that prevail, particularly with respect to farming.

C red it toward m eeting the requirem ent is measured in points which must be obtained according to the following schedule:
A minimum of twelve points required for registration in the sopho­ more year, all of which shall be earned from experience on a farm.
A minim um of twenty-four points required for registration in the
junior year. A m i n i m u m of forty points required for registration in the senior year. C red it is given for w ork done prior to college entrance and during vacations after m atriculation. M any students satisfy the full require­ ment at entrance because of having lived and worked on a farm and others because of a com bination of farm and other work experience that is acceptable in their specialization. Prospective students who have not had considerable practical experi­ ence in farm ing or in their intended field of specialization are urged to take advantage of every opportunity to gain such experience before en­ trance to college, even to the extent of spending a full year between high school and college in that way. T h e experience furnishes a back­ ground for much of the college instruction. Practice credit after en­ trance may normally be expected at the rate of about one point a week for satisfactory work. T h e am ount of credit is based on the nature and variety of work done and what was learned from the experience. Since regular N R O T C students are required to spend from six to eight weeks each summer on cruises or in aviation training, it is neces­ sary for those who register in the College of Agriculture to satisfy a m ajor part of the practice requirem ent at the time of admission. T h is should ord inarily am ount to not less than 25 o f the required 40 points of practice credit. Contract students should have no difficulty in find­ ing time to satisfy the practice requirem ent and also take the required cruise. (See the A n n o u n c e m e n t of th e I n d e p e n d e n t D iv isio n s a n d D e ­ partm ents for information about N R O T C .) C red it tow ard the practice requirem ent is given for w ork on a farm. In addition, students specializing in bacteriology, biochemistry, botany, dairy industry, entomology, floriculture and ornamental horticulture, food industry, nutrition, rural sociology, w ildlife conservation, or zo­ ology m ay be given credit for w ork in these fields, as follows: Students desiring to specialize in bacteriology, botany, dairy industry,
food industry, nutrition, w ildlife conservation, and zoology shall obtain a m inimum of one-third, and those specializing in bio­ chemistry and rural sociology a m inim um of two-thirds, of their practice credit from farm work. U p on their acceptance as special­ izing students and with the approval of the designated adviser for the specialization and of the Farm Practice Office, they may then complete the practice requirem ent by approved work in their field
of specialization. T h e practice requirem ent for students specializing in floriculture and

ornamental horticulture applies to both men and women. For these students, production work in greenhouses and nurseries may count toward satisfaction of the twelve points of credit required from farm work. T h e Department requires at least twenty points of credit from work in floriculture or ornamental horticulture. Students specializing in entomology must obtain the twelve points of credit from farm work required of all students for admission to the sophomore year; sixteen points from entom ological practice. A ll students who are specializing in one of the fields listed and who expect to use work in their specialization to satisfy a part of the practice requirement must consult the adviser concerned with regard to course and other requirem ents for acceptance as special­ izing students. Students are held for farm work to meet the practice requirem ent until the adviser for the specialized program officially notifies the Farm Practice Office and the Office of Resident Instruc­ tion o f their acceptance as specializing students. A fter m atricu la­ tion any additional farm experience that is required must precede the specialized experience. T h e practice requirem ent applies to m ale alien students just as it does to citizens of the U nited States, except that male aliens who ma­ triculated before September, 1950, are held o n ly for a requirem ent of twelve points of practice credit which must be obtained from farm work in this country. T h o se aliens who m atriculated in Septem ber, 1950, and those who m atriculate subsequently must meet the regular practice schedule as described for all m ale students. Prospective students and students who desire inform ation about any aspect of the practice requirem ent or want assistance in finding em ­ ploym ent on a farm should w rite or consult Professor S. R . Shapley, Farm Practice Office, Roberts H all, Ithaca, New York. T h e Departm ent concerned assists in finding em ploym ent for the specialized practice.
TH E COURSES LEADIN G T O TH E DEGREE OF B A CH ELO R OF SCIENCE
(R equired courses given in o th er colleges th an A griculture are described in the
A n n o u n c e m e n t o f th e C o lle g e o f A r ts a n d S c ie n c e s.)
Freshman O rien tation Course ..................................................................... 1 English, Introductory Course ..................................................................... 6 Botany, Biology, or Z o o lo g y ......................................................................... g Chem istry or Physics ...................................................................................... g
Geology 115 (the requirem ent may be waived for students present­ ing geology or earth science for entrance; in such a case 3 hours are added to the m inim um agricu ltu ral electives) ........................ 3
Basic sciences and social s t u d ie s ................................................................. 24 (N ot less than 9 hours and not less than 2 subjects under A and not less than 9 hours and 2 of the 4 subjects under B)

A. Biology, botany, zoology, entomology, bacteriology, physiol­ ogy, genetics, psychology, chemistry, physics, geology, phys­ ical geography, mathematics, meteorology, human growth and development, and biochemistry.
B. (1) Econom ics, (2) governm ent, (3) history, (4) rural soci­ ology, sociology and anthropology, and the interdepart­ m ental course in social science, except that courses under these headings in accounting and statistics may not be used.
Elective in the College of Agriculture (including any courses listed in this A n n o u n c e m e n t on pages 37 to 97, w ith exceptions specif­
ically n o t e d ) .................................................................................................... 54 Elective (either in Agriculture or in any other college in the U niver­
sity) ................................................................................................................... 20
T o ta l .....................................................................................................................120 Students who do not present chemistry for entrance are required to
take chemistry. Students who do not present physics for entrance are required to take
physics. A ll physically qualified undergraduate men who are Am erican citi­
zens must take m ilitary training d urin g their first four terms. E n ro ll­ ment in the basic course of M ilitary Science and Tactics or A ir Science and Tactics, or in the first two years o f N aval Science, satisfies this requirement. Students transferring to Cornell from other institutions are exem pt from part or all of the requirem ent, according to the num ­ ber of terms of residence in college before transfer, and service in the armed forces in W orld W ar II also satisfies the m ilitary training obliga­ tion. Entering students who have had R O T C training in secondary or m ilitary schools are requested to bring W D A G O Form 131 — Student’s Record for presentation to the M ilitary Department at the time of registration. (See also the A n n o u n cem en t of the In d e p e n d e n t D ivisions
and D ep a rtm en ts.) Credit either in the Basic Course in M ilitary or A ir Science and T a c ­
tics (four terms), or in the first four terms of N aval Science, does not count toward the 120 hours required for graduation in the C ollege of Agriculture.
A ll undergraduates must pursue four terms of work, three hours a week, in Physical Train ing. O rdinarily, this requirem ent must be com­ pleted in the first two years of residence; postponem ent is to be allow ed only by consent of the University Faculty Committee on Requirem ents for Graduation. Exem ption from this requirem ent may be made by the Com m ittee when it is recom m ended by the m edical office, by the Department of Physical Education, or because of unusual conditions of age, residence, or outside responsibilities. A n exem ption recommended by the Department of Physical Education shall be given only to stu­

dents who meet standards of physical condition established by the D e­ partment of Physical Education and approved by the Com m ittee on Requirements for Graduation. Students who have been discharged from the armed services may be exempted.
For students entering with advanced standing, the num ber of terms o f Physical T r a in in g requ ired is to be reduced by the num ber o f terms which the student has satisfactorily completed (whether or not Physical T rain in g was included in his program) in a college of recognized stand­ in g (see the A n n o u n c e m e n t of th e I n d e p e n d e n t D ivisio n s a n d D e p a r t ­ ments.)

BACH ELO R OF SCIENCE W IT H D ISTIN C TIO N
T h e degree of Bachelor of Science with distinction w ill be conferred upon those students who, in addition to having completed all the re­ quirements for the Bachelor of Science degree, shall have done all of their undergraduate work at Cornell University and have cumulative scholastic averages o f 85 or above; and upon those transfer students who have been in residence for at least two years and have cumulative averages of 88 or above.

REG ISTRATIO N FOR COURSES

T h e standard schedule for the freshman year must include the fol­ low ing courses:

Freshm an O rien tation Course ..................................................................... j

M ilitary T r a i n i n g ............................................................................................. 0

Physical T r a i n i n g ............................................................................................. 0

English, Introductory C o u r s e ....................................................................... 6

Botan y 1, B iology 1, or Zoology 103 and 1 0 4 .......................................... 6

Chem istry or Physics ...................................

6

E lective courses in the C ollege o f A g r ic u lt u r e ...................................... 6

Elective courses in the basic sciences, in social studies, or in courses

in the C ollege o f A g r ic u lt u r e ....................................................................3_6

In m aking his program, the student has the assistance of a faculty adviser, preferably from the field in which he expects to specialize. T h e adviser is ord in arily assigned to the new student for the first term, but fo llo w in g that he is chosen by the student.
A student must register for at least twelve hours each term, and no new student m ay register for m ore than eighteen hours in addition to the regular work in Physical T rain in g and M ilitary Training.
Failures in courses, either required or elective, taken outside the C o l­ lege of Agriculture are counted against the allotm ent of the twenty free hours that may be taken in any college.
If senior students who have met all requirements desire to take courses outside the College of A griculture in addition to those required or allow ed free, they m ay do so upon payin g for the additional hours

at the rate of tuition prevailing in the colleges where the courses are taken. Those with exceptional scholastic records and w ith the recom­ m endation of the departm ent in w h ich their m ajor w ork is done may be permitted to elect, w ithout additional payment, up to ten hours in basic science outside the College of A griculture beyond the twenty hours normally allowed for election in any college.
Courses in Advanced R O T C may be taken, in addition to the twenty hours of free electives outside the College, without payment for those
excess hours. T o be eligible for the degree, the student must maintain an average
grade of at least 70 for the entire course.

COURSES IN A G R IC U L T U R E OPEN T O FRESHM EN

Agricultural Economics 2 A gricu ltu ral Engineering 1, 21,
31, 40 Agronomy 2 A nim al H usbandry 1, 10, 50, 60,
70, 90 Bacteriology 3 Biology 1 Botany 1 Conservation 1, 2, 3, 9

D raw ing (mechanical) 1, 5 (freehand) 10, 11
Entom ology 10 Floriculture and Ornamental Hor-
ticulture 1, 2, 5 Food Science and T echnology 1 Meteorology 1 Orientation 1 Pomology 1 P ou ltry H usbandry 1, 30, 50 V egetable Crops 3, 22

Combined Courses
PROFESSIONAL A G RICULTU RAL ENGIN EERING
A J O IN T program between the Colleges of Agriculture and Engi­
neering at Cornell University leads to the degree of Bachelor of A gricultural Engineering at the end of five years. Students in this pro­ gram register in the College of A griculture during the first four years but take courses in the Colleges of Engineering, Arts and Sciences, and Agriculture. In the fifth year the registration is in the College o f E n gi­ neering which recommends the candidates to the Trustees of the U n i­ versity for the degree.
Applicants for admission must meet the academic entrance require­ ments o f the C ollege o f Engineering. T h ese inclu de English (4 units), elem entary and interm ediate algebra (2 units), plane geom etery (1 unit), and trigonom etry (i/2 unit). A foreign language (2 units) or his­ tory (2 units); advanced algebra (i/2 unit) or solid geom etry (i/2 unit); and chem istry (1 unit) or physics (1 unit) m ust also be offered. It is strongly recommended that at least 3 o f the elective units to make up the balance o f 16 be in language or history. A p p lican ts are also advised to offer advanced algebra rather than solid geom etry, when a choice is possible.
E ach candidate for adm ission is required to take the Scholastic A p ti­ tude T est of the College Entrance Exam ination Board and to request the Board to report the results to the Director of Admissions, Cornell U niversity. Candidates are urged to take the tests in January o f their senior year.
Since it is the purpose of this curriculum to train engineers for agri­ culture in its m any relationships o f buildings, soil and water manage­ ment, machinery, m anufacturing and processing of agricultural prod­ ucts and supplies, drainage, irrigation, and so on, evidence of interest in and background for engineering w ork in agriculture is a qu alifica­ tion for admission that is given careful consideration. O n ly a lim ited num ber of students are adm itted to the program, and agricultural ex­ perience and the quality of the academic preparation are im portant criteria in the selection of applicants.
T h e curriculum includes basic work in biology, mathematics, physics, and chemistry; a well-rounded selection of courses in engineering science and technology, including agricultural engineering; courses in soils, crops, farm management, and other subjects in agriculture; and general studies to provide a broad and useful training.
Charges for tuition and fees, d uring the first four years in the cur­ riculum , are the same as outlined on page 33, except that students in

this com bined course are required to take more courses outside the College of Agriculture than are perm itted to other students and for w hich they must pay, on a credit-hour basis, as soon as the regular al­ lowance has been used up. T h e amount of the charge depends upon the specific courses that are taken b u t is approxim ately a total o f $1000 for residents of the State who are eligible for free tuition. T h e addi­ tional charge for the excess out-of-college instruction in the case of non-residents, who pay the regular tuition o f $150 a term, is a p p roxi­ m ately $600. Paym ent for the excess hours begins in the fourth term, but the m ajor part is paid in the third and fou rth years. In the fifth year these students are subject to the tuition and fees charged in the College of Engineering, w hich at present are $375 for tuition and $67.50 for fees each term.
A six-week summer session, between the fou rth and fifth years, is spent in field study. R egu lar summer session tuition is charged.
Students in the agricultural engineering curriculum must satisfy the practice requirem ent of the C ollege of A gricu ltu re by w ork on farms, as described on pages 24 to 26 of this Announcem ent.
In applying for admission the applicant should indicate in the appli­ cation, which should be sent to the D irector of Admissions, that he wants to enter the College of Agriculture for the join t program, with the College of Engineering, in agricultural engineering.
W IT H BUSINESS AND PUBLIC A D M IN ISTRA TIO N
Undergraduate students in the College of Agriculture, who are prop­ erly qualified, may enroll in their fourth year, in a joint program with the School of Business and Public Administration, leading to the regu­ lar Bachelor of Science degree from the College of Agriculture, at the end of that year, and to the Master of Business Adm inistration or the Master of Public Adm inistration, from the School of Business and Public Administration, at the end of the fifth year. A careful selection of courses is necessary if the two degrees are to be earned in five years, so a student who is interested should plan his program w ith the help of the designated faculty adviser, beginning w ith the sophomore year. If the decision to enroll is not m ade u n til later, consultation w ith the adviser is necessary to determ ine w hether the requirem ents for the two degrees can be m et in five years or if a longer tim e is needed.
T h e opportunity to receive these two degrees in five years, when the norm al tim e is six years, is made possible by the inclusion in the fourthyear schedule of certain courses from the Departm ent of Agricultural Economics that may be acceptable in lieu of certain first-year require­ ments by the School of Business and Public Adm inistration. Similarly, the Faculty of Agriculture accepts up to nine hours of courses in Busi­ ness and P u b lic A dm inistration in the fourth year tow ard the satisfac­ tion of the requirem ent in the social studies. These substitutions are

allowed only to those who have been accepted for admission by the School of Business and Public Adm inistration and who have their schedules approved by the College of Agriculture faculty adviser for this program.
In the fifth year the student registers only in the School of Business and Public Adm inistration. T h e program of that year consists o f certain core subjects that are taken by all students in Business or Public A d ­ m inistration and of concentrated study in a sector of the field of agri­ cultural management. T h e specific courses to be taken depends upon the special interest of the student and the particular option that he chooses. Options that have been listed include:
Management of farm cooperatives Agricultural credit administration Agricultural industries Agricultural marketing Public policy and the administration of government agricultural
programs M anagement of natural resources D uring the first four years these students are subject to the tuition re­ quirements of the College of A griculture and in the fifth year to those of the School of Business and Public Adm inistration. For further details about this join t program reference should be made to the A n nou n cem en t of the School of Business and P u blic A d ­ ministration.
W ITH TH E SCHOOL OF N U TRITIO N
A plan between the College of Agriculture and the School of N utri­ tion permits students of Agriculture, who qualify, to enroll in a com­ bined curriculum leading to the regular degree from the College of Agriculture, at the end of the fourth year, and the degree of Master of N utritional Science or Master of Food Science, at the end o f the fifth year. T o meet the requirem ents for the two degrees in five years, instead of the normal time of six years, the student in A griculture should start planning his program with the adviser for students of nu trition not later than the end o f the freshm an year. D u rin g the first four years of this program, students are subject to the tuition require­ ments of the College of A griculture and in the fifth year to those of the School of Nutrition.
W ITH T H E VETERINARY COLLEGE
Students who do their preveterinary work in the College of A gricul­ ture and are accepted by the College of Veterinary M edicine at Cornell U niversity sometimes qualify for degrees from both colleges. T h is takes about seven years and is ord in arily done by spending the first three years in A griculture followed by four in Veterinary M edicine, includ­ ing a com bined registration in A griculture during one or two years.

Payments to the University
TUITION
T U IT IO N is free to undergraduate students pursuing full or special courses in the New York State College of Agriculture, who at the time of their matriculation are, and for at least twelve months prior thereto have been, bona fide residents of the State of N ew York.
Since physical presence in the State, especially for persons under age, by no means constitutes legal residence, applicants who are at all doubt­ ful of their own right to exem ption should address inquiries in advance to the Director of Resident Instruction in the College of Agriculture.
No student is allowed to transfer from any free-tuition course to an­ other course in Cornell University, where tuition is charged, without first paying the difference in tuition for the credit transferred.
Students in Agriculture who are not exempt under these provisions are required to pay tuition of $150 a term. Tuition-paying students transferring from the College of Agriculture to other colleges in the University must first make payment for the difference in tuition for the credit transferred.
Senior students desiring to take, while registered in the College of Agriculture, courses in other colleges in the University, beyond those specifically required and also beyond the twenty hours allowed free, may do so upon payment of tuition for the additional hours at the rate of tuition in the college in which the work is taken.
T uition and other fees become due when the student registers. T he University allows twenty days of grace after the last registration day of each term of the regular session. T h e last day of grace is printed on the registration card which the student is required to present at the Treas­
urer’s office. Any student, graduate or undergraduate, except as hereinafter pro­
vided, who fails to pay his tuition fees and other indebtedness within the time prescribed by the University is thereby dropped from the U n i­ versity. W hen in his judgm ent the circumstances in a particular case so warrant it, the Treasurer may allow an extension of time to complete payments. For such extension, the student is assessed a fee of $2. A re­ instatem ent fee of $5 is assessed in the case of any student who is per­ m itted to continue or return to classes after being dropped from the University for default in payments. For reasons satisfactory to the Treasurer and the Registrar, which must be presented in writing, the above assessment may be waived in any individual case. If the student

withdraws, University fees are charged on the basis of 10 per cent for each week or fraction thereof in attendance.
Any tuition or other fee may be changed by the Board of Trustees to take effect at any time without previous notice.

FEES A N D IN ST R U C T IO N A L EXPENSES
A D E P O S IT OF $45 must be paid after the applicant has received
notice o f provisional acceptance. A t the tim e of the first registration in the University, the deposit is used to cover m atriculation charges, provides for certain graduation expenses, and establishes a fund for undergraduate and alum ni class activities.

A D E P O S I T OF $30 is required for a uniform , payable at registration
in the first term, in the Basic Course in M ilitary Science and Tactics.
Most of this deposit is returned as earned uniform allowance upon com ­ pletion of the Basic Course.

A U N IV E R S IT Y A N D C O L L E G E C O M P O S IT E FEE of $70.00 is

required of every student at the follow ing services: (1)

Htheeabl tehg ins enrivnigc eos f

aeancdh

mteerdmi .c aTlh icsa rfee.e

covers These

services are centered in the University Clinic or out-patient department

and in the Cornell Infirmary or hospital. Students are entitled to un­

lim ited visits at the Clinic; laboratory and X-ray exam inations indi­

cated for diagnosis and treatment; hospitalization in the Infirmary with

medical care for a maximum of fourteen days each term and emergency

surgical care. T h e cost for these services is included in the College and

smUenrevmivicbeeersrs,istshyeiepg.tehnWeeriGallleanrfeeder.aSlFtrIoanrifgfouhrrtmtHhaetariloldneistbaotihlosek, lsienttu.cdl(ue2dn) itWnuginlcliahorandr;gSeetsarcafhoigrshsttpuHedceainaltll

shares in the common privileges afforded by the operation of W illard

sSaCegtorrevlarliesicggeohesft.s.(tH5h(4)ea)PlHlUh, aynssluiliv.cbea(jr3els)cirtteLyctaroabedoarmrteiagiontunoil.rsaytEtriaasocetnihrosvnimacepaasplnerfdoosrtevunecdddoeounbwrtyseeidssthetceanoktlBlieteonlgeaedirndltaotbohotfehraMeSttouaarstnyee­

of the gymnasium and the university playgrounds, and to the use of a

locker, bathing facilities, and towels in the gymnasium, Barton Hall, or

the Schoellkopf Memorial Building; and each woman student to the use

of the wom the use of a

elonc’skgery.m(6n)asSituumd

e,

nrtecarcetaivtiitoinesr. oTohmes,feaenhdeplplasytgorpouronvdisd,eafnudndtos

for worthy student organizations as approved by the Board of Trustees

on recommendation of the Student Council.

B O O K S, instruments, and instructional supplies may cost from $25 to
$50 a term.

Every student is held personally responsible for any injury done by
him to any of the U niversity’s property. Assessments, charged to the student’s account and payable at the
Treasurer’s office, are levied upon the student in certain circumstances, under the following rules of the University: (1) A matriculated student desiring to register after the close of registration day must first pay a fee of $5. (2) A student desiring to take an exam ination or other test for the completion of a course in which the grade “absent” or “incom plete” was reported must first pay a fee of $2 for each exam ination or other test. (3) A student desiring to make an appointm ent for the required medical exam ination or conference after twenty days from the last reg­ istration day of the term must pay a fee of $2.
For reasons satisfactory to the proper authority, any of the abovem entioned assessments may be waived in any individual case if the student’s failure to comply with the regulation was due to ill health or to any other reason beyond his control. Application for such a waiver should be made to the Secretary of the College, or, in the case of the medical examination, to the Director of the Student H ealth Service.

LIVING ACCOMMODATIONS
F O R M E N . . .A pproxim ately 2600 spaces are available in the m en’s

Residential Halls. These rooms are in both temporary and permanent

dormitories, and accommodate one, two, or three persons. A ll rooms are

completely furnished, including bedding and bed linen. T he range of

prices in the temporary units is from $182 to $240 a year; in the per­

manent units, from $248 to $355 a year. Application for rooms w ill be

accepted
Odecntot bsehro

u1aldfftoenrrottJhaaenssusueammryeestt1ehrafotbraedgtmihneinssifniooglnloiwntoinFthgebe raUucaanrdiyve.emrAsicitpyyreoaasurptoeamcntaidvteicaasftlteluyr­

reserves a space for him in the dormitories, and it is not necessary to

wait until actual admission before applying for a room. A form for

filing application will be furnished, on request, by the Director of

Residential Halls, Edmund Ezra Day H all, Cornell University, Ithaca,

New York. N o dining rooms are operated in the m en’s R esidential Halls, but

meals are obtainable at any of the cafeterias or dining rooms on the

campus, or in the restaurants and cafeterias within the city. From $12

to $16 a week is the m inim um allowance recom m ended for meals, and

some students spend more than that. Off-campus housing may be obtained in private homes and rooming

houses. W hile most of these are on East H ill and adjacent to the

campus, some are downtown. Prices of off-campus accommodations

range, in general, from $6 to $10 weekly for single rooms, and from $10

to $14 weekly for double rooms. T h e number of privately owned homes

that offer both room and board is few, and the majority of students living in them utilize the same eating places as outlined for use of men living in Residential Halls.
T h e University publishes each year a list of off-campus residences that have been inspected and found to have good sanitary arrange­ ments, adequate fire protection, and both satisfactory furniture and living conditions. If a student rents a room not on this list, he should make sure, through personal inspection, that these requirem ents are satisfactory.
Students planning to live off-campus are advised to come to Ithaca prior to registration to complete room arrangements. Students are usu­ ally requested to sign contracts for the full college year, and the details of such agreements should be clearly understood at the outset.
Inquiries on off-campus housing should be addressed to the OffCampus H ousing Office, Departm ent of R esidential Halls, Edm und Ezra Day H all, Cornell University, Ithaca, N ew York.
FOR W O M E N . . .A ll undergraduate women students, with the excep­
tion of those who live at home, are required under university policy to live in university residences. These residences consist of dormitories (Residential Halls for W omen) and sororities. Exceptional circum­ stances that seem to make living outside these buildings necessary should be referred to the Dean of W omen, Edmund Ezra Day Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, N ew York.
T h e residence charge in the dormitories is $447.50 a term, or $895 a year, and the contract between the student and R esidential H alls Office includes board, an allowance of personal laundry, and rent of furnished room with heat and light.
Room applications for residence in University dormitories are not considered unless filed on an official room application blank. Such blanks are enclosed by the Office of Adm issions in their letters notify­ ing candidates of acceptance to the University. Requests for informa­ tion on dormitories should be addressed to the Director of Residential Halls, Edmund Ezra Day Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, N ew York.
T he Dean of W omen has jurisdiction over all women students in the University, and the prospective students are requested to write to her for information concerning matters in which they may need assistance.

Departments of Instruction
W ITH OUTLINES OF COURSES T H A T MAY BE CHOSEN BY REGULAR OR SPECIAL STU DENTS AS AG RICULTU RAL ELECTIVES
Special notice. Unless otherwise noted, all courses are given in the buildings of the College of Agriculture. Courses enclosed in brackets will not be given in 1954-55.
Courses numbered from 1 to 99 are open to undergraduates generally; courses numbered from 100 to 199 are intended primarily for upperclassmen and' graduates; courses numbered from 200 up are intended primarily for graduates.
O R IE N T A T IO N
1. O R I E N T A T I O N . Fall terra. Credit one hour. Required of all freshmen in Agriculture. One hour a week, to be arranged. Rooms to be announced.
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
FARM MANAGEMENT
102. F A R M M A N A G E M E N T . Spring term. Credit five hours. N ot open to fresh­ men. T his course should be preceded by as many as possible of the courses dealing with the production of crops and animals. Lectures, M W F 10. Warren 45. Labora­ tory: for undergraduate students, T W T h or F 2-4; for graduate students, F 4-6. Warren 101. On days when farms are visited the laboratory period is from 2-6.
Professor W a r r e n .
A study of the organization and operation of the farm from the point of view of efficiency and continuous profit; farm records, farm business analysis, factors affecting profits, size of business, choice of enterprises, partnership arrangements, getting started in farming, planning the organization and management of specific farms. One all-day trip and five half-day trips are taken to visit farms in near-by regions.
103. F A R M C O S T A C C O U N T I N G . Fall term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 102. Lectures, W F 8. Warren 160. Laboratory, F 2-4. Warren 60. Brief
weekly conferences to be arranged. Associate Professor K e a r l .
Cost-accounting methods and procedures as applied to farms. T h e course con­ siders the organization of accounts; methods of recording information; methods of depreciation determination; methods of cost allocation; summarization and analysis of accounts; making financial and operating statements; and studying farm businesses from the standpoint of management and research.
104. A D V A N C E D F A R M M A N A G E M E N T . Spring term. Credit three hours.
Prerequisite, course 102. F 2-4, S 8-10. Warren 160. Professor C u n n in g h a m .
Advanced study of the organization and operation of major types of farms in different regions of New York State, with particular reference to land, market, and other resources. Some trips are taken, leaving Friday m orning and returning Saturday night. Approximate transportation expense for trips, to be collected from each student, is $15.

[105. F A R M L A B O R . Fall term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 102. P rofessor----------- .] N ot given in 1954-55.
Importance of farm labor, effect of farm organization, farm-labor management, and governmental programs on productivity of farm labor; consideration of wages, hours, accidents and insurance, housing, migrant labor, social security, and other problems.
207. M E T H O D S OF R E S E A R C H I N F A R M M A N A G E M E N T . Fall term. Credit two hours. Open only to graduate students. T h 4-6. Warren 160. Assistant Professor
St a n t o n .
A discussion of research problems in farm management. Opportunity is given to study special problems suggested by members of the group.
PRICES
Attention is directed to courses in mathematics and statistics in the Colleges of Arts and Sciences and Engineering and in the School of Industrial and Labor Relations.
115. P R IC E S. Spring term. Credit three hours. O pen to juniors, seniors, and graduate students. Lectures, T T h 9. Laboratory, W 2-4. Warren 45. Professor
A study of the factors affecting the prices of farm products.
BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Attention is directed to the courses in administrative engineering in the College of Engineering, in economics in the College of Arts and Sciences, and in adminis­ tration in the School of Hotel Administration.
121. F I N A N C I A L S T A T E M E N T S . Fall term. Credit three hours. Lectures, M W
11. Warren 245. Laboratory, M or T 2-4. Warren 201. Doctor F it z g e r a l d .
A comprehensive survey of basic accounting principles followed by analysis and interpretation of financial statements.
[122. A C C O U N T I N G M E T H O D . Spring term. Credit three hours. T w o lectures and one laboratory period a week.] N ot given in 1954-55.
For persons who wish to understand the records and procedures commonly used in keeping accounts of cooperatives and other businesses; recording business trans­ actions and deriving financial statements; analysis of costs and budgets.
126. F A R M E R S ' C O O P E R A T I V E S . Fall term. Credit three hours. Lectures, M W
10. Warren 45. Discussions, W or T h 2-4. Warren 145. Professor H e d l u n d .
W hat cooperatives are, what they have tried to do, and what they have done; their special problems of organization, finance, and control.
127. BU SINE SS L A W . Fall term. Credit three hours. Lectures M W F 9. Warren
231. Lim ited to upperclassmen. Mr. T r e m a n .
Consideration is given chiefly to legal problems of particular interest to persons who expect to engage in business, including contracts, liens, mortgages, and nego­ tiable instruments, ownership and leasing of property; wills; estates; inheritance taxation; and other practical problems.
[226. R E S E A R C H M E T H O D S A N D P R O B L E M S I N T H E F IE L D OF F A R M E R S ’ CO O P E R A T IV E S. Fall term. Given in alternate years. Credit two hours. Open to graduate students who have had courses 126 and 240 or their equivalents. Professor
H e d l u n d .] Not given in 1954-55.
A study of research problems in this field, review of the literature, and considera­ tion of some fundamental problems of cooperatives.

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCE
A ttention is directed to the courses in Government and to Economics 502 (Fed­ eral Public Finance) in the College of Arts and Sciences.
1 3 0 . T H E R U R A L C IT IZ E N A N D H IS G O V E R N M E N T . Fall term. Credit three hours. T T h 9 . Warren 1 4 5 . T h 2 - 4 . Warren 2 0 1 . Professor L u t z .
Government in the United States (local, state, and federal) as it concerns a rural citizen of New York and his part in it. A survey of services or programs performed by government on behalf of its citizens, the ways in which the costs of such services are met, and how government is organized to perform them. Problems which stu­ dents have the opportunity to exam ine include: what services should be expanded or curtailed, how their costs should be met, how government efficiency may be im ­ proved, and the role of the citizen in arriving at answers to the foregoing problems. Conduct of the course is intended to promote student participation as citizens and, for this reason, includes oral and written reports by students, student discussion and demonstration, and at least two Thursday afternoon field trips.
138. T A X A T I O N . Fall term. Credit three hours. O pen to juniors, seniors, and
graduate students. Lectures, M W F 11. Plant Science 233. Professor K e n d r ic k .
A study of the principles and practices of public finance, with emphasis on tax­ ation. Among the topics exam ined are the growth of public expenditures and its causes; historical changes over tim e in sources of revenue; and property, inherit­ ance, business, and personal income taxation.
236. P R O B L E M S I N P U B L I C A D M I N I S T R A T I O N . Fall term. Credit three hours.
Primarily for graduate students. T 4-6. Warren 156. Professor L u t z .
Attention is given to a number of problems in public adm inistration, w ith special reference to New York, including state and local planning, personnel administration, financial administration, and administrative organization.
237. A D M I N I S T R A T I O N OF PU BLIC A G R I C U L T U R A L P R O G R A M S. Spring term. Credit two hours. Primarily for graduate students. F 2-4. Warren 360. Pro­
fessor L u t z .
An examination of existing governmental organization for administering and financing public agricultural programs; a study of some problems of administration and finance, including organization of agencies, management of personnel, budget­ ary management, inter-agency relationships (federal, state, and local), and relation­ ships among federal, state, and local levels of government. Course 130 or one or more courses in government and public administration are desirable but not re­ quired before taking this course.
M A R K ETIN G
140. M A R K E T I N G . Spring term. Credit three hours. Lectures, M W F 1 1 , except for weeks when field trips are taken, then M F 11. Warren 45. Field trips begin
after spring recess, T W or T h 1:30—5:30. Professor D a r r a h .
A study of how farm products are marketed. Special attention is given to the con­ sum ption of farm products, the factors that affect consum ption, production areas, market channels, the operation of different marketing agencies, marketing services, and costs. One all-day and five half-day trips are taken to visit farms and marketing agencies.
1 4 2 . M A R K E T I N G F R U I T S A N D VEG ETAB LE S. Fall term. Credit four hours. Lectures, M W F 9 . Laboratory, W or F 2 - 4 . Warren 2 4 5 . Professor R a s m u s s e n .
A study of the economic factors involved in the marketing of fruits and vegetables; regional and seasonal competition; areas of distribution; m ethods of handling; costs of marketing; types of marketing organizations; sales methods; transportation and

carrier services; produce law and methods of credit ratings; term inal problems; aspects of retailer- and consumer-demand.
143. P R I C I N G A N D D I S T R I B U T I O N OF M A R K E T M I L K . Spring term. Credit
three hours. Lectures and discussion, M W F 9. Warren 245. Professor Sp e n c e r .
Intended especially for students who plan to operate dairy farms or to work with farmers; also for students majoring in dairy industry and agricultural business.
How milk is utilized; the marketing system for fluid milk; marketing services and marketing agencies; how the price paid by consumers is allocated to producers and to middlemen; principles and practices of pricing milk to dealers and to con­ sumers; ways of distributing returns to producers; pricing objectives, and factors to be considered in determining the proper level of prices; how production and con­ sumption of milk respond to changes in price; classified prices; pooling; seasonal pricing plans; differentials for location, quality, and other factors; the role of co­ operatives in milk pricing; federal and state regulation of milk prices.
1 4 4 . M A R K E T I N G EGGS A N D P O U L T R Y . Fall term. Credit two hours. Open to graduate students and undergraduate students who have had course 1 4 0 . Lecture and discussion, T T h 1 1 . Warren 2 4 5 . Professor D a r r a h .
A detailed study of the marketing of poultry and eggs. Specific topics to be em pha­ sized include the demand for poultry and eggs, price relationships, markets, sales­ manship, interregional com petition, and efficiency in marketing.
[146. D A I R Y O R G A N I Z A T I O N A N D M A N A G E M E N T . Spring term. Credit two hours. Given in alternate years. Intended especially for students majoring in dairy
industry and in agricultural business. Professor Sp e n c e r .] N ot given in 1954-55.
Major divisions of the dairy industry; trade associations and their functions; recent developments and trends in trade channels and marketing organization; managem ent problems of milk dealers and cooperatives; ways to increase efficiency and to reduce costs in handling, processing, and distributing milk.
Some of the lectures are given by leaders in different branches of the dairy industry.
147. M A R K E T I N G I N S T I T U T I O N S . Spring term. Credit two hours. Enrollment lim ited to 40. F 8. Warren 245. Professor B r u n k .
Economic functions performed by various types of specialized marketing agencies, with an emphasis on their physical operating patterns. Four days of spring vacation are spent in New York City inspecting and studying the marketing of dairy products, eggs, poultry, fruits, vegetables, livestock, and meat. Total cost of the trip need not exceed $50 in addition to transportation to and from N ew York.
240. I N T R O D U C T I O N T O M A R K E T I N G R E S E A R C H . Fall term. Credit two hours. Enrollment limited to seniors and graduate students. W 4-6 p.m. Warren 260. Professor B runk.
Objectives of marketing research; organization of research agencies; selecting and planning projects; preliminary investigation procedures; surveys; experimental designs; methods engineering; case studies; field and office supervision; preparation of reports; and application of results.
245. A N A L Y S IS OF R E C E N T A N D C U R R E N T R E S E A R C H I N T H E M A R K E T ­ IN G OF F R U I T S A N D V EG ET AB LE S. Fall term. Credit two hours. Given in alternate years. Open to graduate students majoring in marketing, business manage­ ment, pomology, vegetable crops, and related fields; and to seniors who have made good records in M arketing 142 and related courses. Students m ust consult instructor
for permission to register. W 4-6. Warren 248. Professor R a sm u ssen .
Studies of recent and current research projects, with emphasis on analysis of research methods used, results obtained, and application of findings.

[246. S E M I N A R O N E C O N O M IC P R O B L E M S I N M A R K E T I N G OF D A I R Y P R O D U C T S. Spring term. Credit two hours. Given in alternate years. Consult
instructor for permission to register. Professor Sp e n c e r .] N ot given in 1954-55.
Selected problems are studied, and plans for solving them through research are developed. Methods and results of previous research on these problems are reviewed.
AGRICULTURAL POLICY
151. P U B L I C P R O B L E M S OF A G R I C U L T U R E . Fall term. Credit three hours. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students. Lectures, T T h 9. Discussions: for undergraduate students, T h 2-4; for graduate students, W 2-4. Warren 160. Assistant
Professor R o b in s o n .
A review of the economic characteristics of agriculture as an industry and the problems associated with agriculture which are likely to call for collective action. Federal farm programs suggested or enacted during recent decades are analyzed. Among the topics discussed are farm price supports, land tenure, credit arrange­ ments, and soil-conservation programs.
250. P R O B L E M S I N R E SO U R C E A L L O C A T I O N . Fall term. Credit three hours. O pen to graduate students. Lectures, M W F 12. Warren 160. Assistant Professor
R obinson.
A review of economic theory applicable to resource allocation problems and various types of models used in deriving input-output relationships, substitution relationships, demand and supply relationships, and the like. Current empirical studies relating to resource allocation problems in agriculture are critically analyzed.
252. S E M I N A R I N P U B L IC P R O B L E M S OF A G R I C U L T U R E . Spring term. Credit two hours. Open to graduate students who have had course 151 or the
equivalent. M 2-4. Warren 160. Assistant Professor R o b in s o n .
A discussion of current agricultural problems that involve collective or government action, and the proposals of leading economists for dealing with such problems. Special attention is given to techniques of analyzing public-policy issues.
AGRICULTURAL GEOGRAPHY AND LAND ECONOMICS
2. A G R I C U L T U R A L G E O G R A P H Y . Fall term. Credit four hours. Open to fresh­ men. Lectures, M W F 9 or 11. Warren 45. Discussion: undergraduate students, W T h or F 2-4 or W or T h 7-9 p.m.; graduate students, F 4-6. Warren 345. Assistant
Professor M e l l o r .
Historical perspective on present-day agriculture; adjustment of agriculture to natural and to economic environment; crop and livestock production in New York State, the United States, and other countries; interregional trade in agricultural products.
*160. FOOD ECONOMICS. Spring term. Credit three hours. Designed especially for students in the School of Nutrition and in the College of Home Economics. Not open to students in the College of Agriculture except by permission of the in ­
structor. Lectures and discussion, M W F 8 . Savage 100. Professor D e G r a f f .
Economic aspects of food, including production, distribution, and consumption, with special emphasis on the economics of diet.
181. A G R I C U L T U R A L L A N D E C O N O M IC S. Spring term. Credit three hours. Primarily for juniors, seniors, and graduate students. For undergraduates, courses 2 and 102 should precede or accompany this course. Lectures, T T h 8. Warren 145. Discussion and laboratory, primarily for undergraduate students, T h 2-4; primarily for graduate students, T 2-4. Warren 160. W hen field trips are taken, the laboratory
period is from 1 to 5:30. Associate Professor C o n k l in .

Physical land variability; systems of physical land classification; fundamental economic concepts; traditional and revised theories of land use and farming returns; systems of economic land classification; patterns of change in land use; the effect of institutional arrangements upon land use; problems of conservation; and factors involved in land-policy formation. T w o field trips are taken.
2 8 0 . S E M IN A R I N A G R I C U L T U R A L G E O G R A P H Y. Spring term. Credit two hours. Open only to graduate students. Registration by permission. W 7 :3 0 p.m. Warren 3 5 0 . Professor D e G r a f f .
Consideration of basic problems of comparative agriculture and of population and the food supply. Specific topics vary from year to year.
281. SPECIAL P R O B L E M S I N A G R I C U L T U R A L L A N D ECONOM ICS. Fall or spring term. Credit one or more hours. Open only to graduate students. Prerequisite,
course 181 and permission of the instructor. Associate Professor C o n k l in .
Special work on any subject in the field of land economics that is of particular interest to the student. T he student normally is expected to prepare a report on his work that is suitable for mimeograph reproduction and distribution.
282. I N T R O D U C T I O N T O M E T H O D S OF R E S E A R C H I N A G R I C U L T U R A L L A N D ECONOMICS. Spring term. Credit three hours. Open only to graduate students. Courses 181 and 207 and at least three hours of statistics should precede or accompany this course. S 9-12. One or more field trips, S 9-6. Associate Professor
C onklin.
A critical discussion of research in agricultural land economics.
FARM FINANCE AND FARM APPRAISAL
184. F A R M F I N A N C E . Spring term. Credit three hours. O pen to graduate students and to those undergraduate students who have passed course 102 with a grade of 80
or better. Lectures, T T h 10. Discussion, T 2-4. Warren 145. Professor H e d l u n d .
A study of sound financial arrangements for farmers and the credit institutions which serve them.
187. F A R M A P P R A I S A L . Fall term. Credit three hours. Open to graduate students and to undergraduate students who have passed course 102 w ith a grade of 80 or
better. Lecture, T 10. Laboratory, T 1-5. Warren 101. Professor W a r r e n .
A study of factors governing the price of farms, methods of farm valuation, and practice in the appraisal of farms of various types.
DEPARTMENTAL SEMINAR AND RESEARCH
195. U N D E R G R A D U A T E R E S E A R C H . Fall and spring terms. Credit one to three hours depending upon the problem undertaken and the extent and quality of work done. A student desiring to register in this course must obtain the written permission of a professor who will supervise the work. Open to seniors with grade averages of 80 or higher.
T he course is designed to afford opportunity for outstanding undergraduates to carry out independent studies of suitable problems under appropriate supervision.
299. S E M IN A R . Fall and spring term. M 4. Warren 401. Required of graduate students taking either a major or minor in the Department. Departmental staff.
AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
1. F A R M M E C H A N I C S . Fall or spring term. Credit three hours. Lectures: T T h 10, fall term, Stocking 218: spring term, Rice 300. Laboratory, M T W T h or F
2-4:30. Agricultural Engineering Laboratories. Professor J e n n in g s and assistants.
A course planned to give training in understanding the farm application of mechanical methods and appliances and to develop ability to think and to reason

in terms of these. It covers such farm equipm ent as pumps, water systems, plumbing, hoists and elevators, farm wiring and motors, refrigeration, and air fans.
2. I N T R O D U C T I O N T O A G R I C U L T U R A L E N G I N E E R I N G . Spring term. Credit two hours. Lectures, M W 8. Stocking 120. Lim ited to students in the five-
year Agricultural Engineering Curriculum. Associate Professor G ra y and Assistant Professor M il l ie r .
A course based upon engineering applications to agriculture. Historical develop­ ments are reviewed to stimulate considerations for future agricultural progress.
Basic engineering principles are emphasized in the discussion of agricultural prac­ tices and problems that are of primary interest to the agricultural engineer. Prob­ lems are used to provide practice in the application of principles and to test the students comprehension of subject matter.
10. H O U S E H O L D M E C H A N IC S . Fall or spring term. Credit three hours. For women students. N ot open to freshmen. Lectures, T T h 12. Caldwell 100. Laboratory,
YV T h or F 2-4:30. Agricultural Engineering Laboratories. Professor W r ig h t .
A course intended to develop ability to think and reason in terms of mechanical devices. For this training, exercises are given on automobiles, sewing machines, electrical applicances, water supply and plumbing, faucet repairs, and on some of the simpler machines of the home.
21. F A R M S U R V E Y IN G . Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, T rigo­ nometry. Lectures, M W 10. Stocking 119. R ecitation, F 10. Laboratory, M T or W 2-4:30. Agricultural Engineering Research Laboratory, Tower Road. Assistant
Professor L e v in e .
A study of the use and care of the simpler surveying equipm ent. Special emphasis is placed on their application to farm problems. T h is course cannot be substituted for the surveying requirement of the five-year Agricultural Engineering program.
31. F A R M S T R U C T U R E S . Fall term. Credit three hours. Prerequisites, Inter­ mediate Algebra and Physics. Lectures, M W F 8. Stocking 218. Assistant Professor
L e v in e and Associate Professor G r a y .
A course in the elementary problems of farm buildings; a study of basic structural requirements, insulation, ventilation, and functional requirements for farm animals.
32. F A R M S T R U C T U R E S L A B O R A T O R Y . Fall term. Credit one hour. Open only to agricultural engineering students who are currently taking or have previously taken course 31 and Drawing 1. Laboratory, W 2-4:30. Agricultural Engineering
Research Laboratory. Tower Road. Assistant Professor L e v in e .
A course designed to teach some of the practical applications of basic design principles to farm-building construction. It includes practical work in the mixing and testing of concrete, visits to some of the farm buildings on the campus to see different types of construction, and some work on the general design and layout of farm buildings for efficiency of operation.
40. G E N E R A L F A R M SHOP. Fall or spring term. Credit two hours a term. Open to all students. Lecture, T 9. Stocking 120. Laboratory, M T or T h 1-5. Lim ited to thirty students per section. Agricultural Engineering Laboratories. Professor Foss.
A course designed to acquaint the student with the common woodworking, tool fitting, cold and sheet metal working, forging, welding, ropework, and wood-finish­ ing jobs commonly found on the farm. T he correct use of hand tools on new con­ struction and repair work is emphasized.
41. T E A C H I N G F A R M M E C H A N IC S. Spring term. Credit three hours. Pre­ requisite, course 40. Lectures, M W 9. Laboratory, W 2-4:30. Agricultural Engi­ neering Laboratories. Professor Foss.
A course designed to prepare the prospective teacher to lay out, equip, and

manage the general shop and to teach farm mechanics in the high school. A field trip is taken to visit school shops.
42. W E L D I N G . Fall or spring term. Credit one hour. One laboratory period, M T or T h 8-10:30, or M or T 2-4:30; in spring term, given also F 2-4:30. Lim ited to twenty students a section. Mr. C lough.
A course giving fundamentals and practice of oxyacetylene welding and cutting of metals; spot welding and arc welding, with special emphasis on farm-shop con­ struction and repair. One all-day field trip is taken on Monday or Tuesday.
43. A D V A N C E D G E N E R A L F A R M SHO P. Fall or spring term. Credit one or two hours a term. Prerequisite, courses 40 and 42 and permission of instructor. One or two laboratories, F 2-4:30, and one to be arranged. Professor Foss and Mr. C lough.
Construction and repair jobs are used to teach the operation, care, and adjust­ ments of the circular saw, band saw, jointer, planer, wood and metal lathe, grinder, hacksaw, sheet metal machines, and welding equipment.
101. E L E C T R I C I T Y O N T H E F A R M . Fall term. Credit three hours. O pen to juniors ahd seniors. Prerequisite, course 1 and Physics 103 and 104 or the equivalent. Lectures, M W 11. Stocking 119. Laboratory, M 2-4:30. Agricultural Engineering R e­
search Laboratory, Tower Road. Associate Professor Sh e p a r d s o n .
T he course deals with the application of electricity for light, heat, and power on farms, with emphasis on the principles of operation, selection, and installation of electrical equipment for the farmstead. One half-day field trip is taken.
102. F A R M P O W E R . Fall term. Credit three hours. O pen to juniors and seniors. Prerequisite, course 1 or Physics 103 and 104, or the equivalent. Lectures, T T h 11. Rice 300. One recitation period a week, to be arranged. Laboratory, M T W or Th
2—4:30. Agricultural Engineering Laboratories. Associate Professor S h e p a r d s o n and Assistant Professor M il l ie r .
A study of the principles of operation and adjustment of internal combustion engines and their farm applications. Principal emphasis on farm tractors, including care and operation, power transmission, power requirements, and economic factors.
103. F IE L D M A C H I N E R Y . Spring term. Credit three hours. Open to juniors and seniors. Prerequisite, course 1 or Physics 103 and 104, or the equivalent. Lec­ tures, T T h 11. Stocking 218. One recitation period a week, to be arranged. Labora­ tory, M T W or T h 2-4:30. Agricultural Engineering Laboratories. Associate Pro­
fessor S h e p a r d s o n and Assistant Professor M il l ie r .
A study of the use, care, operation, and adjustment of farm field machines. Machines in each of the major groups, tillage, seeding, harvesting, processing, spraying and dusting, fertilizing, and crop loading are included.
121. F A R M P R A C T I C E I N S O IL A N D W A T E R C O N S E R V A T I O N . Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, Agronomy 1 or the equivalent. Agricultural Engi­ neering 21 and Agronomy 11 are recommended. Lectures, M F 8. Caldwell 100. Laboratory, F 2-5. Agricultural Engineering Research Laboratory, Tower Road.
Associate Professor Z w e r m a n and Assistant Professor L e v in e .
A beginning course in principles and methods used in soil conservation. Emphasis is placed on New York State conditions. Engineering and agronomic aspects of soil conservation receive primary consideration. Students who have credit for Agron­ omy 102 or Agricultural Engineering 221 should consult the instructor before regis­ tering. One all-day field trip is taken on Saturday.
203. A G R I C U L T U R A L M A C H I N E R Y DESIGN. Fall term. Credit three hours. Open only to seniors and graduate students. Prerequisite, Drawing and Mechanics

1151, 1152, and 1153, or their equivalents. Lectures, T T h 8. Com puting period,
W 2—4:30. Stocking 410. Professor T e r r y .
Methods of stress analysis and machine design applied to typical agricultural machines. Analytical and empirical treatment of velocities and accelerations, static and dynamic forces. Suitability of materials, power requirements, lubrication, safety, and economic factors.
204. E X P E R I M E N T A L A G R I C U L T U R A L E N G IN E E R IN G . Spring term. Credit three hours. Registration by permission of the instructor. Lecture, T 8. Stocking 120.
Laboratory, T h 8 -1 1 . Agricultural Engineering Laboratories. Professor T e r r y .
Laboratory and field tests of power plants and tractors. Determination of power output, tractive effort, and stability characteristics. Power requirements of farm implements and machines under varying conditions of operation. Comprehensive reports are required.
221. SOIL A N D W A T E R M A N A G E M E N T . Spring term. Credit three hours. Open only to seniors and graduate students. Prerequisite, course 21, Agronomy 1, and Fluid Mechanics 2331, or the equivalent. Lectures, T T h 9. Laboratory, T h 2—4:30. Agricultural Engineering Research Laboratory, Tower Road, and field.
Associate Professor G r a y .
An advanced course in the design and construction of tile drainage systems, sprinkler systems for supplemental irrigation, diversion ditches, and farm ponds.
231. F A R M S T R U C T U R E S DESIGN. Spring term. Credit three hours. Open only to seniors and graduate students. Prerequisite, Mechanics 1153 or the equi­ valent. Lectures, T T h 10. Stocking 120. Laboratory, T 2-4:30. Associate Professor
G ray.
Structural design principles for farm buildings. Characteristics of materials, principles of sanitation, ventilation, heating, and refrigeration are included.
251. SPECIAL P RO B L E M S I N A G R I C U L T U R A L E N G IN E E R IN G . Fall or spring term. Credit one or more hours. Prerequisite, adequate ability and training for the
work proposed, and permission to register. Professor F r e n c h and staff.
Special work in any branch of agricultural engineering on problems under in ­ vestigation by the department or of special interest to the student, provided, in the latter case, that adequate facilities can be obained.
252. S E M IN A R . Fall and spring terms. Required of graduate students. M 4:30. Presentation and discussion of research and special problems in agricultural engi­
neering. Professor F r e n c h .
- 253. SPECIAL TOPICS I N A G R I C U L T U R A L E N G IN E E R IN G . Fall and spring
terms. Credit one hour. Open only to seniors. T 12. Stocking 119. Professor F r e n c h .
Presentation and discussion of the opportunities, qualifications, and responsibilities for positions of service in the various fields of Agricultural Engineering.
AGRONOMY
SOIL SCIENCE
1. T H E N A T U R E A N D P R O P E R T I E S OF SOILS. Fall or spring term. Credit five hours. Prerequisite, Chemistry 102 or 106 and Geology 115. Lectures, M W F 9. Caldwell 100. Laboratory, M T W T h or F 2-4:30. Caldwell 49. T w o recitations, to be arranged. Graduate students auditing this course are expected to take the examinations. At the first laboratory period each student shall furnish a pint
sample of soil for use in the laboratory. Professor B r a d y .
A comprehensive course dealing with the composition, properties, and plant relations of soils, with particular reference to the fundamental principles of m ain­ taining soil fertility.

6. SOILS. Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, Biochemistry 2 or its equivalent. Primarily for freshmen in the two-year course. Four-year students ad­ m itted only with permission of instructor. Lectures, T T h 9. Caldwell 100. Lab­
oratory, M T W T h or F 2-4:30. Caldwell 201. Mr. H il t b o l d .
A course dealing with the composition, properties, and plant relations of soils, with particular reference to the practical use of lime, fertilizers, and other means of m aintaining soil fertility and of controlling soil erosion.
101. S O IL C L A S S I F I C A T I O N A N D S U R V E Y . Spring term. Creditthreehours. Prerequisite, course 1 or 6 or the equivalent. Lectures, T T h 10. Caldwell 100. Laboratory, M or T 2-4:30. Caldwell 143. Field work replaces the laboratory as soon
as weather permits; time to be arranged. Professor C l in e .
Soil formation, classification, and geography. Field work consists of practice in soil surveying.
F A R M P R A C T IC E I N SOIL A N D W A T E R C O N S E R V A T IO N (Agricultural Engineering 121). Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, Agronomy 1 or the equivalent. Agricultural Engineering 21 and Agronomy 11 are recommended. Lec­ tures, M F 8. Caldwell 100. Laboratory, F 2-5. Agricultural Engineering Research
Laboratory. Associate Professor Z w e r m a n and Assistant Professor L e v in e .
A beginning course in principles and methods used in soil conservation. Emphasis is placed on New York State conditions. Engineering and agronomic aspects of soil conservation receive primary consideration. Students who have credit for Agronomy 102 or Agricultural Engineering 221 should consult the Instructor before registering. One all-day field trip is taken on Saturday.
[103. O R G A N I C SOILS. Fall term. Credit two hours. Given in alternate years.
Prerequisite, course 1. Associate Professor D a w s o n .] N ot given in 1954-55.
Physical and chemical properties of organic soils used for crop production and soil conditioning. One all-day Saturday field trip.
[104. F O R E S T SOILS. Fall term. Credit two hours. Given in alternate years. Pre­ requisite, course 1 and Botany 31. T im e and place to be arranged. Occasional field trips. Assistant Professor Sto ne.] N ot given in 1954-55.
Ecology of forest soils and principles of forest-soil management, including biology, and relation to soil development and hydrology. An informal three- or four-day field trip through the Adirondack region is made prior to registration for the fall term; attendance is urged although not required. Consult instructor for details.
105. SO IL A N D C R O P M A N A G E M E N T . Fall term. Credit three hours. Primarily for advanced undergraduates and graduate minors in Agronomy. Prerequisite, courses 1 or 6 and 2 or 11, or permission of the instructor. Lectures, T T h 9. Warren 201. Laboratory, W or T h 2-4:30. Caldwell 143. P rofessor----------- .
The application of the principles of soil science and crop production to complete soil-management systems under common farm conditions in New York. Emphasis is on the use and evaluation of rotations, manure, fertilizers, lime, and supporting practices for crop production in systems that maintain soil productivity. Labora­ tories consist of (1) field trips to study operating farms, and (2) problems in plan­ ning systems of managem ent under specified farm conditions. A few field trips to near-by farms.
106. S O IL M I C R O B I O L O G Y . Fall term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, Agron­ omy 1 or Bacteriology 1 and Chemistry 303 or the equivalent. T h e lectures without the laboratory may be taken for two hours’ credit with the permission of the in ­ structor. Lectures, M W 8. Caldwell 100. Laboratory F 2-4:30. Caldwell 201. Pro­ fessor B roadbent.
A study of the major groups of soil microorganisms, the soil organic fraction, and the biochemical functions of the soil population.

[107. P H Y S IC A L E D A P H O L O G Y . Fall term. Credit three hours. Primarily for advanced undergraduates and graduate minors in Agronomy. Prerequisite, course 1
or permission of the instructor. Associate Professor R. D. M il l e r .] Not given in
1954-55. T h e principles of soil physics, with reference to soil managem ent and crop
production.
201. S O IL C H E M I S T R Y , L E C T U R E S . Spring term. Credit three hours. Pre­ requisite, course 1 and Qualitative Analysis. A course in physical chemistry is rec­
ommended. M W F 9. Caldwell 143. Professor P e e c h .
Chemical composition and properties of soils. Discussion of chemical processes in the soil, including the behavior of different plant-nutrient elements.
202. C H E M IC A L M E T H O D S OF S O IL A N A L Y S I S . Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 1 and Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis. Enrollment
limited to twenty students. T T h 2-4:30. Caldwell 294. Professor P e e c h .
Lectures, laboratory exercises, and demonstrations designed to familiarize the student with different chemical techniques for studying soils.
203. T H E GENESIS, M O R P H O L O G Y , A N D C L A S S I F I C A T I O N OF SOILS. Spring term. Credit three hours. Credit two hours for students who have had Agron­ omy 101. Given in alternate years. Lectures, M W F 8. Caldwell 143. Professor C l in e .
T h e course deals with (1) the principles of classification as applied to soils, (2) the factors of soil formation and their effects on the soil, and (3) the characteristics, development, and use of the Great Soil Groups of the world. One all-day Saturday field trip is taken on a date to be arranged.
204. I S O T O P I C T E C H N IQ U E S I N A G R I C U L T U R E A N D B IO L O G Y . Fall term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite, permission of instructor. Lecture, demonstrations, and laboratory work. Enrollment lim ited to ten students. Assistant Professor B r a n d t.
Application of isotopic techniques to agriculture and biology.
2 0 5 . SO IL F E R T I L I T Y , A D V A N C E D COU RSE. Fall term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 1 and Chemistry 2 0 1 or its equivalent. Lectures, T T h S 8. Caldwell 143. Professor B r a d fie l d .
A study of the soil as a source of the mineral nutrients needed for effective crop production and of the properties and use of lim ing materials, fertilizers, and manures.
207. SOIL PHYSICS, L E C T U R E S . Fall term. Credit three hours. Given in alternate years. Primarily for graduate students. Prerequisite, course 107 or permission of the instructor. Lectures, M W F 8. Caldwell 143. Associate Professor R. D . M iller.
A study of physical properties and processes of soils, with emphasis on the funda­ mental physical principles involved.
208. P H Y S IC A L P R O P E R T IE S OF SOILS, L A B O R A T O R Y . Fall term. Credit three hours. Must be preceded or accompanied by course 207. Enrollment limited.
M W 2-4:30. Caldwell 29 4 . Associate Professor R. D. M il l e r .
Laboratory exercises and demonstrations designed to familiarize the student with different physical and physiochemical techniques used in soil investigations.
209. R E S E A R C H I N SO IL SCIENCE. Fall and spring terms. All members of the professorial staff.
210. S E L E C T E D TO P IC S I N S O IL SCIENCE. Fall and spring terms. Credit one to three hours. Prerequisite, ten credit hours in Soil Science. Tim e to be arranged. Fall term:
(a) S O IL PHYSICS. Credit one hour. Associate Professor R. D. M il l e r .

(d) S E L E C T E D T O P IC I N S O IL A N D W A T E R C O N S E R V A T I O N . Credit one h o u r. Associate Professor Zw erm an.
(a) S O IL PHYSIC S. Credit one hour. Associate Professor R. D. M iller.
(b) SOIL C H E M IS T R Y . Credit one hour. Professor Peech.
(c) T O P I C T O B E A R R A N G E D . Credit from one to three hours. Staff.
FIELD CROPS
2. I N T R O D U C T I O N T O F IE L D CROPS. Spring term. Credit three hours. Open to freshmen. Upperclassmen and others who have the prerequisites should take course 11 rather than 2. Discussion period. W F 10. Caldwell 100. Laboratory, M T W T h or F 2-4:30. Auditors not permitted. Not open to graduate students. Caldwell 250. Professor H artwig.
A study of the culture of the common field crops that are produced in the Northeastern States, with emphasis on the practical aspects. Rotations with their seed and fertilizer requirements are worked out for three or four type-farms where the objective is to produce feed and food.
11. P R O D U C T I O N OF F IE L D CROPS. Fall term. Credit four hours. Prerequisite, a course in soils. Graduate students must consult the instructor before registering. Auditors not permitted. Lectures, M W F 10. Caldwell 100. Laboratory, M T W T h or F 2-4:30. Caldwell 250. Professor H artwig.
A course dealing principally with the crops that are used for feeding livestock and poultry. Emphasis is placed on the hay, silage, pasture, and grain crops of the United States. Cultural methods, crop rotations, fertilizer practices, soil and cli­ matic adaptation, and the better varieties of the important crops are considered.
211. SPECIAL TO PIC I N F IEL D CROPS. Fall and spring terms. Credit one or two hours. M eeting once weekly for graduate students and undergraduate majors. Professors H artwig, K en n ed y , M acD o nald, and M usgrave.
112. P A S T U R E A N D H A Y CROPS. Spring term. Credit three hours. For juniors, seniors, and graduate students. Prerequisite, courses 1 and 11 or their equivalent, or courses 2 and 6 by permission. Lectures and discussions. T T h S 8. Caldwell 100. Three required field trips in April and May, M T W T h or F 1:30-5. Professor Kennedy.
T he establishment, maintenance, productivity, use, and quality of various pasture and hay crops are discussed, especially those for hum id, temperate climates. Practi­ cal applications are emphasized. Of particular value to those interested in agron­ omy, animal production, and soil conservation.
213. C R O P E C O L O G Y . Fall term. Credit three hours. Given in alternate years. Prerequisite, course 11 and Botany 31 or their equivalent. Lectures, T T h S 10. Warren 260. Professor M usgrave.
An analysis of the environment of crop plants and their ecological responses, with emphasis on the cereals and on the legumes and grasses for forage.
[214. G R A S S L A N D S A N D G R A S S L A N D R E S E A R C H . Fall term. Credit three hours. Given in alternate years. Prerequisite, course 112, Plant Breeding 102 or 203, and Botany 31, or their equivalent, and permission to register. Professor M ac­ D onald.] N ot given in 1954-55.
A study of factors underlying the development and maintenance of grassland types and the principles and practices of grassland and forage-crop investigations.
219. R E S E A R C H I N F IELD -CR O P P R O D U C T I O N . Fall, spring, and summer terms. Professors H artwig, Ken n ed y , M acD o nald, and M usgrave.

DEPARTMENTAL SEMINAR
29 0 . S E M IN A R . Fall and spring terms. Required of graduate students taking work
in the department, S 11-12:30. Caldwell 100.
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
Students are advised to register for courses 1, 10, and 20 before taking the more advanced courses.
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
1. I N T R O D U C T O R Y L I V E S T O C K P R O D U C T I O N . Fall term. Credit three hours. Lectures, M W 8 or 10. W ing A. Laboratory, T T h or F 2-4:30, W 11-1.
Judging Pavilion. Assistant Professor Sh e f f y and assistants.
A survey course that gives the student a concept of the scope of the animal in ­ dustry, an insight into the opportunities it offers, and perception of its fundamental problems. It includes the fundamentals of successful livestock production that form a foundation on which to build specialized knowledge and skill in succeeding courses. It should serve equally well for students majoring in other fields, who w ill take but one course in Animal Husbandry. Animals specifically covered are beef cattle, sheep, swine, and horses. Tw o scheduled evening prelims are given.
10. L I V E S T O C K FEEDING . Fall or spring term. Credit four hours. Prerequi­ site, Chemistry 101, 105, or Biochemistry 2. Lectures: fall term, M W F 11; spring
term, M W F 9 . W ing A. Laboratory: fall term, T h or F 2^1:20, W ing A; spring term! M W T h or F, 2-4:20. W ing C. Professor S. E. S m it h , Assistant Professor W a r n e r , and assistants.
T he feeding of farm animals, including the general basic principles, feeding standards, the computation of rations, and the composition and nutritive value of livestock feeds.
H E A L T H A N D DISEASES OF A N I M A L S ( V E T E R I N A R Y 61). Spring term. Credit three hours. Not open to freshmen or to those who have had no courses in
animal husbandry. Lectures, M W F 11. Veterinary College. Professor G il m a n .
T he course is designed to give the student a clear conception of the causes and nature of the diseases of animals, with suggestions for their prevention. Special atten­ tion is given to the methods of preventing the spread of the infectious and epizootic diseases. Such inform ation as is practicable is given for the treatment of slight in ­ juries and for first aid in emergencies.
41. LIV E ST O C K JU DG ING: BEEF C A T T L E , HORSES, SHEEP, A N D SW IN E . Fall term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite, course 1. Lecture and laboratory period,
W 2-5:10. Judging Pavilion. Professor J . I. M il l e r .
A beginning course in judging market and breeding classes of beef cattle, horses, sheep, and swine, with major emphasis on a detailed study of the type of livestock which best meets present-day demands.
42. L IV E STO C K JUDGING: BEEF C A T T L E , HO RSES, SHEEP, A N D SW INE. Spring term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite, course 41 or permission to register. M T h 2 ^ :2 0 . Judging Pavilion and Livestock Barns. Students may register for only one laboratory period for one hour of credit by permission of instructor. Professor
J. I. M iller.
A course in judging market and breeding classes of beef cattle, horses, sheep, and swine, with major emphasis on a study of the type of breeding stock which best meets modern demands. One field trip of about two days’ duration is made to give additional opportunities to study livestock in outstanding herds or flocks.

43. A D V A N C E D L I V E S T O C K J U D G IN G . Fall term. Credit two hours. R eg­ istration by permission. M F 2-4:20. Judging Pavilion and Livestock Barns. Profes­ sor J. I. M iller.
An advanced type study of purebred market and breeding classes of beef cattle, horses, sheep, and swine. Intended primarily to give additional training to successful students of course 42. T w o 2-day trips are taken on week ends. Members of this group are selected to represent the institution in intercollegiate judging competitions.
60. B EE F C A T T L E . Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 1 or permission to register. Lectures, W F 10. W ing A. Laboratory, F 2-4:20. Judging Pavilion and Beef Cattle barn. Professor J. I. M iller.
A general course in beef-cattle production. T he management, feeding, breeding, selection, and marketing problems involved in the beef-cattle enterprise are em pha­ sized. A one-day field trip is taken to study successful beef production methods.
70. S W I N E . Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 1 or permission to register. Lectures, W F II. W ing A. Practice, T 2-4:20. Judging Pavilion and Swine Barn. Professor J. P. W il lm a n .
A general course in the care, feeding, breeding, and management of swine. Lec­ tures, recitations, and discussions; studies in swine selection; field trips and prac­ tical exercises in the handling and care of swine. A one-day field trip is taken.
80. SHEEP. Fall term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 1 or permission to register. Lectures, T T h 10. W ing A. Practice, M 2-4:20. Judging Pavilion and Sheep Barn. Professor J. P. W il l m a n .
A general course in the care, breeding, feeding, and m anagement of the farm flock; feeding and fattening of lambs; practice in judging and handling of sheep and wool. Lectures, recitations, demonstrations, discussions, reports, and field trips intended to give students a practical knowledge of sheep production. A one-day field trip is taken.
115. A D V A N C E D L I V E S T O C K F E E D IN G A N D A P P L IE D A N I M A L N U T R I ­ T IO N . Spring term. Credit two hours. For advanced and graduate students. Pre­ requisite, a course in livestock feeding and a course in animal nutrition. Lectures and discussions, T T h 9. W ing E. Professor M orrison.
This course includes a presentation and discussion of recent developments in the feeding and nutrition of farm animals, study of experimental methods, and critical analysis of published data.
MEATS
90. M E A T A N D M E A T P R O D U C T S . Fall or spring term. Credit three hours. Course 1 is recommended before registering for this course. Lecture, M 8. W ing C. Laboratory, M T or W 1-5. Registration lim ited to sixteen students in each sec­ tion. Assistant Professor N a u m a n n .
A course in livestock slaughtering, retail meat cutting, live animal-carcass relation­ ships, and the storage and preservation of meat and meat products.
92- M E A T A N D M E A T P R O D U C T S . Fall or spring term. Credit two hours. For women students. N ot open to freshmen. Designed primarily for students in the College of Home Economics. Registration lim ited to sixteen students in each laboratory section. Lecture, T h 11. W ing B. Laboratory, T h or F 2-4:20. Meat Laboratory. Associate Professor W ellington and the Poultry Departm ent staff.
A course dealing with the major phases of meats, poultry, and eggs; wholesale and retail buying, nutritive value of meats, cutting, freezing, curing, canning, cook­ ing, and miscellaneous topics.
93. M E A T C U T T I N G . Fall or spring term. Credit one hour. Prerequisite, course 90 or 92, and permission to register. Enrollment lim ited to five students each term.

One laboratory period each week, time to be arranged with the instructor. Mr. H olley.
T his course offers supervised practice in meat selection, cutting, and grading for students intending to specialize in meats work.
94. M E A T J U D G IN G . Fall term. Credit one hour. Prerequisite, course 90. Registration lim ited to sixteen students. Lecture and laboratory period, W 11-1. Meat Laboratory. Associate Professor W ellington.
A course in market classes and grades of meat, judging, selection, and identifica­ tion of carcasses and cuts. Field trips and some evening classes are included to pro­ vide additional experience.
DAIRY HUSBANDRY
50. D A I R Y C A T T L E . Fall or spring term. Credit four hours. Courses 10 and 20 are recommended before registering for this course. Lectures: fall term, T T h S 8; spring term, T T h S 10. W ing A. Laboratory: fall term, M 2-4:20 or S 9-11:20; spring term, M or T h 2-4:20. W ing A and Judging Pavilion. Professor T urk, Associate Professor Schultz, and assistants.
This course deals with some of the economic aspects of the dairy industry; study of dairy breeds; factors in breeding and development of dairy cattle; m ilking m eth­ ods and milk production problems; efficient feeding; and care, managem ent, and health of the dairy herd. Practice in selection, herd management, formulating of rations, planning of breeding programs, and keeping of records.
51. D A I R Y - C A T T L E JU D G IN G . Spring term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite, course 50. Practice, W 2-4:20 and S 10-12. (In the last half of the semester, the Wednesday meetings are discontinued and the class meets all day Saturday.) Judging Pavilion. Professor T rimberger.
A beginning course in the selection and judging of all breeds of dairy cattle. Practice includes all-day trips on Saturday during the latter part of the term to herds in the State.
52. A D V A N C E D D A I R Y - C A T T L E JU D G IN G . Fall term. Credit one hour. Prerequisite, course 51. Registration by permission. Practice hours to be arranged. Professor T rimbercer.
This course is intended primarily to give additional training in comparative judging to successful students of Course 51. Members of the class are selected to represent the institution in intercollegiate judging competitions.
150. A D V A N C E D D A I R Y P R O D U C T I O N . Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 50. Open only to juniors and seniors. Lectures, T T h 11. Lecture and discussion, T 2-4:20. W ing A. Professor T rimberger.
Analysis of breeding and management programs in successful herds. Evaluation of the programs of dairy-cattle breed associations. Emphasis is placed on the ap­ plication of the principles of dairy breeding, feeding, and management to the de­ velopment and operation of a successful dairy farm.
ANIMAL BREEDING AND PHYSIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
20. A N I M A L B R E E D IN G . Fall term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, Botany 1, Biology 1, or Zoology 103 and 104. Lectures, M W 9. W ing A. R ecitation, dem ­ onstration, and laboratory, M T W T h or F 2-4:20. W ing C. Associate Professor R. W. B ratton, Assistant Professor F oote, and assistants.
An introduction to the anatomy and physiology of reproduction and the improve­ ment of farm animals through the application of genetics.

requisite, course 20 or Plant Breeding 101. Lectures, T T h 11. W ing C. Laboratory, W or F 2—4:20. W ing E. Professor H enderson.
A consideration of the problems involved in the improvement of the larger farm animals and the application of genetics in their solution.

125. P H Y S I O L O G Y OF R E P R O D U C T I O N . Spring Term . Credit three hours.
Open to graduate students and upperclassmen. Prerequisite, Course 127 or the equivalent. Lectures, M W 10. W ing C.
Laboratory, T 2-4:30. W ing C. Professor A s d e l l , Associate Professor H a n s e l , and
assistants.
An advanced course in reproduction, principally in mammals. The laboratory
work consists of a series of small projects designed to illustrate modern large animal
breeding techniques and the effects of the major hormones of reproduction and lactation.

126. A P P L IE D A N I M A L P H Y S I O L O G Y . Fall term. Credit one hour. O pen to
upperclassmen and graduate students. T 9. W ing C. Professor A s d e l l .
The application of physiological methods to growth, reproduction, and lactation in farm animals.

127. E L E M E N T A R Y 10. W ing C. Associate

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A general course in the physiology of the endocrine system. Lectures and dem ­

onstrations showing the effects of the hormones of the endocrine glands and the

roles played by each in the regulation of normal body processes.

ANIMAL NUTRITIO N
110. P R I N C I P L E S OF A N I M A L N U T R I T I O N . Fall term. Credit three hours. For seniors and graduate students. Prerequisite, a course in human or veterinary physiology and a course in organic chemistry or biochemistry. Lectures, M W F
10. Savage 100. Professor L o o s l i.
The chemistry and physiology of nutrition and the nutritive requirements for growth, reproduction, lactation, and other body functions.

111. L A B O R A T O R Y W O R K I N A N I M A L N U T R I T I O N . Fall term. Credit

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Each student engages in a series of small research projects with living animals,

such as rats, dogs, and other animals, where both classical techniques, such as chem ­

ical balance studies, and very modern ones are taught. T he use of animals and the

application of biochemical methods in advancing the science of nutrition are in­ cluded.

210. SPECIAL TO PICS I N A N I M A L N U T R I T I O N . Spring term. Credit one
hour. Registration b y permission. T h 8. W ing E . Professors L oosn , M c C a y , and

S. E . Sm it h .

A presentation and discussion of the knowledge and techniques of special fields of animal nutrition, with particular reference to farm animals.

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The purpose of the course is to familiarize the student with the background liter­

ature in nutrition and to improve his technique in using the libraries. Each student

prepares four written reports and summarizes these in brief oral reports to learn better ways to present technical information.

219. S E M I N A R I N A N I M A L N U T R I T I O N . Fall term. Credit one hour. Open to graduate students with major field of study in animal nutrition. Registration by permission. T 4:30. Rice 201. Animal N utrition staff.

A critical review of the literature and other topics of special interest to graduate students in animal nutrition.
DEPARTMENTAL RESEARCH AND SEMINAR
200. R E SE A R C H . Fall and spring terms. Credit and hours by arrangement. For graduate and advanced students only. A ll members of Professional staff. Profes­ sor T u r k in charge.
201. S E M IN A R . Fall and spring terms. Required of all graduate students taking either a major or a minor subject in Animal Husbandry. Advanced undergraduates are admitted by permission, and, if a satisfactory report on an approved subject is presented, may receive not to exceed two hours credit. M 11. Professor T u r k and departmental staff.
BACTERIOLOGY
Students are accepted as majors in bacteriology only upon consent of the head of the Department or of a member of the staff designated to act for him . Acceptance is granted only to those students who follow the prescribed courses outlined by the Department and whose scholastic records are entirely satisfactory.
1. G E N E R A L B A C T E R I O L O G Y . Fall term. Credit six hours. Prerequisite, Chemistry 102 or 106. Lectures, M W F 11. Stocking 218. Laboratory practice, M W F 2-4:30. Stocking 301. Associate Professor Seeley and assistants.
An introductory course; general survey of the field of bacteriology, with the fun­ damentals essential to further work in the subject.
2. G E N E R A L B A C T E R I O L O G Y . Fall term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, Chemistry 102 or 106. N ot open to undergraduate students in the College of Ag­ riculture. Lectures, M W F 11. Stocking 218. Associate Professor Seeley.
T h e same as the lecture part of course 1. By special permission, this course may be elected by graduate students and advanced students in certain professional courses, such as Chemical Engineering.
3. A G R I C U L T U R A L B A C T E R I O L O G Y . Spring term. Credit three hours. N ot recommended for first-year students. N ot accepted as prerequisite for advanced courses. Lectures, M W F 11. Stocking 218. Professor N aylor.
T he basic principles of bacteriology and their applications in agriculture, industry, personal hygiene, and public health.
4. H O U S E H O L D B A C T E R I O L O G Y . Spring term. Credit three hours. Pre­ requisite, Elementary Chemistry. Lim ited to students in Home Economics. Lectures, T T h 10. Stocking 218. Laboratory, T T h 8-9:50 or T T h 11-12:50. Stocking 301. Assistant Professor V a n D emark and assistants.
An elementary, practical course for students in Home Economics.
103. A D V A N C E D B A C T E R I O L O G Y . Spring term. Credit six hours. Prereq­ uisite, course 1, quantitative analysis, and organic chemistry. Lectures and labora­ tory practice, M W F 2-5:30. Stocking 119. Associate Professor Seeley and assistants.
A systematic study of the important groups of bacteria that are of significance in water, milk, foods, and industry, together with the methods used in these fields of bacteriology.
105. H I G H E R B A C T E R I A A N D R E L A T E D M I C R O O R G A N I S M S . Fall term. Credit four hours. Prerequisite, course 1. Lectures, recitations, and laboratory practice. T T h 1:40-5. Stocking 119 and 323. Professor Knaysi and assistant.
A study of the higher bacteria, together with the yeast and molds that are of especial importance to the bacteriologist.

SOIL M I C R O B IO L O G Y ( A G R O N O M Y 106.) Fall term. Credit three hours. Pre­
requisite, course 1 and Chemistry 20 1 or its equivalent. Lectures, M W 8. Cald­ well 100. Laboratory, F 2 -4 :3 0 . Caldwell 2 0 1 . Professor B r o a d b en t.
A course in biological soil processes designed primarily for students specializing in soil technology or bacteriology. T he laboratory work is supplemented by reports and by abstracts of important papers on the subject.

P A T H O G E N I C B A C T E R I O L O G Y . (See the A n n o u n c e m e n t of the N e w York State Veterinary College.)

210. P H Y S IO L O G Y OF B A C T E R I A . Fall term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite, course 1 and at least one additional course in bacteriology and one in organic chem­
istry. Lectures, T T h 10. Stocking 120. Associate Professor D e l w ic h e .
T h e physiology of bacteria and the biochemistry of microbic processes.

212. SE LE C TE D TO PICS I N B A C T E R IO L O G Y . Fall and spring terms. Credit one hour a term. For seniors and graduate students. F 10. Stocking 120. Staff.

213. M O R P H O L O G Y A N D C Y T O L O G Y OF B A C T E R IA . Fall term. Credit three
hKonuaryss. iF. or seniors and graduate students. Lectures, T T h S 9. Stocking 119. Professor
T he morphology, cytology, and microchemistry of microorganisms.

215. C H E M IS T R Y OF B A C T E R I A L PROCESSES. Spring term. Credit two hours.

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T he chemistry of metabolism, fermentation, and nutrition of microorganisms.

216. G E N E T IC S OF M IC R O O R G A N IS M S . Spring term. Credit two hours. For seniors and graduate students. Lectures, M W 12. Stocking 119. Professor 7 f t i f
An advanced course for students who have had thorough basic training in bac­ teriology and genetics.
2 2 0 . R E SE A R C H . Fall or spring term. Credit one or more hours, by arrangement. For advanced students. Assistant Professor V a n D e m a r k .
Special problems in any phase of bacteriology may be elected.

221. S E M IN A R . Fall and spring terms. W ithout credit. Hours to be arranged. Stocking. Staff.

BIOCHEMISTRY AND N U T R IT IO N
2 . I N T R O D U C T O R Y A G R I C U L T U R A L C H E M I S T R Y . Fall term. Credit five
hours. Open only to two-year students in the College of Agriculture. Lectures and
rNeecaitlataionnds:asMsistWantFs. 9. Plant Science 233; T T h 9. Caldwell 100. Associate Professor
Lectures, demonstrations, and recitations dealing with the fundamental principles of chemistry and their application to agricultural practices. This course is not ac­ cepted as a prerequisite for further courses in Chemistry or Biochemistry.

[5. A G R I C U L T U R A L B I O C H E M I S T R Y . Spring term. Credit three hours. Pre­

requisite, Chemistry 102 or 106 or the equivalent. May not be taken for credit by

students Professor

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An elementary course for the general agricultural students, dealing with the bio­

chemistry of crop and animal production, of the materials concerned, such as feeds, fertilizers, and insecticides, and of the products that result.

10. E L E M E N T S OF B I O C H E M I S T R Y , L E C T U R E S . Fall term. Credit four hours. Prerequisite, Chemistry 303 and 305 or Food and N utrition 215. Lectures, M T T h
S 8. Savage 145. Associate Professor D a n ie l .

Primarily for students in the College of Home Economics. An elementary course dealing with the chemistry of biological substances and their transformations (di­ gestion and metabolism) in the animal organism.
11. E L E M E N T S OF B I O C H E M I S T R Y , L A B O R A T O R Y . Fall term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite or parallel, course 10. Laboratories, T T h 2-4:20 or W 2-4:20
and S 9-11:20. Savage 210. Associate Professor D a n ie l and assistants.
Laboratory practice with biochemical substances and experiments designed to illustrate chemical reactions which may occur in the animal body.
101. G E N E R A L B I O C H E M I S T R Y , L E C T U R E . Fall term. Credit four hours. Prerequisites, Chemistry 215 or the equivalent; and 303 and 305 or the equivalent.
Lectures, M W F S 11. Savage 100. Professor W il l ia m s .
For graduate and advanced undergraduate students, dealing with the chemistry of plant and animal substances and the reactions occurring in biological systems.
102. G E N E R A L B I O C H E M I S T R Y , L A B O R A T O R Y . Fall term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite or parallel, course 101. Laboratory, M W or T T h 2-4:20. Savage 230. Professor W illiams and assistants.
Laboratory practice with plant and animal materials and the experimental study of their properties.
130. P R IN C I P L E S OF F O O D P R E S E R V A T I O N . Spring term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite, Biochemistry or Organic Chemistry. Lectures, T T h 10. Savage 145.
Associate Professor C l a r k .
A discussion of the basic physical, chemical, and biological principles of food preservation and their application in refining, dehydration, cold storage, freezing, canning, fermentation, chemical preservation, and packaging. T he effects of food processing upon the maintenance of nutritive value and on other food qualities.
140. S E L E C T E D T O P IC S I N FOOD B I O C H E M I S T R Y . Spring term. Credit two hours. Given in alternate years. Prerequisite, course 101. Lectures, M W 10. Savage
145. Associate Professor C la r k .
A discussion of some of the important nonmicrobial changes in foods, such as denaturation and the Maillard browning reaction. Emphasis is placed on the occur­ rence, significance, and prevention or control of the changes as they affect the color, odor, flavor, texture, or nutritive value of foods.
150. B I O C H E M I S T R Y A N D N U T R I T I O N OF T H E V I T A M I N S . Spring term. Credit two hours. Given in alternate years. Prerequisite, Chemistry 303 and 305 or the equivalent, Biochemistry 101 or the equivalent, or Biochemistry 5 or 10 by
permission. Lectures, T T h 10. Savage 100. Associate Professor D a n ie l .
Primarily for graduate students, dealing with the chemical, physiological, and nutritional aspects of the vitamins.
201. B I O C H E M I S T R Y OF LIP ID S A N D C A R B O H Y D R A T E S . Spring term. Credit two hours. Prerequisites, courses 101 and 102 and Physical Chemistry 405 and 406, or the equivalent. Lectures M W 9. Savage 100. Professor Su m n e r and Associate Professor W. L. N elson.
Discussion of the properties and biological role of the lipids and carbohydrates.
2 0 2 . B IO C H E M IS T R Y OF P R O T E IN S A N D ENZYMES. Spring term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite, courses 101 and 102 and Physical Chemistry 40 5 and 4 0 6 , or the equivalent. Lectures, T Th 9. Savage 100. Professor S u m n e r .
Discussion of the properties and biological role of proteins and enzymes.
203. A D V A N C E D B IO C H E M IS T R Y . Laboratory. Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, to accompany or follow courses 201 and 202. Lim ited enrollm ent.

Registration by permission of the instructor only. M W 2-5. Savage 230. Professor
Su m n e r and Associate Professoi W . L . N e l s o n .
Laboratory experiments dealing with enzymes, co-factors, and substrates of im ­ portance in metabolic processes. Practice is given in the use of special techniques em ­ ployed in isolation, characterization, and mode of action of enzymes and enzyme systems. Emphasis is placed on interpretation of data and written reports covering the various experiments.
[210. P L A N T B I O C H E M I S T R Y . Spring term. Credit two hours. Given in a l­ ternate years. Prerequisite, courses 101 and 102 or the equivalent. Associate Pro­
fessor N e a l .] N ot given in 1954-55.
Lectures and discussion of biochemical topics of particular interest to students in plant sciences.
220. SPECIAL TO PICS I N N U T R I T I O N . Spring term. Credit one hour. Pri­ marily for graduate students. Prerequisite, a course in biochemistry and a course in
nutrition. Registration by permission. T 8. Savage 145. Professors M a y n a r d and W illia m s.
290. B IO C H E M IS T R Y S E M IN A R . Fall term. Credit one hour.Required of majors and minors. Prerequisite, courses 201 and 202, or the equivalent.Registra­
tion by permission. M 4:15. Savage 100. Professor S u m n e r and staff.
Assignments and discussions of recent advances in biochemistry.
292. N U T R I T I O N S E M I N A R . Spring term. Credit one hour. Registration by-
permission. M 4:15. Savage 100. Professor M a y n a r d and staff.
Assignments and discussions of recent advances in the biochemistry and physiol­ ogy of nutrition.
294. FOOD B IO C H E M IS T R Y SE M IN A R . Fall term. Credit one hour. Registration
by permission. T 4:30. Savage 130. Associate Professor C l a r k .
Assignments and discussions of literature pertaining to the biochemical aspects of foods and food processing.

BOTANY

Students in botany may be accepted as specializing students at the end of their sophomore year only upon approval of the Department of Botany. They are required to take certain prescribed courses and must maintain a high scholastic average. Students wishing instruction in special groups of plants or in special subjects should consult the Department.

1. G E N E R A L B O T A N Y . Fall and spring terms. Credit three hours a term. If taken after Biology 1, credit two hours a term. T his course may be begun in the spring term. Lectures, T T h 9 or 11. Plant Science 233. O ne laboratory a week,
M T W T h or F 2-4:30, T 10-12:30, F or S 8-10:30, or S 9-11:30. Plant Science
240, 242, and 262. Professor P e t r y , instructors, and assistants.
A survey of the fundamental facts and principles of plant life. T he work of the first term deals with the structures and functions of the higher plants, with special emphasis on their nutrition. T he work of the second term traces the evolution of ihe plant kingdom, as illustrated by representatives of the principal groups, and con­ cludes with a brief introduction to the principles of classification of the flowering plants.

3. P O IS O N O U S P L A N T S . Spring term. Credit one hour. Registration is lim ited to students in the Veterinary College. Lectures, S 9. Laboratory, T h 2-4:30. Plant
Science 202. Professor M u e n s c h e r .

Emphasis is given to the recognition of the principal kinds of stock-poisoning

plants.

°

55. WEEDS A N D POISONO US P L A N T S . Fall term. Credit three hours. Pre­
requisite, course 1 or its equivalent. Lecture, F 9. Laboratory, W F 2 - 4 :3 0 . Plant Science 20 2. Professor M u e n sc h e r .
Special emphasis is given to the habits, characteristics, and properties which make weeds and poisonous plants harmful or undesirable, the losses and injury produced by them and the methods for their prevention, eradication, and control.
56. SE ED A N A L Y S I S . Spring term. Credit one hour. Prerequisite, course 1 or its equivalent. Lectures and laboratory, F 2-4:30. Plant Science 202. Professor
M uenscher.
A course designed for students in the applied plant-science departments and those interested in preparing to be seed analysts. Practice is given in making purity analyses and germination tests according to standard and official methods and recommenda­ tions. Students wishing to become seed technologists may arrange to take advanced work under course 171.
115. A Q U A T I C P L A N T S . Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 1 or its equivalent. Lecture, M 9. Laboratory, M W 2-4:30. Plant Science 203.
Professor M u e n s c h e r .
A study of the taxonomy and ecology of fresh-water plants, beginning with the algae and concluding with the acquatic angiosperms.
117. T A X O N O M Y OF V A S C U L A R P L A N T S . Fall term. Credit four hours. Pre­ requisite, course 1 or its equivalent and permission to register. Lectures, T T h 9.
Plant Science 143. Laboratory, T T h 2-4:30. Mann 464. Professor C l a u s e n .
A survey of the kinds of seed plants and ferns, their classification, gross morphology, geographical distribution, and economic importance, together with an introduc­ tion to the principles and literature of taxonomy. Methods of identification are stressed.
118. T A X O N O M Y A N D E C O L O G Y OF V A S C U L A R P L A N T S . Spring term. Credit four hours. Prerequisite, course 117 and either course 124 or Plant Breeding 101 and permission to register. Lectures, T T h 9. Plant Science 143. Laboratory,
T T h 2-4:30. Mann 464. Professor C l a u s e n .
A continuation of course 117, including a consideration of evolutionary patterns in the seed plants and ferns; a demonstration of the principles and methods of tax­ onomy; and an introduction to problems of classification in the flora of North America. Trips are scheduled in laboratory periods and on several Sundays in the second half of the term.
217. S E M IN A R I N T A X O N O M Y OF V ASC U LA R P L A N T S . Fall and spring terms. Prerequisite, course 118. Required of graduate students taking work in tax­
onomy. Conference, M 4:30. Mann 464. Professor C l a u s e n .
A consideration of current research and literature; reports on problems of research by graduate students and members of the staff.
123. P L A N T A N A T O M Y . Fall term. Credit four hours. Prerequisite, course 1 or its equivalent and permission to register. Lectures, T T h 9. Plant Science 37. Laboratory, either M W 2-4:30 or T T h 10-12:30. Plant Science 211. Professor
Banks.
A detailed study of the internal structure of vascular plants with emphasis on de­ termination and interpretation.
124. C Y T O L O G Y . Fall term. Credit four hours. Prerequisite, course 1 or Zool­ ogy 102 or 104 or the equivalent. Lectures, M W 9. Plant Science 143. Laboratory, M W or T T h 10-12:30. Assignments to laboratory section must be made at time
of registration. Plant Science 219. Associate Professor U h l .
The principal topics considered are protoplasm, cells and their components,

nuclear and cell division, meiosis and fertilization, and the relation of these to the problems of development, reproduction, taxonomy, and heredity. Both plant and animal materials are used. M icrotechnique is not included.
125. M I C R O T E C H N I Q U E . Spring term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite, course
1 and permission to register. Hours to be arranged. Associate Professor U h l .
A laboratory course in methods of preparing plant material for microscopical study.
224. C Y T O G E N E T I C S . Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 124 and Plant Breeding 101 or the equivalent. Lectures, M W 9. Plant Science 143.
Laboratory, M or W 10-12:30. Plant Science 219. Professor R a n d o l p h .
An advanced course dealing mainly with the chromosome mechanism of heredity and with recent researches in cytology, cytotaxonomy, and cytogenetics.
[126. M O R P H O L O G Y OF V A S C U L A R P L A N T S . Spring term. Credit three hours a term. Prerequisite, course 1 or its equivalent, and permission to register. Given in
alternate years. Professor B a n k s .] N ot given in 1 9 5 4 -5 5 .
An advanced course in the comparative morphology, life histories, and phylogeny of the lower vascular plants, both fossil and recent.
127. M O R P H O L O G Y OF V A S C U L A R P L A N T S . Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 1 or its equivalent, and permission to register. Lectures, M W 11.
Plant Science 141. Laboratory, M W 2-4:30. Plant Science 211. Professor B a n k s .
An advanced course in the comparative morphology, life histories, and phylogeny of the higher vascular plants, both fossil and recent.
C O M P A R A T IV E M O R P H O L O G Y OF FUNGI. Given in the Department of Plant Pathology.
31. P L A N T P H Y S IO L O G Y . Fall or spring term. Credit four hours. Prerequisite, course 1 or Biology 1 and introductory chemistry. Lectures, T T h 10. Plant Science 143. Laboratory, T T h , or W F 2-4:30, or M 2-4:30, and S 8-10:30. Plant Science
227. Professor D. G. C l a r k .
This course is designed to acquaint the student with the general principles of plant physiology. Topics such as water relations, photosynthesis, translocation, d i­ gestion, respiration, mineral nutrition, growth, and reproduction are studied in detail. Particular emphasis is placed, both in laboratory and classroom, on the dis­ cussion of principles and their application to plants.
231. P L A N T PH YSIO LO G Y, A D V A N C E D L E C T U R E COURSE. Fall and spring terms. Credit three hours a term. Lim ited to seniors and graduate students. Pre­ requisite, training in botany and chemistry, to be determined in each case by the
professor in charge. Lectures, M W F 10. Plant Science 143. Professor St e w a r d .
232. P L A N T P HYSIO LOG Y, AD V AN C E D L A B O R A T O R Y COURSE. Fall and spring terms. Credit three hours a term. Prerequisite or parallel, course 231. Laboratory, T T h or W F 2-5:30. Plant Science 241. Assistant Professor W. D.
Bonner.
233. S E M IN A R I N P L A N T P H YSIO LO G Y. Fall and spring terms. Required of graduate students taking work in the department. Conference, F 11. Plant Science
Seminar Room . Professors D. G. C l a r k and St e w a r d and Assistant Professor W . D. Bonner.
The discussion of current problems in plant physiology; the presentation of re­ ports on the research of graduate students and members of the staff.
234. P L A N T P H YSIO LO G Y, A D V A N C E D L E C T U R E COURSE. Fall term. Credit one hour. Prerequisite, course 231 or adequate preparation in botany and chemistry. W 8. Plant Science 37. Professor Snyder.

T his course deals primarily with physiology in relation to hormones, photoperiodism, and vernalization.
171. S P E C IA L P R O B L E M S I N G E N E R A L B O T A N Y , T A X O N O M Y , M O R ­ PHOLOGY, ANATOM Y, PALEOBOTANY, ECONOMIC BOTANY, CYTOLOGY, A N D P H Y S I O L O G Y . Fall and spring terms. Credit not less than two hours a term.
B y appointm ent. Professors B a n k s , D. G. C l a r k , C l a u s e n , M u e n s c h e r , P e t r v , R a n ­ d o l p h , and St e w a r d , Associate Professor U h l and Assistant Professor W. D. B o n n e r .
Students engaged in special problems or making special studies may register in this course. They must satisfy the instructor under whom the work is taken that their preparation warrants their choice of problem.
CONSERVATION
Students desiring to specialize in conservation may obtain a suggested list of courses for the four-year period by consulting the Department.
1. C O N S E R V A T I O N OF W IL D L IF E . Fall term. Credit two hours. Lectures,
T Th 11 and occasional evenings. Fernow 122. Professors Sw a n s o n , C l a u s e n , W . J . H a m il t o n , J r ., K ello g g , P a l m , and R a n e y , Associate Professors, A y ers, C o n k l in , H e w it t , and W e b s t e r , Assistant Professor L. S. H a m il t o n , and cooperating spe­
cialists. An introduction to the wildlife resources of North America and their inter-rela­
tions with other resources; the importance of the flora and fauna in our economic and cultural life; the history of wildlife decimation, the present need for conser­ vation, and the methods employed to reestablish the various species. Serves as an introductory course for conservation majors and is of general cultural and infor­ mational interest to students in other fields.
2. F A R M F O R E S T R Y . Fall term. Credit three hours. Lectures, M W 11. Lab­
oratory, T or W 2-4:30. Fernow 122. Assistant Professor L. S. H a m il t o n .
Principal trees of New York State woodlands; identification, silvical requirements, and uses; volum e measurements of logs, trees, and stands; growth and yields; re­ forestation; development of natural and planted stands; utilization and marketing of timber; properties and uses of wood; wood preservation; sustained-yield manage­ ment of woodlands.
3. C O N S E R V A T I O N OF N A T U R A L R E S O U R C E S . Spring term. Credit two
hours. Lectures, T T h 10. Fernow 122. Assistant Professor L. S. H a m il t o n .
T he natural-resource problems of the United States; natural resources in national welfare; the conservation movement; public land policies; natural resources of major importance; use and exploitation; present inventories; problems of the future; essential points in a national conservation program.
4. M A N A G E M E N T OF W O O D LA N D S. Spring term. Credit three hours. Lec­ tures, M W 11. Fernow 210. Laboratory, M 2-4:30. Assistant Professor L. S.
H am ilton.
Limited to those majoring in wildlife management and allied fields. Forest and type mapping; stock inventories by sampling methods; cover types and ecological relationships; silvicultural methods of improving and regenerating forests; protec­ tion from fire and other injurious agencies; forest-management plans; federal and state laws dealing with major aspects of forest policy.
8. E L E M E N T A R Y T A X O N O M Y A N D N A T U R A L H I S T O R Y OF V E R T E ­ B R A T E S . Fall and spring terms. Credit three hours a term. Prerequisite, Zoology 103 and 104 or 101 and 102. Lecture M 8. Fernow 122. Laboratory, M W 2-4:30
or T T h 2-4:30. Fernow 14. Professors W. J . H a m il t o n , J r . and R a n e y .
Lectures on fishes, amphibia, reptiles, birds, and mammals, dealing with the

principles of classification and nomenclature, characteristics, relationships, and bionomics of these groups. T he laboratory gives practice in the identification of North American species. Field studies of the local fauna are undertaken during the fall and spring.

9. G E N E R A L O R N I T H O L O G Y . Spring term. Credit three hours. Lectures M W 11. Fernow 122. Field and Laboratory, W or T h 2-4:30. Fernow 210. Associate
Professor Sib l e y .
Introduction to the biology of birds; their structure, classification, adaptations for flight, migration, distribution, behavior, ecology, and evolution. Field and labora­ tory work on identification of local species. Field studies will include two all-day field trips.

22. I C H T H Y O L O G Y . Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 8 or permission to register. Lectures, T T h 8. Fernow 122. Laboratory, F 2-4:30.
Fernow 14. Professor R a n e y .
Evolution, relationships, structure, habits, ecology, and literature of fishes. Lab­ oratory studies on structure and identification of North American fishes. Field studies on ecology and life histories include one all-day field trip.

[23. H E R P E T O L O G Y . Spring term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite, course 8.
Professors W. J. H a m i l t o n , J r. and R a n e y .] N ot given in 1954-55.
Structure and classification of amphibia and reptiles; their characteristics, rela­ tionships, and bionomics.

25. M A M M A L O G Y . Fall term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 8 or per­ mission of instructor. Lectures, T T h 8. Fernow 122. Laboratory, F 2-4:30 or S
8-10:30. Fernow 14. Professor W. J. H a m il t o n , Jr.
Principal phases of mammalian life; origin, distribution, habits, and literature. Laboratory periods are devoted to methods of field collecting, census taking, lifehistory studies, preparation of skins and skeletons, and identification of North American species.

101. S E L E C T E D T O P IC S I N C O N S E R V A T I O N . Fall term. Credit one hour.
One m eeting each week, to be arranged. Fernow 102. Professor Sw a n s o n .
Primarily for graduate students who are also registered in course 1, but open to other graduate students. Discussions of important conservation problems of current interest.

102. P R I N C IP L E S OF W IL D L I F E M A N A G E M E N T . Fall term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, consent of instructor. Lectures, M W F 10, and two field trips
to be arranged. Fernow 12 2. Associate Professor H e w e t t .
Fundamental mechanisms of wildlife populations; ecological, social, and eco­ nomic aspects of wildlife management.

103. W I L D L I F E M A N A G E M E N T M E T H O D S . Spring term. Credit

threehours.

Prerequisite, consent of instructor. Lecture, F 11. Laboratory, S 8-1.
Several all-day field trips. Associate Professor H e w it t .

Fernow 212.

Methods and techniques in the management of game species and their practical

application in the field. Intended for students interested in professional wildlife

management.

110. E C O N O M I C ZO O L O G Y . Spring term. Credit one hour. Prerequisite,course 8. F 8. Fernow 122. Associate Professor E a d ie .
Food habits of mammals of economic importance; control of injurious species; economics of w ildlife resources; conservation legislation.

112. L I T E R A T U R E OF E C O N O M I C Z O O L O G Y , C O N S E R V A T I O N , A N D ECOLOGY. Spring term. Credit one hour. Limited to upperclass students and

graduates. W 9. Fernow 14. Professors W. J. H a m il t o n , Jr. and R a n e y and Associ­ ate Professor E a d ie .
T he literature of economic zoology, ecology, and kindred fields; fish and fisheries, aquaria, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals; wildlife management; preserves; game farms, animals in relation to recreation.
122. A D V A N C E D I C H T H Y O L O G Y . Fall term. Credit one or two hours. Pre­ requisite, courses 8 and 22, Elementary Statistics, and permission of instructor. Lim ­ ited to seniors and graduate students. Hours to be arranged. Fernow 14. Professor R aney.
Lectures (one hour) on speciation, intergradation, hybridization, distribution in fishes, and biometrical methods in vertebrate taxonomy. Methods of carrying on ecological and life-history investigations. Laboratory (one period) on taxonomic studies of eastern North American fishes.
126. A D V A N C E D O R N I T H O L O G Y . Fall term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 8 or 9 and permission of instructor. Lecture and laboratory, T T h 2-5.
Fernow 21 0 . Associate Professor Sib l e y .
Structure and classification of birds; geographical distribution and characteristics of orders and families. Advanced study of avian biology, systematics, and the literature.
131. T E C H N I Q U E S I N O R N I T H O L O G Y . Fall term. Credit three hours. Pre­ requisite, courses 8 and 9, Botany I, and Entomology 12, or permission of instructor.
Lecture and Laboratory, M W 2-5. Fernow 210. Professor K ello g g .
For students planning to teach or engage in ornithology either as a profession or as an avocation. Emphasized are: photography of birds with modern equipment, recording of bird songs and techniques of sound study with audio spectrograph and other tools, and preparation of technical papers, news releases, and radio programs in relation to conservation, together with studies of classroom, extension, and field instruction and of survey methods in ornithology.
133. C U R R E N T R E S E A R C H A N D R E S E A R C H M E T H O D S I N O R N I T H O L ­ OGY. Fall term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite, permission to register. Lim ited to graduate students. Lecture and laboratory, hours to be arranged. Fernow 210.
Associate Professor Sib l e y .
Studies and reports on current and classic research literature, especially that dealing with avian speciation; practice in research methods and preparation of papers; application of statistics, serology, and other techniques to systematics.
L I M N O L O G Y (E N T O M O L O G Y A N D L I M N O L O G Y 171.) Fall term. Credit three hours. See full description under Entomology and Limnology.
173. F I S H E R Y B I O L O G Y . Fall term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, perm is­
sion of instructor. Lectures, M W F 12. Fernow 122. Associate Professor W e b s t e r .
T h e life histories and ecological requirements of some fresh water game fishes; and the principles and techniques of fishery management.
174. F ISH C U L T U R E . Spring term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite, permission of instructor. Lecture M 12. Laboratory, M 2-4:30. Fernow 126. Associate Professor
A. M. P h il l ip s , J r .
A study of the production of fish in hatcheries and hatchery management.
175. F I S H E R Y B I O L O G Y L A B O R A T O R Y . Spring term. Credit two hours. Pre­ requisite, course 173 and permission of instructor. Lim ited to graduate majors and minors, and to qualified seniors. T T h 1:30-5. Fernow 126. Associate Professor
W ebster.
Field and biometrical exercises in fishery management.

W A T E R P O L L U T IO N C O N T R O L (C IV IL E N G IN E E R IN G 2531). Fall term. Credit three hours. See fu ll description in A n n o u n c e m e n t of the College of E n g i­ neering.
180. O C E A N O G R A P H Y . Fall term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, general zoology, botany, chemistry, and physics, or the equivalents. Lectures, T T h 10.
Laboratory, T h 12. Fernow 122. Associate Professor A y e r s .
Physical and chemical aspects of the oceans, particularly as background for marine ecology; geography and geology of the ocean floor; currents, tides; distribution of temperatures. Laboratory work in processing oceanographic data.
181. M A R I N E E C O L O G Y . Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, gen ­ eral zoology, chemistry, physics, and either invertebrate zoology or limnology. Lec­
tures, M W F 9. Fernow 122. Associate Professor A y e r s .
T h e sea as an environment; the physical and chemical characteristics of marine habitats; the productivity of the sea; the relation of hydrography to fisheries and faunal distributions.
400-407. R E SE A R C H P RO BLEM S. Either term. Credit and hours to be ar­ ranged. Problems are undertaken in any of the fields of study in the Department, but adequate preparation in the specialized field, and permission of the instructor are prerequisites. Fernow Hall.
400. F IS H E R Y B IO LO G Y. Associate Professors W e b ster and A. M. P h il l ip s , J r . 4 0 1. H E R P E T O L O G Y . Professors W. J. H a m il t o n , J r . and R a n e y . 4 0 2 . IC H T H Y O L O G Y . Professor R a n e y .
403. M A M M A L O G Y . Professor W. J. H a m il t o n , J r . and Associate Professor E a d ie .
4 0 4 . O R N IT H O L O G Y . Professor K ello gg a n d Associate Professor Sib l e y .
405. W IL D L IF E M A N A G E M E N T . Professor Sw a n so n and Associate Professors E a d ie and H e w it t .
406. F O R E S T R Y . Assistant Professors L. S. H a m il t o n and M o r r o w .
407. O C E A N O G R A P H Y . Associate Professor A y ers.
410. C O N S E R V A T IO N S E M IN A R . Fall and spring terms. W ithout credit. R e­ quired of graduate students majoring in conservation, but open to all who are interested. 7:30-9:00 p.m. Staff.
Discussions of literature and current research in the broad field of conservation of birds, mammals, and fishes.
DAIRY INDUSTRY
Students intending to specialize in Dairy Industry are urged to elect qualitative and quantitative analysis, organic chemistry, and general bacteriology so that these courses may be completed by the end of the first term of the junior year.
1. I N T R O D U C T O R Y D A I R Y SCIENCE. Fall term. Credit three hours. Pre­ requisite, Chemistry 102 or 106. Lectures, T T h 11. Stocking 218. Laboratory, T T h 1:40-4:30, or S 8-11. Stocking 209. Professor J. C. W h it e and assistants.
T he scientific and practical aspects of milk and a survey of the dairy industry. Especial attention is given to the composition of m ilk and its physical and chemical properties, quantitative tests for fat and other constituents.
5. B I O C H E M I C A L C O N T R O L OF D A I R Y P R O D U C T S . Spring term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite, course 1. Lecture, F 11. Laboratory practice, F 1-4. Stock­ ing 120. Associate Professor K r u k o v s k y .

The chemical analysis of milk and dairy products, and the biochemical changes in these products that cause undesirable flavors and other changes.
2 2 . M A R K E T M IL K . Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 1
and Bacteriology 1 or 3. N ot open to dairy majors. Lectures, M W 10. Recitation,
W 2 . Stocking 119. Professor H o l l a n d .
T he scientific, technical, and sanitary aspects of the fluid milk industry.
102. M A R K E T M I L K . Spring term. Credit five hours. Prerequisite, course 1, and Bacteriology 1 or its equivalent. Lectures, M W 10. Laboratory, M W 2-6. Stocking 120. Professor H o l l a n d and assistants.
T he scientific, technical, and sanitary aspects of the fluid-milk industry.
103. M I L K - P R O D U C T S M A N U F A C T U R I N G . Fall term. Credit five hours. Prerequisite, course 1, Bacteriology 1, and organic chemistry. T T h 11-4:30. Stock­ ing 120. Associate Professor K o s ik o w s k i and assistant.
T he principles and practice of making butter, cheese, and casein, including a study of the physical, chemical, and biological factors involved. Consideration is given also to commercial operations and dairy-plant management.
104. M IL K -P R O D U C T S M A N U F A C T U R IN G . Spring term. Credit five hours. Prerequisite, course 102. T T h 1 1 -4 :3 0 . Stocking 119. Assistant Professor J o rdan
and assistant. T he principles and practice of making condensed and evaporated milk, milk
powders, ice cream, and by-products, including a study of the physical, chemical, and biological factors involved.
108. C O M M E R C I A L G R A D E S OF D A I R Y P R O D U C T S . Spring term. Credit one hour. Should be preceded by course 1. W 2 -5. Associate Professor Sh i p e .
T he classification of dairy products and the factors involved in grading them.
111. A N A L Y T I C A L M E T H O D S . Spring term. Credit four hours. Prerequisite, quantitative analysis. Lectures, T T h 11. Laboratory practice, T 1-5. Stocking 120. Professor H e r r in g t o n and assistant.
A study of the more important operations and apparatus used in quantitative analysis, and their practical application.
113. C H E M I S T R Y OF M I L K . Fall term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite, qualitative and quantitative analysis and organic chemistry. Lectures, M W 8. Stocking 120. Professor H e r r in g t o n and Associate Professor Sh ip e .
T he subject matter changes from year to year. It may deal with colloidal phenom ­ ena in milk and its products. It may deal with the enzymes of milk, with milk pro­ teins, with milk fat, or with chemical reactions and equilibria in dairy products. Graduate students may re-register in successive years and find little duplication of material.
130. D A I R Y E N G I N E E R I N G . Fall term. Credit five hours. Prerequisite, Physics 103 and 104 or the equivalent and course 1. Lectures, M W F 10. Laboratory, M W 2-4:30. Recitation to be arranged. Stocking 119. Assistant Professor J o r d a n and Mr.
H o f .f e r .
Engineering aspects of dairy-plant operations and a study of dairy-plant forms and records used in inventory control.
DAIRY BACTERIOLOGY. (See Bacteriology.)
210. SP EC IA L TO P IC S I N D A I R Y C H E M I S T R Y . Fall term. Credit one hour. Registration b y permission. T im e to be arranged. Professor H e r r in g t o n .
T h e class undertakes, by cooperative effort, to prepare a comprehensive, written review of some topic in the field of dairy chemistry. T h e subject for review is changed each term and graduate students may register indefinitely.

[220. C H E M I S T R Y OF M I L K P R O D U C T S . Spring term. Credit four hours. Prerequisite, course 113. P rofessor----------- .] N ot given in 1954-55.
An advanced consideration of the chemical physical aspects of milk products.
251. SPECIAL P R O B L E M S I N D A I R Y SCIENCE. Fall or spring term. Credit one or more hours, by arrangement. For advanced students. Assistant Professor J o r d a n .
Special problems in any phase of dairy science may be elected.
252. S E M I N A R . Fall and spring terms. T im e to be arranged. Stocking. Staff.
DRAW ING
MECHANICAL
1. M E C H A N I C A L D R A W I N G . Fall or spring term. Credit three hours. Lec­ tures, T T h 8. Stocking 119. Laboratory: fall term, W 1-5 or T h 1-5; spring term, W 1-5. Stocking 410. Limited to 24 students per laboratory. Book and supply lists are available at the book stores. Mr. F urry.
A course dealing with graphic presentation. T he work includes lettering; use of instruments; orthographic projection involving plans, elevations, and sections; iso­ metric drawing; auxiliaries, and the practical applications of these principles to simple problems.
2. A D V AN C E D M E C H A N IC A L D R A W IN G . Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 1 or sufficient high school drawing. Lectures, W F 8. Stocking 119. Laboratory, T h 1-5. Stocking 410. Lim ited to 24 students per laboratory. Book and supply lists are available at the book stores. Mr. F u r r y .
A continuation of course 1 with work on machine drawing, including assembly drawings; intersections; developments; descriptive geometry; sectional and auxil­ iary views; and the use of conventional symbols.
FREEHAND DRAWING AND ILLUSTRATION
10. D R A W I N G F O R L A N D S C A P E S T U D E N T S . T hroughout the year. Credit two hours a term. First term, W F 1:40-4:30; second term, M W F 11-1. Mann 500. Assistant Professor B u r c k m y e r and Mr. L a m b e r t .
A course planned to develop (1) practical ability in the sketching of outdoor planting and landscaped features; (2) facility in lettering, in isometric and per­ spective drawing.
11. F R E E H A N D D R A W I N G . Fall or spring term. Credit three hours. For be­ ginning students. Lecture, T or W 10. Laboratory, five hours of practice to be scheduled between 9 and 12 M T W T h F, or T 2-4. M ann 500. Assistant Pro­ fessor B u r c k m y e r and Mr. L a m b e r t .
T he objective is to develop accuracy of observation and skill in delineation. Practice is given in outdoor sketching and in the drawing of interior scenes, figures, and subjects within the students’ special fields of interest. T he principles of freehand perspective are taught and applied. T he course is designed to aid those who plan to work in nature study, biological sciences, and home economics.
12. F R E E H A N D D R A W I N G A N D I L L U S T R A T I O N . Fall term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 11 or the equivalent. Lecture, M or T h 10. Practice, five hours to be scheduled between 9 and 12 M T W T h F or on T 2-4. Mann 500. Assistant Professor B u r c k m y e r and Mr. L a m b e r t .
T h is course carries on from the object drawing of the beginning course to the organization of a complete illustration. T he subject matter is derived largely from quick, on-the-spot sketches. Composition, perspective relationships, and ways of rendering are all considered. T h e work is planned primarily to help students who expect to use their sketching ability in landscape work, interior decorating, and in the illustrating of their own papers, bulletins, and books.

14. W A T E R C O L O R I L L U S T R A T I O N . Spring term. Credit two hours. Pre­ requisite, course 11 or the equivalent. Six hours of practice must be scheduled be­ tween 9 and 12 M T W T h F S or T 2-4. Mann 500. Assistant Professor B u r c k m y e r and Mr. L a m b e r t .
T he student learns to m ix colors, lay washes, and plan the values of his compo­ sition before he tries illustration in color.
16. S P EC IA L P R O B L E M S . Fall or spring term. Credit two hours. For advanced students. Three hours of practice required for each hour of credit. Prerequisite, course 10, 12, or the equivalent. Mann 500. Assistant Professor B u r c k m y e r and Mr.
L am bert.
For students who wish to attain proficiency in some particular type of illustration or technique.
17. SC I E N T IF I C I L L U S T R A T I O N . Spring term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite, course 11 or permission of the instructor. Six hours of practice to be scheduled between 9 and 12 M T W T h F or on T 2-4. Mann 500. Assistant Professor
B urckmyer.
This course surveys illustration methods suitable for different scientific fields and gives training in the techniques of pen and ink, scratch board, stipple board, wash, and Bourges overlays. Instruction is given in the use of the camera lucida. Methods of reproducing illustrations are studied with relation to cost and problems of pub­ lication.
ENTOMOLOGY AND LIMNOLOGY
For related work see the courses listed under the heading “Conservation” in this Announcement, and under “Zoology” in the Announcem ent of the College of Arts and Sciences.
BIOLOGY
1. G E N E R A L B IO L O G Y . Fall and spring terms. Credit three hours a term. T he course may be started in either term. N ot open to students who have had both Zoology 104 and Botany 1. If Biology 1 is taken after either Zoology 104 or Botany 1, credit two hours a term. Lectures and demonstration, M W 9 or 11. Roberts 392. One laboratory a week, M T W T h or F 2—4:30 or T 10—12:20. Roberts 301 and 302. Professor H o o d and assistants.
An elementary course planned to meet the needs of students majoring outside of the plant and animal sciences; particularly adapted as the first year of a two-year sequence in biology for the prospective teacher of general science in the secondary schools. T he course deals with the nature of life, life processes, the activities and origin of living things. It covers the organization of representative plants and ani­ mals, including man as an organism, and the principles of nutrition, growth, be­ havior, reproduction, heredity, and evolution.
9. B I O L O G I C A L BASIS OF SO C IA L P R O B L E M S . Spring term. Credit three hours. N ot to be taken as a substitute for, or after, Biology 1. N o prerequisite. Lectures and demonstration, T T h S 9. Roberts 392. Associate Professor U h l e r .
An elementary course designed especially to furnish a background in biological science for students in the College of Home Economics who intend to enter the field of nursery-school teaching, though open to other interested students as well. A sur­ vey course of biological principles, with emphasis on human structure, development, heredity, and eugenics.
105. L A B O R A T O R Y M E T H O D S I N B IO L O G Y . Fall term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, Biology 1, Botany 1, or Zoology 102 or 104. Lecture and laboratory,

r or F 10-12:30, arul additional periods by appointm ent. Roberts 306. Associate Professor U h l e r .
For students who intend to teach 01 to follow some phase of biology as a profes­ sion. Subjects covered: collection, preservation, and storage of materials; the prepa­ ration of bird and mammal skins for study; injection of blood vessels and em balm ­ ing; clearing and staining of small vertebrates; protozoological methods; and the preparation and staining of smears, whole mounts, and sectional materials.
GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY
Students are accepted as majors in entom ology only upon the consent of the head of the Department or of a member of the staff designated to act for him. Except in certain fields, this will normally be done only at the end of the sophomore year. Certain prescribed courses are required, and a high scholastic average is ex­ pected.
10. I N T R O D U C T O R Y E N T O M O L O G Y . Fall or spring term. Credit three hours. Lectures: fall term, W F 11; spring term, T T h 9. Comstock 245. Laboratory: fall term, W T h or F 2-4:30; spring term, M T W T h or F 2-4:30. Comstock 100. Professor W atkins and assistants.
A survey of the structure, biology, and classification of insects; types of insect control; and the major groups of insecticides, their formulation and application. Laboratory exercises on the anatomy and biology of insects, with practice in the identification of representative forms including many of the commoner species of economic importance.
[116. I N S E C T E C O LO G Y. Fall term. Credit three hours. Given in alternate years. Prerequisite, Biology 1 or Zoology 102 or 104, and course 10 or the equivalent. Professor P a l m .] Not given i n 1954-55.
A study of insects in relation to their environment, with special attention given to the applied aspects of insect ecology. Field and laboratory work provide an op­ portunity for color photography with insects.
[218. T E C H N I C S OF B I O L O G I C A L L I T E R A T U R E . Fall term. Credit two hours. Given in alternate years. Associate Professor F r a n c l e m o n t .] Not given in 1954-55.
History of the development of entomological literature and a critical study of the biologists’ works of reference. Practice in the use of indices and bibliographies, and practice in the preparation of the latter.
INSECT MORPHOLOGY
222. IN S E C T M O R P H O L O G Y , A N A T O M Y , A N D H IS T O L O G Y . Fall and spring terms. Credit three hours a term. Prerequisite, course 10 or the equivalent. Lecture, T 10. Comstock 145. Laboratory, M W 2-4:30. Comstock 270. Associate Professor
B utt.
A study of external and internal anatomy of insects. Laboratories include gross dissection and histological studies of internal organs of representative insects.
223. IN S E C T E M B R Y O L O G Y A N D P O S T E M B R Y O N I C D E V E L O P M E N T . Spring term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite, course 222. Hours by arrangement. Associate Professor B u t t .
Lectures with assigned reading and reports by students.
224. I N S E C T H I S T O L O G Y : T E C H N I Q U E . Fall or spring term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite, course 222. Two laboratories a week by appointment. Comstock 265. Associate Professor B u t t .
The technique of preparing, sectioning, and mounting insect tissues for study.

INSECT TAXONOMY
130. I N T R O D U C T O R Y I N S E C T T A X O N O M Y . Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 10. Lecture, T h 10. Comstock 300. Laboratory, T T h 2-4:30. Comstock 300. Assistant Professor E v a n s.
An introduction to the classification, nomenclature, and distribution of insects. Laboratory practice in the identification of orders, families, and representative genera of insects; methods of collection and preparation of insect specimens. Field trips are taken in the late spring.
[231. T A X O N O M Y OF I N S E C T S E X C L U S I V E OF T H E L A R G E R O R D E R S OF H O L O M E T A B O L A . Fall term. Credit four hours. Given in alternate years. Pre­ requisite, course 130. Assistant Professor E v a n s.] N ot given in 1954-55.
Lectures on the classification, bionomics, and evolution of the orders and families of insects, exclusive of the larger orders of Holometabola. Laboratory studies on the literature and on the characters and classification of representative genera and species. Continuation of taxonomy of H olom etabola is in courses 232, 233, and 234.
232. T A X O N O M Y OF T H E I M M A T U R E S T A G E S OF H O L O M E T A B O L A . Fall term. Credit three hours. Given in alternate years. Prerequisite, courses 130 and 231 or permission of the instructor. Lecture, F 10. Comstock 300. Laboratory, F 2-4:30; and one other by arrangement. Comstock 300. Assistant Professor E v a ns and Associate Professor F r a n c l e m o n t .
Lectures on the structure and habits of insect larvae. Laboratory studies of the literature, comparative morphology, and identification of the immature stages of the Holometabola.
[233. T A X O N O M Y OF T H E H O L O M E T A B O L A : C O L E O P T E R A A N D DIPT E R A . Spring term. Credit three hours. Given in alternate years. Prerequisite, courses 130 and 231 or permission of the instructor. Assistant Professor E v a n s and Associate Professor F r a n c l e m o n t .] Not given in 1954-55.
Lectures on the classification, bionomics, and evolution of the Coleoptera and Diptera. Laboratory studies on the literature and on the characters and classification of representative genera and species of these orders.
234. T A X O N O M Y OF T H E H O L O M E T A B O L A : L E P ID O P T E R A A N D HYM E N O P T E R A . Spring term. Credit three hours. Given in alternate years. Pre­ requisite, courses 130 and 231 or permission of the instructor. Lecture, F 10. Com­ stock 300. Laboratory, F 2-4:30 and one by arrangement. Comstock 300. Associate Professor F r a n c l e m o n t and Assistant Professor E v a n s.
Lectures on the classification, bionomics, and evolution of the Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. Laboratory studies on the literature and on the characters and classification of representative genera and species of these orders.
235. P RO C E D U R E S I N T A X O N O M Y . Fall term. Credit two hours. Given in alternate years. Prerequisite, course 130. Lectures, T T h 9. Comstock 300. Associate Professor F r a n c l e m o n t .
A study of zoological nomenclature; the preparation of taxonomic papers, in­ cluding descriptions, keys, and illustrations; methods of analyzing taxonomic data.
ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
141. G E N E R A L E C O N O M I C E N T O M O L O G Y . Fall term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 10 or the equivalent. Lectures, T T h 9. Comstock 145. Labora­ tory, T 2-4:30. Comstock 100. Professor W a t k in s and assistants.
Lectures on the life histories and habits of insects injurious to the major plant and animal crops of the United States, and on methods used in their control; laboratory exercises on the commoner pests and more important insecticides.

241. SPECIAL TO PIC S I N E C O N O M IC E N T O M O L O G Y . Fall term. Credit three hours. Given in alternate years. Prerequisite, course 141 or permission to register. Lectures, M W 11. Comstock 145. Laboratory, F 11-1. Comstock 100. Professor Sc h w a e d t and Associate Professor G y r is c o .
A course for graduate and advanced undergraduate students dealing with funda­ mental principles of insect control, with discussion of some of the major problems in agricultural entomology. Topics covered: insect pests of livestock and of stored grain and forage crops.
242. SPECIAL TO PIC S I N E C O N O M IC E N T O M O L O G Y . Spring term. Credit three hours. Given in alternate years. Prerequisite, course 141 or perm ission to register. Lectures, M W 11. Comstock 145. Laboratory, F 11-1. Comstock 100. Associate Professors B r a n n and D e w e y .
A continuation of course 241. Topics treated; insecticide application equipment; and insect pests of fruit.
[243. S P EC IA L TO P IC S I N E C O N O M I C E N T O M O L O G Y . Fall term. Credit three hours. Given in alternate years. Prerequisite, course 141 or permission to register. Professor R aw lins and Assistant Professor E vans.] N ot given in 1954-55.
A continuation of courses 241 and 242. Topics covered; biological control; legis­ lative entomology; and insect pests of vegetable crops.
[244. SP E C IA L TO P IC S I N E C O N O M I C E N T O M O L O G Y . Spring term. Credit three hours. Given in alternate years. Prerequisite, course 141 or permission to register. Assistant Professor N a e c e l e and Associate Professor M a t t h y s se .] N ot given in 1954-55.
A continuation of courses 241, 242, and 243. Topics covered: insects pests of woody ornamentals, forests, and turf; and insect pests of commercial florist crops and herbaceous ornamentals.
PARASITOLOGY AND MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY
[151. P A R A S I T O L O G Y . Spring term. Credit three hours. Given in alternate years. Prerequisite, Biology 1 or Zoology 102 or 104. Course 10 is also recommended. Pro­ fessor T r a v is .] N ot given in 1954-55.
A study of the principal protozoan and helminth parasites of man and other vertebrates, with special emphasis given to life histories and recognition.
152. M E D IC A L E N T O M O L O G Y . Fall term. Credit three hours. Given in alter­ nate years. Prerequisite, Biology 1 or Zoology 102 or 104. Course 10 is recommended. Lecture, W 10. Comstock 200. Laboratory, T h 2-4:30 and S 10:30-1. Comstock 200. Professor T r a v is.
A study of insects and other arthropods that are the causative agents of disease in man and other animals, or are the vectors, or are the intermediate hosts of dis­ ease-producing organisms. Laboratory studies stress life histories and recognition.
154. W IL D L I F E P A R A S I T O L O G Y . Fall term. Credit two hours. Given in alter­ nate years. For qualified graduate and undergraduate students w ith a special interest in the parasites of wildlife. Prerequisite, permission to register. Lecture, T 9. Com­ stock 200. Laboratory, T h 10-12:30. Comstock 200. Professor T ra v is.
A technical course that stresses the life histories and the recognition of parasites associated with wildlife species.
[253. P A R A S I T O L O G Y T E C H N IQ U E S . Spring term. Credit two hours. Given in alternate years. Prerequisite, course 151 or may be taken concurrently w ith course 151. U n d e r g r a d u a t e s b y permission. Professor T r a v is.] N o t g i v e n in 1954-55.
A laboratory study of the techniques used by research and practical workers in the field of parasitology.

255. M E D IC A L E N T O M O L O G Y TE CH NIQ U E S. Fall term. Credit two hours. Given in alternate years. Prerequisite, course 152 or may be taken concurrently with course 152. Undergraduate students by permission. Lecture, F 11. Comstock 200. Laboratory, F 2-4:30. Comstock 200. Professor T rav is.
A laboratory study of the techniques used by research and practical workers in the field of medical entomology.
APICULTURE
Advanced and graduate students taking courses 222 and 223 and specializing in apiculture are perm itted to use the honeybee as illustrative material in the labora­ tory work of these courses.
61. I N T R O D U C T O R Y BEEKEEPING. Spring term. Credit two hours. Lectures,
T T h 11. Comstock 24 5. Professor D y c e .
T his course is intended to afford a general knowledge of the fundamentals of beekeeping, including the life history, instincts, and general behavior of honeybees. Special attention is given to the role of bees in the cross-pollination of agricultural crops, as well as production of honey and beeswax.
[261. A D V A N C E D B E E K E E P IN G . T hroughout the year. Credit three hours a term. Given in alternate years. Prerequisite, courses 10 and 61 and previous bee­
keeping experience. Professor D y c e and Associate Professor C o g g s h a l l .] N ot given
in 1954-55. An advanced course for those specializing in apiculture. Considerable time is
devoted to a study of the entire field of beekeeping. Laboratory work covers bee behavior, external and internal anatomy, disease diagnosis, honey and beeswax production, and preparation for market, and the management of colonies for pol­ lination service.
262. SPECIAL TO PICS I N BEEKEEPING . Throughout the year. Credit three hours a term. Given in alternate years. Registration by permission; open to qual­
ified juniors, seniors, and graduate students. B y appointment. Professor D y c e and Associate Professor C o g g sh a l l.
A technical course designed for advanced students, and covering scientific in­ vestigation in all phases of the subject. Special attention is given to improved methods of apiary and honey-house management and the preparation of honey for market. Current literature on beekeeping is assigned, reviewed, and evaluated by students. Lectures and discussions are supplemented by field trips.
LIMNOLOGY
171. L I M N O L O G Y . Fall term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, nine hours of biological science, a course in general physics, and a course in general chemistry. Lecture, F 10. Comstock 145. Laboratory and field trips, F 2—4:30 and S 8-10:30. Comstock 110. Associate Professor B e r g .
T he ecology of streams, lakes, and ponds, and conditions that determine their productivity.
272. A D V A N C E D L IM N O L O G Y . Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 171 and permission to register. Lecture, T h 11. Comstock 145. Laboratory and field trips, F 2-4:30 and S m orning by arrangement. Comstock 110. Associate
Professor B erg .
A quantitative treatment of the problem of the productivity of inland waters.
F IS H E R Y B IO L O G Y A N D FISH C U L T U R E . See full description under “Con­ servation.”

INSECT PHYSIOLOGY
[285. I N S E C T P H Y S IO L O G Y . Fall term. Credit five hours. Given in alternate years. Prerequisite, course 222, Chemistry 106, and Physics 104 or 108. Professor
P a t t o n .] Not given in 1954-55.
An introductory course for upperclassmen and graduate students. T he physiology of insect systems is discussed and demonstrated by a series of laboratory exercises.
INSECT TOXICOLOGY
295. C H E M I S T R Y A N D T O X IC O L O G Y OF INSECTICIDES. Fall term. Credit six hours. Given in alternate years. Prerequisite, general chemistry and organic chemistry. Undergraduate students by permission. Lectures, M W F 9. Comstock 145. Laboratory, M W 2—4:30 or T T h 9—11:30. Comstock 50. Discussion period to be arranged. Associate Professor D e w e y and ----------.
The fundamental chemical and physical properties of insecticides and the prin­ ciples of evaluating their effects on insects.
RESEARCH
300-399. R E SE A R C H . Fall and spring terms. Credit to be arranged. Prerequisite, permission to register from the professor under whom the work is to be taken. Com­ stock or Roberts.
307. B I O L O G Y . Professor H oon a n d Associate Professor U h l e r .
310. I N S E C T E C O L O G Y . Professor P a l m .
320. I N S E C T M O R P H O L O G Y , H I S T O L O G Y , A N D E M B R Y O L O G Y . A s s o c ia te
P rofessor B utt.
330. T A X O N O M Y . Professor H o o d , Associate Professors D ie t r ic h and F r a n o l e m o n t , and Assistant Professor E v an s.
340. E C O N O M IC E N T O M O L O G Y . Professors P a l m , Sc h w a r d t , L e ib y , R a w l in s , and W a t k in s ; Associate Professors B r a n n , D f.w f.y , M a t t h y s s e , G y r is c o , and L a P lante.
3 5 0 . M E D IC A L E N T O M O L O G Y A N D P A R A S IT O L O G Y . Professor T ra v is. 361. A P IC U L T U R E . Professor D y ce and Associate Professor C o g c sh a l l .
370. L I M N O L O G Y . Associate Professor B e r c .
38 5 . IN S E C T PH YSIO LO G Y. Professor P a t t o n .
395. I N S E C T I C I D A L C H E M I S T R Y . ----------- .
399. IN S E C T T O X IC O L O G Y . Associate Professor D e w e y .
SEMINAR
J U G A T A E . Fall and spring terms. M 4:30-5:30. Comstock 245. T h e work of an entom ological seminar is conducted by the Jugatae, an ento­ mological club that meets for a discussion of the results of investigations by its members.
EXTENSION TEACHING
1. O R A L A N D W R I T T E N E X P R E S S I O N . Throughout the year. Credit three hours a term. Primarily for students of the two-year courses. Lectures and practice: fall term, M W F 8 or 11 or T T h S 10; spring term, M W F 8, 9, or 11. Warren 231. Criticism, by appointm ent, daily 8-5 and S 8-1.Associate ProfessorF r e e m a n , Assistant Professor M a r t in , and Messrs. L u e d e r a n d ----------- .
Practice in oral and written presentation of topics in agriculture, with criticism

and individual appointments on the technique of public speech. Designed to en ­ courage interest in public affairs, and, through demonstrations and the use of graphic materials and other forms, to train for effective self-expression in public. Special training is given to competitors for the Eastman Prizes for Public Speaking and the Rice Debate Stage. In addition, some study is made of representative work in English literature. Part of the work in the second term is a study of parliamentary practice
101. O R A L A N D W R I T T E N E X P R E S S IO N . Fall or spring term. Credit two hours. Open to juniors and seniors. T h e number in each section is lim ited to twenty students. Lectures and practice: fall term, M W 9, T T h 9, 10, or 11, W F 10, Warren 131; spring term, M W 9, T T h 9 or 11, Warren 131. Criticism, by appointm ent, daily 8-5, S 8-1. Professor P e a b o d y , Associate Professor F r e e m a n , Assistant Professor M a r t in , and Mr. L u e d e r .
Practice in oral and written presentation of topics in agriculture, with criticism and individual appointments on the technique of public speech. Designed to en­ courage interest in public affairs, and, through demonstrations and the use of graphic material and other forms, to train for effective self-expression in public. Special training is given to competitors for the Eastman Prizes for Public Speak­ ing and in the Rice Debate contest. (See page 106.)
102. O R A L A N D W R I T T E N E X P R E S S I O N . Spring term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite, course 101, of which course 102 is a continuation. Lectures and prac­ tice, T T h 10 or W F 10. Warren 131. Criticism, by appointm ent, daily 8-5, S 8-1. Professor P e a b o d y and Associate Professor F r e e m a n .
A part of the work of the course consists of a study of parliamentary practice.
104. A D V A N C E D O R A L E X P R E S S I O N . Spring term. Credit two hours. Pre­ requisite, courses 101 and 102 and the permission of the instructor. Lim ited to nine students. M W 12. Warren 31. Professor P e a b o d y .
An advanced course of study and practice in oral expression as directly related to the needs of the county agricultural agent, the home demonstration agent, the 4-H Club agent, and the extension specialist.
JOURNALISM
15. A G R I C U L T U R A L A N D H O M E E C O N O M IC S J O U R N A L I S M . Fall term. Credit three hours. M W F 10. Warren 231. Professor W a r d .
An introductory course dealing with the farm press, daily and weekly news­ papers, magazines, trade journals, book publishing, advertising, radio, television, and other fields related to agricultural and home economics journalism. T he opera­ tions of the major mediums of communication and the techniques of writing for each are studied.
110. N E W S W R I T I N G . Spring term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite, course 15. T h 2 -4 . Warren 23 2. Associate Professor K n a p p .
Primarily the writing of agricultural and home-economics news for publication. T he course includes criticisms, discussions, and consultations on published material written by students.
[112. A G R I C U L T U R A L A D V E R T I S I N G A N D P R O M O T I O N . Spring term. Credit two hours. Open to juniors and seniors, and to other students by permis­ sion of the instructor. Professor W ard and guest lecturers from advertising agen­ cies.] N ot given in 1954-55.
T he use of commercial advertising and sales promotion methods and media in promoting the sale of products and new or improved farm and home practices and programs. Includes market analysis, planning of the advertising and/or pro­ motion units, selection of media, preparation of copy, and sales-promotion pieces.

113. W R I T I N G F O R M A G A Z I N E S . Spring term. Credit two hours. N ot open to freshmen. M 2-4. Warren 260. Professor W a rd .
A course dealing chiefly with the writing of fact articles for publication in agri­ cultural, home economics, or general magazines. Students may write on any subjects they choose. T he articles and publication markets are analyzed.
RADIO - TELEVISION
120. R A D I O B R O A D C A S T I N G A N D T E L E C A S T I N G . Spring term. Credit three hours. N ot open to freshmen. M W F 9. Warren 145. Associate Professor K a is e r , Mr. R ic h a r d s , and Mrs. G a b r ie l .
An introductory course to familiarize students, particularly those in agriculture and home economics, with the best methods of presenting ideas by radio and tele­ vision. Practice includes auditions and criticisms for all members of the class in preparing and presenting radio talks; continuity writing and program arrangements.
121. F A R M A N D H O M E R A D I O P R O D U C T I O N A N D P R O G R A M M I N G . Fall term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite, course 120 or permission of the instructor. T 2-4. W H CU Campus Studio. Associate Professor K a is e r and staff.
A comprehensive course in farm and home radio wiring, program planning, and presentation. T he course covers the actual gathering and correlating of material, transcribing, and discussion of results. Students are assigned regular program prob­ lems which they w ill carry through to com pletion. Field work is handled with wire and tape recorders. A television seminar is to be arranged.
VISUAL AIDS
130. P H O T O G R A P H Y . Spring term. Credit two hours. Lectures and laboratory, S 9-12. Roberts 131. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students. Lim ited to twenty-five students. Registration by permission only. Primarily intended for those who plan to enter fields of agriculture and home economics in which a knowledge o f photographic principles is important. Associate Professor E . S. P h il l ip s and Messrs. M a u r e r and T u r n e r .
A course that deals with the techniques of photography to be used in news­ papers, magazines, bulletins, and for film strips, motion pictures, and other media.
131. V ISU A L A ID S: T H E I R SCOPE, P R E P A R A T I O N , A N D USE. Fall term. Credit two hours. Lecture and demonstration, S 9-11. Roberts 392. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students. Associate Professor E. S. P h il l ip s and departmental staff.
A course designed to familiarize the student with the forms, purposes, preparation, and use of all types of visual aids (slide sets, motion and news photography, ex­ hibits, posters, and other media), useful to teaching, promotion, or public-relations problems in agriculture and home economics. Includes practice in selection of and planning specifically assigned problems.
EXTENSION ORGANIZATION AND METHODS
140. E X T E N S I O N O R G A N I Z A T I O N , A D M I N I S T R A T I O N , A N D P O L IC Y . Spring term. Credit three hours. Open to graduate students and seniors, and to juniors by special arrangement. Students who have not been following the cur­ riculum for extension workers should consult the instructor before registering. Lectures and exercises based on current extension work. M W F 11. Warren 201 Professor K elsey and others.
T his course is designed to familiarize students with the organization, adm in­ istration, methods, and policies of extension work as exem plified in N ew York State. It is for students interested in voluntary leadership in extension as w ell as for prospective county agricultural agents, county 4-H Club agents, or other ex­

tension workers in agriculture. (See also Homemaking Education courses in the College of Home Economics.)

FLORICULTURE AND ORNAM ENTAL HORTICULTURE
Instruction in the Department of Floriculture and Ornamental H orticulture is planned for students with the follow ing interests: (1) commercial plant production, distribution, or utilization, including the management of greenhouses, nurseries, and wholesale and retail establishments; (2) developing a landscape service, in ­ cluding the planning, construction, planting, and maintenance of small properties (these students are expected to register for one summer session); (3) superintend­ ence of parks, golf courses, cemeteries, or of private estates; (4) the culture and use of ornamental plants in the home garden and in the home.
Special curricula are set up to meet the needs of those students desiring training in the above fields.
Undergraduate students may plan their course as preparation for graduate train­ ing leading to university teaching, or research positions with universities, experiment stations, or industry.
Courses 1, 2, 10, 12, 13, 115, and 123 are required of all students majoring in the Department. These students must also satisfy the Department practice require­ ment based on experience with ornamental plants and their culture.

GENERAL COURSES

1. G E N E R A L F L O R I C U L T U R E A N D O R N A M E N T A L H O R T I C U L T U R E .

Fall term. Credit three hours. Intended primarily for department majors. Those

desiring a course in general horticulture should register for Vegetable Crops 3.

Lectures, M W 10. Plant Science 37. Laboratory, T W or T h 2-4. Plant Science 15.

Professor M a c D a n ie l s and M r .

.

An elementary course covering the principles and practices of growing ornamental

plants in the garden, greenhouse, and home.

2. I N T R O D U C T I O N T O L A N D S C A P E D E SIG N. Spring term. Credit three hours. Lectures, M W F 9. Plant Science 233. Associate Professor P o r t e r .
A consideration of the principles of landscape design as applied to the small residence property.

5. F L O W E R A R R A N G E M E N T . Fall or spring term. Credit two hours. Fall term: lecture, M 10, Plant Science 141; laboratory, M 2-4:30, T or W 10-12:30, Plant Science 22. Mrs. Fox. Spring term: lecture, T 10, Plant Science 37; laboratory, T or W 2-4:30 or T h 10-12:30, Plant Science 22. Mr. Fox.
A study of the principles and methods of arranging flowers and other plant m a­ terials for decorative use in the home and for exhibition.

PLANT MATERIALS
10. T A X O N O M Y OF C U L T I V A T E D P L A N T S . Fall term. Credit four hours. Intended primarily for students majoring in floriculture. Prerequisite, Botany 1 or its equivalent. Lectures, W F 11. Plant Science 37. Laboratory, T T h or W F 2-4:30. Plant Science 22. Assistant Professors D ress and L e e .
A study of the kinds of cultivated ferns and seed plants and their classification into families and genera. Emphasis is placed on methods of identification, the prepa­ ration and use of the analytical keys, the distinguishing characteristics of the fam­ ilies concerned and their importance in ornamental horticulture.
12. H E R B A C E O U S P L A N T M A T E R I A L S . Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 10 or permission to register. Should be followed by summer session course in Herbaceous Plant Materials. Lectures, T T h 8. Plant Science 37. Laboratory, W 10-12:30 or 2-4:30. Plant Science 15. Assistant Professor L e e .

A study of the ornamental herbaceous plants used in landscape and garden plant­ ings. Emphasis is placed on the identification, use, and culture of spring-flowering bulbs and perennials. T h e class visits Rochester parks and gardens in late May.
13. W O O D Y - P L A N T M A T E R I A L S . Spring term. Credit four hours. Prereq­ uisite, course 10 or permission to register. Lectures, T T h 9. Plant Science 37. Lab­ oratory and field trips, M and W or F 2-4:30. Plant Science 29. Associate Professor
Corn m an.
A study of the trees, shrubs, and vines used in landscape planting. Emphasis is placed on their characteristics and values for use as landscape material. T h e class visits Rochester parks and gardens.
[113. W O O D Y P L A N T M A T E R I A L S , A D V A N C E D CO U RSE . Fall term. Credit
two hours. Prerequisite, course 13. Associate Professor C o r n m a n .] N ot given in
1954-55. A course dealing with the important groups of landscape materials and the litera­
ture of the subject. A knowledge of the ordinary woody plants for landscape use in the Northeast is presumed. Emphasis is on less-known northern plants and upon plant groups basic in landscape design in other regions of the United States. Oppor­ tunities for practice in the determination of unknowns and in the use of the litera­ ture are provided. A trip is taken to the Rochester parks.
NURSERY MANAGEMENT
[114. T U R F . Spring term. Credit two hours. Given in alternate years. Prerequisite,
Agronomy 1 and permission to register. Associate Professor C o r n m a n .] N ot given in
1954-55. A course dealing chiefly with the principles, practices, and materials for the con­
struction and m aintenance of lawn areas. Some attention is given sports turf. A week-end inspection trip is taken to experim ental test plots and special turf areas.
115. P L A N T P R O P A G A T I O N . Fall term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, courses 12 and 13 and Botany 31 or the equivalent, or permission of the instructor. Lectures, T T h 8. Plant Science 37. Laboratory, T h 2-4:30. Greenhouses and
nurseries. Associate Professor Sn y d e r .
A study of the principles and methods involved in the propagation of woody and herbaceous plants by seeds, division, layers, cuttings, budding, and grafting. T he class visits nurseries at Geneva and Newark, N ew York.
117. C O M M E R C I A L N U R S E R Y M A N A G E M E N T . Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 115. Lectures, T F 11. Plant Science 37. Laboratory, T
2-4:30. Greenhouses and nurseries. Associate Professor P r id h a m .
A course supplementary to 115 dealing with the problems of the commercial propagation and growing of nursery plants. Pruning, digging, storage, and packaging of nursery stock are considered. Trips are made to near-by commercial nurseries.
[119. P L A N T I N G A N D M A I N T E N A N C E OF O R N A M E N T A L P L A N T S . Fall
term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 115. Associate Professor P r id h a m .]
Not given in 1954-55. A study of the principles and practices employed in the maintenance of orna­
mental plants, including soil relationships, planting, watering, cultivation, pruning, and winter protection of landscape plant materials in garden and park planting. Both woody and herbaceous materials are considered. Field problems and observa­ tional trips are conducted.
COMMERCIAL FLORICULTURE
123. F L O R I S T C R O P P R O D U C T I O N . Fall term. Credit four hours. Prereq­ uisite, course 115, Botany 31, Agronomy 1, and the practice requirement. Lectures

and recitations, M W F 9. Plant Science 37. Laboratory, M 2-4:30. Greenhouses. Professor P o s t .
A comprehensive study of the application of basic science to the culture of orna­ mental plants, particularly under greenhouse conditions. A trip is taken to green­ houses in Rome and Utica, New York.
124. C O M M E R C I A L G R E E N H O U S E P R O D U C T I O N . Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 123. Lectures, M W 9. Plant Science 37. Laboratory, W 2-4:30. Greenhouses. Assistant Professor A n d r ea se n .
A course supplementary to course 123 dealing w ith the commercial production of florist crops; emphasis is upon the practical problems concerned. Several trips are made to near-by commercial greenhouses.
125. F L O W E R - S T O R E M A N A G E M E N T . Spring term. Credit two hours. Pre­ requisite, course 5 and permission to register. Lecture, W 11. Plant Science 37. Lab­ oratory, M 2-4:30. Plant Science 22. Mrs. Fox.
Lectures devoted to flower-shop management, business methods, merchandising, and marketing of floricultural commodities. Laboratories to include the application of subject matter and the principles of commercial floral arrangement and design. A trip made to New York City includes the flower shops, retail florist establishments, and the New York Flower Market.
LANDSCAPE SERVICE
32. E L E M E N T A R Y D E S IG N A N D P L A N T I N G OF S M A L L P R O P E R T I E S . Fall term. Credit three hours. Open to general election. Prerequisite, courses 2 and 13 and Drawing 10. Lecture, F 12. Laboratory, M F 2-4:30. Plant Science 433. Associate Professor P o r t e r .
T he application of the principles of design to the specific problems of the smallresidence property as related to both planning and planting.
132. L A N D S C A P E P L A N N I N G A N D P L A N T I N G OF S M A L L P R O P E R T I E S . Fall and spring terms. Credit four hours a term. Intended for advanced students. N ot open for general election. Prerequisite, courses 12 and 32. Lecture, T 12. Lab­ oratory: fall term, T T h 2-4:30 and three additional hours; spring term, W Th 2-4:30 and three additional hours. Plant Science 433. Associate Professor P o r ter and Assistant Professor C a r e s.
A study of the design and planting of small properties.
134. N U R S E R Y - L A N D S C A P E C O N S T R U C T I O N A N D E S T I M A T I N G . Fall term. Credit three hours. Intended for advanced students specializing in landscape service. Must be taken with course 132. Lecture, T h 9. Laboratory, M T h 10-12:30. Plant Science 433. Assistant Professor C a r es.
DEPARTMENTAL SEMINAR
241. S E M I N A R . For departmental staff and graduate students. Fall and spring terms. Tim e to be arranged.
FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
A program of instruction has been arranged for students interested in the food industry. It combines courses in the sciences, various aspects of economics, food technology, and related subjects. A faculty adviser assists these students both in arranging their class schedules and in obtaining em ploym ent that will lead to e x ­ perience appropriate to their objective and that may count toward the fulfillment of the practice requirement.
Although Food Science and Technology is the name of a division in the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station at Geneva, it has not been applied to a teaching department in this College. Courses that might come logically under

the heading of Food Science and Technology are found in a number of departments in the College of Agriculture or in other departments of the University. For ex­ ample, Principles of Food Preservation is course 130 in the Departm ent of Biochem ­ istry; courses in Bacteriology are found under the heading of Bacteriology; courses dealing with vegetables and fruits are found among the offerings, respectively, of the Departments of Vegetable Crops and Pomology; courses in the manufacture and processing of dairy products are listed under the Department of Dairy Industry; and courses in Chemistry are described in the A nnouncem ent of the College of Arts and Sciences.
1. T H E F O O D I N D U S T R Y . Fall term. Credit three hours. For freshmen and sophomores; no credit for others. Lectures, M W F 10. Savage 145. Assistant Professor
C lark.
A survey course to orient the student in the broad field of food processing. Lectures by various specialists on the staff cover the economic importance of the food industry and the relation of production and handling of the raw products to the quality of the processed foods. Emphasis is placed on the great variety of work and basic sci­ ence training involved in the production, processing, and distribution of quality foods.
COURSES IN TH E COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING OFFERED FOR NONENGINEERING STUDENTS*
E N G IN E E R IN G I N FOOD PRO CESSING (E N G IN E E R IN G 3510). Fall term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, college physics and chemistry. Primarily for stu­ dent in the College of Agriculture and School of Nutrition. Not open to engineering students. Lecture-recitations, T T h S 9. Warren 245. Professor E r d m a n .
An introduction to engineering principles of construction and operation of me­ chanical and electrical equipment used in the preservation and storage of foods.
E L E M E N T A R Y C H E M IC A LS E N G IN E E R IN G (E N G IN E E R IN G 5110). Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, Engineering 3510. Primarily for students in agriculture or nutrition. Not open to students in Chemical Engineering. Lectures, M W F 11. O lin 158. Associate Professor W iegandt.
A general discussion of the fundamental operations and processes of chemical engineering, with particular emphasis on their applications in the food-processing industries. Among the topics discussed are the unit operations of evaporation, filtra­ tion, agitation, distillation, and drying, and the general design of food-processing plants.
METEOROLOGY
1. B ASIC P R I N C I P L E S OF M E T E O R O L O G Y . Fall or spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, Physics 103 or one year of high school physics. Lectures, T T h 11. Plant Science 143. Laboratory, T W or T h 2-4:30. Plant Science 114. Assistant Professor J o h n s o n .
Simplified treatment of the physical processes of the atmosphere that produce commonly observed weather phenomena, followed by discussions of condensation and precipitation, winds, the general and secondary circulations, air masses, fronts, and elementary clim atology and micro-climatology. In the laboratory, emphasis is on common meteorological instruments and the weather map.
T h e course is designed for those who wish a single survey course in meteorology.
[2. G E N E R A L C L I M A T O L O G Y . Fall term. Credit two hours. Given in alternate years. Prerequisite, course 1.] N ot given in 1954-55.
A study of the factors producing the observed variations in climate, climatic types

and their distribution over the earth, and the climate of North America and the United States. Emphasis is placed on the climate of New York State and on m icro­ climatology as it applies to agriculture.
[105. M E T H O D S I N C L I M A T O L O G Y . Fall term. Credit three hours. Given in alternate years. Prerequisite, course 2 or permission of the instructor.] N ot given in 1954-55.
Methods and limitations in the handling of climatic data.
[106. M I C R O C L I M A T O L O G Y . Spring term. Credit three hours. Given in al­ ternate years. Prerequisite, course 1 or permission of the instructor.] Not given in 1954-55.
A study of factors influencing climate in the atmospheric layer directly adjacent to the earth’s surface, and the variation of clim ate due to vegetation or small-scale topographic features.
[211. R E S E A R C H . Fall or spring term. Credit one or more hours. Prerequisite, permission of the instructor.] N ot given in 1954-55.
A course designed for advanced and graduate students. Original investigations in meteorology and climatology.
[212. S P E C IA L T O P IC S I N M E T E O R O L O G Y . Fall or spring term. Credit one or more hours. Prerequisite, permission of the instructor.] N ot given in 1954-55.
Study of meteorological topics more advanced than or different from those in other courses. Subject matter depends on the background and desires of those enrolling.
PLANT BREEDING
GENETICS
1. H E R E D I T Y A N D EU G E NICS. Spring term. Credit two hours. (Students who have had course 101 are allowed oue-hour credit.) Prerequisite, Zoology 104, Botany 1, or Biology 1. Lectures, W F 10. Discussion period, M 10, attendance voluntary. Plant Science 141. Professor Sr b .
An introduction to the laws of heredity, a survey of heritable characters in man, and discussions of the relationship between heredity in man and social problems.
This course is intended primarily for students who have not previously had a college course in genetics and who wish to obtain a knowledge of principles of heredity, especially as applied to man.
101. GENETICS. Fall term. Credit four hours. Prerequisite, a beginning course
in biological science. Courses in cytology and in taxonomic botany and zoology are
found helpful. Lectures, M W F 8. Plant Science 2 3 3 . Laboratory, T 8 - 1 0 , or M W T h or F 2 - 4 . Plant Science 146. Associate Professor E v e r e t t and assistants.
A general study of the fundamental principles of genetics in plants and animals. Discussions of sim ple cases of inheritance, gene action and interaction, gene linkage, and the chromosome theory of heredity, inheritance of quantitative characters, in ­ heritance of sex, effects of inbreeding and crossing, cytoplasmic inheritance, the origin of heritable variations and their relation to evolution.
Laboratory studies of hybrid material in plants and breeding experiments with Drosophila.
201. B IO C H E M IC A L G ENETICS. Spring term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite, course 101 and a course in organic chemistry. Lectures, M W 8. Plant Science 141. Professor Sr b .
T he nature and function of hereditary units studied in terms of physiology and biochemistry. Students are expected to do extensive reading in the periodical litera­ ture of genetics and to prepare a term paper.

204. E X P E R I M E N T A L E V O L U T I O N . Spring term. Credit two hours. Prereq­ uisite, course 101 or the equivalent. Lecture, T h 10-12. One discussion period, to be
arranged. Plant Science 37. Professor H. H. Sm it h .
A study of factors involved in the evolution of populations, races, and species. Topics covered include variability, polygenic inheritance, population dynamics, rates, changes in genetic systems, isolating mechanisms, and the evolution of certain economic plants.
PLANT BREEDING
102. P L A N T B R E E D IN G . Fall term. Credit three hours. (Students who have had course 101 are allowed two hours credit.) Prerequisite, Botany 1. Lectures, T
T h 8 . Plant Science 141. Laboratory, S 8-10:30. Plant Science 146. Professor M u r p h y .
A study of the principles and practices used in developing, evaluating, distrib­ uting, and m aintaining improved crop varieties. Approximately one-third of the course is devoted to a study of elementary genetics. Designed primarily for students who wish a general knowledge of plant breeding. Students who expect to engage professionally in plant breeding should take courses 101 and 203 instead of this course. Lectures supplem ented by periods in the greenhouse and experim ental fields. A one-day field trip is taken.
203. M E T H O D S OF P L A N T B R E E D I N G . Fall term. Credit three hours. Pre­ requisite, course 101, Botany 1, and a course in at least one of the following: field crops, vegetable crops, floriculture, or pomology. Lectures, T T h 9. Plant Science
141. Laboratory, T 2-4:30. Plant Science 146. Professor M u n g e r .
A course designed primarily for graduate students, but open to properly qualified seniors who expect to engage in plant breeding. A study of the principles and prac­ tices of plant breeding. Lectures, supplemented by periods in the greenhouse and experimental fields. A one-day field trip is taken.
STATISTICS AND BIOMETRY
*210. S T A T I S T I C A L M E T H O D S I. Fall term. Credit three or four hours. Pre­ requisite, graduate standing or permission of instructor. Lectures, T T h S 10.
Warren 4 5 . Laboratory, to be arranged. Associate Professor St e e l .
A simple formalization of everyday notions of odds and probability leads to a dis­ cussion of the distributions commonly encountered in the statistics applied to biology and related fields. T he results, together with principles of scientific experimentation and statistical method, are applied to the conducting of experiments and the inter­ pretation of results. T he nature and validity of experimental error are thoroughly treated. Topics include analysis of variance for n-way classifications, tests of hypoth­ eses, linear regression, correlation, treatment of discrete data, and sample surveys.
*211. S T A T I S T I C A L M E T H O D S II. Spring term. Credit three or four hours. Prerequisite, course 210 or the equivalent. Lectures, T T h S 10. Warren 245. Lab­
oratory, to be arranged. Associate Professor St e e l .
T h e work of course 210 is continued. Further application of the material includes randomized block and Latin square designs, analysis of covariance, analysis of vari­ ance of 2-way classifications with disproportionate numbers, factorial experiments, individual degrees of freedom, m ultiple and curvilinear regression, curve fitting, and new developments in statistics.
•An additional hour per week may be devoted to algebraic derivations and manipulations associated with the statistical techniques and the computational procedures in the general lectures and laboratory period. T he purpose is to give the student a better understanding of the material and a greater ability to read technical papers of statistical content w ithout guidance. T h e work is required for the fourth hour o f credit.

212. E X P E R I M E N T A L M E T H O D S . S p r in g term. Credit one hour. Prerequisite, course 211 o r the equivalent. F 2-4. Plant Science 141. Professor A t w o o d .
The use of statistical methods and experimental design in problems of plot tech­ nique and related agricultural research.
213. DE S IG N OF E X P E R I M E N T S . Fall term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 211 or the equivalent. M W F 8. Plant Science 141. Laboratory to be arranged.
Professor F ed e r e r .
Plot and pen techniques, extensions and variations of the completely randomized complete block, and Latin square designs, the factorial experiment and confounding, lattice designs, crossover designs, covariance analyses, tests for ranked means, and variance component analyses.
214. SP E C IA L TOPICS. Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 213 or the equivalent. M W F 8 . Warren 31. Laboratory, to be arranged. Professor
Federer.
Selected topics, depending upon the need and background of the student, from the following: long-term experiments, combination of results from several experi­ ments, sequential experimentation, variance component analyses, estimation pro­ cedures, linear hypotheses, heritability studies, multivariate analyses, and related topics.
DEPARTMENTAL SEMINAR AND RESEARCH
150. U N D E R G R A D U A T E R E S E A R C H I N P L A N T B R E E D I N G A N D GE ­ N E TIC S . Fall, spring, or summer. Credit one or more hours by arrangement with instructor. Open to properly qualified seniors. Prerequisites, course 101 or 102 and permission to register. Members of the departmental staff.
222. S E M IN A R . Fall and spring terms. W ithout credit. Required of graduate students taking either a major or a minor in this Department. Open to qualified seniors. F 4:30. Plant Science. Seminar Room. Members of the departmental staff.
PLANT PATHOLOGY
1. E L E M E N T A R Y P L A N T P A T H O L O G Y . Fall or spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, Botany 1 or the equivalent. For graduates and undergraduates. Lecture, T h 11. Plant Science 141. Laboratory and conferences, T T h , T F, W T h ,
or W F 2-4:30. Plant Science 341, 343, and 362. Assistant Professors B o o t h r o y d and R o berts.
An introductory course dealing with the nature, cause, and control of disease in plants. Some of the more common diseases of cultivated crops are studied in the lab­ oratory.
2. P R I N C I P L E S OF P L A N T D ISE A SE C O N T R O L . Fall or spring term. Pref­ erence to undergraduate students in fall and to graduate students in spring. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 200 or 1, or the equivalent. Lecture, tim e to be arranged. Plant Science 336. Laboratory, T T h 2-4:30. Plant Science 342. Professor
L. J. T y l e r and assistant.
A consideration of the principles and methods of controlling plant diseases. This includes studies on exclusion by laws, regulations, quarantine, inspection, and dis­ infection; eradication by pruning, seed selection, rotation, disinfection, and other means; protection by spraying, dusting, wound dressing, and the like; immuniza­ tion by selection, breeding, and feeding. Num ber taking the course lim ited to twenty-four.
111. P A T H O L O G Y OF S H A D E T R E E S A N D S H R U B S . Spring term. Credit three hours. Given in alternate years. Prerequisite, course 1, 200, or permission

to register. Lecture, W 11. Laboratory, two periods to be arranged. Plant Science
362. Professor W e l c h .
For students preparing for nursery or landscape work, park superintendents, arborists, city foresters or other horticultural professions; dealing with recognition, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of woody plants.
200. G E N E R A L P L A N T P A T H O L O G Y . Fall term. Credit four hours. For graduate students with their majors or minors in plant pathology. Open also to qualified graduate students in other fields. Prerequisite, permission to register. Lec­ ture, T i l . Plant Science 336. Laboratory, three periods weekly, two on T W T h or F 2-4 and one at the students’ convenience. Plant Science 353. Assistant Professors
B o oth ro y d and R oberts.
T his course is designed to give the entering graduate student an introduction to the basic features and techniques of the science of phytopathology and to provide an adequate foundation for successful prosecution of research in this field.
201. A D V A N C E D P L A N T P A T H O L O G Y . Fall and spring terms. Credit three hours each term. Designed for students specializing in plant pathology. Prerequisite, courses 2, 200, 121, or 221, and permission to register. Lecture, T 9. Plant Science 336. Laboratory, T T h 10-12:30. Plant Science 304. Professors K ent and Ross.
A presentation and analysis of the experimental and empirical knowledge of plant diseases. T he phenomena of inoculation, infection, susceptibility, and suscept reac­ tions are critically considered. Major attention is given to the virus diseases and the nature of viruses.
[121. C O M P A R A T I V E M O R P H O L O G Y OF F U N G I. Spring term. Credit four hours. Given in alternate years. Prerequisite, Botany 1 or its equivalent, and per­
mission to register. Assistant Professor K o r f .] N ot given in 1954-55.
An introductory course in mycology. Emphasis is placed on m orphology rather than on taxonomy.
221. M Y C O L O G Y . Fall and spring terms. Credit five hours each term. Given in alternate years. Prerequisite, Botany 1 or the equivalent and permission to register. Lectures, M W 11. Plant Science 336. Laboratory, M W 2—4:30, and one additional
period to be arranged. Plant Science 326. Assistant Professor K o r f .
A more intensive course than the preceding, designed especially for students specializing in mycology or plant pathology. Emphasis is placed on morphology and taxonomy, but other aspects of mycology are embraced. Practice in identification of specimens is afforded in various groups, and field work in fall and spring is e n ­ couraged.
222. A D V A N C E D M Y C O L O G Y . Fall or spring term, providing laboratory space is available. Credit from three to five hours. Prerequisite, course 121 or 221, and permission to register. Weekly conferences, laboratory periods, and occasional lec­
tures, to b e arranged. Plant Science 326. Assistant Professor K o r f .
A special-problems course designed for students majoring or minoring in mycology or in mycological phases of plant pathology. T he type of problem selected varies to suit the student’s needs and inclinations. H e is expected to gain an insight into re­ search methods and the literature. T he course offers an opportunity for intensive work on a restricted phase of the subject, such as physiology, m orphology, or tax­ onomy.
244. M Y C O L O G Y C ONFERENCES. Fall and spring terms. Credit one hour. Required of all majors and Ph.D. minors in mycology, but open to others by permis­
sion. Tim e to be arranged. Plant Science 422. Assistant Professor K o r f .
A weekly discussion period designed to supplement the formal mycology courses by giving additional emphasis to problems in morphology, taxonomy, nomenclature, genetics, cytology, and physiology.

[231. H I S T O R Y OF P L A N T P A T H O L O G Y . Fall and spring terms. Credit one hour. Prerequisite, course 1 and a reading knowledge of French and German.] Not given in 1954-55.
241. U N D E R G R A D U A T E R E SE A R C H . Fall or spring term, or both. Credit three hours or more. Registration by permission. Not less than three laboratory periods of three clock hours each week. Professors, Associate Professors, and Assist­ ant Professors of the departmental staff.
T his course is designed to afford opportunity for selected undergraduates to test their inclination and ability to do research work. T h e student is expected to pros­ ecute with interest and enthusiasm, under informal direction of the professor, some problem or problems mutually agreed upon.
242. S E M IN A R . Fall and spring terms. Required of graduate students taking work in the Department. T 4:30-6. Plant Science Seminar Room.
243. L I T E R A T U R E R E V IE W . Fall and spring terms. Members of the staff and graduate students. Optional. Biweekly. T im e to be arranged.
POMOLOGY
Students desiring to do their major work in pomology may obtain a suggested sequence of courses for the four-year period by consulting the Department.
G E N E R A L H O R T I C U L T U R E . (See Vegetable Crops 3.)
1. G E N E R A L P O M O L O G Y . Fall or spring term. Credit three hours. Should be preceded or accompanied by elementary courses in botany and chemistry. Lectures, T T h 8. Plant Science 233. Laboratory: fall term, T or W 2—4:30; spring term, M
T W or T h 2-4:30. Plant Science 107. Spring term: Professor Sm o c k ; fall term: Associate Professor E d c e r t o n .
A study of the general principles and practices in pomology and their relation to the underlying sciences; propagation and care of orchard trees and small fruits; harvesting, storing, and marketing fruit; practical work in budding, grafting, prun­ ing, and planting; study of varieties, growth, and fruiting habits.
102. F R U I T V A R I E T I E S . Fall term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 1.
Lecture, T T h 12. Laboratory, S 8-10:30. Plant Science 114. Professor B o y n t o n , Associate Professor Sl a t e , and Assistant Professor L a m b .
A systematic study of the most important varieties of apples, pears, peaches, plums, grapes, and small fruits from the standpoint of their identification, growth characters, and special cultural requirements. The development of new varieties by breeding and methods of testing and evaluating them are discussed. At least one field trip is given.
111. H A N D L I N G , S T O R A G E , A N D U T I L I Z A T I O N OF F R U I T . Fall term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 1. Lectures, T T h 8. Plant Science 143.
Laboratory, T h or F 2-4:30. Plant Science 107. Professor S m o c k .
T he important factors in handling fruit that affect quality and marketability, including the chemistry and physiology of fruits before and after harvest, are studied. T h e effect of grades and packages on distribution and marketing is fully discussed, with some attention to the problems of market inspection. Consideration is given to the principles and practices of common, cold, and controlled atmospheric storage, and to the utilization of fruits in the dried, canned, frozen, or juice forms. One Saturday field trip is required.
112. A D V A N C E D L A B O R A T O R Y COU RSE. Spring term. Credit two hours. S 8-1. Plant Science 107. Intended for students doing their major work in pomology.
Professors H o f f m a n and B o y n t o n and Associate Professor E d c e r t o n .

T his course is designed to give more extended practice in the various orchard operations than can be given in course 1. Special attention is given to problems of pruning, grafting, orchard-soil selection and m anagement, pollination, and spray practice. Several field trips extending into the afternoon are made.
[121. E C O N O M I C F R U I T S OF T H E W O R L D . Fall term. Credit three hours.
Prerequisite, course 1. Given in alternate years. Professor B o y n t o n .] N ot given in
1954-55. A study of all species of fruit-bearing plants of economic importance, such as the
date, the banana, the citrus fruits, the nut-bearing trees, and the newly introduced fruits, with special reference to their cultural requirements in the United States and its insular possessions. All fruits not considered in other courses are considered here. T he course is designed to give a broad view of world pomology and its relationship with the fruit industry of New York State.
131. A D V A N C E D P O M O L O G Y . Fall term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, courses 1 and 102 and Botany 31. Lectures, M W F 9. Plant Science 141. Given in
alternate years. Professor H o f f m a n or B o y n t o n .
A comprehensive study of the sources of knowledge and opinions as to practices in pomology. T he results of experiences and research pertaining to pomology are discussed, with special reference to their application in the solution of problems in commercial fruit growing.
[231. SP EC IA L TO P IC S I N E X P E R I M E N T A L P O M O L O G Y . Spring term. Credit three hours. Open to qualified seniors and to graduate students. Given in alternate
years. Professors H o f f m a n , B o y n t o n , and S m o c k and Associate Professor E d c e r t o n .]
Not given in 1954-55. In this course the student is expected to review critically and evaluate the more
important original papers relating to various phases of pomological research. R e­ cent experimental methods applicable to the topic are fully considered.
200. S E M IN A R . F a ll'an d spring terms. W ithout credit. Required of students taking course 201 and graduate students in pomology, T 11. Plant Science Seminar Room. Members of the departmental staff.
201. R E S E A R C H . Fall, spring, or both terms. Credit two or more hours a term.
Prerequisite, course 131. Professors H e in ic k e , H o f f m a n , Sm o c k , and B o y n t o n and Associate Professors E d c erto n and F is h e r .
POULTRY HUSBANDRY
Four-year students interested in specializing in poultry husbandry may obtain two suggested sequences of courses by consulting the student advisers in the de­ partment. One is designed for students who intend to engage in some phase of poultry production or in a business allied with it, w hile the second is planned for students who are interested in preparing for a career in research or teaching in such specialized fields as poultry genetics, nutrition, or physiology.
Course 1 is a prerequisite for all other courses. Specially qualified students may have this prerequisite waived for some courses by permission of the instructors con­ cerned.
1. F A R M P O U L T R Y . Fall term. Credit three hours. Lectures, M W F 10. One recitation period, to be arranged. Rice 300. Professor H a ll, assisted by other m em ­ bers of the staff.
A general course dealing with the practical application of the principles of poultry husbandry to general farm conditions.
50. M A R K E T EGGS A N D P O U L T R Y . Spring term. Credit two hours. Prereq­ uisite, course 1. Lecture, T 11. Laboratory, T W or T h 2-4. Rice 101. Professor H a ll.

A detailed study of the interior and exterior qualities of eggs, abnormalities, egg grades, and standards; practice in candling, grading, and packing. Grades and standards of market poultry; killing, dressing, and packing. General market infor­ mation. A one-day field trip is taken.
170. P O U L T R Y H Y G I E N E A N D DISEASE. Fall term. Credit two hours. Pre­ requisite, courses 30 and 110, Bacteriology 1 or 3, and Anim al Physiology 10, or Human Physiology 303. Lecture and laboratory, T h 2-4:30. Moore H all. Assistant
Professor P e c k h a m .
T he course deals with the nature of the infectious and parasitic diseases of poultry and with the principles of hygiene applicable to poultry farming for the prevention and control of diseases.
190. P O U L T R Y P R O B L E M S . Fall or spring term. Credit, one, two, or three hours. Open to juniors or seniors. Prerequisite, written permission of staff member concerned. Investigation of some problem in the field of poultry husbandry by the
student under the direction of a member of the staff. Professor B r u c k n e r .
209. S E M I N A R I N P O U L T R Y B I O L O G Y . Fall and spring terms. For graduate students. F 4:15. Rice 201. Members of the departmental staff.
A survey of recent literature and research in poultry biology.
GENETICS AND ANATOMY
20. P O U L T R Y B R E E D S , B R E E D I N G , A N D J U D G IN G . Fall term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 1. Lecture or recitation, T T h 10. Rice 101. Laboratory, T or W 2-4. Judging Laboratory. Professor H a ll.
Selecting and judging birds for production and breed characters; origin, history, and classification of breeds; introduction to breeding.
[120. P O U L T R Y G E N E T IC S . Spring term. Credit three hours. Open to gradu­ ate students, seniors, and juniors. Prerequisite, Zoology 104, Plant Breeding 101, or their equivalents and permission of the instructor. Given in alternate years. Pro­
fessor H u t t .] N ot given in 1954-55.
A survey of inherited characters in domestic birds, cytology, linkage, inbreeding, hybrid vigor, resistance to disease, genetic principles in poultry breeding, physiology of avian reproduction, infertility, embryonic mortality, and avian endocrinology.
124. A N I M A L G E N E T IC S . Spring term. Credit three hours. For Veterinary stu­ dents. Lectures, T T h 9. Rice 300. Laboratory and discussion, W 2. Rice 201 and
305. Professor C o l e .
Principles of genetics; sex determination and sex linkage; inherited characters in domestic animals, with special reference to lethal genes and genetic resistance to disease; progeny-testing; inbreeding and cross-breeding.
[140. A N A T O M Y OF T H E F O W L . Fall term. Credit three hours. Open to ju n ­ iors, seniors, and graduate students. Prerequisite, course 1 and permission of the
instructor. Given in alternate years. Professor C o l e .] N ot given in 1954-55.
T h e lectures, supplem ented by laboratory periods for study and dissection, are designed to acquaint the student with the anatomy of the fowl.
N U T R IT IO N
110. P O U L T R Y N U T R I T I O N . Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 1. N ot open to freshmen. Lectures, T T h 9. Rice 101. Laboratory, T h or F
2-4. Rice 305. Professor H e u s e r .
The principles of poultry nutrition and their application to poultry feeding management.

210. A D V A N C E D P O U L T R Y N U T R I T I O N . Spring term. Credit two hours. For graduate students. Not given every year and not unless ten or more students apply for the course. Registration by appointment. Discussion and laboratory period, T h 2-4. Rice 201. Professor N orris and Professor Scott.
A presentation of one or more important fields of research in poultry nutrition, a critical consideration of the experimental methods used in conducting the investi­ gations, and a discussion of further studies needed, including the planning of the experiments.
219. S E M IN A R I N A N I M A L N U T R I T I O N . Fall term. Credit one hour. Open to graduate students with major field of study in animal nutrition. Prerequisite, Animal Husbandry 110 or the equivalent. Registration by permission. T 4:30. Rice 201. Animal N utrition staff.
A critical review of the literature and other topics of special interest to graduate students in animal nutrition.
INCUBATION AND EMBRYOLOGY
30. I N C U B A T I O N A N D B R O O D I N G . Spring term. Credit three hours. Pre­ requisite, course 1. N ot open to freshmen. Lectures, T T h 10. Laboratory, M or T 2-4. Rice 201. Assistant Professor K ing.
Principles of incubation and brooding of domestic and game birds; problems of hatchery management.
[230. P H Y S I O L O G Y OF T H E A V I A N E M B R Y O . Spring term. Credit two hours.
For graduate students. Given in alternate years. Professor R o m a n o f f .] N ot given in
1954-55. A consideration of biological potentialities of the fresh egg and of fundamental
principles of embryonic development, with special emphasis on various factors leading to congenital malformation and prenatal death.
239. SPECIAL TO PICS I N C H E M IC A L E M B R Y O L O G Y . Fall term. Credit one
hour. Registration b y permission. Rice Hall. Professor R o m a n o f f .
A critical review of current literature.
RURAL EDUCATION
PROGRAM FOR T H E PR EPARA TIO N OF SECONDARY-SCHOOL TEACHERS*
W ith careful planning it is possible to m eet the requirements for a Bachelor of Science degree in Agriculture and, at the same time, the certification requirements for teaching. Therefore, students who desire to prepare for teaching science or vo­ cational agriculture should plan their freshman and sophomore programs, with the appropriate adviser, in nature study and science teaching or vocational agriculture.
Those planning to teach science begin their professional studies in the junior year by taking courses in Educational Psychology (Rural Education 111), Human Development 201 and 202, and Social Foundations (Rural Education 190) and complete the required courses in methods and practice teaching by registering for Education 130 and Rural Education 128 and 129 in their senior year.
Students planning to teach vocational agriculture should register for Human D e­ velopm ent 201 and 202 and Rural Education 131 in their junior year, and for Rural Education 111, 132, and 134 in their senior years. These courses are given by m em ­ bers of the staff at off-campus training centers w hile the students are doing practice
•For other courses in education, consult the Announcements of the Schools of Education and of Industrial and Labor Relations and of the Colleges of Home Economics and Arts and Sciences.

teaching in rural high schools. Certification may then be completed by registering for Rural Education 190 during the other semester of the senior year.
NATURE STUDY, SCIENCE, AND CONSERVATION EDUCATION
[106. O U T D O O R L I V I N G A N D C A M P A D M I N I S T R A T I O N . Fall term. Credit three hours. Registration by permission of instructors only. Assistant Professor
F isc h e r and Doctor N o a k e s.] N ot given in 1954-55.
107. T H E T E A C H I N G OF N A T U R E S T U D Y A N D E L E M E N T A R Y SC H O O L SCIENCE. Spring term. Credit two hours. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students, particularly those who are preparing to teach or supervise nature study or science. Lecture, S 8. Practical exercises, S 9-11:30. Stone 7. Associate Professor
G ordon.
The content and methods of nature study and of elementary-school science, with field work and laboratory experience useful in classroom and camp.
108. F IEL D N A T U R A L H I S T O R Y . Fall or spring term. Credit two hours a term. Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students, and to sophomores with permis­ sion of instructors. Lecture, T or F 4:30. Stone 7. Field work, T 2-4:30, primarily
for undergraduates; F 2-4:30, primarily for graduates. Assistant Professor F is c h e r .
Field trips and lectures devoted to a study of the natural history of several ecological units under different seasonal conditions, with special emphasis on the teaching of science and conservation. May be taken one or both terms.
128. M E T H O D S OF T E A C H I N G SCIE NCE I N S E C O N D A R Y S CHO OLS. Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, Educational Psychology 111 or the equivalent. For advanced juniors and seniors. T h 2-5:30 and hours for observation to be
arranged. Stone 7. Professor J o h n s o n .
A consideration of methods and materials useful in teaching science in secondary schools. Observation of the work of experienced teachers constitutes an important part of the course.
129. P R A C T I C E I N T E A C H I N G SCIE NCE I N S E C O N D A R Y SC H O O LS. Fall or spring term. Credit four hours. Prerequisite, course 128 or 207 and permission of the instructor. For seniors and graduate students. Hours to be arranged. Professor
J ohnson.
Supervised practice in teaching science in secondary schools, with frequent con­ ferences on teaching plans and problems.
202. N A T U R E L I T E R A T U R E . Fall term. Credit two hours. Given in alternate years. Open to seniors and graduate students interested in science and science
teaching. Lectures, T T h 10. Stone 7. Associate Professor G o r d o n .
A survey of nature and science prose and poetry, with attention to their sig­ nificance at elementary and secondary school levels, and for leisure reading.
[203. R E S E A R C H A N D W R I T I N G I N N A T U R E A N D C O N S E R V A T I O N E D U C A T IO N . Spring term. Credit two hours. Given in alternate years. Professor -----------.] N ot given in 1954-55.
205. T H E T E A C H IN G OF C O N S E R V A T IO N . Spring term. Credit two hours.
T T h 10. Stone 7. Assistant Professor F is c h e r .
Consideration of the principles, materials, and methods of conservation education useful to teachers and others engaged in teaching wise use of the resources of the nation.
207. METHODS AND M ATERIALS FOR TH E TEACHING OF SCIENCE IN
SE C O N D A R Y SCHOOLS. Fall term. Credit two hours. Registration by permission
only. For graduates. T h 4 -5 :3 0 . Stone 7. Professor J o h n s o n .

A consideration of problems of selection and organization of subject matter, of choice and use of materials, and of methods of teaching earth science at the secondary-school level.
[209. T H E D E V E L O P M E N T OF N A T U R E A N D SCIE NCE E D U C A T I O N I N T H E U N I T E D S T A T E S . Fall term. Credit two hours. Given in alternate years.
Associate Professor G o r d o n .] Not given in 1954-55.
226. R E S E A R C H I N N A T U R E S T U D Y , SCIENCE, A N D C O N S E R V A T I O N E D U C A T I O N . Fall or spring term. Credit one hour a term. F 12. Stone 7. Assistant
Professor F is c h e r , Associate Professor G o r d o n , and Professor J o h n s o n .
A seminar dealing with special problems.
EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
10. P S Y C H O L O G Y . Fall or spring term. Credit three hours. Recom m ended for freshmen and sophomores only. May not be taken for credit by students who have had Psychology 101 or the equivalent. M W 10 and one hour to be arranged.
Plant Science 233. Assistant Professor A h m a n n .
Designed for students who are not preparing to teach. Should not be taken by students planning to take course 111. Consideration of the outstanding psychological concepts that bear upon personal problems and upon business and social relation­ ships.
111. E D U C A T I O N A L P S Y C H O L O G Y . Fall or spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, Human Development. Not open to freshmen. Lectures, M W F 9. Fall
term, Comstock 245; spring term, Comstock 145. Professor G l o c k .
Consideration of the outstanding facts and principles of psychology bearing upon the problems of education.
117. P S Y C H O L O G Y OF A D O L E SC E N C E . Spring term. Credit three hours. Pre­ requisite, a course in elementary or educational psychology. M W F 11. Caldwell
100. Associate Professor E l l io t t .
A study of behavior during adolescence, of tasks involved in developing maturity and of the effects on development of some social conditions.
211. E D U C A T I O N A L P SYCHO LOG Y. Fall term. Credit three hours. For m a­ ture students with teaching experience. Permission of the instructor required. M F
11-12:30. Stone 201. Professor G l o c k .
Special emphasis is given to the topics of learning, adjustment, and evaluation, and their relationship to the teacher’s problems.
[213. S E M I N A R I N E D U C A T I O N A L P S Y C H O L O G Y . Spring term. Credit two
hours. Alternates with course 251. Assistant Professor A h m a n n .] Not given in 1954-55.
[218. S E M I N A R I N E D U C A T I O N A L P S Y C H O L O G Y . Spring term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite, permission of the instructor. Given every third year. Professor
G l o c k .] Not given in 1954-55.
251. E D U C A T I O N A L M E A S U R E M E N T . Spring term. Credit three hours. Candi­ dates for a principal's certificate may register for two hours. Alternates with course
213. T T h S 10. Warren 345. Assistant Professor A h m a n n .
A study of the construction of achievement tests and the use of aptitude tests, achievement tests, and other measuring instruments in the classification and guidance of pupils and improvement of instruction.
253. I N T R O D U C T I O N T O E D U C A T I O N A L S T A T IS T IC S . Fall term. Credit
three hours. T T h 9-10:15. Warren 345. Assistant Professor A h m a n n .
A study of common statistical procedures encountered in educational literature

and research. T he course includes the computation and interpretation of descriptive measures and tests of significance.
254. S T A T I S T I C A L I N S T R U M E N T S I N E D U C A T IO N . Spring term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite, course 253 or permission of the instructor. T T h 9. Warren
345. Assistant Professor A h m a n n .
A study of the analysis of variance, the analysis of covariance, the discriminant function, test item analysis, and supporting topics.
255. USE A N D I N T E R P R E T A T I O N OF T E S T S I N GU ID A NCE A N D P E R ­ S O N N E L A D M I N I S T R A T I O N . Fall term. Credit two hours. Open to students in guidance or personnel administration and to classroom teachers who expect to work
with standardized objective tests. T h 4-6. Stone 201. Assistant Professor A n d r u s.
T his course deals with the development, use, and interpretation of aptitude tests as a basis for guidance and selection.
[315. R E A D I N G I N T H E S E C O N D A R Y SC H O O L. Spring term. Credit two hours.
Given every third year. Professor G l o c k .] Not given in 1954-55.
316. R E A D I N G C LIN IC . Spring term. Credit two hours. Given every third year.
M 4-5:30. Stone 201. Professor G l o c k .
EXTENSION, ADULT, AND HIGHER EDUCATION
214. COLLEGE T E A C H IN G . Fall term. Credit two hours. M 7-9 p.m. Warren
145. Professor W in so r and others.
Designed for those who plan to teach in higher institutions. Methods of teaching, organization of subject matter, motivation, learning, testing, grading and similar problems are treated.
223. S E M I N A R I N E X T E N S I O N E D U C A T I O N . T hroughout the year. Credit two hours each term. Open to graduate students in Extension Education and others
interested in extension education. W 2-3:30. Warren 260. Professor L ea g a n s.
Ptovides opportunity for special study of individual problems, for group study of common problems and for exchange of experiences among workers from various states and countries.
224. P R O G R A M B U IL D IN G I N E X T E N S I O N E D U C A T IO N . Fall term. Credit two hours. For graduate students in Extension Education and others interested
in adult education. T 2-3:30. Warren 160. Professor L e a g a n s .
A study of the basic problems, principles, and procedures in the process of e x ­ tension program building in both agriculture and homemaking.
2 2 5 . T E A C H IN G I N E X T E N S I O N E D U C A T IO N . Spring term. Credit two hours.
For graduate students in Extension Education and others concerned with teaching
adults. T 2 -3 :3 0 . Warren 26 0. Professor L ea g a n s.
T he course deals with the principles of teaching and learning and their applica­ tion in extension teaching. Major problems, including the formulation of learning situations, selection, and organization of learning experiences, selection and use of extension methods and evaluation of teaching, are considered.
291. S E M I N A R I N T H E D E V E L O P M E N T A N D E X E C U T I O N OF E D U C A ­ TIONAL PROGRAMS IN UNDERDEVELOPED AREAS OR COMMUNITIES.
Fall term. Credit two hours. T h 2-3:30. Stone 201. Professor L e a g a n s .
Designed for teachers, extension workers, missionaries, government workers, and others who expect to do educational work in underdeveloped areas of the free world. Analysis is made of the cultural, social, educational, and econom ic factors in selected areas as background for forming program developm ent and teaching pro­ cedures.

[293. A D M I N I S T R A T I O N A N D S U P E R V IS I O N OF A D U L T E D U C A T I O N .
Credit three h o u r s . Professor H o sk in s.] Not g iv e n in 1954-55.
294. P R IN C IP L E S A N D P H IL O S O P H Y OF A D U L T E D U C A T I O N * Spring term. Credit two or three hours. F 4:15-6:00. Stone 201. Open to undergraduates by per­
mission only. Professor H o sk in s.
T he course is designed for directors of adult education and for teachers, exten ­ sion agents, and other leaders of adult education. Emphasis is placed upon the basic philosophies of adult leaders in the United States and othercountries and the principles upon which successful programs andspecial offerings have been organized and maintained.
[298. R U R A L E D U C A T I O N A L L E A D E R S H IP . Spring term. Credit two hours. For graduate students and advanced undergraduate students. Especially appropriate for public school teachers, school principals, social workers, agriculture and home
economics workers, and directors of adult education. Professor L ea g a n s.] Not given
in 1954-55.
[401. P R O B L E M S I N H I G H E R E D U C A T I O N . Spring term. Professor St u t z .]
Not given in 1954-55.
Courses that offer additional basic work in the field of Extension Education are: Rural Education 211, 219, 243, 244, 296, 299. H ome Economics 348, 361, 415, 430, 437, 440, 459. Rural Sociology 105, 132, 212, 218. Agricultural Economics 102, 140, 181, 236, 251.
Extensive flexibility is permitted students in the selection of a course program to meet his special interests and professional needs.
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
131. I N T R O D U C T I O N T O T E A C H I N G V O C A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R E . Spring term. Credit one hour (part of the ten-hour unit). Required of juniors and others entering the directed teaching program in the senior or following year. M 2-4:30. Warren 201. Staff in Agricultural Education.
A seminar type of course, with observations in near-by departments of agriculture, in orientation, preparation and selection of the trainee for directed teaching in offcampus cooperating school centers.
132. M E T H O D S , M A T E R I A L S , A N D D I R E C T E D P R A C T I C E I N V O C A T I O N ­ A L A G R I C U L T U R E I N T H E S E C O N D A R Y SCH O O L. Fall term. Credit nine hours. Staff in Agricultural Education.
Directed participation in off-campus centers in the specific and related problems of teaching prevocational and vocational agriculture on the junior and senior high school levels, to include adjustment in the school and community; evaluation of area resources, materials of instruction and school facilities; organization and d e­ velopment of local courses of study; launching and directing supervised farming programs; planning for and teaching all-day classes; advising Future Farmer chap­ ters; and other problems relating to developm ent of a balanced program for Voca­ tional Education in Agriculture in a local area.
133. SP E C IA L P R O B L E M S I N V O C A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R E . Spring term. Credit as arranged. Staff in Agricultural Education.
Selected problems in Vocational Agriculture to meet particular needs of prospec­ tive teachers.
134. T H E O R G A N I Z A T I O N A N D D I R E C T I O N OF Y O U N G F A R M E R

GROUPS. Fall term. Credit three hours. Professor H o sk in s and staff in Agricultural
Education. Directed participation in off-campus centers in problems of serving the needs of
young men on farms to include their location and organization in local areas; the planning of local programs; the evaluation of their qualifications and opportunities for placement and progressive establishment in farming or in the related-farm occupations; and their cooperative relationships with, and the training for leader­ ship in, other youth and adult organizations.
230. S E M I N A R I N A G R I C U L T U R A L E D U C A T I O N . Spring term. W ithout credit. Required of seniors, and of adult special and graduate students in agri­ cultural education. T 7-9 p.m. Stone 201. Staff in Agricultural Education.
[231. S U P E R V IS IO N I N V O C A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R E . Fall term. Credit two
hours. Professor W. A. Sm it h .] Not given in 1954-55.
232. M E T H O D S OF I N S T R U C T I O N I N V O C A T IO N A L A G R IC U L T U R E . Fall term. Credit two hours. Open to students with experience in teaching vocational
agriculture. S 9-11. Stone 212. Assistant Professor K u n se l a .
Consideration is given to the selection of units of instruction, developing specific teaching objectives, analysis of farming problems, selection of teacher-pupil activities, and the evaluation of learning experiences as applied to individual and group instruction.
233. SUPERVISED F A R M I N G P R O G R A M S I N V O C A T IO N A L A G R I C U L T U R E .
Spring term. Credit two hours. T 4:15-6 p.m. Stone 201. Professor W. A. Sm it h .
M eaning and function of farming programs; how they are planned and used as a means of instruction in vocational agriculture.
234. E D U C A T IO N FOR L E A D E R S H IP OF F A R M Y O U T H A N D A D U L T GROUPS. Fall term. Credit two or three hours. F 4:15-6. Stone 201. Professor
H oskins.
Designed for leaders in the fields of agricultural education who are responsible for organizing programs. A consideration of the objectives and trends in part-time education and in social-economic problems in rural areas.
235. T H E P R E P A R A T I O N OF T E A C H E R S I N V O C A T I O N A L A G R I C U L ­ T U R E . Fall term. Credit two or three hours. Open to students with experience in teaching vocational agriculture or by permission. M 4:15-6. Stone 201. Professor
W. A. Sm it h .
[236. T H E O R G A N I Z A T I O N A N D A D M I N I S T R A T I O N OF V O C A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R E I N T H E S E C O N D A R Y SCHO OL. Spring term. Credit two or
three hours. Professor H o sk in s .] Not given in 1954-55.
237. P L A N N I N G COURSES OF S T U D Y A N D P R O G R A M S OF W O R K F OR V O C A T IO N A L E D U C A T IO N I N A G R IC U L T U R E . Spring term. Credit three hours. Registration by permission. T h 4:15-6 and one hour by appointm ent. Special trips
to be arranged. Warren 201. Doctor N o a k es.
T he development of basic and individualized courses of study and comprehensive programs of work. An evaluation of the effectiveness of vocational education in agriculture in selected high-school departments to determine patterns for course building and program planning.
238. M A T E R I A L S OF I N S T R U C T I O N I N V O C A T I O N A L A G R I C U L T U R E . Fall term. Credit two hours. Open to students with experience in teaching vocational
agriculture. M 7-9 p.m. Stone 201. Doctor N o a k es.
Consideration is given to the selection, preparation, adaptation, organization, and evaluation of instructional materials appropriate for use in teaching vocational agriculture.

239. ^REVOCATIONAL AGRICULTURE IN TH E SECONDARY SCHOOL. Spring term. Credit two hours. W 4-6 p.m. Stone 201. Assistant Professor K u n s e l a .
Consideration is given to curriculum problems dealing with exploratory prevocational instruction and to the responsibilities of agricultural teachers for general education.
ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION
219. S E M IN A R I N P E R SO N N E L A D M I N I S T R A T I O N I N E D U C A T IO N A L IN S T I T U T IO N S . Spring term. Credit two hours. For graduate students in educa­
tion. T h 4 - 6 . Stone 20 1 . Professor W in so r .
Personnel management in relation to school administration.
243. P R O C E D U R E A N D T E C H N IQ U E S I N S U P E RV ISIO N . Fall term. Credit three hours. Candidates for a principal’s certificate may register for two hours’ credit. M W F 10. Stone. P rofessor----------- .
Designed for superintendents, supervisors, and principals. Students taking this course must be prepared to spend four full days or more in observing supervisory procedures in various school systems.
[245. S E M I N A R F O R P R I N C IP A L S . Fall term. Credit two hours. Required of all graduate students who are candidates for a principal’s certificate. Professor
.] N ot given in 1954-55.
261. F U N D A M E N T A L S OF E D U C A T I O N A L A D M I N I S T R A T I O N . Fall term.
Credit three hours. T T h 11-12:30. Stone 212. Associate Professor E l l io t t .
An introduction to the study of administration, with special application to the educational program. Both the science and the art of administration are examined.
262. T H E SECO ND ARY-SCH O O L PRINCIPALSH1P. Fall term. Credit two hours.
T 4:15-5:45. Stone 201. Associate Professor E l l io t t .
A course in school administration dealing with the responsibilities of the secondary-school principal w ithin the school building. Special attention is given to the problems of the small high school.
264. SC H O O L F IN A N C E . Fall term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite, course 261
or the equivalent. T h 4:15-5:45. Warren 201. Associate Professor E l l io t t .
Typical problems: how local school funds are levied, collected, and disbursed; budget making; bonding; sources of state funds and their distribution.
[265. T H E S C H O O L P L A N T . Spring term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite, course 261 or the equivalent. Professor ----------- .] N ot given in 1954-55.
[267. L E G A L P R O B L E M S OF T H E S C H O O L A D M I N I S T R A T O R . Credit two hours. Mr. ----------- .] N ot given in 1954-55.
[268. S E M I N A R I N E D U C A T I O N A L A D M I N I S T R A T I O N . Spring term. Credit
two hours. Associate Professor E l l io t t .] N ot given in 1954-55.
CURRICULUM, ELEMENTARY, AND SECONDARY EDUCATION
[246. T H E S U P E R V I S I O N OF T H E E L E M E N T A R Y SC H O O L . Spring term. Credit three hours. Candidates for a principal’s certificate may register for two hours’ credit. Professor ----------- .] N ot given in 1954-55.
247. S E M IN A R I N E L E M E N T A R Y E D U C A T IO N . Spring term. Credit two hours. S 9-10:40. Stone 201. P rofessor----------- .
[263. T H E P R I N C I P A L S H I P OF T H E E L E M E N T A R Y S C H O O L . Credit two hours. Professor -----------.] N ot given in 1954-55.
2 7 6. PRIN C IP LE S OF C U R R IC U L U M B U IL D IN G . Fall term. Credit two hours. W 4 -6 . Stone 20 1. Associate Professor St u t z .

A consideration of major problems, principles, and techniques in determining the school curriculum.
277. S E M IN A R I N C U R R IC U L U M . Spring term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite,
course 276 or the equivalent. W 2-3:30. Stone 201. Associate Professor St u t z .
292. S E M I N A R I N S O C IA L S T U D I E S E D U C A T I O N . Fall term. Credit as ar­
ranged. M 4:15. Stone 212. Associate Professor St u t z .
A course designed for resident or extramural students who are working on special problems in social studies education.
GUIDANCE AND PERSONNEL
282. E D U C A T I O N A L A N D V O C A T I O N A L G U IDAN CE. Fall term. Credit two hours. For graduate students only. S 9-11. Stone 201. Associate Professor A. G.
N elson.
Principles and practices of educational and vocational guidance. Historical and theoretical background of the guidance movement; educational, vocational, and community information needed; the study of the individual group; group methods; counseling; placement and follow-up; the organization, administration, and ap­ praisal of guidance programs.
283. CO U NSELING M E T H O D S. Spring term. Credit two hours. For graduate students only. Prerequisite, course 255 and 282 or their equivalent. T 2-4. Warren
201. Associate Professor A. G. N e l so n .
Techniques for counseling with individuals concerning various types of educa­ tional, social, and vocational adjustment problems. Case studies.
284. G R O U P T E C H N IQ U E S I N GUIDANCE. Spring term. Credit two hours.
S 9-11. Warren 260. Associate Professor A. G. N e l s o n .
Methods and materials for presenting occupational and orientation information to students. Deals with classes in occupations, orientation groups, field trips, clubs, work-experience programs, and other group methods.
285. O C C U P A T IO N A L A N D E D U C A T I O N A L I N F O R M A T I O N . Fall term. Credit four hours. T T h 1. Field trips, M afternoon. Stone 201. Permission of the
instructor required. Associate Professor A. G. N e l s o n .
Survey and appraisal of occupations and training opportunities; study of sources of educational and vocational information; job analysis; vocational trends. Field trips to places of employment.
289. SU P E RV ISED P R A C T I C E I N T E S T I N G A N D C O U N S E L IN G . Either term. Credit to be arranged. For advanced students only. Prerequisites, courses 255, 282, and 283, or their equivalents, and permission of the instructor. Hours for observa­
tion and practice to be arranged. W 5. Associate Professor A. G. N e l s o n .
Practice in the administration, scoring, and interpretation of psychological tests. Observation and supervised experience in counseling at the Cornell Guidance Center. Case conferences and assigned readings.
GENERAL EDUCATION
190. S O C IA L F O U N D A T I O N OF E D U C A T I O N . Fall or spring term. Credit three hours. Must be approved by the instructor in charge. Fall term: M W F 10;
spring term: M W F 11. Warren 260. Associate Professor S t u t z .
Evaluation of the school as a social institution and emphasis upon the role the school must play in a democratic society.
[194. P R I N C I P L E S OF V O C A T I O N A L E D U C A T I O N . Spring term. Credit two
h o u r s . Given in alternate years. Associate Professor W . A. S m it h .] N ot given in
1954-55.

199. I N F O R M A L S T U D Y I N E D U C A T I O N . M aximum credit, three hours each term. Members of the staff.
This privilege is granted to a qualified student of junior rank or above, when approved by his adviser from the Education staff who is personally responsible for the study.
297. H I S T O R Y OF E D U C A T IO N I N T H E M O D E R N P ERIO D . Spring term. Credit three hours. For seniors and graduate students. T T h 9-10:30. Stone 201.
Associate Professor St u t z .
A survey of education from the beginning of the seventeenth century to the present, with emphasis on public education and on historical trends affecting con­ temporary educational policies and practices.
299. E D U C A T I O N A L R E S E A R C H M E T H O D S . Fall term. Credit two hours. For graduate students preparing for or engaged in research in education. M W 11.
Warren 34 5. Assistant Professor A h m a n n .
Consideration of the basic research methods as applied to education and the principles of thesis writing.
300. SP EC IA L S T U D IE S . Credit as arranged. Members of the staff. Students working on thesis or other research projects may register for this course. T h e staff members concerned must be consulted before registration.
400. I N T E R N S H I P I N E D U C A T IO N . Fall and spring terms. Credit from two to six hours, as arranged. Members of the staff.
Opportunity for apprentice or similar practical experience on the graduate level in administration, agricultural education, guidance, personnel administration, super­ vision, and other types of professional service in education.
R URAL SOCIOLOGY
1. G E N E R A L S O C IO L O G Y F O R S T U D E N T S OF R U R A L LIF E . Fall or spring term. Credit three hours. May not be taken by those who have credit for Sociology and Anthropology 101. N ot open to freshmen except in second term upon approval of the instructor. Lectures and discussions, M W F 8. Warren 45. Professor
A nderson.
T his is a general introductory sociology course designed especially for students in agriculture and home economics. Its object is to create an understanding of the group, the ecological, and the institutional organization of society and how they function. Illustrations are chiefly from rural society. T he general social organization is described to show the interrelatedness of society.
12. E F F E C T IV E C O M M U N I T Y L I V I N G . Fall or spring term. Credit three hours. O pen to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. M W F 11-12:20. Warren 131. Associate
Professor R e e d e r .
This course is primarily concerned with helping students to acquire the kinds of understanding, skills, and attitudes that are essential in functioning effectively as members of a rural community. Students practice organization skills in the solu­ tion of laboratory problems. Principles are emphasized in relation to their appli­ cation.
105. O R G A N I Z A T I O N M E T H O D S . Fall term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 1 or 12 or permission of the instructor. T T h 11-12:50. Warren 31. Associate
Professor R eed er .
A study of the methods and techniques by which officers, group members, and administrators may increase the effectiveness of organizations. Primary emphasis is given to organizations and service agencies which are found in rural society, such as farm bureau, hom e bureau, Grange, 4-H, churches, schools, fraternal organiza­

tions, and civic clubs. T he course is designed to give students experience in using some of the basic organization methods.
111. R U R A L C O M M U N I T Y O R G A N I Z A T I O N . Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 1 or 12 or permission of the instructor. M W F 9. Warren 232.
Associate Professor R e e d e r .
A consideration of the problems involved in helping people and organizations in a community work together to meet their common needs.
Problems which arise in helping schools, churches, farm organizations, and civic groups in integrating themselves into the life of the community is one part of this consideration. Students are given the opportunity to practice some organization techniques which have been found successful in community organization work.
123. P A R T I C I P A T I O N I N S O C IA L A G E N C IE S . Fall or spring term. Hours and credit to be arranged. Prerequisite, permission of the instructor. Preference in admission to this course will be given to students with experience in leisure-time agency programs (community centers, girl scouts, and the like.) Associate Professor
T aietz.
This course is open to a lim ited number of mature students in the pre-professional social-work curriculum who are planning to take a beginning job in social work after graduation. A small number of opportunities are available for observation and lim ited participation in the practice of social casework in the following settings: medical, school, mental hygiene clinic, and the public welfare agency.
124. T H E F IE L D OF SO C IA L W O R K . Fall term. Credit three hours. N ot open to freshmen or sophomores. Prerequisite, one course in sociology and one course in psychology. Lectures and discussions, M W F 9. Warren 232. Associate Professor
T aietz.
T his course considers the field of social work and its services designed to m eet a wide range of human needs growing out of social, economic, and emotional m al­ adjustments. An understanding of social work is developed through a study of the processes of social case work, social group work, and community organization. Consideration is given to social work as a career, the professional knowledge and skill necessary for the practice of social work, and how these can be acquired through training.
126. SO C IA L S E RV IC E S T O IN D I V I D U A L S . Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 124 or permission of instructor. M W 11-12:30. Warren 232.
Associate Professor T a ie t z .
An analytical study of attitudes and behavior commonly encountered in helping people who have personal and social problems. A survey of social case-work methods, with particular emphasis on the technique of interviewing. Discussion of case material provided by the instructor and from student’s own experience.
[128. A N I N T R O D U C T I O N T O T H E P U B L I C S O C IA L SERVICES. Fall term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, course 124 or permission of instructor. Associate
Professor T a ie t z .] Not given in 1954-55.
The development of governmental responsibility for meeting economic need and social problems related thereto. An analysis of the basic concepts underlying the organization and administration of public social services.
[129. P U B L I C S O C IA L S E RV IC E S F O R C H I L D R E N . Spring term. Credit three
hours. Associate Professor T a ie t z .] N ot given in 1954-55.
A study of the development of public responsibility for the care of dependent, neglected, delinquent, and handicapped children.
132. R U R A L L E A D E R S H I P . Spring term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite, per­
mission of the instructor. T h 2-4. Warren 31. Professor L a r s o n .

A study of the theories of leadership, a review of the significant research in the area of leadership, and a description and analysis of representative methods of recruiting and training lay leaders. Emphasis is on leadership in rural situations.
134. R U R A L S O C IA L P R O B L E M S A N D P U B L IC P O L IC Y . Fall term. Credit two hours. Open to graduate students. Prerequisite, permission of the instructor. T 2-4.
Warren 31. Professor L a r s o n .
This course relates the problem concept to a theoretical frame of reference, traces the developm ent of social problems in American rural life, and exam ines the social aspects of selected current problems including levels of living, socio­ economic status groups, institutionalized facilities and services, population, and technological change. Public policies and action to meet these problems are de­ scribed and analyzed.
[135. F A R M E R S ’ O R G A N I Z A T I O N S . Spring term. Credit three hours. Open
to juniors, seniors, and graduate students. Professor A n d er so n .] N ot given in 1954-55.
A study of the important farmers’ movements in the United States. T he organ­ ization, programs, and policies of present state and national farmers’ organiza­ tions, and their relations to national agricultural policies and to extension programs.
137. A D J U S T M E N T I N T H E M I D D L E A N D L A T E R YE A R S . Fall term. Credit three hours. T T h 11-12:30. Warren 232. Associate Professor T a ie t z .
This course considers the adjustment in the middle and later years of life as a process of biological, psychological, and social change. Emphasis is placed upon changes in role and status, marital and family relationships, living arrangements, and em ployment. T h e provisions, public and private, that have been developed to m eet the aged person’s economic, social, psychological, m edical, recreational, edu­ cational, and housing needs are described and evaluated.
[207. SOCIO LOG ICAL T H E O R Y . Fall term. Credit three hours. Alternates with course 2 0 8. Professor A n d er so n .] N ot given in 1 9 5 4 -5 5 .
A critical analysis of sociological theories from the tim e of Auguste Comte to contemporary sociologists.
[208. S Y S T E M A T I C SO C IO LO G Y. Fall term. Credit three hours. Open to seniors
and graduate students. Prerequisite, permission of instructor. Professor A n d e r s o n .]
Not given in 1954-55. This course presents a frame of reference for sociological thinking, with special
emphasis on the interrelationships of the concepts in a system of sociology.
[211. T H E R U R A L C O M M U N I T Y . Fall term. Credit two hours. Prerequisite,
permission of the instructor. Associate Professor R e e d e r .] N ot given in 1954-55.
T he community is analyzed with regard to its structure and functions in presentday society. A developmental analysis is made of contemporary rural communities in America and other countries.
212. R U R A L SO C IO LO G Y. Fall term, credit three hours. M W F 9. Warren 31.
Prerequisite, permission of the instructor or graduate standing. Professor L a r so n .
A study of rural life in the United States, including population, patterns of making a living, group relationships, and the structure and functioning of insti­ tutionalized activities. These areas are considered from the standpoint of major trends and significant regional variations.
[213. R U R A L S O C IO LO G Y. Spring term in alternate years. Credit two hours.
Prerequisite, course 212. Professor L a r so n .] Not given in 1954-55.
A comprehensive review of the development and content of rural sociology and of the points of view represented in the field.

[217. SE M IN A R: T H E H IS T O R Y OF RESEARCH IN R U R A L SOCIOLOGY. Spring term. Credit three hours. Prerequisite, permission of the instructor. Professor A n d e r s o n .] N ot given in 1954-55.
A study of the developm ent of research in ru ral sociology. Analysis of research m ethods, objectives, and results.
218. SEM INAR: APPLICATIO NS OF SOCIOLOGY TO PROBLEMS OF R U R A L SOCIETY. T hroughout the year. Credit two hours. O pen to graduate students. M 2-4. W arren 232. Associate Professor Moe and m em bers of the staff.
A pplication of sociological inform ation, theory, and m ethods to the program s of in stitu tio n s a n d agencies concerned w ith ru ra l life. Special em phasis is placed on the problem s of com m unication and social change.
219. SE M IN A R: C O M M U N ITY O R G A N IZ A T IO N . Spring term . C redit two hours. Prerequisite, permission of a departm ent staff m em ber. W 2-4. W arren 232. P ro­ fessor P o l s o n and m em bers of the staff.
A pplication of sociology to the problem s of rural-com m unity organization and community planning.
[220. SE M IN A R: C O M PA R ATIVE R U R A L SOCIAL LIFE. Fall term . C redit two hours. O pen to seniors, special students, and graduate students. Professor A n d e r s o n .] N ot given in 1954-55.
A com parison of the ecological, economic, and social organization of rural life in foreign lands, including E uropean, South American, M iddle East, and O riental countries, w ith consideration of m ajor social problem s. T h e specific countries to be studied are determ ined by student interest.
[240. SEM IN AR: PROBLEM S IN TE AC H IN G SOCIOLOGY. Spring term . C redit two hours. Prerequisite, perm ission of instructor. Associate Professor R e e d f .r and staff.] N ot given in 1954-55.
A consideration of the problem s in teaching sociology in colleges and a study of some of the new approaches to teaching th at are being tried in American u n i­ versities.
250. IN F O R M A L STU D Y IN R U R A L SOCIOLOGY. T h ro u g h o u t th e year. C redit to be arranged. Prerequisite, permission of the departm ent staff m em ber concerned. Professor P o l s o n and m em bers of the staff.
251. RESEARCH IN R U R A L SOCIOLOGY. T h ro u g h o u t the year. H ours and credit to be arranged. Professor P o l s o n and m em bers of the staff.
M ETHODS OF RESEARCH IN TH E BEH AVIO RAL SCIENCES (ILR 497-498). An in terd ep artm en tal course given cooperatively by the staffs of the departm ents and schools interested in coordinated research training. T h roughout the year. Credit three hours a term . First term prerequisite to the second. O pen to upperclass m ajors a n d g ra d u ate students. T T h 10 a n d a two h o u r lab o rato ry p eriod to be arranged. Messrs. B r o n f e n b r e n n e r , D e a n , D e v e r e u x , M o e , S u c h m a n , W i l ­ lia m s , W h y t e and other members of the cooperating departm ents.
Basic scientific m ethods used in current research upon hum an behavior. Course will include survey m ethod, unstructured interview ing, participant field observation, content analysis, controlled and sem icontrolled experim ents and the analysis of docum ents. Lectures, dem onstrations, case m aterials, laboratory an d field sessions.
VEGETABLE CROPS
Students planning to specialize to a greater or less extent in vegetable crops should consult the departm ent regarding choice and sequence of courses. An o u t­ line of suggestions is available.

3. G EN ERAL H O R T IC U L T U R E . S pring term . C redit fo u r hours. L ectures, M W F 8. P la n t Science 233. L aboratory, M T W o r F 2-4:30. E ast R oberts 301. Professor
P ra tt.
An introductory course in general horticulture, including flower, fruit, and vegetable growing. Intended prim arily for students who w ant a general knowledge b u t do not plan to specialize in any one of these fields.
11. CO M M ERCIAL VEG ETABLE P RO D U C TIO N . F all term . C redit fo u r hours. L ectures, M W F 11. East R oberts 222. L ab o ra to ry W o r F 2-4:30. E ast R oberts 301. Professor S w e e t.
Intended for the student who wishes to specialize in comm ercial vegetable growing, w hether the vegetables are for the fresh m arket or for processing. A study of the general principles of vegetable growing. C onsideration is also given to the economic im portance, cultural requirem ents, m arketing, and storage of im ­ portant vegetables. Field trips are required.
22. P O T A T O P RO D U C TIO N A N D PROCESSING. S pring term . C redit th ree hours. L ectures, T T h 10. East R oberts 222. L aboratory, T or W 2-4:30. East R oberts 223. Professor O r a S m i t h .
General principles and practical phases of potato production, storage, and process­ ing are discussed. Grow th processes and soil and environm ental factors are em pha­ sized as influencing production. Topics such as storage m ethods, grading, packag­ ing, cooking quality, nutritive value, processing, and industrial uses of potatoes also are studied. T w o field trips, one of w hich is all-day, are taken to po tato farms and processing plants.
10. VEG ETABLE JU DG ING, G RAD IN G A N D ID E N T IF IC A T IO N . Fall term . N ot for credit. M 4:30-6 or other time to be arranged if more suitable to group. East R oberts 223. Professor P ratt.
Intended to prepare students for participation in vegetable-judging contests, to help them become m ore com petent vegetable judges at local and county fairs, and to enable them to teach this subject better when they are serving as teachers of vocational agriculture, local 4-H club leaders, or as county 4-H club agents. T h e best students in the class are selected as the Cornell Vegetable Judging team to compete in the national intercollegiate vegetable judging, grading, and identification contest in December.
T h e course includes potato grading, identifying potato grade defects, and id en ti­ fy ing vegetable varieties, weeds, insects, a n d diseases, as well as ju d g in g vegetables.
12. P O ST -H A R V E ST H A N D L IN G OF VEG ETABLE CROPS. Fall term . C redit th ree hours. L ectures, T T h 11. East R oberts 222. L aboratory, T o r W 2-4:30. East R oberts 223. Professor H a r t m a n .
H orticultural aspects of m arketing vegetables; vocational opportunities in the field, m ethods of estim ating and m easuring quality and grade; research results and practices in packing, storing, transporting, and selling. One two-day and three afternoon trips required. Estim ated p artial cost of transportation to be collected from th e stu d e n t, $2.
112. H A N D L IN G V EG ETABLE CROPS, ADVANCED COURSE. Fall term . Credit four hours. Prim arily for graduate students and those undergraduates who are specializing in m arketing. L ectures, T T h 11. E ast R oberts 222. L aboratory, T or W 2-4:30. East R oberts 223. O ne-hour conference period, to be arranged. Professor H a r t m a n .
T h is course has th e sam e lectures, laboratories, a n d field trip s as course 12. M uch m ore outside reading of research publications in the field is req u ired in course 112 th a n in course 12, a n d different e xam inations are given for the two courses.

101. VEG ETABLE CROPS, ADVANCED COURSE. F all term . C red it fo u r hours. P rerequisite, course 11 a n d B otany 31, L ectures, M W F 11. L ab o rato ry , M 2-4:30. East R oberts 223. Professor J a c o b .
A course devoted to a systematic study of the literature dealing w ith practices in vegetable production. Results of experim ents that have been concluded or are being conducted are studied, and their application to the solution of practical problem s is discussed.
113. K INDS AND V A R IE TIE S OF VEGETABLES. Fall term . C redit th ree hours. Given in a lte rn a te years. P rerequisite, course 11 o r perm ission to register. L ecture and L aboratory, F 2-4:30. Place to be announced. Associate Professor C a r e w .
L aboratory work preceding the beginning of regular instruction is required, Sep­ tem ber 13 to Septem ber 21. R e p o rt a t E ast Ith ac a G ardens a t 8 a.m ., Septem ber 13. T h e instructor should be notified by Septem ber 3 of intention to register for this course.
T his course involves a study of new and standard varieties of strains of vege­ tables, their origin, characteristics, adaptation, identification, and evaluation. T he vegetable seed in d u stry is also discussed. T h e m ain value of this course lies in the study of crops in the field.
[225. RESEARCH M ETH O D S IN VEG ETABLE CROPS. S pring term . C red it fo u r hours. P rim arily for g ra d u ate students. P rereq u isite, course 101. I t is recom ­ m ended th a t B otany 231 a n d 232 precede o r accom pany this course. Associate Professor K e l l y and Professor J a c o b .] N ot given in 1954-55.
A study of research techniques peculiar to vegetable crops, w ith a study of the literature and the solution of research problems.
231. U NDERG RADUATE RESEARCH. Fall and spring terms. C redit one or more hours a term , by arrangem ent. For advanced undergraduate students. Regis­ tratio n by perm ission of the staff m em ber w ho is to direct the research. M em bers of the staff.
Special problem s may be elected in any line of vegetable work. Sum m er resi­ dence is often necessary in connection w ith experim ental problem s.
232. SEM INAR. Fall and spring term s. R equired of graduate students taking eith er a m ajor o r m inor in this D epartm ent. T h 4:15. East R oberts 222. M embers of dep artm en tal staff.
COURSES IN O T H E R COLLEGES T H A T MAY BE OFFERED
T O M EET T H E SPECIFIC REQ U IR EM EN TS OF REG U LA R
STUDENTS IN T H E COLLEGE OF A G RICU LTU RE
R eference S ho u ld be m ade to th e A nnouncem ent of the College of Arts and Sciences, o r its supplem ents, for descriptions of E nglish 111 a n d 112, Chem istry 101 a n d 102, o r 105 a n d 106, Physics 103 a n d 104, Geology 115, a n d Zoology 103 a n d 104, w hich m ay be used to satisfy the re q u ire m e n ts in those subjects, as listed on page 26.
M ILITARY SCIENCE AND PHYSICAL T R A IN IN G
T h e Announcement of the Independent Divisions and Departments lists the courses th a t m eet the U niversity’s req u irem en ts in M ilitary Science a n d Physical T rain in g .

General Information
T H E BUILDINGS
T H E B U IL D IN G S erected u n d er the enactm ent of 1904 were first occupied in J u n e 1907. T h e central g ro u p th en erected consisted of
a m ain adm inistrative and classroom building, R oberts H all, connected by covered loggias w ith the D airy B uilding, now East R oberts, on the east, and w ith Stone H all, now occupied by the D epartm ent of R u ral E ducation, on the west. Subsequently, the L egislature provided for the erection of two large barns, a greenhouse range, a forestry building (Fernow H all), a poultry husbandry building (Rice H all), a soils b u ild ­ ing (Caldwell H all), an auditorium (Bailey H all), a classroom building (W ing H all) and a stock-judging building for anim al husbandry, several small poultry buildings, a sheep barn, a swine barn, a farm shop a n d tool shed, a n d an insectary. T h e re are, in ad d itio n , a fishbreeding house in Cascadilla Creek, a seed-storage house, a cold-storage and packing house, and o th er sm all buildings on the farms. In 1920 the State authorized the College to plan a fu rther developm ent of its b u ild in g program involving an ex p en d itu re of $3,000,000. U n d er this b u ilding program p lan $500,000 was a p p ro p riated in 1920 for a new dairy building, and in 1922 provision was m ade for its eq u ipm en t. T h e b u ild in g came into use in the fall of 1923. A fu rth e r ap p ro p ria tio n of sim ilar am ount was used for com pleting the Dairy Building, erecting an additional greenhouse range, moving and rem odeling the Agri­ cultural Engineering laboratories, and constructing the foundation for the P lant Science B uilding. T h e last-nam ed building was com pleted u n d e r an a p p ro p ria tio n of $1,100,000 m ad e by the L egislature of 1928, and occupancy began w ith the second term of 1930-31. T h e Legislature of 1930 provided $400,000 for the eq u ip m en t of the P la n t Science B uilding an d ap p ro p riated $100,000 for ad dition al barns, and other sm aller buildings for the D epartm ent of A nim al H usbandry. I t also ap p ro priated $100,000 for the construction of the fo u n d atio n of a building for the D epartm ents of A gricultural Economics and R ural Sociology, a n d to this sum th e L eg islatu re of 1931 a d d ed $500,000 for the com pletion of the building. T h e new barns for sheep, swine, and beef cattle w ere com pleted in 1931. T h e D epartm ents of A gricultural Economics and R u ral Sociology occupied their new building, W arren H all, in February, 1933. In 1934-35 the com pletion of a new hom e economics building, M artha Van Rensselaer H all, m ade it possible to move the D epartm ent of Entomology into the building previously occupied by th e C ollege of H o m e Econom ics. T h e b u ild in g is now

nam ed Comstock H all. T h e horse barn and the sheep barn were de­ stroyed by fire in 1938 a n d have subseq u en tly b een replaced. A new lib rary for A g ricu ltu re an d H om e Econom ics was com pleted in 1952. Construction of a new building for A gricultural Engineering was started in the fall of 1953.
LANDS FOR RESEARCH AND IN STRU CTIO N
C ornell U niversity owns or leases a b o u t 12,000 acres of land. O f this, approxim ately 7,500 acres are used by the several departm ents of the College of A griculture. A bout 600 acres m ore are in w ildlife preserves and field stations and are used jointly by several departm ents of the
U niversity. T h e type and am ount of land assigned to each departm ent varies
according to its needs. Some departm ents, such as Agronom y, P lant Breeding, Floriculture and O rnam ental H orticulture, and Vegetable Crops, need tillable land w ith certain types of soil on which to conduct field experim ents. T h e A nim al H usbandry D epartm ent needs large areas suitable for pasture and for the production of hay and corn for silage to feed experim ental anim als. T h e D epartm ent of Pomology has an area of a b o u t 100 acres th a t is used for o rc h a rd a n d sm all fruits, and the D epartm ent of Poultry H usbandry uses about the same acreage for poultry buildings and range.
A rable land not imm ediately needed by the individual departm ents for research an d in stru c tio n is o p e ra te d by th e Office of F arm Practice on an extensive basis. T h is office also acts as a service d ep a rtm e n t, plowing and fitting m uch of the land used by other departm ents for experim ental purposes. T h is system prevents the duplication of ex­ pensive m achinery and uses the farm labor efficiently. T h e D epart­ ments of Anim al H usbandry, Agronomy, and Plant Breeding, because they have such large areas under cultivation, own their own equipm ent.
T h e tillable lands used by departm ents of the College comprise about 2,200 acres; ab o u t 465 acres m ore are in pasture. T h e rem aining area used by the College consists of forest tracts and of lands used as w ild­ life preserves and field stations. T h e D epartm ent of C onservation alone operates alm ost 5,000 acres, of w hich the A rnot Forest, ab o u t twenty m iles southw est of Ithaca and consisting of m ore than 4,000 acres, and the A dirondack Forest of 624 acres are the most extensive. T h e wildlife preserves and field stations include a biology field station at the head of Cayuga Lake, wildlife reservations at M cLean and Ringwood (each only a short distance from Ithaca), and a wildflower preserve at Slaterville.
L IB R A R IE S
T h e Colleges of A griculture and H om e Economics are served by the A lb ert R . M an n L ib ra ry of a b o u t 210,000 volum es. T h is is su p p le m e n t­

ed by the other libraries of Cornell University, containing more than 1,000,000 volumes, m any of w hich also relate directly to agricu ltural and hom e economics subjects. In addition to m aterials on applied agriculture and hom e economics, the M ann L ibrary contains extensive collections dealing w ith such related sciences as botany, biochem istry, bacteriology, genetics, and entomology. It also includes large collections in economics, sociology, and education, and sm aller collections on a variety of other subjects. Of m ajor im portance are the num erous com plete files of foreign an d dom estic periodicals an d governm ent publications, of w hich some 6,000 are received currently. T h e library includes an outstanding collection on beekeeping m aintained from funds provided in honor of the late Everett Franklin Phillips.
T h e p rin c ip a l collection o n entom ology a n d lim nology is in C om ­ stock H all, w ith the departm ent it serves. Small departm ental collec­ tions of reprints, bulletins, and duplicate books and journals for use of faculty and graduate students are also provided in several other buildings.
T h e A lbert R . M ann L ibrary, com pleted in 1952, has a capacity of 400,000 volum es a n d 600 re a d in g ro o m seats. T h e first floor is devoted prim arily to books assigned for class reading, w ith room s seating 300 persons. Also on this floor are rooms for typing and for small groups studying together, and the Ellis Room containing books and periodicals for inform al reading. O n the second floor are the reference, bibliog­ raph y , a n d p erio d ical re a d in g room s, offices, a n d w ork room s, the m ain loan desk, and the card catalog. T h e catalog provides a record of the library m aterials in all libraries and departm ental collections of the Colleges. T h e L ibrary has a com prehensive collection of bibliographies, as well as a card catalog of publications of the U n ited States D ep art­ m ent of Agriculture.
T h e L ib ra ry is open, w ith lib ra ria n s o n d u ty to assist readers, from 7:50 a.m. to 10:00 p.m . daily except Saturday, w hen it closes at 5:00 p.m. Students may borrow most books, except those on reserve, for periods of two weeks. D etailed inform ation on library regulations and suggestions for use of the L ibrary are provided in a handbook distrib­ uted to all new students.
S C H O L A R SH IPS
GENERAL SCHOLARSHIPS
Students in the College of A griculture are eligible to compete for certain scholarships that are available to all undergraduates in the U ni­ versity. A m ong these are the Cornell N ational Scholarships, the U niver­ sity U ndergraduate Scholarships, and the George W . LeFevre Scholar­ ships. Residents of New York State are also eligible for the State U n i­ versity Scholarships. T hose who reside in certain areas may apply for

scholarships supported by the C ornell A lum ni Clubs. N um erous other

scholarships have various special lim itations other than enrollm ent in a

particular school o

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candidates for any of these scholarships should get this booklet early

in the final year of secondary school, to be certain that their applica­

tions are on file at the p roper tim e and th a t they m ake the necessary

arrangem ents to take the req u ired tests.

Of special interest are the State University Scholarships m entioned

above, five of w hich are aw ard ed each county an n u a lly for each assem­

bly district therein. Each of these scholarships entitles the holder to

$350 for each year w hile he is a tte n d in g an ap p ro ved college in this

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State Commissioner of Education at Albany, to whom application

should be made for any inform ation about the conditions of award, or

any inform ation about the rules of adm inistration.

SCH O LA RSH IPS AW A RD ED BY T H E CO LLEG E O F A G R IC U L T U R E
SEARS, ROEBUCK SCHOLARSHIPS T h e Sears, R oebuck A gricultural Foundation has provided fifteen
scholarships for farm -reared freshmen entering in 1954-55. T h e value of each scholarship is $200. T h e aw ards are m ade on the basis of financial need and of scholastic prom ise in the field of agriculture. A scholarship of $200 is available for an o u tstan d in g sophom ore w ho held one of these scholarships in his freshm an year. A pplications are to be addressed to the Office of R e sid e n t In stru c tio n , R o b erts H all, Ithaca, N ew York, a n d m ust be com pleted by J u ly 15.
NEW YORK STATE BANKERS ASSOCIATION SCHOLARSHIP A scholarship of $200 is offered for 1954-55 by the N ew York State
Bankers Association to a young m an who has been a 4-H Club m em ber a n d w ho is reco m m en d ed by his 4-H C lu b agent. I t is aw arded for the freshm an year on the basis of financial need, scholarship, and the promise of service to agriculture. T h e 4-H C lub agent in each county of New York State may recom m end one candidate to whom he will forw ard an a p p lic a tio n form . A p p licatio n s m u st be on file in the Office of R esid en t In stru c tio n , R o b erts H all, Ith aca, N ew York, by J u ly 15.
TH E CARL E. LADD M EM O RIAL SCHOLARSHIPS

u n til his d e a th in 1943, provides scholarships w ith an a n n u a l value of $200 each. T hese scholarships are open to young men and women from New York farms w ho are m em bers of any class in the College of A gri­ culture. T h e awards are m ade on the basis of financial need, prom ise for future leadership, and school record. A pplications are to be sent to the Office of R esident In stru ctio n , R oberts H all, Ith aca, New York, by J u ly 15. Seventeen scholarships are av ailab le for th e academ ic year 1954-55.
GEORGE LAM O NT EDUCATIONAL FUND
T h e George LaM ont Educational Fund was established by gifts from George B. L aM ont and his son T . E. L aM ont, owners of the L aM ont Fruit farm in Albion, O rleans County, New York. T h e income from the fund provides scholarships for Orleans County farm boys of good m oral character who have a record in school and out that shows ability and application and who are in need of financial assistance. Awards are for one year and usually are m ade only to boys entering college.
O ne or two scholarships of $200 each are available for the academic year 1954-55.
A pplication blanks are distributed by the principals and teachers of vocational agriculture in O rleans C ounty high schools. T h e com pleted application and the sup p o rtin g form are to be addressed to the Office of Resident Instruction, R oberts H all, Ithaca, New York. Both m ust be received by Ju ly 15.
THE ROBERTS SCHOLARSHIPS
T h e R oberts Scholarship Fund, a gift of the late Dr. Charles H. R oberts, of Oakes, U lster C ounty, N ew York, provides five scholarships, each retainable for one year, b u t not open to newly entering students. As expressed by the founder, the purpose of these scholarships is to fu r­ nish financial assistance to students in the College of A griculture who are of good m oral character, who show native ability, tact, and appli­ cation, and who are in need of such assistance, especially students com ing from ru ra l districts. T h e aw ards are m ade after the close of each year. A pplication blanks and copies of the regulations may be o b ta in e d at th e office o f th e Secretary of th e C ollege of A gricu ltu re. A ll applications m ust be on the official blanks, w hich, w ith all o th er in ­ fo rm atio n , m u st be filed at th e Office of R e sid en t In stru c tio n of the College by J u n e 1. T h e p resen t v alue of each scholarship is $250.
BORDEN AGRICU LTURAL SCHOLARSHIP AW ARD
T h e Borden Com pany has established an annual scholarship award to recognize and assist outstanding students who give prom ise of future achievem ent. I t is aw arded to th e stu d e n t of th e C ollege of A g ricu ltu re who has taken at least two courses in dairying and who, upon entering his senior year, has the highest average grade for all of his previous

college w ork of any of the sim ilarly eligible students. T he value is $300 payable upon registration in the College for the senior year.
THE BURPEE AWARD IN HORTICULTURE An ann u al aw ard of $100 is m ade possible th ro u g h a g ran t from the
W. Atlee Burpee Company, Seed Growers, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, an d C lin to n , Iow a. T h e p u rp o se of this aw ard is to encourage o u tsta n d ­ ing studen ts in th e study of vegetable grow ing a n d flower grow ing. I t is to be aw arded a t th e b e g in n in g of th e senior year a n d is to be divided equally betw een two students, one in the field of floriculture and orna­ m ental horticulture and the other in vegetable crop production. T o be eligible, th e stu d e n t shall have com p leted B otany 31 or its eq u iv a len t and at least two courses in the D epartm ent concerned, and shall have signified intention of specializing in th at D epartm ent.
H ER V EY S. H A L L SC H O LARSH IP T h e H ervey S. H a ll Scholarship, estab lish ed by beq uest of Miss M ary
F. H all, of Spencer, N ew York, a n d h av in g an a n n u a l value of $120, is to be aw arded to a properly qualified student of either sex, a resident of New York, pursuing a course in agriculture leading to the degree of B achelor of Science, a n d in need of financial aid. I t is to be g ran ted first to a student from the tow n of Spencer, New York, should a suitable candidate appear, or to a student from T ioga County, or from the State at large.” A p p lic a tio n for this scholarship sh o u ld be m ade a t the Office of R esid en t In stru c tio n by J u n e 1.
THE R O B E RT M. ADAMS 4-H M EM O RIAL SCHOLARSHIP T h e R obert M. Adams 4-H M em orial Scholarship was established in
honor of Professor R. M. Adams by the 4-H Clubs of the State. T h e scholarship yields approxim ately $50 a year. Students who are New York residents are eligible to apply after their first year in the College, and those who have been 4-H Club members are given first considera­ tion. T h e aw ard is based o n financial need, character, ability, an d scholarship. A pplication for this scholarship should be made at the Office of R e sid e n t In stru c tio n by J u n e 1.
W O M A N ’S N A T IO N A L FARM A N D G ARD EN ASSO C IATIO N
SCHOLARSHIPS T h e New York State Division of this Association has provided the
folAlowscihnoglatrwsohipscihnolharosnhoipr so: f its first president, Mrs. Francis King. T h e
value of the scholarship is $500, payable over a two-year period. T h e aw ard is m ade b ie n n ia lly to a w om an of th e sophom ore class in the College of A griculture. Character, interest in agriculture, scholarship, and financial need are considered. A pplications should be sent to the Office of R esident In stru ctio n , R oberts H all, Ithaca, N ew York, before
J u n e 1.

A scholarship in recognition of its honorary president, Mrs. Walter Douglas. Ju n io r or senior women in the College of A griculture who
have achieved high standing are eligible to apply for the aw ard of $200. Character and financial need are considered, w ith preference given to girls who have been active in a 4-H Club. A pplication should be m ade a t th e Office of R esid en t In stru c tio n by J u n e 1.
ESSO 4-H SCHOLARSHIP
T h e Esso Standard O il Com pany has established four-year scholar­ ships of $100 a year to be awarded, two each year, to students entering the College of A griculture. T h e awards are made, on the basis of m erit, ability, and need, to boys who have satisfactorily com pleted at least three years of 4-H Club work including the preceding year, and who graduate from high school w ith a scholastic standing in the upper half of the class. T h e recipient receives $100 each year for four years, p ro ­ vided he rem ains in college and m aintains a satisfactory record.
A pplication blanks may be obtained from the 4-H Club agent in each county. A p p licatio n s m u st be o n file in th e Office of R esid en t In stru c ­ tio n , R o b erts H all, Ith aca, N ew York, J u ly 15.
WARD W. STEVENS HOLSTEIN SCHOLARSHIP
A fund in honor of W ard W. Stevens provides a scholarship to a m ale undergraduate student in either the two-year or the four-year course in the College of A griculture, who has com pleted at least one-half of his course. T h e v alue of th e scholarship in 1954-55 is $500. I t m ay be awarded to one student or divided between two students. A student w ho has h eld the scholarship is eligible to reapply. T h e aw ard is based on exceptional ability in the judging and handling of dairy cattle, high scholastic rank in dairy-husbandry courses, need of financial assistance, and special interest in the H olstein breed of cattle. A pplications should be received in th e Office of R esid en t In stru c tio n , R o b erts H all, Ith aca, New York, by J u n e 1.
B EA TTY AGRICU LTURAL SCHOLARSHIP
T h e Beatty A gricultural Scholarship fund, a gift of the late H arrison L. Beatty, provides a scholarship of approxim ately $200 to a student en­ tering the College of A griculture from the T ow n of Bainbridge or from Chenango County. Grades in Regents exam inations receive m ajor con­ sideration in making the award. A pplication blanks may be obtained from principals in Chenango C ounty schools and m ust be sent to the Office of R e sid e n t In stru c tio n , R o b erts H a ll, Ith aca, N ew Y ork by Ju ly 15.
THE D AIRY M ARKETING RESEARCH FUND SCHOLARSHIP
T he Dairy M arketing Research Fund has established a scholarship w ith an annual value of $400. A candidate, to be eligible for an award, must have completed the work of the ju n io r year and attained a cumu-

lative average in all of his courses of 78 or above. In a d d itio n , he m ust have passed at least one course in each of dairy industry, dairy m arket­ ing, and dairy husbandry or farm m anagem ent, except that no more than one of the nam ed courses may be included in the schedule for the senior year. C o n sid eratio n is also given to financial need, character, personality, and potential qualifications for contributing to im proved relationships and techniques in the m arketing of m ilk or the m anu­ facture of dairy products. A pplication for the scholarship should be m ade on official forms an d filed w ith all su p p o rtin g info rm ation in the Office of R e sid e n t In stru c tio n by J u n e 1.
NEW YORK STATE CANNERS AND FREEZERS ASSOCIATION, INCORPORATED, SCHOLARSHIP
A n a n n u a l scholarship of $200 is p ro v id ed by the N ew Y ork State C anners an d Freezers Association, In co rp o rated . I t is aw arded to a stu­ d en t w ho is a re sid e n t of N ew Y ork State, has tw o years of credit tow ard graduation, and gives evidence of preparing for a career in the process­ ing of fruits and vegetables. In m aking the selection, the Com m ittee on Scholarships takes into consideration scholastic record, financial need, leadership ability, and other desirable qualifications. Applications should be filed in th e Office of R e sid e n t In stru c tio n by J u n e 1.
THE H EATLEY GREEN SCHOLARSHIP T h e H eatley Green Scholarship Endow m ent was established under
the will of Mrs. G reen in mem ory of her husband, who had been a New York State farm boy and was a graduate of the College of Engi­ neering at C ornell in the class of 1901. M r. G reen had believed strongly in p ro p er tra in in g for successful farm ing, an d this scholarship is to be used to help and encourage worthy undergraduate students of m oderate m eans. T h e v alue of th e scholarship for 1954-55 is $800. A w ards are made on an annual basis and may be to one student or divided between two or m ore students of any class in the College of A griculture. A p p li­ cations m u st be filed a t th e Office of R e sid e n t In stru c tio n , R o b erts H all, Ith aca, N ew York, by J u ly 15.
VAN DALE FARM MACHINES SCHOLARSHIP An annual scholarship of $250 has been established by V an Dale
Farm M achines, Inc., W ayzata, M innesota, for the benefit of a fresh­ m an adm itted to the College of A griculture for the study of agricul­ tural engineering. T h e award shall be based on interest in farm machinery, scholastic record, and dem onstrated qualities of leadership as evidenced by participation in school and com m unity affairs. A pp li­ cations m u st be filed in th e Office of R e sid e n t In stru c tio n , R o b erts H all, Ith aca, N ew York, by J u ly 15.
W ALTER R. CLARKE MEMORIAL ENDOWMENT

Clarke, a prom inent fruit farm er who lived at M ilton, New York, pro­ vides a scholarship of $100 each year for a stu d en t of any class in the C ollege of A g ricu ltu re w ho is p rim a rily in terested in h o rtic u ltu re . Prom ise for successful w ork in this field is th e basis for an aw ard. P reference is given to stu d en ts from th e H u d so n V alley area. A p p lica ­ tions should be on file in the Office of R esident In stru ctio n, R oberts H all, Ith aca, N ew York, by Ju ly 15.
THE HUDSON H. LYON MEMORIAL SCHOLARSHIP T he endow m ent for this scholarship fund was established by the late
H. H. Lyon of Bainbridge, New York. T h e income, am ounting to a b o u t $1200 a year, is to be used to aid students w ho are p rep arin g for P rotestant C hristian m issionary service, w ith preference to those who include agriculture in their training. Applications should be filed a t th e Office of R esid en t In stru c tio n , R o b erts H all, Ith aca, N ew York.
SCHOLARSHIPS FOR NONRESIDENTS Fifteen tuition scholarships are available for nonresidents of the
State. T h e y are aw ard ed an n u ally , a n d evidence of need is re q u ired . A p p licatio n s sh o u ld be filed in th e Office of R e sid en t In stru c tio n , R o b erts H all, Ith aca, N ew York, by Ju ly 15.
OTHER SCHOLARSHIPS A description of other scholarships open u nder certain conditions to
u n d erg rad u ates in the College of A gricu ltu re is fo u n d in th e booklet Scholarships and Grants-in-Aid.
PRIZES
T H E EASTMAN PRIZES FOR PUBLIC SPEAKING
W ith the object of developing qualities of personal leadership in ru ral affairs, M r. A. R. Eastm an of W aterville, New York, established annual prizes, the first of $100 and the second of $25, for public speak­ ing on country-life subjects. T hese prizes are designated the Eastm an Prizes for P u b lic Speaking. C o m p e titio n is o p en to any re g u la r or special student in the College of A griculture. T h e contest takes place usually during Farm and Hom e Week.
T H E RICE DEBATE STAGE
T o stim ulate the study and public discussion of vital farm-life prob­ lems, the late Jam es E. Rice, Professor of Poultry H usbandry, Em eritus, established ann u al prizes, the first of $100 and the second of $25. T h e contest is in th e form of a debate. P re lim in a ry trials are h eld in D e­ cem ber, on a subject to be announced. T h e final com petition is held usually in Farm and H om e W eek. All regular or special students are eligible.

T H E PAUL H. GULDIN MEMORIAL ENDOW M ENT

T h e Paul H . G uldin M em orial Endow m ent, established by Mrs. Paul

H . G uldin as a m em orial to her husband, a graduate of the College in

1912, is to encourage u n d e rg ra d u a te stu d en ts in th e College of A gricul­

ture to become interested, and to take part, in the developm ent of a

more adequate rural leadership. T h e income supports a contest in

1954-55 ates in

for the

the best College

original articles or and published in

sto the

r iCe so,rwn erlilt t eCno

ubyn

t ur ynmd

ae

rng,

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adu­ that

contribute to the purpose of the endowm ent. T h e contest includes all

issues of the m agazine for the academ ic year. T w o first prizes of $50

each and four second prizes of $25 each are available. A w ard w ill be

m ade, n o t later th a n J u n e 1, 1955, by a co m m ittee from th e Faculty,

appointed by the Dean.

T H E RIN G MEM ORIAL PRIZES
A bequest of Mr. Charles A. Ring, of N iagara County, New York, has established prizes to be awarded to undergraduate students in agricul­ ture who, in essays giving reviews of the literatu re on problem s in floriculture, vegetable gardening, or pomology, show the greatest ability to evaluate scientific evidence. T h e prizes for 1954-55 include first, second, and third place awards of $40, $20, and $10 each. T h e contest is op en to stu d en ts w ho have tak en o r are ta k in g courses in the h o rti­ cultural departm ents. T h e essays m ust be subm itted to the Secretary of the F aculty of A g ricu ltu re by n o o n on M ay 1.

T H E CHARLES LATHROP PACK FOUNDATION FORESTRY PRIZE
T h e C harles L a th ro p Pack F o u n d a tio n Forestry Prize is in the am o u n t of $40 a n d is aw arded an n u a lly in A p ril for the best essay on forestry subm itted by a resident student who has taken some course in forestry d u rin g th e c u rre n t college year. T h e p u rp ose of the prize is to aid in training m en and women to write articles that will arouse in the public an interest in forestry and an appreciation of w hat forestry m eans to th e country. T h e aw ard is m ade by a com m ittee a p p o in te d by the President of the University. T h e detailed regulations are furnished by the D epartm ent of Conservation or by the Secretary of the College. T h e essay m u st be d eposited at the office a t th e head of the D e p a rt­ m en t of C o nservation by n o o n o n A p ril 15.

ALUM NI PRIZE
T h e A lum ni Association of the College of A griculture contributes an an nual prize of $25 to be aw arded at the close of the ju n io r year to the student who has m aintained the best scholastic record during his three years in the University, the aw ard to be made by the Faculty of the College.

ALPHA ZETA CUP
T h e A lpha Zeta fraternity has presented a prize cup to be awarded for custody for one year to the m ale student in the College of A gricul­ ture m aking the best scholastic record during the freshm an year. For students first adm itted in the second term , the average of three term s’ w ork is considered. P resen tatio n of th e cu p is m ade at the o p e n in g of the fall term.
O T H E R PRIZES
Inform ation concerning other prizes offered in the U niversity and open to com petition of students in th e College of A g ricu ltu re is given in the special booklet called Prize Competitions, which may be ob­ tained by w riting to C ornell U niversity Official Publication, E dm und Ezra Day H all, Ithaca, New York.
LOANS
T h e New York State G range has established a loan fund to aid its members in obtaining a higher education. A pplications may be made to Mr. H . M. Stanley, Skaneateles, New York.
A fu n d c o n trib u te d by students of the College is available for small, short-time, emergency loans. A pplication may be m ade to the College Secretary.
A fu n d , th e in terest o n w hich is availab le for loans to students spe­ cializing in floriculture, has been established by Mr. M ax Schling of New York City. A nother loan fund for students of floriculture, w ith principal and interest available, has been contributed by the New York Florists Club. A pplications for loans from both these funds may be m ade to the College Secretary.
Notice of other loan funds, available to students of all colleges in the U niversity, is fo u n d in th e b o o k let Scholarships and Grants-in-Aid.
H E A L T H SERVICES AND M EDICAL CARE
These services are centered in the U niversity C linic or out-patient de­ partm ent and in the Cornell Infirm ary or hospital. Students are en­ titled to unlim ited visits at the Clinic; laboratory and X-ray exam i­ nations indicated for diagnosis and treatm ent; hospitalization in the infirmary w ith medical care for a m axim um of fourteen days each term an d em ergency surgical care. T h e cost for these services is in c lu d ­ ed in the College and U niversity general fee. For fu rth er details, in ­ cluding charges for special services, see the General Information Announcement.

A dm inistration (R u ral E ducation), 90 Admission of regular students, 21;
w ith advanced standing, 23; of special students, 24 A gricultural Economics, 37 A gricultural E ducation, 88 A gricultural E ngineering, 42 A gricultural G eography, 41 A gricultural O ccupations, 15 A gricultural Policy, 41 Agronom y, 45 A nim al Breeding, 51 A nim al H usbandry, 49 Anim al N u tritio n , 52 A piculture, 69 Bacteriology, 53 Beekeeping, 69 Biochem istry, 54 Biology, 65 B iom etry, 78 B oard, 35 Botany, 56 Buildings, 98 Business M anagem ent, 38 Calendar, inside front cover C om bined courses, 30 Professional A gricultural
E ngineering, 30 Business and Public
A dm inistration, 31 School of N u tritio n , 32 V eterinary College, 32 C onservation, 59 C onservation E ducation, 85 Council Members, 3 Courses in o th e r colleges, 97 Courses open to freshm en, 29 Curriculum and Secondary E ducation, 90 D airy H usbandry, 51 Dairy Industry, 62 Degree, req u irem en ts for, 24 Degree w ith D istinction, 28 D raw ing, 64 E ducation, G eneral, 91 E ducational Psychology, 86 Em eritus Professors, 3

Entom ology a n d L im nology, 65 Entom ology, Econom ic, 67 E n tran ce requirem ents, 22 Expenses, 34 E xtension E ducation, 87 Extension Organization and
M ethods, 72 E xtension T eaching, 70 Faculty Representatives, 2 F arm A ppraisal, 42 Farm Finance, 42 F arm M anagem ent, 37 Farm s, 99 Fees, 34 Field Crops, 48 F lo ricu ltu re, 73 F lo ricu ltu re, Com m ercial, 74 Food Science a n d T echnology, 75 F'orestry, 59 F our-year course, the, 15 G enetics (P la n t Breeding), 77 Genetics and Anatomy (Poultry
H usbandry), 83 G ra d u atio n , 26 G uidance a n d Personnel, 91 H e a lth Services a n d M edical Care, 108
H erpetology, 60 Ichthyology, 60, 61, 62 In c u b a tio n a n d Em bryology, 84 Insect M orphology, 66 Insect Physiology, 70 Insect T axonom y, 67 Insect T oxicology, 70 Jo u rn alism , 71 L an d Economics, 41 L andscape Service, 75 L ibraries, 99 Lim nology, 69 Livestock P roduction, 49
Loans, 108 M am m alogy, 60 M arketing, 39 M eats, 50 M eteorology, 76 M ilitary Science, 97 M iscellaneous rules a n d assessments, 35 N a tu re Study, 85

N ursery M anagem ent, 74 N u tritio n , 54, 83 O ceanography, 62 O ral a n d W ritte n Expression, 70 O rie n ta tio n , 37 O rn a m en tal H o rtic u ltu re , 73 O rnithology, 60 Parasitology a n d M edical E ntom ology, 68 Physical T ra in in g , 97 Physiology of R ep ro d u ctio n , 51 P la n t B reeding, 78 P la n t M aterials, 73 P la n t Pathology, 79 Pom ology, 81 P oultry H usbandry, 82 Practice R e q u ire m en t, 24 Prices, 38 Prizes, 106 P u b lic A d m inistration a n d Finance, 39 R a dio-T elevision, 72

R egistratio n , 28 R e q u ire d courses, 26 R esidential H alls, 35 Room s, 35 R u ra l E ducation, 84 R u ra l Sociology, 92 Scholarships, 100 Science E ducation, 85 Soil Science, 45 Staff, 5 Statistics a n d B iom etry, 78 Supervision (R u ra l E ducation), 90 T elevision, 72 Trustees, 2 T u itio n , 33 Vegetable Crops, 95 V isual Aids, 72 W ildlife, 59 Zoology, 60