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Playing Hide-and-Seek in Beta-Globin Genes: Gene Conversion Transferring a Beneficial Mutation between Differentially Expressed Gene Duplicates

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dc.contributor.authorStrážnická, Michaela
dc.contributor.authorMarková, Silvia
dc.contributor.authorSearle, J. B.
dc.contributor.authorKotlík, Petr
dc.date.accessioned2018-11-27T19:54:36Z
dc.date.available2018-11-27T19:54:36Z
dc.date.issued2018-10-12
dc.description.abstractIncreasing evidence suggests that adaptation to diverse environments often involves selection on existing variation rather than new mutations. A previous study identified a nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 2 of two paralogous ?-globin genes of the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) in Britain in which the ancestral serine (Ser) and the derived cysteine (Cys) allele represent geographically partitioned functional variation affecting the erythrocyte antioxidative capacity. Here we studied the geographical pattern of the two-locus Ser/Cys polymorphism throughout Europe and tested for the geographic correlation between environmental variables and allele frequency, expected if the polymorphism was under spatially heterogeneous environment-related selection. Although bank vole population history clearly is important in shaping the dispersal of the oxidative stress protective Cys allele, analyses correcting for population structure suggest the Europe-wide pattern is affected by geographical variation in environmental conditions. The ?-globin phenotype is encoded by the major paralog HBB-T1 but we found evidence of bidirectional gene conversion of exon 2 with the low-expression paralog HBB-T2. Our data support the model where gene conversion reshuffling genotypes between high- and low- expressed paralogs enables tuning of erythrocyte thiol levels, which may help maintain intracellular redox balance under fluctuating environmental conditions. Therefore, our study suggests a possible role for gene conversion between differentially expressed gene duplicates as a mechanism of physiological adaptation of populations to new or changing environments.
dc.description.sponsorshipThe study was carried out with the financial support from the Czech Science Foundation (grant number 16-032485) and Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (projects KONTAKT II LH15255 and EXCELLENCE CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000460 OP RDE) and with the institutional support RVO 67985904. Part of this research was performed while P.K. was at sabbatical at Cornell, supported by the project CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/16_027/0008502, under the call 02_16_027 International Mobility of Researchers (MEYS, OP RDE).
dc.identifier.citationGenes (2018), 9(10), 492
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1813/60437
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
dc.relation.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/genes9100492
dc.subjectadaptive phylogeography
dc.subjectcysteine
dc.subjectantioxidative capacity
dc.subjectgene conversion
dc.subjectChi motif
dc.subjectenvironmental selection
dc.titlePlaying Hide-and-Seek in Beta-Globin Genes: Gene Conversion Transferring a Beneficial Mutation between Differentially Expressed Gene Duplicates
dc.typearticle
dcterms.licensehttp://hdl.handle.net/1813/58682

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