Congenital cleft secondary palate repair in a bulldog
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Cleft secondary palate is a congenital defect of the hard and soft palate that allows the oral and nasal cavities to communicate. It occurs when there is a failure of the elevation, apposition or fusion of the lateral palatine processes during fetal development. In dogs, the most critical time period for development and closure of the palate is around days 25-28 of gestation. This defect may be inherited or acquired. In mating trials, 41.7% of offspring from phenotypically cleft parents developed cleft palates. It has been shown to be a recessive or irregularly dominant polygenic trait. Brachycephalic and purebred dogs are more commonly affected. Breeds that are at high rist include Boston terriers, Pekingese, bulldogs, miniature schnauzers, beagles, cocker spaniels, and dachshunds. Abyssinian and Siamese cats are also at high risk. Nutritional factors such as hypervitaminois A, hypervitaminosis D, and folic acid deficiency have been shown to produce clefts, as well as drugs such as steroid hormones and griseofulvin. In utero trauma, toxins, and viral infections may also lead to the development of cleft palates.
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Seminar SF610.1 2006 L56