Three treatment modalities are presently recommended for feline hyperthyroidism: long-term anti-thyroid drug administration, radioacive iodine therapy (RAIT), and surgical thyroidectomy. The best course of therapy may differ with each individual cat, and selection of therapy must take into consideration several factors, including age of the patient, concurrent medical problems, economic factors on the part of the client, and availability of therapy. This paper will review the major advantages and disadvantages of the threee recommended forms of therapy. A case report will follow that illustrates a common but serious complication associated with surgical thyroidectormy.