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Permutations and the APL Grade Down Function

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The APL gradeup (gradedown) function (denoted by ↑{respectively↓}) aapplied to a vector vRn grades' the elements of $v$ in ascending (descending) order. (Among equal elements of $v$ the ranking is determined by their position). For example, if $v=(2.3,4.7,6.8,0.6,3.7,4.7)$ then $\uparrow v$ is (4,1,5,2,6,3) and $\downarrow v$ is (3,2,6,5,1,4). An immediate consequence of the versatility of this functional form is that the expression $v[\uparrow v] (v[\downarrow v])$ sorts' the elements of v in ascending (descending) order. The question of characterizing all vectors vRn such that v=v was answered in a paper by Cooper, Best and Kennedy [see Cooper, et al.(1)]. The results there are essentially determined by scrutinizing the selection property of v; that is, if v=(x1,x2,…,xn) then v can be visualized as the unique permutation PSn such that Extra open brace or missing close bracex_{P(1)},x_{P(2),\ldots,x_{P(n)x_{P(1)},x_{P(2),\ldots,x_{P(n) is a list of the elements f v in ascending order. Two straightforward consequences of this interpretation are: 1) if PSn, then P is the inverse of P and 2) the `fixed' points of the mapping are precisely the involutions of Sn. IN this note we continue this investigation for the gradedown function and also resolve the open questions posed in that paper.

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1980-06

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Cornell University

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computer science; technical report

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http://techreports.library.cornell.edu:8081/Dienst/UI/1.0/Display/cul.cs/TR80-428

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technical report

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