Multiple myeloma in a Beagle
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Sam, a 10 1/2 year old male castrated Beagle dog, presented to the Oncology service at Cornell for evaluation of a plasma cell tumor removed from the region of the 5th lumbar vertebrae. In the dog, plasma cell tumors can occur as either a solitary plasma cell tumor, or they can be representative of the systemic disease, multiple myeloma. At least 2 of the following 4 clinical criteria must exist to make a diagnosis of multiple myeloma: lytic bony lesions or osteoporosis on radiographs, a monoclonal serum gammopathy, Bence Jones proteinuria, and bone marrow plasmacytosis (defined by the presence of greater than 5% plasma cells in a bone marrow aspirate sample). Associated clinical manifestations of multiple myeloma include anemia, thrombocytopenia, and possible neutropenia. Bleeding diathesis, hyperviscosity syndrome, hypercalcemia, renal disease, heart failure, immunodeficiency, and bone disease may also occur. These consequences are referable to neoplastic immunoglobulin infiltration of the bone marrow, and potential dissemination to the internal organs, characteristic of multiple myeloma.
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Seminar SF610.1 2007 A76