eggs hatch within 48 hours. The larvae live in water and breathe at the surface through tubes. Larvae, or wrigglers, feed on organic debris and microorganisms in the water, then molt into pupae, a resting stage that remains in the water. During...
, night, and dawn. Culex mosquitoes prefer birds as hosts, but because they are frequently found in homes, they bite humans and can transmit encephalitis. These mosquitoes breed in small pools of stagnant water containing organic debris and do not move far...

publication are available in Cornell Cooperative Extension county offices or from the Pesticide Management Education Program website (http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu). No endorsement of products is intended, nor is criticism of unnamed products implied. Always...
check with the certifying agency before using a new product or material. This guide is not a substitute for pesticide labeling. Always read the product label before applying any pesticide. Copyright New York State IPM Program and Cornell University. NYS...

in rejection by the processors and, thus, a significant loss of product. PEST MONITORING European corn borer moth populations can be moni- tored by using blacklight traps, pheromone (sex attractant) traps, or by direct observations of moths in the field...
for the number and developmental stage of egg masses and/or the percentage of feeding signs. It is not practical to sample for egg masses or for borer infestations in snap beans. CONTROL Parasites, predators, and disease organisms can play a significant role...

function and productivity. Ma# Frye In addition to negative environmental impacts, kudzu is responsible for economic damage when vines must be removed from power lines, railroad tracks and roads. How does is spread? Limited dispersal of kudzu might...
stems/shoots emerge from these structures. Biology: Roots In the fall, kudzu plants allocate resources to roots, which are tuberous, starchy storage organs located in the soil below the root crown. Kudzu roots are considered differentiated...

Quarantine status: No quarantine in NYS at this time Also called: BLS Scientific name: Xylella fastidiosa Type of pest: disease List any known vectors (organisms that transmit the disease): Sharpshooter leafhoppers and (less likely) spittle bugs...
List any known vectors (organisms that transmit the disease): none How was this pest introduced to North America, US, Northeast or New York? Dogwood anthracnose was first reported in the US in 1978, although the origin of the pathogen is unknown...

as required. When powdery-mil dew-resistant (PMR) cucurbits are released, the losses from black rot may be reduced. Anthracnose Although this disease is more often a foliar and fruit-infecting problem for watermelon and muskmelon, the organism can also infect...
-60 50 50-70 50-70 60 60 50-70 60 60 60-70 50-70 8-12 weeks Varies with variety 4 weeks 4-7 weeks 13 weeks 7 weeks 8-11 weeks* 27 weeks 13 weeks *Storage for 4 months or more is possible if all production, curing, and storage recommendations...

.) Disease Cycle and Causal Organisms Phytophthora root and crown rots are caused by a group of related soilborne fungi in the genus Phytophthora. Some of these fungi are common inhabitants of agricultural soils, whereas others are introduced on contaminated...
favorable. Some rootstocks appear to be most susceptible to infection during the spring and autumn, which are also the periods of the year when soil temperatures are most favorable for zoospore production and activity. Rootstock susceptibility and fungus...

-target organisms is core to IPM, we helped advise the governor’s Pollinator Task Force in crafting a “Pollinator Protection Plan.” And our pollinator conference highlighted an IPM problem-solution approach for the 100 participants — growers, the media, consultants...
, and policy makers. FIELD CROPS: Production. Pests. Profitability: That’s the Triple P on-farm education- al program for growers. With 14 farmers and 10,750 acres, PPP is a grower driven, hands on, and locally adapted educational program where farmers learn...

of action to avoid or delay field resistance. 18) Chose effective labeled pesticides with the least environmental and beneficial organism impact (EIQ). 19) Calibrate sprayer at least once per season. 20) Keep complete records of soil tests, fertilizer...
publications: Integrated Crop and Pest Management Guidelines for Commercial Vegetable Production. A Method to Measure the Environmental Impact of Pesticides. 1992. New York Food and Life Sciences Bulletin Number 139. The above reference material can be obtained...

Association greatly assisted by sending information and the survey link to their membership. Debra E. Marvin and Karen J. English, NYS IPM Program, produced the charts and tables, and Ms. English organized the layout of the report. Other NYS IPM Program staff...
baseboard spraying and crack/crevice applications as routine practices also dropped significantly. For management of school grounds, the most common techniques in 2001 were raising mower height, aeration, overseeding, and organic fertilizers. In 2013...