Sooty blotch and fly speck are the two most common “summer diseases” of apples in the Northeast; they are also problems on pears. Although caused by two different organisms, the diseases often occur together since both are confined to the fruit...

are favorable for its development. The disease causes economic losses not only by reducing marketable yields but also by destroying the quality of processed products containing even a few infected berries. This is a particularly important consideration for pick...

, but is not generally as damaging on these crops. Successful long-term production of peaches is seldom possible if the disease is not controlled....

-causing organism, it is responsible for crop loss in a wide variety of unrelated crops. Botrytis bunch rot is especially severe in grape cultivars with tight, closely packed clusters of fruit. Botrytis is also responsible for storage losses of grapes picked...

). Infected berries that fall to the ground become pumpkin-shaped as they continue to shrivel and finally turn dark brown . Causal Organism and Disease Cycle Mummyberry disease is caused by the fungus Monilinia vacciniicorymbosi, which infects only cultivated...
is to prevent these shoot blight infections by interfering with the production of ascospores and applying appropriate fungicides when needed. Cultivation of the ground beneath infected bushes before bud break will greatly inhibit the production...

Fire blight, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is one of the most destructive diseases in apple and pear production. Fire blight can infect other members of the rose family including quince, juneberry, hawthorne, mountain...

into storage scab lesions after harvest. Disease Cycle and Causal Organism Apple scab is caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis, which also is capable of infecting crabapple , hawthorn, mountain ash, and firethorn . Different but closely related Venturia...
at prevailing temperatures (table 1), growth from the germinated spore penetrates and infects these organs just beneath the outer cuticle. Typical lesions, each bearing tens of thousands of secondary or summer spores (conidia). appear about 9 to 17 days later...

colonize and produce spores (conidia) on almost any plant debris. It overwinters in strawberry plantings on decayed foliage and fruit from the previous season . Increasing temperatures and moisture in the spring promotes fungal growth and production...
in organic debris spring wetting initiates fungus growth and sporulation con7direct infection of mature fruit are covered with fuzzy conidial masses Botrytis Fruit Rot Disease Cycle fungus infects senescing blossom parts infection spreads from calyx end...

years once it has become established, even if no strawberries are grown during that time. The organism that causes red stele of strawberry is not known to cause disease on any other crop, with the possible exception of loganberry. P. fragariae persists...
are released into the soil when the roots decay, thus completing the disease cycle. Control Since significant production and movement of infective zoospores occurs only during periods when the soil is completely saturated, the key to control is drainage...

.) Disease Cycle and Causal Organisms Phytophthora root and crown rots are caused by a group of related soilborne fungi in the genus Phytophthora. Some of these fungi are common inhabitants of agricultural soils, whereas others are introduced on contaminated...
favorable. Some rootstocks appear to be most susceptible to infection during the spring and autumn, which are also the periods of the year when soil temperatures are most favorable for zoospore production and activity. Rootstock susceptibility and fungus...