The two principal fly pests of confined livestock are house flies and stable flies. House flies, Musca domestica (fig. 1), are non biting insects that breed in animal droppings, manure piles, decaying silage, spilled feed, bedding, and other organic matter...
at each meal. Cows’ stomping of feet is a good indication that stable flies are present because they normally attack legs and bellies (fig. 4). Production performance declines in infested herds because of the painful bites the cows sustain and the animals...

—GENERAL Sheep and goats are hosts to several important arthropod pests. Failure to control these pests may result in loss of wool, reduced weight gains, reduced milk production, and even death in young lambs. An understanding of the life history and habits...
, decaying silage, spilled feed, bedding, and other moist, warm decaying organic matter. Adult house flies are about 1/4 inch long and mostly dull gray in color, with four black stripes on the thorax (Figure 4). Their mouthparts are spongelike and are used...