of cattle. Insect and mite pest activity results in lowered milk production levels and reduced feed conversion efficiency. It exposes cattle to pathogenic microorganisms and causes blood loss and hide damage. It can lead to public health–public nuisance...
concerns. Moreover, insect and mite pest pressure can add to stresses on young replacement animals, delaying their entry into production and adversely affecting lifelong production performance. As herd sizes increase on modern farms, pest pressures often...