The two principal fly pests of confined livestock are house flies and stable flies. House flies, Musca domestica (fig. 1), are non biting insects that breed in animal droppings, manure piles, decaying silage, spilled feed, bedding, and other organic matter...
at each meal. Cows’ stomping of feet is a good indication that stable flies are present because they normally attack legs and bellies (fig. 4). Production performance declines in infested herds because of the painful bites the cows sustain and the animals...