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Dairy Environmental Systems: Recent submissions
Now showing items 11-20 of 223
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Part 5: What is known about antibiotic residues in dairy manure?
(2017)Antibiotics are chemicals that kill or impede bacterial cell growth. They are important medicines used by dairy farms to treat bovine bacterial infections, prevent infections, and to a declining degree to promote growth/milk ... -
Part 4: Laboratory methods for analyzing antibiotic residues extracted from dairy manure
(2017)Methods to analyze environmental samples for pharmaceuticals have advanced significantly since approaches were first developed in the 1980s. Today, liquid chromatography integrated with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), ... -
Part 3: Laboratory methods for extracting antibiotic residues in dairy manure
(2017)Antibiotic residues must first be extracted (or separated from manure), then purified, so that they can be accurately measured. Just as there is no standard approach to sample manure for antibiotic residues, there is also ... -
Part 2: Sampling dairy manure for antibiotic detection
(2017)While well-established standards for water and wastewater examination exist, standard for manure are lacking. In lieu of standards, and given the inherent heterogeneity of dairy manures, care must be taken to insure that ... -
Part 1: Critically important antimicrobials labeled for dairy use
(2017)Most antibiotics used by modern dairy farms are also important human medicines. As antibiotic resistance can spread through the environment, development of resistance at a dairy farm has the potential to reduce efficacy ... -
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND DAIRY PRODUCTION: Frequently Asked Questions
(2017-08)While there may be the potential to improve manure management systems (i.e. composting, storage, anaerobic digestion) to adequately mitigate antibiotic residues, ARB and ARG before land application, currently the best way ... -
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND DAIRY PRODUCTION: Fact Sheet
(2016-11)Based on a 2007 study representing 79.5% of US dairy operations and 82.5% of US dairy cows; antibiotics were used therapeutically by ~85% of US dairy operations to treat cow mastitis and by over 50% to treat respiratory, ... -
3.B. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) - Measuring ARGs in dairy manure
(2018-08)In spite of these limitations, molecular data is revolutionizing the ability to study ARGs and provides an approach to monitor ARGs on farm, in the human medical clinics, and in the environment. Such surveillance will be ... -
3.A. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) - Prevalence in dairy manure
(2018-08)More than 60 different ARGs have been found in cattle manure; tetracycline resistance genes may be the most common. A USDA-ARS study that sequenced the genome (See Fact Sheet 3.B.) of 160 antibiotic resistant E. coli and ... -
2.B. Antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) - Measuring ARB in dairy manure
(2018-07)ARB are bacteria that have the ability to resist the effects of an antibiotic. They are naturally occurring, and can be found in dairy manure (See Fact Sheet 2.A.). Phenotypic [i.e. by growth patterns] or genotypic [i.e. ...
