The New York City Congestion Charge: Air Quality, Traffic, and Crime
In January 2025 New York City introduced a congestion charge policy, aimed at improvingair quality and traffic within the city. Using publicly available data from the NYC Open Data Portal this paper intends to study the PM2.5 levels in the air and the travel speed of cars on the road. In addition, using crime statistics an exploratory analysis is done on the policy’s implications on crime within the city. This paper utilizes two methods of analysis. First, a generalized synthetic control approach is implemented for air quality, traffic, and crime type data. Second, a difference-in-difference approach is used to study the impact of the policy on crime volume and location. The results show that PM2.5 particles in the air decreased by 13% and travel speeds also declined by 4% due to the policy. Results from the crime analysis show the effect of the policy on crime volume to be near zero, but also that arrests seem to be migrating elsewhere in the city. These results suggest that the congestion charge policy is working to improve air quality and also demonstrate a spatial shift in crime trends.