[From Preface] Too often, the need for job creation projects after serious conflict goes unrecognized and unmet. This paper discusses the main justifications for such projects, both short- and longer-term, and reviews some major lessons learned and best practices to guide their design and implementation. A central focus is the array of issues and challenges that must be worked out to permit a smooth transition from violent conflict and its attendant joblessness to a situation of stable, long-term employment capable of supporting a decent livelihood.