Carbon textile-reinforced geopolymer composites (CGCs) are emerging as promising construction materials. This study aims to provide insights into the interfacial bonding between carbon fabric and geopolymer by exploring the effects of fiber surface modification with zinc oxide nanorods and variations in geopolymer water content. The zinc oxide nanorods coating was applied to the carbon fibers using a combination of electrochemical and hydrothermal methods. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was performed to provide a qualitative evaluation of the fiber-matrix bonding, while high-resolution microscopy was used to investigate the geopolymer penetration into the carbon fabric. Two types of pull-out tests and flexural tests were conducted to assess the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) and mechanical properties of CGCs. It was found that composites with 14-hour treated carbon fabrics, having an IFSS of about 0.82±0.08 MPa, showed the highest flexural modulus in both 3-layer (40.27±6.07 GPa) and 6-layer (69.04±5.02 GPa) configurations. Additionally, increasing the water content in the geopolymer improved interfacial bonding, with an H2O/Na2O molar ratio of 13 yielding the highest flexural modulus (85.49±9.00 GPa) and strength (122.19±5.29 MPa) at an IFSS of 1.46±0.08 MPa for fibrous reinforced composites with 6 layers.