Dual-processed anaerobic and aerobic remineralization of fish manure for hydroponic fertilizer
Across the world agriculture is one of the leading causes of habitat degradation, biodiversity loss, water pollution, and scarcity. Aquaponics, a combination of fish and plant agriculture, is a practice that can greatly reduce nutrient leaching, land, and water use while sustainability providing fresh local food to urban areas. Standard aquaponic practices can be improved when utilizing the solid waste produced by the fish (typically a waste product) as additional plant fertilizer. To do so a bacterial remineralization tank is required to process solid waste into a plant available nutrient rich effluent. There are two kinds of remineralization tanks, aerobic and anaerobic. In this experiment a new kind of remineralization tank was created deemed as "dual-processed" in which effluent from an anerobic tank is placed inside an aerobic tank for further refinement. The objective of this project is to compare the nutrient concentrations and subsequent plant performance of anaerobic (AN), aerobic (AE), and dual- processed (DP) remineralization tank. During the 4-week remineralization period, water samples were collected from the remineralization tanks once per week. The nutrient analysis revealed that the DP fertilizer contained the highest concentrations of most nutrients. A decoupled aquaponics deep water culture (DWC) approach was used to grow the lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. 'Rex') for plant growth trials. The 3 types of remineralized products were compared to a conventional hydroponic fertilizer control. Additionally, out of all the fish waste derived treatments DP produced the lettuce with the highest height, width, volume, fresh and dry weights. However, when compared to the control the DP fell behind only matching the control sometimes on plant width, volume, and exceeding the control on root weights. Plant tissue analysis revealed that the lettuce grown with the DP treatment contained appropriate or slightly higher levels of all nutrients except for iron (Fe) and sulfur (S) which were deficient. These deficiencies were the same across all fish waste derived treatments. The results of this study indicate that a DP method of creating fish waste derived fertilizer is very close to supplying adequate nutrients for optimal lettuce growth. Further experimentation should focus on increasing Fe and S availability.