This case report describes a ten year old castrated male Dachshund that was diagnosed with precursor directed immune mediated anemia. The Cornell University Hospital for Animals Internal Medicine Service diagnosed a non-regenerative anemia in this patient with concurrent hyperglobulinemia and proteinuria. Diagnostic imaging revealed no significant abnormalities and a serum protein gel electrophoresis showed a polyclonal gammopathy. A bone marrow aspirate narrowed down the list of differential diagnoses to either precursor directed immune mediated anemia (PIMA) or hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma (HHS). PIMA is an autoimmune disease similar to immune mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) while HHS is a very aggressive type of neoplasia. The patient was started on immunosuppressive drugs and his anemia slowly resolved over the course of four months.