Congenital hydrocephalus in a three-year old Bichon Frise
A three-year-old Bichon Frise presented for progressive neurologic abnormalities. Diagnostic evaluation included physical examination, neurologic evaluation, blood work, and MRI. Blood work results indicated inflammation, and MRI revealed images consistent with severe internal hydrocephalus and external hydrocephalus with hemorrhage in the subarachnoid space. A sample of the meninges showed evidence of hemorrhagic meningitis, and culture of the extra-axial fluid revealed Clostridium. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed to divert the extra fluid from the skull into the abdominal cavity and reduce intracranial pressure. The patient showed remarkable improvement, and he remained clinically well two months post-operatively.