FLX PFAS Project: Targeted water sampling to identify sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the Finger Lakes.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of commercial and industrial chemicals that are found ubiquitously in water resources around the world. The FLX PFAS Project was established in 2023 with goals of collecting water samples from around the Finger Lakes and quantifying the occurrence of PFASs, and integrating the resulting PFAS concentration data into a web-based ArcGIS project to communicate our findings to the public. We made significant progress on these objectives and have collected over 400 samples from over 300 sites in the Finger Lakes region. We have learned that PFAS transport in surface waters is limited by hydraulic connectivity and dilution. The consequence of this is that we have identified a number of PFAS hotspots in the Finger Lakes regions, but the influence of these hotspots rarely extends beyond 1 km from the primary source. We have also identified temporal signatures at specific sources that likely reflect PFAS inputs due to activities such as fire training exercises. These temporal signatures can lead to very high PFAS concentrations at a single site that then dissipate over months. Finally, we have studied co-occurrence patterns among the 24 PFASs that we routinely measure and have identified patterns that can be linked to specific uses and sources. All of these (and other) insights are informed by our sampling campaign that uniquely features high spatial and temporal resolution along with relatively comprehensive PFAS coverage.