Problem: Scoliosis is a spinal deformity characterized by abnormal lateral curvature that may, in some instances, progress with the child during periods of growth. In order to halt further progression of abnormal curvatures, early intervention is required. Inadequate treatment in early stages may increase morbidity and mortality in affected patients, and may require extensive invasive treatments in the future. While several governing bodies recommend the screening of children and adolescents, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) currently recommends against screening due to a lack of evidence supporting the practice. In order to receive a positive recommendation from the USPSTF, a screening program must be deemed both effective and economical. Methods: A literature review was conducted via the PubMed database through the Weill Cornell Medical Library Online to review screening practices for scoliosis. Results: A total of 43 articles were found; 20 articles were used for the literature review. Conclusions: Limited data exists to compare clinical outcomes of subjects screened for scoliosis versus non-screened. Data is even scarcer with regard to long-term follow up of subjects past adolescence. Because spinal malformations progress past adolescence in 68% of cases and at any given time over one-quarter of Americans have experienced low back pain in the past three months, it is important to provide the USPSTF adequate data to make an accurate recommendation regarding screening for scoliosis.