Unexpected Cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) occurred in a 3-month old female Pug during anesthesia for a surgical enucleation. CPA can be related to anesthetic and non-anesthetic associated causes. Immediate recognition of an arrest situation is imperative, so therapy can be instituted immediately to ensure optimal outcomes. Therefore, knowing risk factors associated with disease and anesthetic procedures increases awareness of a possible arrest event. Anesthetic related risk can be categorized using the ASA Physical Status Classification System, while medical knowledge of underlying disease can assist in evaluating the possibility of a CPA. Treating a CPA is a multi-factorial process and guidelines for treatment are dynamic and often controversial. CPA therapy includes elements of basic life support, such as Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation (CPCR), and Advanced life support, such as fluids and medications. In addition, treatment of arrest-associated cardiac arrhythmias and underlying disease are included in this discussion. Finally, post-arrest complications and care will be addressed.