The essay appraises and analyzes in a critical way the organizational efforts of the Bolivarian government in Venezuela to achieve a democratization of property and management of means of production and finally orientate production towards a socialist model. Since 2002 different approaches have been put into practice, starting with a strengthening of cooperatives and comanagement, experimenting the creation of Social production companies [EPS], and finally the creation of Socialist Enterprises as well as the construction of a communal economy. Regarding the internal organization of production sites models of comanagement, self-management, and workers control are presented and then critically analyzed concerning successes and failures. The work presented is based on the investigation, the field work in three Venezuelan factories and all in all more than 50 interviews with workers, researchers and institutionally representatives between 2006 and 2009 for a PhD in political sciences about „participation in Venezuela“ at the Goethe-University of Frankfurt and a PhD in sociology at the BUAP in Puebla/Mexico.