Domesticating Metaphors: The Use(s) of Honeybees in Times of Extinction
The thesis articulates the imbrication of rhetorical discourse, modern entomology, and the ‘broken world thinking’ in the wake of endangered pollinators’ species. While bee culture occupies the threshold between feral life and domestication, thus interjecting culturally specific concerns about kinship, race, and nationality, (Anna Tsing 1995), modern apiculture is confronted with an unprecedented decline of honeybees. I explore how these challenges bring together entomological ethology and cybernetics nurtured by high-tech reparative fantasies against apocalyptic scenarios. The dissertation dives into scientific publications and popular culture on honeybees, unearthing some of the pivotal ontological and epistemological tenets of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. I begin with Nobel Prize-winning ethologist Karl von Frisch (1886-1982) and the shock waves his thesis on ‘bee language’ has sent through the scientific community. Touching upon critical theory, (Sara Ahmed, Sianne Ngai, Kathi Weeks,) and media technology (Gilbert Simondon, Jussi Parikka), I delve into the ‘speaking animal’ narrative, offering new entry points to resituate the overarching (mis)understanding of ‘language’ and ‘technology.’ In the same vein, the second part takes Thomas D. Seeley’s Honeybee Democracy (2010) as the axis to explore the political underpinnings nested in contemporary bee ethology. Since Seeley’s research develops von Frisch’s legacy, the first and the second part share similar neurobiological assessments and rhetorical figures, providing the critical tools necessary to unpack the latent legitimation loop between political theory and natural science. The third and final chapter examined the conjecture of a global bee extinction. It explored literature and narratives that toy with a world without pollinators. I demonstrate that the speculation is fueled by the misconception of pollination as the “task” of bees, impinging instrumentally on the relationship between humans and more-than-humans.