Hydraulic Urethral Occluder Placement in a 9-month-old Intact Female Golden Retriever
A nine-month-old intact female Golden Retriever presented in November 2015 for an ovariohysterectomy and placement of a urethral hydraulic occluder (UHO). The patient originally presented in April of 2015, during which time it was noted that she had been incontinent since birth. Despite being house trained and only posturing to urinate while outside, she would leak urine inside, especially after transitioning from sitting to standing. Cystoscopy showed bilateral ectopic ureters, which were surgically corrected using laser ablation in April and August 2015 but did not resolve the incontinence. Subsequently, the patient was placed on 50mg of phenylpropanolamine twice a day, which resulted in mild improvement. In addition to her incontinence, the patient intermittently presented for pollakiuria and foul smelling urine. Cultured urine contained E. coli. These infections resolved with either amoxicillin or amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid. The patient’s first heat was in October 2015 during which her incontinence improved slightly, but she also started to drink and urinate more than usual. Afterward her incontinence regressed to its prior status but her urine began to smell worse. At presentation the patient was bright, alert, and excited. She had an ideal body condition score (4/9). The only significant abnormalities noted on physical examination were wet and urine stained hind legs and perineum, and urine pooling upon transitioning from sitting to standing and vice versa. Thus her problem list entailed urinary incontinence and a likely secondary urinary tract infection. Urethral sphincter mechanism incontinence is the non-neurogenic micturition disorder in which the urethral pressure is lesser than bladder pressure, allowing urine to leak. Surgical management was elected, which will be the focus of this presentation. The patient was spayed, followed by the placement of a UHO. The bladder was distended and a leak in the urethra was detected. Due to the probable presence of a urinary tract infection and urine contamination of the abdomen, UHO placement was aborted. A colposuspension procedure was instead performed as an attempt to minimize urethral urinary leakage and hopefully resolve the incontinence. The patient recovered uneventfully, but her incontinence continued.