Cross-Cultural Engagement and the Biblical Representation of Israel's Identity at Abel and Dan
This work argues that pairing the representations of biblical Abel and Dan in 2 Samuel 20 and 1 Kings 12 with the associated Iron Age remains at Abil el-Qameḥ and Tel el-Qadi’s “cult spaces” reveals that this area of the southern Levant held a culturally fluid population that the biblical texts ignored in favor of a polemic concerning Israel’s redefinition outside a united Davidic dynasty. Scholarship on Abil el-Qameḥ and particularly Tel el-Qadi has often centered the efforts to identify discrete people groups in the material culture in an effort to contextualize biblical Abel and Dan, which reduces the cultural complexity present at both sites. In this work, I advocate for scholars researching this region of the ancient world to acknowledge the biblical authors’ strategic construction of Israel’s identity formation where Abel and Dan are concerned rather than assume that their construction is a historical description of the lived experiences in Iron Age Levant. Furthermore, when it comes to sites such as Abil el-Qameḥ and Tel el-Qadi, I argue that multicultural perspectives should take center stage in the discussion of identity in this region over reconstructing biblical political dynamics via ethnic identification. I posit that such a course will be more productive in understanding the transition from physical lived experiences into textual memory, and in discussing cultural identity within the heritage of the southern Levant.