NaxCoO2 Thin Films via Molecular Beam Epitaxy and Topotactic Transformations
Renewable energy sources such as solar and wind are critical to combatting global warming. However, their intermittent energy generation requires the development of large-scale grid energy storage, in contrast to the on-demand generation of coal-based powerplants. Sodium-ion batteries offer a promising potential technology due to their similarity to the more mature lithium-ion battery chemistry and the higher abundance and lower sodium cost compared to lithium. Because sodium ions are larger than lithium ions, sodium-ion intercalation results in more drastic structural rearrangements. Of crucial importance to the development of sodium-ion batteries is an improved understanding of structural dynamics and ionic diffusion pathways. This research aims to improve the state of this understanding by tuning an existing thin-film model system to incorporate c-axis growth to form inclined NaxCoO2 epitaxial thin films that can be used for future interface studies, and ionic transport imaging.