Cystic calculi are a common problem of tortoises. Formation of cystic calculi is possible in any reptile species with a urinary bladder. The purpose of this seminar is to summarize diagnosis and treatment of cystic calculi in a Sulcata tortoise (Geochelone sulcata) and generalize this to diagnosis and treatment in other reptile species. This seminar also reviews causes of cystic calculi in tortoises and other reptiles and focuses on prevention of cystic calculi formation.