This article contends that Darul Islam is not so much a movement as a backward-looking community whose members regard themselves as citizens of the Islamic State of Indonesia, a nation continuous with the state proclaimed by Kartosoewirjo, the leader of an Islamic rebellion, in 1949. The concept of the Islamic State survived underground during Suharto’s New Order regime, during which Darul Islam underwent a revival under the auspices of Suharto’s intelligence czar, Ali Moertopo. This revival indirectly led to the emergence of the Southeast Asian terrorist group Jemaah Islamiyah.