Discussion of the problems in identifying archaeological material of the Babylonian period in Israel. Suggests that Tell en-Nasbeh, biblical Mizpah, the Babylonian capital of Judah after the destruction of Jerusalem in 586 BCE, provides significant remains of this period. Describes the architectural remains of Stratum 2, artifacts of Mesopotamian origin found at the site and the ceramic remains that date this stratum to the 6th-5th c.