Economics of Disability Research Report #3: Estimates of Median Household Size-Adjusted Income for Persons with Disabilities in the United States by State, 1980 through 1998 Andrew J. Houtenville, Ph.D. Rehabilitation Research and Training Center School of Industrial and Labor Relations Cornell University This research is funded by the United States Department of Education, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, cooperative agreement No. 13313980038. It does not necessarily reflect the view of the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research. The author thanks Richard V. Burkhauser for his helpful comments. ABSTRACT This report uses data from the March Current Population Survey to estimate median household size-adjusted income for persons with and without a disability in the non-institutionalized working-age (aged 25 through 61) civilian population in the United States, and for each state and the District of Columbia for the years 1980 through 1998. The median household size-adjusted income of persons with a disability relative to those of persons without a disability varies greatly across states. Since 1980, however, the growth in the median household size-adjusted income of those with a disability has fallen below that of the rest of the working population overall and in the vast majority of states. INTRODUCTION This report estimates and compares the median household size-adjusted income of the non-institutionalized working age (aged 25 through 61) civilian populations with and without a disability for income years 1980 through 1998, using the March Supplement of the Current Population Survey (CPS).*1 Brief summaries of state rankings and changes over time are provided. The Appendix discusses the statistical precision of all estimates. This is the third in a series of reports that explores the economic status of people with a disability. Estimates of the populations with and without a disability are reported in "Economics of Disability Research Report (EDRR) #1: Estimates of the Prevalence of Disability in the United States, by State, 1981 through 1999". Estimates of the employment rates for men and women with and without a disability are reported in "EDRR #2: Estimates of Employment Rates for Persons with a Disability in the United States, by State, 1980 through 1998." DATA SOURCE AND DEFINITIONS The CPS is a monthly survey of the non-institutionalized population of the United States, conducted by the Bureau of the Census on behalf of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Information is collected from approximately 50,000 households (about 150,000 individuals) on labor force characteristics (e.g., employment, earnings, hours of work). One person in the household answers questions for all household members.*2 In March of each year, the CPS basic monthly survey is supplemented with the Annual Demographic Survey, also known as the March Supplement or the March Income Supplement. This supplement focuses on sources of income, government program participation, previous employment, insurance, and a variety of demographic characteristics. In 1981, the March Supplement was expanded to include several questions about disability and income derived from disability programs and insurance. The CPS and the March Supplement are used extensively by government agencies, academic researchers, policy makers, journalists, and the general public to evaluate government programs, economic well-being and behavior of individuals, families and households.*3 A major advantage of using the CPS to track the population with a disability is its large sample size. Because the CPS samples approximately 150,000 individuals, it is possible to track this population at both the national and state level.*4 The March CPS also provides a relatively consistent set of questions on disability from year to year. However, other aspects of the survey have changed. In 1994 the CPS moved to fully computer-assisted survey interviews, and sample weights based on the 1980 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1990 Census.*5 The Monthly Basic Survey was also revised and three new disability questions were added. It is possible that these changes affected the relative measurement of the population with a disability over time. In this report, disability is defined using a single question in the March CPS. Persons with a disability are defined as those who report having (or are reported by the household's respondent as having) "a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do."*6 This definition puts disability in the social context of work. This simple definition of disability is not directly affected by program participation. This measure of disability is commonly used in the economics literature (see Bound and Burkhauser, 1999). Most recently, Burkhauser, Daly and Houtenville (2000) use this definition to estimate the employment and economic well-being of the non-institutionalized working-age civilian population with a disability. The work limitation concept of disability can also be found in many national surveys (e.g., National Health Interview Survey, Survey of Income and Program Participation, Panel Study of Income Dynamics) that have been used to measure the working-age population with a disability. Using this work limitations measure of disability, EDRR #1 shows that the non- institutionalized working age civilian population with a disability ranged from a low of 7.2 percent in survey year 1988 to a high of 8.4 percent in survey year 1994. EDRR #1 compares this measure of disability to an alternative measure of disability, which is based on work limitations and participation in disability related public programs. Similar disability prevalence trends were found using these two measures. The CPS March Supplement asks about income in the previous calendar year. In this report, income is the sum of all income from wages, salaries, self- employment, farming, interest, dividends, rent, private transfers, as well as income payments from Social Security, Unemployment Insurance and Workers' Compensation systems, and state and federal public assistance programs.*7,*8 Household income is the sum of all income received by individuals in the household. Since a given amount of income provides a higher standard of living for a single-person household than it does for individuals living in a larger household, household income is divided by the square root of household size.*9 Since income is compared across years, all income values are inflation adjusted using the CPI-UXI index and are in 1998 dollars. See Burkhauser, Daly and Houtenville (2000) for an example of previous work using this definition of income. Finally, the CPS places upper limits on income values (top-coding), the value of which changed several times over the period covered in this report. Medians rather than means are used to eliminate the influence of top-coding. RESULTS EDRR #2 explores annual employment rates of non-institutionalized working age civilian men and women with and without a disability.*10 For men, the employment rate ranged from a low of 34.4 percent in 1998 to a high of 44.8 percent in 1981. For women, employment rates ranged from a low of 28.1 percent in 1981 to a high of 37.5 percent in 1989. In the 1980s, the employment rates of men and women with and without a disability were pro-cyclical, rising in years of economic growth and falling in years of economic contraction. In the 1990s however while the employment rates of men and women without a disability continued to be pro-cyclical, the employment rates of men and women with a disability dropped continually from their 1989 business cycle peak levels despite substantial economic growth in the 1990s. Changes in median household size-adjusted income must be considered in the context of the business cycle. Table 1 provides the estimated median household size-adjusted incomes of men and women with and without a disability in the United States non-institutionalized civilian population aged 25 through 61 for income years 1980 through 1998. As can be seen in the first row of Table 1, the median household size-adjusted income for men without a disability was pro- cyclical, falling in the recession years of the early 1980s and 1990s and rising during the growth years of the late 1980s and 1990s. By 1998 the median household size-adjusted income of men without a disability ($33,529) exceeded its 1989 business cycle peak level ($31,944). As can be seen in the second row, median household size-adjusted income for men with a disability has a similar pro-cyclical pattern, dropping to $13,948 in the business cycle trough year of 1982 and then rising to $16,565 by business cycle peak year 1989. Median household size-adjusted income of men with a disability then dropped again as the economy went into recession in the early 1990s, and has risen slowly since 1993. However, this growth has been so slow in the 1990s that by 1998 median household size-adjusted income of men with a disability ($15,832) had not still returned to its 1989 business cycle peak level ($16,565). As can be seen in row 3 of Table 1, the median household size-adjusted income for women without a disability was also pro-cyclical over the 1980s and 1990s. By 1998, their median household size-adjusted income, like their male counterparts, exceeded their previous 1989 business cycle peak. Women with a disability (row 4) experienced income trends similar to men with a disability, while their income increased over the growth years of the 1990s, their median household-size adjusted income in 1998 was still below their 1990 peak. Row 5 of Table 1 also provides information on the median household size-adjusted income of men with a disability relative to the median household size-adjusted income of men without a disability over the same period. Row 6 of Table 1 does the same for women. In all years, the median household size-adjusted income of men and women with a disability are lower than that of their counterparts without a disability, so the ratio of their median household size-adjusted incomes are consistently below 100 percent.*11 The median household size- adjusted income of men with a disability relative to men without a disability ranged from a high of 53.7 percent in 1987 to a low of 47.2 in 1998. The median household size-adjusted income of women with a disability relative to women without a disability ranged from a high of 53.9 percent in 1982 to a low of 46.6 in 1998. The ratio has trended downward since the business cycle peak year of 1989, falling from 51.9 percent to 47.2 percent for men with a disability and from 51.2 percent to 46.6 percent for women with a disability. To further highlight changing income patterns, Table 2 compares the 1980s and 1990s for men and women with and without a disability. Annual median household size-adjusted incomes are averaged over the periods, 1980-1989 and 1990-1998.*12 The average annual median household size-adjusted income of men without a disability rose slightly from $29,567 during the 1980s (1980-1989) to $31,068 during the 1990s (1990-1998). In contrast, the annual median household size- adjusted income of men with a disability rose from $15,080 during the 1980s to $15,275 during the 1990s. This difference is reflected in the relative average annual median household size-adjusted income of men with a disability in the two periods. The relative average median household size-adjusted income of men is 51.0 percent for 1980-1989 and 49.2 percent for 1990-1998. As can be seen in the last column of Table 2, the relative average annual median household size- adjusted income of men with a disability fell by 3.7 percent between the two periods. The income pattern for women with a disability is similar. The relative average annual median household size-adjusted income of women with a disability fell by 4.1 percent over the two periods. Table 3a provides median household size-adjusted income averages for men with and without a disability over the period 1980 through 1998 for the United States and for each state and the District of Columbia. Column 1 contains the absolute average annual median household size-adjusted income of men without a disability. Column 2 does so for men with a disability. Table 3a shows the relative average annual median household size-adjusted incomes of men with a disability (column 3). States are ranked according to the relative average annual median household size-adjusted income of men with a disability (column 4). Table 3b contains the same results for women. As can be seen in column 3 of Table 3a, Utah had the highest relative average annual median household size-adjusted income of men with a disability (70.7 percent). The District of Columbia had the lowest (37.5 percent). As can be seen in column 3 of Table 3b, North Dakota had the highest relative average annual median household size-adjusted income of women with a disability (76.1 percent). The District of Columbia again had the lowest (39.3 percent). Table 4a compares changes in relative median household size-adjusted income men with and without a disability for the periods 1980-1989 and 1990-1998. Table 4b does so for women. States are ranked according to the percentage change in the relative average median household size-adjusted income of those with a disability between the periods 1980-1989 and 1990-1998. A positive percentage change in relative income signifies a closing of the income gap between those with and without a disability. Conversely, a negative percentage change in relative income signifies a widening of the income gap between men with and without a disability. As can be seen in Table 4a, there was wide variation in outcomes, ranging from a rise of 14.8 percent in Montana to a fall of 37.7 percent in Kentucky. As can be seen in Table 4b, the percentage change in relative average annual median household size-adjusted income of women with a disability ranged from a rise of 21.1 percent in Mississippi to a fall of 37.7 percent in Rhodes Island. CONCLUSION This report uses data from the Current Population Survey to estimate and compare the median household size-adjusted incomes of those with and without a disability over the 1980s and 1990s for the United States and for each state and the District of Columbia. In the 1980s the median household size-adjusted incomes of men and women with and without a disability were pro-cyclical, rising in years of economic growth and falling in years of economic contraction. In the 1990s, while the median household size-adjusted incomes of men and women with a disability continued to be pro-cyclical, by 1998 they still failed to reach their 1989 business cycle peak levels despite substantial economic growth. In 1998, the median household size-adjusted income of those with a disability relative to the median household size-adjusted incomes of those without a disability was at its lowest level in two decades. The relative median household size-adjusted incomes of those without a disability varied greatly across states, and in most states this ratio fell in the1990s. APPENDIX The CPS sample design allows researchers to estimate statistically precise annual median incomes at the national level and for many states. Although persons with a disability make up only about 8 percent of the non- institutionalized working-age civilian population in the United States, the number of CPS participants is sufficient to obtain statistically precise estimates of median income for persons with a disability at the national level and for many states. The consistency of the CPS survey instrument over time allows estimated median incomes to be averaged over consecutive years, which boosts the statistical precision for those states with small sample sizes. In Tables 2, 3a, 3b, 4a and 4b, years are averaged to assure greater statistical precision. Caution must be used when using the estimated median incomes in Appendix Tables 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d. The annual sample size of some states is extremely low. Appendix Tables 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d contain standard errors for the estimated median incomes in Appendix Tables 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d, respectively. Some of the standard errors in these tables are quite large relative to the estimated annual median incomes, which means that these estimated annual median incomes are poor approximations of the true annual median incomes. (Appendix Tables 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4b contain the size of the sample used to estimate the standard errors for the estimated annual median incomes in Appendix Tables 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d, respectively.) Averaging estimated annual median incomes over several consecutive years, as is done in Tables 2, 3a, 3b, 4a and 4b in the text, increases the statistical precision of estimated median incomes. However, the design of the CPS causes a problem. In the March CPS of any given year, approximately half of the households were surveyed the previous March, while the remaining households are eligible to be surveyed the following March. Following Census Bureau guidelines, the formula for the estimated standard error for the average of estimated annual median incomes for 1990 and 1989 is one-half multiplied by the square root of the following: the standard error of the percentage in 1990 squared plus the standard error of the percentage in 1989 minus the following product 2 multiplied by the correlation coefficient of 1990 and 1989 multiplied by the standard error of the percentage in 1990 multiplied by the standard error of the percentage in 1989. The estimated standard errors can be obtained by multiplying the estimated coefficient of variation by the estimated percentage and then dividing by 100. The general formula for averaging over more than consecutive years is the reciprocal of the number of years multiplied by the square root of the following: the summation of the squared standard error of the percentage of each year plus the summation over all the consecutive year pairs of the following product: the correlation coefficient of a pair of consecutive multiplied by the standard error of the first year multiplied by the standard error of the second year. Appendix Tables 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d contain standard errors for the estimated annual median incomes in Appendix Tables 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d, respectively. Appendix Table 5 contains estimated correlation coefficients for the United States, which can be used to approximate this value for a given state. ENDNOTES 1. "Economics of Disability Research Report (EDRR) #1: Estimates of the Prevalence of Disability covers the period 1981 through 1999," referred to as survey years. "EDRR #2: Estimates of Employment Rates for Persons with a disability covers the period 1980 through 1998," referred to as employment years. "EDRR #3: Estimates of Median Household Size-Adjusted Income for Persons with a disability covers the period 1980 through 1998," referred to as income years. These differences occur because employment and income in the March Current Population Survey are reported for the previous calendar year, while disability is reported at the time of the survey. All three papers are based on the March Current Population Survey, 1981 through 1999. 2. Only one person in the household answers questions for all household members. 3. For more a fuller discussion of the CPS, see U.S. Bureau of the Census (1998) or http://www.bls.census.gov/cps/. 4. See LaPlante (1993) for a fuller discussion of the statistical accuracy of CPS estimates of state populations with a disability in comparison to estimates from the Decennial Census and the National Health Interview Survey. 5. Ryscavage (1995) found that these changes influenced the estimation income inequality in the United States. 6. Inclusion in the population with a disability is based on the following questions: "(62A) Does anyone in this household have a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do? (62B) If yes to 62A., who is that? (Anyone else?)" These questions are from the 1981 survey. Note that a single household member answers the survey for all household members. The Census Bureau recodes the survey to the individual level, so researchers can generate statistics for individuals. The use of self-reports of disability is controversial. Self-perception of a disability as captured by this measure can be influenced by social context (i.e., barriers and accommodations). For instance, reports of a work limitation may change over time even holding the underlying health condition constant because access to accommodation may change one's perception of a disability over time. See Kirchner (1996) for a fuller discussion of this issue and the uses of the CPS to analyze "access-oriented" policies. 7. Burkhauser, Daly and Houtenville (2000) use the March CPS and analyze the components of income for people with and without a disability. 8. The CPS data do not provide net-of-tax income information or, prior to 1988, the value of non-cash or in-kind benefits or the imputed income from owner- occupied housing. All negative sources of income are converted to zero. 9. Using the square root of household size assumes that the reduction in the standard-of-living due to an additional household member diminishes with each additional household member. See Burkhauser, Smeeding and Merz (1996) for a discussion of the uses of alternative adjustments for household size in comparisons of economic well-being. 10. People are considered employed if they worked at least 52 hours annually in the previous calendar year. 11. The values in rows 5 and 6 of Table 1 values are defined as the median household size-adjusted income of those with a disability divided by the median household size-adjusted income of those without a disability multiplied by 100. The higher the values the closer the median household size-adjusted incomes of persons with a disability are to persons without a disability. For example, a relative median household size-adjusted income of 50 percent means that those with a disability have one-half the median household size-adjusted income of those without a disability. 12. These time periods roughly equate the 1980s and 1990s business cycles. The peak years of the 1980s business cycle were 1979 and 1989. The peak of the 1990s business cycle has not yet occurred. The CPS question used to identify the population with a disability did not exist prior to the March 1981 survey, thus it is not possible to calculate median incomes for 1979. REFERENCES Bound, John, and Richard V. Burkhauser. 1999. "Economic Analysis of Transfer Programs Targeted on People with a disability." In Orley C. Ashenfelter and David Card (eds.), Handbook of Labor Economics. Volume 3C. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, pp. 3417-3528. Burkhauser, Richard V., Mary C. Daly, and Andrew J. Houtenville. 2000. "How Working-age People with a disability Fared Over the 1990s Business Cycle." Ithaca, NY: Research and Rehabilitation Training Center for Economic Research on Employment Policy for Persons with Disabilities, Cornell University. Burkhauser, Richard V., Timothy M. Smeeding, and Joachim Merz. 1996. "Relative Inequality and Poverty in Germany and the United States Using Alternative Equivalency Scales." The Review of Income and Wealth 42(4): 381-400. Houtenville, Andrew. 2000. "Economics of Disability Research Report #1: Estimates of the Prevalence of Disability in the United States by State, 1981 through 1999." Ithaca, NY: Research and Rehabilitation Training Center for Economic Research on Employment Policy for Persons with Disabilities, Cornell University. Houtenville, Andrew. 2000. "Economics of Disability Research Report #2: Estimates of Employment Rates for Persons with a disability in the United States by State, 1980 through 1998." Ithaca, NY: Research and Rehabilitation Training Center for Economic Research on Employment Policy for Persons with a disability, Cornell University. Kirchner, Corinne. 1996. "Looking Under the Street Lamp," Journal of Disability Policy Studies 7(1): 78-90. U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1998. Current Population Survey, March 1998. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce. Table 1. Median Household Size-Adjusted Income and Relative Household Size- Adjusted Income of Non-Institutionalized Civilians Aged 25 Through 61 for the United States, by Gender and Disability Status, Income Years 1980 through 1998*a,*b Group Men without a Disability*a Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Income Year 1980: 28,508 1981: 27,945 1982: 27,399 1983: 27,949 1984*c: 28,943 1985: 29,470 1986: 30,501 1987: 31,188 1988: 31,819 1989: 31,944 1990: 30,970 1991: 30,474 1992: 30,295 1993*c: 30,098 1994: 30,590 1995: 30,678 1996: 31,189 1997: 31,791 1998: 33,529 Group Men with a Disability*a Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Income Year 1980: 14,377 1981: 14,773 1982: 13,948 1983: 14,174 1984*c: 14,504 1985: 14,831 1986: 14,993 1987: 16,750 1988: 15,883 1989: 16,565 1990: 15,551 1991: 15,905 1992: 15,639 1993*c: 14,490 1994: 14,605 1995: 15,218 1996: 14,755 1997: 15,476 1998: 15,832 Group Women without a Disability*a Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Income Year 1980: 25,350 1981: 24,858 1982: 24,486 1983: 25,031 1984*c: 25,894 1985: 26,512 1986: 27,245 1987: 28,457 1988: 28,654 1989: 28,870 1990: 28,137 1991: 27,939 1992: 27,908 1993*c: 27,575 1994: 28,068 1995: 28,243 1996: 28,765 1997: 29,619 1998: 30,413 Group Women with a Disability*a Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Income Year 1980: 13,527 1981: 13,307 1982: 13,200 1983: 12,658 1984*c: 13,310 1985: 13,356 1986: 12,970 1987: 14,180 1988: 14,188 1989: 14,789 1990: 14,835 1991: 13,975 1992: 13,437 1993*c: 13,061 1994: 14,209 1995: 14,398 1996: 13,458 1997: 14,218 1998: 14,173 Gender Men Relative Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*d Income Year 1980: 50.4 1981: 52.9 1982: 50.9 1983: 50.7 1984*c: 50.1 1985: 50.3 1986: 49.2 1987: 53.7 1988: 49.9 1989: 51.9 1990: 50.2 1991: 52.2 1992: 51.6 1993*c: 48.1 1994: 47.7 1995: 49.6 1996: 47.3 1997: 48.7 1998: 47.2 Gender Women Relative Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*d Income Year 1980: 53.4 1981: 53.5 1982: 53.9 1983: 50.6 1984*c: 51.4 1985: 50.4 1986: 47.6 1987: 49.8 1988: 49.5 1989: 51.2 1990: 52.7 1991: 50.0 1992: 48.1 1993*c: 47.4 1994: 50.6 1995: 51.0 1996: 46.8 1997: 48.0 1998: 46.6 Source: Author's calculations using the March Current Population Survey, 1981 through 1999. a. Persons with a disability are defined as those who report having (or are reported by the household's respondent as having), at the time of the survey, "a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do." b. The unit of the analysis is the individual not the household. Individuals are assumed to receive an equal share of their household's size-adjusted income. Size-adjusted income is household income by dividing income by the square root of household size. The CPS collect income for the year prior to the survey, the "income year". Income is before taxes but after public cash transfers. Negative sources of income are converted to zero. All dollar amounts are in 1998 dollars. c. In April of survey year 1984, sample weights based on the 1970 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1980 Census and the sample design was changed to increase the accuracy of state estimates. In survey year 1994, there were several changes in the CPS. It moved fully to computer-assisted survey interviews. Sample weights based on the 1980 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1990 Census. The Monthly Basic Survey was revised, and three new disability questions were added. It is possible that these changes affected the measurement of the population with a disability either through changes in the sample weights or in the way respondents answered disability questions. d. The relative median household size-adjusted income is defined as the median household size-adjusted income of those with a disability as a percentage of the median household size-adjusted income of those without a disability. Table 2. Median Household Size-Adjusted Income and Relative Household Size- Adjusted Income of Non-Institutionalized Civilians Aged 25 through 61 for the United States over the 1980s and 1990s and Percentage Changes, by Gender and Disability Status*a Gender Men Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,567 With a Disability: 15,080 Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*d 51.0 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 31,068 With a Disability: 15,275 Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*d 49.2 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998*c,*d (percentages) -3.7 Gender Women Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,536 With a Disability: 13,548 Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*d 51.1 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,518 With a Disability: 13,974 Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*d 49.0 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998*c,*d (percentages) -4.1 Source: Author's calculations using the March Current Population Survey, 1981 through 1999. a. Persons with a disability are defined as those who report having (or are reported by the household's respondent as having), at the time of the survey, "a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do." b. The unit of the analysis is the individual not the household. Individuals are assumed to receive an equal share of their household's size-adjusted income. Size-adjusted income is household income by dividing income by the square root of household size. The CPS collect income for the year prior to the survey, the "income year". Income is before taxes but after public cash transfers. Negative sources of income are converted to zero. All dollar amounts are in 1998 dollars. c. In April of survey year 1984, sample weights based on the 1970 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1980 Census and the sample design was changed to increase the accuracy of state estimates. In survey year 1994, there were several changes in the CPS. It moved fully to computer-assisted survey interviews. Sample weights based on the 1980 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1990 Census. The Monthly Basic Survey was revised, and three new disability questions were added. It is possible that these changes affected the measurement of the population with a disability either through changes in the sample weights or in the way respondents answered disability questions. d. The relative median household size-adjusted income is defined as the median household size-adjusted income of those with disabilities as a percentage of the median household size-adjusted income of those without disabilities. Table 3a. Median Household Size-Adjusted Income and Relative Household Size- Adjusted Income of Non-Institutionalized Civilian Men Aged 25 through 61 for the United States, and for Each State and the District of Columbia over the Period of Income Years 1980 through 1998 and Rankings, by Disability Status*a Location United States Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 30,278 With a Disability: 15,172 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 50.1 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income -- Location Utah Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,691 With a Disability: 18,874 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 70.7 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 1 Location Nevada Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 30,962 With a Disability: 21,501 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 69.4 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 2 Location North Dakota Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,552 With a Disability: 17,573 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 68.8 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 3 Location Idaho Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 24,459 With a Disability: 16,561 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 67.7 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 4 Location South Dakota Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 24,229 With a Disability: 15,952 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 65.8 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 5 Location Arizona Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,385 With a Disability: 18,511 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 65.2 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 6 Location Connecticut Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 38,376 With a Disability: 24,871 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 64.8 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 7 Location Minnesota Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 32,124 With a Disability: 20,524 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 63.9 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 8 Location New Hampshire Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 32,842 With a Disability: 20,890 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 63.6 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 9 Location Montana Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,453 With a Disability: 16,103 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 63.3 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 10 Location Wyoming Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,314 With a Disability: 17,457 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 61.7 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 11 Location Washington Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 32,161 With a Disability: 19,795 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 61.6 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 12 Location Iowa Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,240 With a Disability: 16,413 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 60.3 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 13 Location Alaska Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 37,937 With a Disability: 22,568 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 59.5 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 14 Location Kansas Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,070 With a Disability: 17,220 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 59.2 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 15 Location Oregon Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,390 With a Disability: 17,193 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 58.5 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 16 Location Nebraska Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,091 With a Disability: 15,812 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 58.4 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 17 Location Wisconsin Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 30,804 With a Disability: 17,482 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 56.8 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 18 Location Florida Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,845 With a Disability: 15,746 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 56.5 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 19 Location Delaware Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 32,396 With a Disability: 18,312 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 56.5 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 20 Location Vermont Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,870 With a Disability: 16,274 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 56.4 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 21 Location Hawaii Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 34,328 With a Disability: 19,263 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 56.1 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 22 Location Maine Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,041 With a Disability: 15,166 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 56.1 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 23 Location New Jersey Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 36,771 With a Disability: 20,524 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 55.8 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 24 Location Indiana Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,843 With a Disability: 15,532 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 55.8 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 25 Location Colorado Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 32,868 With a Disability: 17,982 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 54.7 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 26 Location Maryland Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 36,405 With a Disability: 19,749 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 54.2 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 27 Location North Carolina Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,830 With a Disability: 14,834 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 53.3 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 28 Location Arkansas Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 22,824 With a Disability: 12,058 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 52.8 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 29 Location Mississippi Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 23,044 With a Disability: 12,107 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 52.5 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 30 Location Massachusetts Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 36,430 With a Disability: 19,011 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 52.2 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 31 Location Illinois Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 32,682 With a Disability: 17,051 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 52.2 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 32 Location California Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 32,323 With a Disability: 16,626 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 51.4 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 33 Location Rhode Island Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 32,051 With a Disability: 16,366 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 51.1 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 34 Location Pennsylvania Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,821 With a Disability: 15,190 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 50.9 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 35 Location Texas Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,400 With a Disability: 14,076 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 49.6 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 36 Location Michigan Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 31,994 With a Disability: 15,793 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 49.4 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 37 Location Ohio Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 30,691 With a Disability: 15,075 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 49.1 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 38 Location West Virginia Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 23,614 With a Disability: 11,577 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 49.0 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 39 Location Oklahoma Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,737 With a Disability: 13,108 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 49.0 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 40 Location New Mexico Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 24,376 With a Disability: 11,865 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 48.7 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 41 Location Missouri Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,777 With a Disability: 13,774 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 47.9 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 42 Location Georgia Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,233 With a Disability: 13,706 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 46.9 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 43 Location New York Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 31,675 With a Disability: 14,759 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 46.6 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 44 Location Virginia Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 33,267 With a Disability: 15,499 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 46.6 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 45 Location Alabama Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,513 With a Disability: 11,840 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 46.4 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 46 Location South Carolina Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,587 With a Disability: 12,087 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 45.5 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 47 Location Tennessee Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,838 With a Disability: 11,700 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 45.3 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 48 Location Kentucky Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,864 With a Disability: 12,118 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 45.1 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 49 Location Louisiana Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,708 With a Disability: 11,856 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 44.4 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 50 Location DC Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 34,412 With a Disability: 12,895 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 37.5 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 51 Source: Author's calculations using the March Current Population Survey, 1981 through 1999. a. Persons with a disability are defined as those who report having (or are reported by the household's respondent as having), at the time of the survey, "a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do." b. The unit of the analysis is the individual not the household. Individuals are assumed to receive an equal share of their household's size-adjusted income. Size-adjusted income is household income by dividing income by the square root of household size. The CPS collect income for the year prior to the survey, the "income year". Income is before taxes but after public cash transfers. Negative sources of income are converted to zero. All dollar amounts are in 1998 dollars. c. In April of survey year 1984, sample weights based on the 1970 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1980 Census and the sample design was changed to increase the accuracy of state estimates. In survey year 1994, there were several changes in the CPS. It moved fully to computer-assisted survey interviews. Sample weights based on the 1980 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1990 Census. The Monthly Basic Survey was revised, and three new disability questions were added. It is possible that these changes affected the measurement of the population with a disability either through changes in the sample weights or in the way respondents answered disability questions. d. The relative median household size-adjusted income is defined as the median household size-adjusted income of those with disabilities as a percentage of the median household size-adjusted income of those without disabilities. Table 3b. Median Household Size-Adjusted Income and Relative Household Size- Adjusted Income of Non-Institutionalized Civilian Women Aged 25 through 61 for the United States, and for Each State and the District of Columbia over the Period of Income Years 1980 through 1998 and Rankings, by Disability Status*a Location United States Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,475 With a Disability: 13,750 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 50.0 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income -- Location North Dakota Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 23,795 With a Disability: 18,110 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 76.1 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 1 Location Utah Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 24,636 With a Disability: 17,502 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 71.0 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 2 Location Nevada Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,069 With a Disability: 19,766 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 70.4 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 3 Location South Dakota Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 22,611 With a Disability: 15,164 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 67.1 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 4 Location Idaho Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 23,099 With a Disability: 15,374 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 66.6 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 5 Location Wisconsin Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,462 With a Disability: 18,850 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 66.2 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 6 Location New Hampshire Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 30,845 With a Disability: 20,386 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 66.1 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 7 Location Nebraska Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,333 With a Disability: 16,509 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 65.2 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 8 Location Iowa Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,293 With a Disability: 16,185 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 64.0 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 9 Location Wyoming Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,512 With a Disability: 16,805 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 63.4 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 10 Location Arizona Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,942 With a Disability: 16,412 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 63.3 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 11 Location Minnesota Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,682 With a Disability: 18,697 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 63.0 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 12 Location Connecticut Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 34,817 With a Disability: 21,699 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 62.3 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 13 Location Montana Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 23,126 With a Disability: 13,987 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 60.5 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 14 Location Alaska Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 34,230 With a Disability: 20,629 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 60.3 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 15 Location Hawaii Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 31,144 With a Disability: 18,395 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 59.1 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 16 Location New Jersey Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 33,782 With a Disability: 19,723 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 58.4 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 17 Location Maine Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,168 With a Disability: 14,563 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 57.9 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 18 Location Oregon Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,351 With a Disability: 15,819 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 57.8 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 19 Location Washington Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,786 With a Disability: 16,935 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 56.9 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 20 Location Rhode Island Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,504 With a Disability: 16,691 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 56.6 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 21 Location Delaware Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,198 With a Disability: 16,383 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 56.1 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 22 Location Kansas Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,252 With a Disability: 15,119 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 55.5 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 23 Location California Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,357 With a Disability: 16,259 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 55.4 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 24 Location New Mexico Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 21,824 With a Disability: 12,058 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 55.3 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 25 Location Florida Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 24,983 With a Disability: 13,683 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 54.8 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 26 Location Missouri Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,463 With a Disability: 14,462 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 54.6 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 27 Location Texas Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,805 With a Disability: 14,039 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 54.4 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 28 Location Maryland Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 33,246 With a Disability: 18,070 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 54.4 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 29 Location Vermont Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,718 With a Disability: 14,651 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 52.9 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 30 Location Colorado Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 30,480 With a Disability: 15,975 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 52.4 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 31 Location Indiana Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,454 With a Disability: 13,338 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 52.4 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 32 Location South Carolina Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 23,507 With a Disability: 11,937 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 50.8 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 33 Location Pennsylvania Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,281 With a Disability: 13,753 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 50.4 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 34 Location Georgia Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,495 With a Disability: 13,180 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 49.7 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 35 Location North Carolina Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,616 With a Disability: 12,719 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 49.7 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 36 Location Arkansas Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 20,742 With a Disability: 10,290 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 49.6 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 37 Location Michigan Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,017 With a Disability: 14,321 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 49.4 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 38 Location West Virginia Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 20,682 With a Disability: 10,188 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 49.3 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 39 Location Ohio Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,818 With a Disability: 13,574 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 48.8 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 40 Location Mississippi Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 19,864 With a Disability: 9,632 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 48.5 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 41 Location Virginia Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 30,292 With a Disability: 14,608 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 48.2 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 42 Location Massachusetts Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 33,052 With a Disability: 15,716 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 47.5 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 43 Location Tennessee Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 23,035 With a Disability: 10,925 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 47.4 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 44 Location Oklahoma Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 24,557 With a Disability: 11,523 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 46.9 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 45 Location Louisiana Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 22,920 With a Disability: 10,437 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 45.5 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 46 Location Alabama Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 22,673 With a Disability: 10,260 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 45.3 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 47 Location Illinois Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,542 With a Disability: 13,049 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 44.2 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 48 Location Kentucky Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 23,642 With a Disability: 10,405 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 44.0 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 49 Location New York Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,138 With a Disability: 12,373 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 44.0 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 50 Location DC Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,905 With a Disability: 11,358 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 39.3 Ranked by Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income 51 Source: Author's calculations using the March Current Population Survey, 1981 through 1999. a. Persons with a disability are defined as those who report having (or are reported by the household's respondent as having), at the time of the survey, "a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do." b. The unit of the analysis is the individual not the household. Individuals are assumed to receive an equal share of their household's size-adjusted income. Size-adjusted income is household income by dividing income by the square root of household size. The CPS collect income for the year prior to the survey, the "income year". Income is before taxes but after public cash transfers. Negative sources of income are converted to zero. All dollar amounts are in 1998 dollars. c. In April of survey year 1984, sample weights based on the 1970 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1980 Census and the sample design was changed to increase the accuracy of state estimates. In survey year 1994, there were several changes in the CPS. It moved fully to computer-assisted survey interviews. Sample weights based on the 1980 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1990 Census. The Monthly Basic Survey was revised, and three new disability questions were added. It is possible that these changes affected the measurement of the population with a disability either through changes in the sample weights or in the way respondents answered disability questions. d. The relative median household size-adjusted income is defined as the median household size-adjusted income of those with disabilities as a percentage of the median household size-adjusted income of those without disabilities. Table 4a. Men: Median Household Size-Adjusted Income and Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income of Non-Institutionalized Civilian Men Aged 25 through 61 for the United States, and for Each State and the District of Columbia over the 1980s and 1990s, Percentage Changes and Rankings, by Disability Status*a Location United States Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,567 With a Disability: 15,080 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 51.0 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 31,068 With a Disability: 15,275 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 49.2 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -3.7** Ranked by Percentage Change -- Location Montana Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,287 With a Disability: 14,865 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 58.8 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,637 With a Disability: 17,478 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 68.2 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 14.8 Ranked by Percentage Change 1 Location Arizona Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,931 With a Disability: 17,746 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 61.3 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,778 With a Disability: 19,361 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 69.7 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 12.8 Ranked by Percentage Change 2 Location Maryland Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 35,924 With a Disability: 18,335 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 51.0 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 36,939 With a Disability: 21,321 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 57.7 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 12.3 Ranked by Percentage Change 3 Location Wisconsin Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,997 With a Disability: 15,505 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 53.5 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 32,811 With a Disability: 19,678 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 60.0 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 11.5 Ranked by Percentage Change 4 Location Mississippi Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 22,217 With a Disability: 11,026 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 49.6 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 23,962 With a Disability: 13,309 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 55.5 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 11.2 Ranked by Percentage Change 5 Location Utah Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,896 With a Disability: 17,306 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 66.8 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,575 With a Disability: 20,616 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 74.8 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 11.2 Ranked by Percentage Change 6 Location Alabama Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 24,258 With a Disability: 10,636 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 43.8 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,906 With a Disability: 13,178 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 49.0 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 11.1 Ranked by Percentage Change 7 Location Hawaii Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 32,639 With a Disability: 17,418 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 53.4 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 36,205 With a Disability: 21,313 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 58.9 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 9.8 Ranked by Percentage Change 8 Location New Jersey Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 35,533 With a Disability: 18,978 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 53.4 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 38,147 With a Disability: 22,242 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 58.3 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 8.8 Ranked by Percentage Change 9 Location New Hampshire Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 31,854 With a Disability: 19,490 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 61.2 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 33,939 With a Disability: 22,445 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 66.1 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 7.8 Ranked by Percentage Change 10 Location Oregon Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,303 With a Disability: 15,952 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 56.4 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 30,598 With a Disability: 18,572 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 60.7 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 7.4 Ranked by Percentage Change 11 Location Washington Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 30,816 With a Disability: 18,294 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 59.4 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 33,655 With a Disability: 21,464 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 63.8 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 7.2 Ranked by Percentage Change 12 Location Louisiana Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,470 With a Disability: 11,380 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 43.0 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,973 With a Disability: 12,386 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 45.9 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 6.6 Ranked by Percentage Change 13 Location Alaska Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 37,870 With a Disability: 21,840 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 57.7 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 38,011 With a Disability: 23,376 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 61.5 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 6.4 Ranked by Percentage Change 14 Location New York Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 30,920 With a Disability: 14,063 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 45.5 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 32,515 With a Disability: 15,532 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 47.8 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 4.9 Ranked by Percentage Change 15 Location Oklahoma Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,057 With a Disability: 13,054 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 48.2 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,382 With a Disability: 13,167 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 49.9 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 3.4 Ranked by Percentage Change 16 Location Texas Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,567 With a Disability: 13,953 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 48.8 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,214 With a Disability: 14,213 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 50.4 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 3.1 Ranked by Percentage Change 17 Location Pennsylvania Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,745 With a Disability: 14,484 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 50.4 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 31,015 With a Disability: 15,974 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 51.5 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 2.2 Ranked by Percentage Change 18 Location Colorado Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 32,659 With a Disability: 17,734 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 54.3 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 33,102 With a Disability: 18,257 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 55.2 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 1.6 Ranked by Percentage Change 19 Location California Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 32,666 With a Disability: 16,778 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 51.4 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 31,942 With a Disability: 16,457 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 51.5 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 0.3 Ranked by Percentage Change 20 Location North Carolina Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,755 With a Disability: 14,243 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 53.2 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,024 With a Disability: 15,491 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 53.4 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 0.3 Ranked by Percentage Change 21 Location New Mexico Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 24,125 With a Disability: 11,734 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 48.6 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 24,655 With a Disability: 12,011 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 48.7 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 0.2 Ranked by Percentage Change 22 Location Delaware Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 31,370 With a Disability: 17,765 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 56.6 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 33,536 With a Disability: 18,920 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 56.4 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -0.4 Ranked by Percentage Change 23 Location Minnesota Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 30,763 With a Disability: 19,712 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 64.1 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 33,637 With a Disability: 21,427 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 63.7 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -0.6 Ranked by Percentage Change 24 Location Indiana Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,871 With a Disability: 15,044 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 56.0 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,924 With a Disability: 16,075 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 55.6 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -0.7 Ranked by Percentage Change 25 Location Iowa Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,059 With a Disability: 15,787 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 60.6 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,553 With a Disability: 17,109 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 59.9 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -1.1 Ranked by Percentage Change 26 Location Missouri Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,869 With a Disability: 13,419 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 48.1 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,784 With a Disability: 14,168 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 47.6 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -1.2 Ranked by Percentage Change 27 Location Maine Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,286 With a Disability: 14,963 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 56.9 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,881 With a Disability: 15,390 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 55.2 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -3.1 Ranked by Percentage Change 28 Location Tennessee Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 24,667 With a Disability: 11,364 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 46.1 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,139 With a Disability: 12,074 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 44.5 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -3.5 Ranked by Percentage Change 29 Location North Dakota Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 24,578 With a Disability: 17,258 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 70.2 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,635 With a Disability: 17,923 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 67.3 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -4.3 Ranked by Percentage Change 30 Location South Carolina Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,044 With a Disability: 11,710 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 46.8 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,302 With a Disability: 12,507 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 44.2 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -5.6 Ranked by Percentage Change 31 Location Georgia Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,306 With a Disability: 13,661 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 48.3 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 30,262 With a Disability: 13,755 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 45.5 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -6.0 Ranked by Percentage Change 32 Location Wyoming Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,004 With a Disability: 18,381 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 63.4 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,548 With a Disability: 16,431 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 59.6 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -6.1 Ranked by Percentage Change 33 Location Nebraska Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,161 With a Disability: 15,733 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 60.1 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,125 With a Disability: 15,899 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 56.5 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -6.2 Ranked by Percentage Change 34 Location Virginia Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 32,939 With a Disability: 15,830 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 48.1 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 33,632 With a Disability: 15,132 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 45.0 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -6.6 Ranked by Percentage Change 35 Location Idaho Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 23,260 With a Disability: 16,270 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 69.9 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,792 With a Disability: 16,884 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 65.5 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -6.6 Ranked by Percentage Change 36 Location Arkansas Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 21,876 With a Disability: 12,008 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 54.9 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 23,877 With a Disability: 12,114 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 50.7 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -7.9 Ranked by Percentage Change 37 Location Vermont Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,272 With a Disability: 16,588 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 58.7 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,535 With a Disability: 15,926 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 53.9 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -8.4 Ranked by Percentage Change 38 Location Florida Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,114 With a Disability: 15,988 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 59.0 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,657 With a Disability: 15,477 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 54.0 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -8.8 Ranked by Percentage Change 39 Location DC Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 33,464 With a Disability: 13,252 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 39.6 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 35,465 With a Disability: 12,498 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 35.2 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -11.6 Ranked by Percentage Change 40 Location Nevada Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 30,522 With a Disability: 22,415 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 73.4 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 31,451 With a Disability: 20,486 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 65.1 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -12.0 Ranked by Percentage Change 41 Location Ohio Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,826 With a Disability: 15,560 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 52.2 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 31,652 With a Disability: 14,535 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 45.9 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -12.7** Ranked by Percentage Change 42 Location South Dakota Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 22,811 With a Disability: 16,002 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 70.2 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,803 With a Disability: 15,897 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 61.6 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -13.0** Ranked by Percentage Change 43 Location Rhode Island Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 30,374 With a Disability: 16,584 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 54.6 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 33,915 With a Disability: 16,124 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 47.5 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -13.8 Ranked by Percentage Change 44 Location Illinois Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 31,785 With a Disability: 17,880 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 56.3 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 33,679 With a Disability: 16,130 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 47.9 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -16.1** Ranked by Percentage Change 45 Location Massachusetts Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 35,383 With a Disability: 20,018 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 56.6 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 37,594 With a Disability: 17,893 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 47.6 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -17.2** Ranked by Percentage Change 46 Location West Virginia Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 22,580 With a Disability: 12,165 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 53.9 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 24,762 With a Disability: 10,923 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 44.1 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -19.9** Ranked by Percentage Change 47 Location Kansas Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,657 With a Disability: 18,732 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 65.4 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,528 With a Disability: 15,541 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 52.6 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -21.6** Ranked by Percentage Change 48 Location Michigan Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 30,794 With a Disability: 17,192 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 55.8 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 33,326 With a Disability: 14,238 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 42.7 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -26.6** Ranked by Percentage Change 49 Location Connecticut Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 37,643 With a Disability: 27,917 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 74.2 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 39,191 With a Disability: 21,487 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 54.8 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -30.0** Ranked by Percentage Change 50 Location Kentucky Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,003 With a Disability: 13,212 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 52.8 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,932 With a Disability: 10,901 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 37.7 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -33.5** Ranked by Percentage Change 51 Source: Author's calculations using the March Current Population Survey, 1980 through 1999. a. Persons with a disability are defined as those who report having (or are reported by the household's respondent as having), at the time of the survey, "a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do." b. The unit of the analysis is the individual not the household. Individuals are assumed to receive an equal share of their household's size-adjusted income. Size-adjusted income is household income by dividing income by the square root of household size. The CPS collect income for the year prior to the survey, the "income year". Income is before taxes but after public cash transfers. Negative sources of income are converted to zero. All dollar amounts are in 1998 dollars. c. In April of survey year 1984, sample weights based on the 1970 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1980 Census and the sample design was changed to increase the accuracy of state estimates. In survey year 1994, there were several changes in the CPS. It moved fully to computer-assisted survey interviews. Sample weights based on the 1980 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1990 Census. The Monthly Basic Survey was revised, and three new disability questions were added. It is possible that these changes affected the measurement of the population with a disability either through changes in the sample weights or in the way respondents answered disability questions. d. The relative median household size-adjusted income is defined as the median household size-adjusted income of those with disabilities as a percentage of the median household size-adjusted income of those without disabilities. The percentage change is the difference between the two averages divided by the average of the two averages multiplied by 100. Double asterisks (**) note locations where difference between those without and with a disability in the change the average median income from period to period is statistically different than zero, assuming a 90 percent confidence level. Table 4b. Women: Median Household Size-Adjusted Income and Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income of Non-Institutionalized Civilian Women Aged 25 through 61 for the United States, and for Each State and the District of Columbia over the 1980s and 1990s, Percentage Changes and Rankings, by Disability Status*a Location United States Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,536 With a Disability: 13,548 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 51.1 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,518 With a Disability: 13,974 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 49.0 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -4.1** Ranked by Percentage Change -- Location Mississippi Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 19,653 With a Disability: 8,561 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 43.6 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 20,099 With a Disability: 10,823 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 53.8 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 21.1 Ranked by Percentage Change 1 Location DC Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,371 With a Disability: 10,671 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 37.6 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,499 With a Disability: 12,122 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 41.1 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 8.8 Ranked by Percentage Change 2 Location Virginia Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,447 With a Disability: 13,603 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 46.2 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 31,232 With a Disability: 15,726 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 50.4 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 8.6 Ranked by Percentage Change 3 Location Utah Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 23,336 With a Disability: 15,934 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 68.3 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,080 With a Disability: 19,244 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 73.8 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 7.8 Ranked by Percentage Change 4 Location Maine Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 23,635 With a Disability: 13,367 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 56.6 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,873 With a Disability: 15,892 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 59.1 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 4.5 Ranked by Percentage Change 5 Location Delaware Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,435 With a Disability: 15,666 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 55.1 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 30,045 With a Disability: 17,180 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 57.2 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 3.7 Ranked by Percentage Change 6 Location Missouri Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,339 With a Disability: 13,594 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 53.6 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,711 With a Disability: 15,425 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 55.7 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 3.7 Ranked by Percentage Change 7 Location Illinois Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,713 With a Disability: 12,460 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 43.4 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 30,465 With a Disability: 13,704 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 45.0 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 3.6 Ranked by Percentage Change 8 Location South Carolina Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 22,114 With a Disability: 11,079 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 50.1 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,054 With a Disability: 12,891 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 51.5 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 2.7 Ranked by Percentage Change 9 Location Louisiana Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 22,668 With a Disability: 10,194 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 45.0 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 23,199 With a Disability: 10,707 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 46.2 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 2.6 Ranked by Percentage Change 10 Location Massachusetts Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 31,626 With a Disability: 14,866 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 47.0 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 34,636 With a Disability: 16,659 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 48.1 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 2.3 Ranked by Percentage Change 11 Location California Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,963 With a Disability: 15,863 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 54.8 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,795 With a Disability: 16,698 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 56.0 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 2.3 Ranked by Percentage Change 12 Location Oregon Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,372 With a Disability: 15,202 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 57.6 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,438 With a Disability: 16,504 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 58.0 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 0.7 Ranked by Percentage Change 13 Location Colorado Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,365 With a Disability: 15,349 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 52.3 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 31,719 With a Disability: 16,671 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 52.6 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d 0.5 Ranked by Percentage Change 14 Location New York Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,352 With a Disability: 12,036 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 44.0 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,013 With a Disability: 12,748 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 43.9 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -0.2 Ranked by Percentage Change 15 Location New Jersey Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 32,225 With a Disability: 18,829 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 58.4 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 35,512 With a Disability: 20,717 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 58.3 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -0.2 Ranked by Percentage Change 16 Location South Dakota Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 21,103 With a Disability: 14,225 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 67.4 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 24,287 With a Disability: 16,207 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 66.7 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -1.0 Ranked by Percentage Change 17 Location Alabama Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 21,066 With a Disability: 9,595 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 45.5 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 24,459 With a Disability: 10,999 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 45.0 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -1.3 Ranked by Percentage Change 18 Location Michigan Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,839 With a Disability: 13,873 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 49.8 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 30,326 With a Disability: 14,819 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 48.9 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -2.0 Ranked by Percentage Change 19 Location Vermont Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,399 With a Disability: 14,106 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 53.4 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,184 With a Disability: 15,257 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 52.3 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -2.2 Ranked by Percentage Change 20 Location Texas Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,766 With a Disability: 14,167 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 55.0 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,848 With a Disability: 13,896 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 53.8 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -2.3 Ranked by Percentage Change 21 Location Georgia Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,794 With a Disability: 12,979 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 50.3 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,274 With a Disability: 13,403 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 49.1 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -2.4 Ranked by Percentage Change 22 Location Oklahoma Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 24,699 With a Disability: 11,780 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 47.7 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 24,400 With a Disability: 11,238 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 46.1 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -3.5 Ranked by Percentage Change 23 Location North Carolina Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 24,175 With a Disability: 12,252 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 50.7 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,216 With a Disability: 13,239 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 48.6 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -4.1 Ranked by Percentage Change 24 Location Arizona Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,894 With a Disability: 16,717 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 64.6 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,996 With a Disability: 16,072 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 61.8 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -4.3 Ranked by Percentage Change 25 Location New Mexico Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 21,151 With a Disability: 11,970 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 56.6 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 22,572 With a Disability: 12,156 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 53.9 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -5.0 Ranked by Percentage Change 26 Location Maryland Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 32,100 With a Disability: 17,930 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 55.9 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 34,520 With a Disability: 18,226 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 52.8 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -5.6 Ranked by Percentage Change 27 Location Nevada Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,900 With a Disability: 19,518 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 72.6 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,367 With a Disability: 20,041 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 68.2 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -6.1 Ranked by Percentage Change 28 Location Idaho Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 21,606 With a Disability: 14,857 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 68.8 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 24,757 With a Disability: 15,948 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 64.4 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -6.5 Ranked by Percentage Change 29 Location Tennessee Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 22,027 With a Disability: 10,789 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 49.0 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 24,156 With a Disability: 11,075 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 45.8 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -6.6 Ranked by Percentage Change 30 Location Florida Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 23,876 With a Disability: 13,514 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 56.6 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,213 With a Disability: 13,871 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 52.9 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -6.7 Ranked by Percentage Change 31 Location Washington Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 28,224 With a Disability: 16,714 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 59.2 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 31,520 With a Disability: 17,180 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 54.5 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -8.3 Ranked by Percentage Change 32 Location Arkansas Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 19,544 With a Disability: 10,141 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 51.9 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 22,072 With a Disability: 10,455 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 47.4 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -9.1 Ranked by Percentage Change 33 Location Hawaii Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,451 With a Disability: 18,204 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 61.8 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 33,025 With a Disability: 18,606 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 56.3 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -9.3 Ranked by Percentage Change 34 Location Ohio Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,733 With a Disability: 13,649 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 51.1 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,023 With a Disability: 13,491 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 46.5 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -9.4** Ranked by Percentage Change 35 Location Wisconsin Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,740 With a Disability: 18,624 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 69.7 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 30,375 With a Disability: 19,100 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 62.9 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -10.2 Ranked by Percentage Change 36 Location Indiana Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 24,373 With a Disability: 13,738 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 56.4 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,655 With a Disability: 12,893 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 48.4 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -15.3** Ranked by Percentage Change 37 Location Wyoming Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,070 With a Disability: 18,411 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 68.0 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,891 With a Disability: 15,021 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 58.0 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -15.9 Ranked by Percentage Change 38 Location Montana Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 22,782 With a Disability: 14,849 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 65.2 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 23,508 With a Disability: 13,029 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 55.4 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -16.2** Ranked by Percentage Change 39 Location Pennsylvania Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,733 With a Disability: 14,042 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 54.6 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,000 With a Disability: 13,432 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 46.3 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -16.4** Ranked by Percentage Change 40 Location New Hampshire Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 29,318 With a Disability: 21,090 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 71.9 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 32,542 With a Disability: 19,605 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 60.2 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -17.7 Ranked by Percentage Change 41 Location West Virginia Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 19,394 With a Disability: 10,521 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 54.3 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 22,113 With a Disability: 9,817 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 44.4 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -20.0 Ranked by Percentage Change 42 Location Kansas Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,666 With a Disability: 16,238 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 60.9 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,904 With a Disability: 13,876 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 49.7 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -20.2 Ranked by Percentage Change 43 Location Alaska Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 33,890 With a Disability: 22,525 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 66.5 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 34,608 With a Disability: 18,522 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 53.5 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -21.6** Ranked by Percentage Change 44 Location Nebraska Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 24,236 With a Disability: 17,503 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 72.2 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,552 With a Disability: 15,404 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 58.0 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -21.8** Ranked by Percentage Change 45 Location North Dakota Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 23,054 With a Disability: 19,481 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 84.5 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 24,620 With a Disability: 16,587 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 67.4 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -22.6** Ranked by Percentage Change 46 Location Minnesota Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,895 With a Disability: 19,616 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 70.3 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 31,669 With a Disability: 17,676 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 55.8 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -23.0** Ranked by Percentage Change 47 Location Iowa Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 23,946 With a Disability: 17,108 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 71.4 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 26,790 With a Disability: 15,159 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 56.6 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -23.2** Ranked by Percentage Change 48 Location Kentucky Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 22,062 With a Disability: 10,918 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 49.5 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 25,399 With a Disability: 9,835 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 38.7 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -24.4** Ranked by Percentage Change 49 Location Connecticut Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 33,748 With a Disability: 24,167 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 71.6 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 36,005 With a Disability: 18,957 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 52.7 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -30.5** Ranked by Percentage Change 50 Location Rhode Island Period: Income Years 1980-1989 Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 27,933 With a Disability: 18,791 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 67.3 Period: Income Years 1990-1998*c Median Household Size-Adjusted Income (dollars)*b Without a Disability: 31,249 With a Disability: 14,359 Relative Median Houeshold Size-Adjusted Income (percentages)*c 45.9 Percentage Change in Relative Household Size-Adjusted Income from 1980-1989 to 1990-1998 (Percentages)*c,*d -37.7** Ranked by Percentage Change 51 Source: Author's calculations using the March Current Population Survey, 1980 through 1999. a. Persons with a disability are defined as those who report having (or are reported by the household's respondent as having), at the time of the survey, "a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do." b. The unit of the analysis is the individual not the household. Individuals are assumed to receive an equal share of their household's size-adjusted income. Size-adjusted income is household income by dividing income by the square root of household size. The CPS collect income for the year prior to the survey, the "income year". Income is before taxes but after public cash transfers. Negative sources of income are converted to zero. All dollar amounts are in 1998 dollars. c. In April of survey year 1984, sample weights based on the 1970 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1980 Census and the sample design was changed to increase the accuracy of state estimates. In survey year 1994, there were several changes in the CPS. It moved fully to computer-assisted survey interviews. Sample weights based on the 1980 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1990 Census. The Monthly Basic Survey was revised, and three new disability questions were added. It is possible that these changes affected the measurement of the population with a disability either through changes in the sample weights or in the way respondents answered disability questions. d. The relative median household size-adjusted income is defined as the median household size-adjusted income of those with disabilities as a percentage of the median household size-adjusted income of those without disabilities. The percentage change is the difference between the two averages divided by the average of the two averages multiplied by 100. Double asterisks (**) note locations where difference between those without and with a disability in the change the average median income from period to period is statistically different than zero, assuming a 90 percent confidence level. Appendix Table 1a. Median Household Size-Adjusted Income of Non- Institutionalized Civilian Men without a Disability Aged 25 Through 61 for the United States, and for Each State and the District of Columbia, Income Years 1980 through 1998 (in thousands)*a,*b Group United States Income Year 1980: 28,508 1981: 27,945 1982: 27,399 1983: 27,949 1984*c: 28,943 1985: 29,470 1986: 30,501 1987: 31,188 1988: 31,819 1989: 31,944 1990: 30,970 1991: 30,474 1992: 30,295 1993*c: 30,098 1994: 30,590 1995: 30,678 1996: 31,189 1997: 31,791 1998: 33,529 Group Alabama Income Year 1980: 24,354 1981: 23,131 1982: 22,846 1983: 24,568 1984*c: 23,949 1985: 22,941 1986: 26,144 1987: 26,511 1988: 23,163 1989: 24,977 1990: 23,811 1991: 24,411 1992: 23,122 1993*c: 26,051 1994: 27,107 1995: 26,659 1996: 29,968 1997: 30,517 1998: 30,510 Group Alaska Income Year 1980: 41,124 1981: 39,305 1982: 37,821 1983: 36,875 1984*c: 38,406 1985: 37,769 1986: 35,228 1987: 38,155 1988: 35,891 1989: 38,123 1990: 36,932 1991: 39,893 1992: 38,297 1993*c: 38,489 1994: 38,698 1995: 37,778 1996: 37,612 1997: 36,727 1998: 37,675 Group Arizona Income Year 1980: 27,695 1981: 28,525 1982: 29,327 1983: 25,904 1984*c: 27,372 1985: 30,995 1986: 28,799 1987: 29,839 1988: 31,000 1989: 29,855 1990: 29,634 1991: 29,780 1992: 26,314 1993*c: 26,933 1994: 27,703 1995: 26,670 1996: 26,268 1997: 26,302 1998: 30,394 Group Arkansas Income Year 1980: 22,451 1981: 21,562 1982: 20,439 1983: 19,640 1984*c: 21,175 1985: 22,391 1986: 22,325 1987: 22,604 1988: 22,642 1989: 23,528 1990: 23,085 1991: 23,935 1992: 23,478 1993*c: 21,754 1994: 24,524 1995: 25,009 1996: 23,699 1997: 23,277 1998: 26,136 Group California Income Year 1980: 32,151 1981: 31,091 1982: 30,183 1983: 31,201 1984*c: 32,171 1985: 32,882 1986: 34,319 1987: 34,381 1988: 33,410 1989: 34,868 1990: 33,125 1991: 32,585 1992: 31,664 1993*c: 30,457 1994: 31,951 1995: 31,399 1996: 31,589 1997: 31,511 1998: 33,193 Group Colorado Income Year 1980: 30,375 1981: 32,965 1982: 31,474 1983: 33,261 1984*c: 32,636 1985: 32,949 1986: 34,088 1987: 32,866 1988: 33,807 1989: 32,163 1990: 29,933 1991: 32,284 1992: 32,511 1993*c: 33,581 1994: 32,522 1995: 32,086 1996: 32,923 1997: 34,600 1998: 37,477 Group Connecticut Income Year 1980: 31,652 1981: 34,069 1982: 34,458 1983: 34,140 1984*c: 37,653 1985: 39,746 1986: 40,767 1987: 38,768 1988: 39,613 1989: 45,563 1990: 40,534 1991: 38,977 1992: 38,798 1993*c: 37,670 1994: 38,164 1995: 37,690 1996: 38,933 1997: 40,114 1998: 41,839 Group Delaware Income Year 1980: 29,353 1981: 28,948 1982: 30,785 1983: 28,969 1984*c: 29,891 1985: 29,351 1986: 31,830 1987: 34,574 1988: 36,573 1989: 33,424 1990: 33,229 1991: 33,502 1992: 33,607 1993*c: 30,739 1994: 33,943 1995: 33,370 1996: 33,768 1997: 34,423 1998: 35,243 Group DC Income Year 1980: 28,704 1981: 28,689 1982: 30,486 1983: 29,840 1984*c: 31,646 1985: 32,939 1986: 36,883 1987: 40,860 1988: 40,645 1989: 33,947 1990: 33,512 1991: 36,100 1992: 34,804 1993*c: 30,860 1994: 32,127 1995: 34,684 1996: 36,360 1997: 35,925 1998: 44,812 Group Florida Income Year 1980: 25,252 1981: 25,103 1982: 23,889 1983: 24,922 1984*c: 26,043 1985: 27,637 1986: 28,394 1987: 30,239 1988: 30,367 1989: 29,293 1990: 27,750 1991: 28,010 1992: 28,509 1993*c: 28,201 1994: 28,464 1995: 27,000 1996: 28,790 1997: 29,425 1998: 31,766 Group Georgia Income Year 1980: 29,033 1981: 26,434 1982: 24,628 1983: 25,619 1984*c: 25,596 1985: 27,934 1986: 30,007 1987: 30,883 1988: 32,208 1989: 30,722 1990: 29,523 1991: 28,085 1992: 30,605 1993*c: 30,051 1994: 28,575 1995: 29,636 1996: 30,901 1997: 32,834 1998: 32,151 Group Hawaii Income Year 1980: 31,331 1981: 29,821 1982: 28,090 1983: 31,247 1984*c: 31,650 1985: 30,497 1986: 32,853 1987: 36,445 1988: 35,379 1989: 39,075 1990: 41,115 1991: 36,758 1992: 37,956 1993*c: 36,082 1994: 34,096 1995: 36,022 1996: 35,309 1997: 33,607 1998: 34,904 Group Idaho Income Year 1980: 22,140 1981: 23,116 1982: 21,996 1983: 22,944 1984*c: 23,154 1985: 21,546 1986: 22,643 1987: 24,274 1988: 25,185 1989: 25,605 1990: 24,206 1991: 23,077 1992: 23,871 1993*c: 26,448 1994: 27,497 1995: 26,026 1996: 25,712 1997: 27,288 1998: 28,000 Group Illinois Income Year 1980: 31,691 1981: 31,582 1982: 31,757 1983: 30,075 1984*c: 30,008 1985: 29,966 1986: 31,845 1987: 33,045 1988: 34,249 1989: 33,631 1990: 32,854 1991: 32,861 1992: 32,040 1993*c: 30,840 1994: 34,221 1995: 34,390 1996: 35,018 1997: 34,715 1998: 36,170 Group Indiana Income Year 1980: 26,508 1981: 24,639 1982: 25,360 1983: 25,637 1984*c: 26,957 1985: 27,063 1986: 26,770 1987: 25,487 1988: 30,253 1989: 30,032 1990: 29,942 1991: 26,506 1992: 28,804 1993*c: 28,916 1994: 27,448 1995: 28,403 1996: 29,838 1997: 29,902 1998: 30,559 Group Iowa Income Year 1980: 27,329 1981: 26,758 1982: 25,559 1983: 24,663 1984*c: 25,249 1985: 24,912 1986: 26,138 1987: 26,183 1988: 27,005 1989: 26,792 1990: 27,156 1991: 27,468 1992: 27,091 1993*c: 26,739 1994: 29,751 1995: 29,040 1996: 29,177 1997: 29,442 1998: 31,113 Group Kansas Income Year 1980: 28,970 1981: 27,527 1982: 26,039 1983: 26,458 1984*c: 28,843 1985: 28,217 1986: 28,666 1987: 30,035 1988: 31,488 1989: 30,328 1990: 30,033 1991: 28,402 1992: 27,972 1993*c: 28,517 1994: 27,928 1995: 28,228 1996: 31,249 1997: 31,554 1998: 31,870 Group Kentucky Income Year 1980: 26,127 1981: 24,906 1982: 25,063 1983: 22,963 1984*c: 21,875 1985: 24,196 1986: 24,082 1987: 25,486 1988: 26,832 1989: 28,502 1990: 27,531 1991: 27,919 1992: 27,645 1993*c: 28,997 1994: 27,388 1995: 27,226 1996: 30,412 1997: 31,427 1998: 31,848 Group Louisiana Income Year 1980: 25,262 1981: 26,314 1982: 26,182 1983: 25,447 1984*c: 25,168 1985: 25,704 1986: 29,811 1987: 29,894 1988: 24,888 1989: 26,027 1990: 26,098 1991: 24,286 1992: 25,490 1993*c: 26,866 1994: 26,405 1995: 26,334 1996: 27,411 1997: 29,958 1998: 29,907 Group Maine Income Year 1980: 24,702 1981: 23,434 1982: 23,094 1983: 23,927 1984*c: 26,705 1985: 25,993 1986: 26,695 1987: 28,803 1988: 30,349 1989: 29,157 1990: 28,803 1991: 28,674 1992: 26,281 1993*c: 25,381 1994: 27,220 1995: 27,187 1996: 29,588 1997: 28,336 1998: 29,458 Group Maryland Income Year 1980: 33,791 1981: 34,051 1982: 31,712 1983: 34,991 1984*c: 37,052 1985: 34,691 1986: 35,565 1987: 40,586 1988: 38,220 1989: 38,581 1990: 42,063 1991: 37,587 1992: 34,855 1993*c: 36,277 1994: 33,206 1995: 35,640 1996: 38,452 1997: 35,874 1998: 38,500 Group Massachusetts Income Year 1980: 29,871 1981: 31,064 1982: 30,458 1983: 33,741 1984*c: 33,766 1985: 35,326 1986: 37,007 1987: 39,160 1988: 41,127 1989: 42,313 1990: 40,036 1991: 36,687 1992: 37,445 1993*c: 35,589 1994: 38,322 1995: 36,357 1996: 36,564 1997: 39,411 1998: 37,933 Group Michigan Income Year 1980: 30,770 1981: 29,647 1982: 27,951 1983: 27,308 1984*c: 29,348 1985: 30,787 1986: 31,975 1987: 33,042 1988: 33,428 1989: 33,687 1990: 32,201 1991: 31,733 1992: 32,081 1993*c: 32,754 1994: 32,083 1995: 35,667 1996: 35,025 1997: 33,750 1998: 34,641 Group Minnesota Income Year 1980: 30,168 1981: 29,435 1982: 27,472 1983: 28,232 1984*c: 30,819 1985: 29,942 1986: 33,451 1987: 33,283 1988: 31,176 1989: 33,650 1990: 32,427 1991: 31,603 1992: 31,528 1993*c: 31,120 1994: 33,328 1995: 34,501 1996: 33,629 1997: 35,544 1998: 39,049 Group Mississippi Income Year 1980: 21,761 1981: 22,350 1982: 21,978 1983: 21,989 1984*c: 20,853 1985: 21,360 1986: 21,639 1987: 22,463 1988: 22,766 1989: 25,014 1990: 21,843 1991: 21,751 1992: 20,654 1993*c: 26,067 1994: 27,016 1995: 23,467 1996: 24,932 1997: 23,374 1998: 26,558 Group Missouri Income Year 1980: 26,406 1981: 26,439 1982: 25,647 1983: 27,142 1984*c: 27,623 1985: 26,632 1986: 29,976 1987: 28,932 1988: 31,039 1989: 28,858 1990: 27,924 1991: 28,966 1992: 28,498 1993*c: 29,839 1994: 27,418 1995: 31,437 1996: 30,118 1997: 31,482 1998: 32,378 Group Montana Income Year 1980: 27,017 1981: 26,140 1982: 22,980 1983: 22,678 1984*c: 23,910 1985: 25,496 1986: 26,399 1987: 25,715 1988: 25,663 1989: 26,868 1990: 23,572 1991: 25,790 1992: 26,379 1993*c: 26,442 1994: 25,188 1995: 25,668 1996: 25,616 1997: 25,810 1998: 26,271 Group Nebraska Income Year 1980: 27,032 1981: 25,421 1982: 25,253 1983: 23,696 1984*c: 24,839 1985: 25,252 1986: 25,944 1987: 27,981 1988: 28,166 1989: 28,022 1990: 27,271 1991: 27,081 1992: 26,089 1993*c: 26,769 1994: 28,308 1995: 27,594 1996: 29,144 1997: 30,782 1998: 30,087 Group Nevada Income Year 1980: 31,034 1981: 30,022 1982: 29,207 1983: 30,311 1984*c: 29,741 1985: 29,994 1986: 31,936 1987: 31,150 1988: 29,757 1989: 32,069 1990: 31,235 1991: 32,818 1992: 29,810 1993*c: 31,906 1994: 29,992 1995: 32,592 1996: 31,587 1997: 31,583 1998: 31,536 Group New Hampshire Income Year 1980: 28,975 1981: 26,444 1982: 27,828 1983: 28,076 1984*c: 29,361 1985: 30,317 1986: 36,364 1987: 36,079 1988: 37,363 1989: 37,728 1990: 37,007 1991: 33,833 1992: 32,095 1993*c: 32,812 1994: 31,750 1995: 34,852 1996: 33,649 1997: 34,816 1998: 34,641 Group New Jersey Income Year 1980: 31,418 1981: 32,200 1982: 31,313 1983: 33,766 1984*c: 34,786 1985: 34,995 1986: 37,904 1987: 38,599 1988: 39,499 1989: 40,853 1990: 39,037 1991: 38,840 1992: 37,214 1993*c: 36,658 1994: 37,045 1995: 36,525 1996: 36,832 1997: 39,352 1998: 41,820 Group New Mexico Income Year 1980: 25,717 1981: 27,252 1982: 23,353 1983: 23,123 1984*c: 24,450 1985: 25,617 1986: 22,668 1987: 23,647 1988: 21,160 1989: 24,267 1990: 24,385 1991: 25,427 1992: 26,472 1993*c: 24,817 1994: 24,788 1995: 21,619 1996: 22,335 1997: 25,304 1998: 26,750 Group New York Income Year 1980: 28,882 1981: 27,802 1982: 27,027 1983: 29,010 1984*c: 29,829 1985: 31,333 1986: 32,360 1987: 32,875 1988: 34,878 1989: 35,202 1990: 33,432 1991: 33,270 1992: 32,205 1993*c: 31,585 1994: 32,353 1995: 31,220 1996: 32,200 1997: 32,106 1998: 34,260 Group North Carolina Income Year 1980: 25,723 1981: 24,851 1982: 23,638 1983: 25,028 1984*c: 26,341 1985: 27,639 1986: 27,342 1987: 28,410 1988: 29,114 1989: 29,467 1990: 28,477 1991: 27,731 1992: 28,743 1993*c: 28,356 1994: 28,388 1995: 29,665 1996: 29,088 1997: 30,160 1998: 30,608 Group North Dakota Income Year 1980: 24,867 1981: 23,310 1982: 24,400 1983: 23,146 1984*c: 22,750 1985: 24,125 1986: 25,059 1987: 26,150 1988: 26,280 1989: 25,691 1990: 26,104 1991: 24,803 1992: 25,909 1993*c: 27,386 1994: 27,051 1995: 26,614 1996: 26,295 1997: 27,893 1998: 27,658 Group Ohio Income Year 1980: 29,006 1981: 29,586 1982: 28,690 1983: 28,352 1984*c: 28,424 1985: 30,148 1986: 29,872 1987: 30,841 1988: 31,690 1989: 31,649 1990: 30,915 1991: 29,945 1992: 30,077 1993*c: 30,390 1994: 30,217 1995: 32,103 1996: 32,776 1997: 33,090 1998: 35,355 Group Oklahoma Income Year 1980: 26,706 1981: 27,894 1982: 27,027 1983: 26,514 1984*c: 28,628 1985: 25,847 1986: 26,774 1987: 27,264 1988: 28,445 1989: 25,470 1990: 26,191 1991: 26,741 1992: 26,154 1993*c: 24,488 1994: 26,919 1995: 26,579 1996: 25,144 1997: 25,896 1998: 29,328 Group Oregon Income Year 1980: 29,752 1981: 27,869 1982: 28,314 1983: 27,087 1984*c: 28,315 1985: 27,172 1986: 26,205 1987: 28,112 1988: 30,490 1989: 29,712 1990: 30,157 1991: 28,183 1992: 31,776 1993*c: 30,901 1994: 27,919 1995: 30,874 1996: 31,090 1997: 31,503 1998: 32,980 Group Pennsylvania Income Year 1980: 27,979 1981: 27,020 1982: 26,426 1983: 27,304 1984*c: 27,958 1985: 29,087 1986: 30,052 1987: 29,886 1988: 30,601 1989: 31,140 1990: 30,210 1991: 29,919 1992: 29,872 1993*c: 29,830 1994: 30,802 1995: 30,898 1996: 32,322 1997: 31,441 1998: 33,845 Group Rhode Island Income Year 1980: 27,277 1981: 26,001 1982: 26,968 1983: 27,047 1984*c: 30,173 1985: 30,685 1986: 33,012 1987: 31,954 1988: 36,098 1989: 34,523 1990: 34,023 1991: 31,894 1992: 32,502 1993*c: 30,739 1994: 34,882 1995: 32,451 1996: 31,498 1997: 37,442 1998: 39,802 Group South Carolina Income Year 1980: 21,521 1981: 20,489 1982: 20,404 1983: 22,354 1984*c: 25,494 1985: 26,239 1986: 28,629 1987: 28,699 1988: 28,935 1989: 27,672 1990: 28,587 1991: 26,947 1992: 25,610 1993*c: 25,381 1994: 28,731 1995: 27,747 1996: 30,716 1997: 30,160 1998: 30,839 Group South Dakota Income Year 1980: 23,198 1981: 22,144 1982: 21,408 1983: 22,478 1984*c: 22,874 1985: 22,207 1986: 22,308 1987: 23,844 1988: 24,318 1989: 23,334 1990: 24,008 1991: 24,055 1992: 23,408 1993*c: 24,073 1994: 26,427 1995: 27,669 1996: 26,445 1997: 26,447 1998: 29,698 Group Tennessee Income Year 1980: 23,756 1981: 23,651 1982: 22,723 1983: 23,732 1984*c: 25,275 1985: 23,451 1986: 23,935 1987: 26,821 1988: 26,341 1989: 26,981 1990: 26,411 1991: 27,357 1992: 25,067 1993*c: 26,593 1994: 29,021 1995: 26,393 1996: 27,144 1997: 26,568 1998: 29,698 Group Texas Income Year 1980: 28,396 1981: 27,957 1982: 27,916 1983: 28,942 1984*c: 28,435 1985: 29,920 1986: 28,919 1987: 29,237 1988: 28,058 1989: 27,888 1990: 28,051 1991: 27,638 1992: 28,759 1993*c: 28,236 1994: 28,037 1995: 28,102 1996: 27,010 1997: 27,944 1998: 30,150 Group Utah Income Year 1980: 25,915 1981: 25,317 1982: 22,675 1983: 22,949 1984*c: 26,651 1985: 26,248 1986: 26,412 1987: 26,798 1988: 27,399 1989: 28,592 1990: 25,556 1991: 27,204 1992: 28,173 1993*c: 26,912 1994: 27,998 1995: 26,527 1996: 27,745 1997: 28,061 1998: 30,000 Group Vermont Income Year 1980: 24,728 1981: 24,429 1982: 25,064 1983: 25,823 1984*c: 27,735 1985: 30,556 1986: 29,194 1987: 31,647 1988: 32,303 1989: 31,244 1990: 32,819 1991: 27,549 1992: 29,006 1993*c: 28,509 1994: 30,105 1995: 29,033 1996: 27,582 1997: 30,097 1998: 31,113 Group Virginia Income Year 1980: 28,576 1981: 28,733 1982: 28,937 1983: 30,530 1984*c: 32,615 1985: 32,694 1986: 34,335 1987: 36,869 1988: 37,801 1989: 38,297 1990: 32,401 1991: 31,115 1992: 33,555 1993*c: 32,292 1994: 32,664 1995: 31,007 1996: 32,858 1997: 37,193 1998: 39,598 Group Washington Income Year 1980: 29,674 1981: 29,222 1982: 28,598 1983: 28,805 1984*c: 29,858 1985: 30,639 1986: 33,440 1987: 31,621 1988: 34,488 1989: 31,816 1990: 31,180 1991: 32,940 1992: 34,303 1993*c: 34,010 1994: 32,752 1995: 31,654 1996: 31,771 1997: 36,500 1998: 37,788 Group West Virginia Income Year 1980: 22,986 1981: 23,086 1982: 22,311 1983: 20,253 1984*c: 21,443 1985: 21,595 1986: 22,383 1987: 23,337 1988: 23,466 1989: 24,944 1990: 25,337 1991: 24,552 1992: 23,862 1993*c: 22,335 1994: 25,954 1995: 26,477 1996: 24,931 1997: 24,406 1998: 25,000 Group Wisconsin Income Year 1980: 29,031 1981: 27,850 1982: 27,952 1983: 27,366 1984*c: 27,627 1985: 28,080 1986: 29,154 1987: 29,493 1988: 31,320 1989: 32,102 1990: 31,180 1991: 31,235 1992: 32,423 1993*c: 31,136 1994: 33,031 1995: 33,333 1996: 34,426 1997: 33,538 1998: 35,000 Group Wyoming Income Year 1980: 30,575 1981: 31,200 1982: 26,393 1983: 27,488 1984*c: 28,912 1985: 27,950 1986: 27,863 1987: 32,286 1988: 27,900 1989: 29,470 1990: 27,599 1991: 27,525 1992: 26,423 1993*c: 25,689 1994: 30,259 1995: 28,898 1996: 27,197 1997: 26,136 1998: 28,204 Source: Author's calculations using the March Current Population Survey, 1981 through 1999. a. Persons with a disability are defined as those who report having (or are reported by the household's respondent as having), at the time of the survey, "a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do." b. The unit of the analysis is the individual not the household. Individuals are assumed to receive an equal share of their household's size-adjusted income. Size-adjusted income is household income by dividing income by the square root of household size. The CPS collect income for the year prior to the survey, the "income year". Income is before taxes but after public cash transfers. Negative sources of income are converted to zero. All dollar amounts are in 1998 dollars. c. In April of survey year 1984, sample weights based on the 1970 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1980 Census and the sample design was changed to increase the accuracy of state estimates. In survey year 1994, there were several changes in the CPS. It moved fully to computer-assisted survey interviews. Sample weights based on the 1980 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1990 Census. The Monthly Basic Survey was revised, and three new disability questions were added. It is possible that these changes affected the measurement of the population with a disability either through changes in the sample weights or in the way respondents answered disability questions. Appendix Table 1b. Median Household Size-Adjusted Incomeof Non- Institutionalized Civilian Men with a Disability Aged 25 Through 61 for the United States and, for Each State and the District of Columbia, Income Years 1980 through 1998 (in thousands)*a,*b Group United States Income Year 1980: 14,377 1981: 14,773 1982: 13,948 1983: 14,174 1984*c: 14,504 1985: 14,831 1986: 14,993 1987: 16,750 1988: 15,883 1989: 16,565 1990: 15,551 1991: 15,905 1992: 15,639 1993*c: 14,490 1994: 14,605 1995: 15,218 1996: 14,755 1997: 15,476 1998: 15,832 Group Alabama Income Year 1980: 7,779 1981: 13,553 1982: 14,635 1983: 9,068 1984*c: 13,215 1985: 9,171 1986: 11,180 1987: 8,897 1988: 9,776 1989: 9,089 1990: 13,843 1991: 13,687 1992: 10,471 1993*c: 11,255 1994: 11,267 1995: 15,166 1996: 16,565 1997: 14,001 1998: 12,346 Group Alaska Income Year 1980: 24,931 1981: 28,918 1982: 15,632 1983: 34,370 1984*c: 15,579 1985: 22,136 1986: 17,423 1987: 22,544 1988: 19,945 1989: 16,923 1990: 17,216 1991: 18,600 1992: 28,364 1993*c: 19,741 1994: 19,634 1995: 31,004 1996: 29,812 1997: 24,073 1998: 21,943 Group Arizona Income Year 1980: 20,016 1981: 18,448 1982: 16,630 1983: 11,552 1984*c: 16,172 1985: 18,211 1986: 13,490 1987: 18,435 1988: 21,433 1989: 23,073 1990: 18,839 1991: 26,991 1992: 14,021 1993*c: 13,950 1994: 21,675 1995: 23,102 1996: 18,669 1997: 16,199 1998: 20,800 Group Arkansas Income Year 1980: 12,396 1981: 11,629 1982: 10,721 1983: 10,029 1984*c: 14,799 1985: 11,354 1986: 12,455 1987: 10,627 1988: 12,123 1989: 13,943 1990: 11,282 1991: 14,608 1992: 10,530 1993*c: 14,463 1994: 10,640 1995: 13,396 1996: 9,791 1997: 12,186 1998: 12,126 Group California Income Year 1980: 14,650 1981: 14,758 1982: 16,352 1983: 15,957 1984*c: 15,822 1985: 18,937 1986: 15,774 1987: 21,443 1988: 17,193 1989: 16,890 1990: 16,090 1991: 18,455 1992: 17,007 1993*c: 16,990 1994: 17,496 1995: 14,452 1996: 14,331 1997: 15,896 1998: 17,392 Group Colorado Income Year 1980: 12,462 1981: 21,980 1982: 15,050 1983: 14,298 1984*c: 17,210 1985: 25,281 1986: 31,109 1987: 16,839 1988: 12,421 1989: 10,690 1990: 21,144 1991: 15,080 1992: 15,611 1993*c: 22,143 1994: 15,249 1995: 20,285 1996: 21,488 1997: 12,660 1998: 20,656 Group Connecticut Income Year 1980: 26,538 1981: 25,773 1982: 26,331 1983: 22,567 1984*c: 13,332 1985: 25,784 1986: 27,792 1987: 28,857 1988: 44,055 1989: 38,142 1990: 20,192 1991: 33,707 1992: 22,826 1993*c: 18,250 1994: 24,887 1995: 22,206 1996: 23,998 1997: 14,544 1998: 12,774 Group Delaware Income Year 1980: 14,607 1981: 21,015 1982: 20,970 1983: 18,124 1984*c: 15,703 1985: 12,483 1986: 15,623 1987: 15,616 1988: 21,815 1989: 21,698 1990: 17,798 1991: 25,730 1992: 23,943 1993*c: 12,692 1994: 15,441 1995: 12,720 1996: 23,266 1997: 13,931 1998: 24,755 Group DC Income Year 1980: 8,518 1981: 7,880 1982: 11,043 1983: 13,907 1984*c: 10,297 1985: 15,190 1986: 9,214 1987: 23,207 1988: 16,075 1989: 17,187 1990: 12,332 1991: 19,452 1992: 13,347 1993*c: 12,954 1994: 6,817 1995: 10,699 1996: 8,813 1997: 15,158 1998: 12,912 Group Florida Income Year 1980: 13,234 1981: 13,842 1982: 15,542 1983: 15,954 1984*c: 15,689 1985: 15,056 1986: 14,872 1987: 19,945 1988: 16,120 1989: 19,626 1990: 16,389 1991: 16,527 1992: 13,932 1993*c: 17,039 1994: 13,779 1995: 14,717 1996: 14,137 1997: 14,567 1998: 18,205 Group Georgia Income Year 1980: 16,175 1981: 11,467 1982: 9,006 1983: 11,093 1984*c: 11,809 1985: 15,076 1986: 12,806 1987: 16,986 1988: 14,408 1989: 17,788 1990: 13,096 1991: 9,751 1992: 18,238 1993*c: 10,082 1994: 13,979 1995: 14,826 1996: 9,968 1997: 15,075 1998: 18,777 Group Hawaii Income Year 1980: 16,111 1981: 11,788 1982: 15,715 1983: 18,161 1984*c: 19,974 1985: 19,576 1986: 19,082 1987: 20,616 1988: 15,559 1989: 17,602 1990: 23,352 1991: 20,639 1992: 24,558 1993*c: 21,104 1994: 23,219 1995: 24,791 1996: 17,617 1997: 16,589 1998: 19,945 Group Idaho Income Year 1980: 16,994 1981: 18,733 1982: 13,514 1983: 13,474 1984*c: 17,000 1985: 19,774 1986: 12,224 1987: 11,851 1988: 18,339 1989: 20,798 1990: 13,393 1991: 14,386 1992: 13,781 1993*c: 20,643 1994: 17,630 1995: 17,970 1996: 19,861 1997: 15,206 1998: 19,092 Group Illinois Income Year 1980: 19,574 1981: 20,047 1982: 19,932 1983: 14,440 1984*c: 9,733 1985: 18,398 1986: 20,771 1987: 17,563 1988: 19,162 1989: 19,179 1990: 21,202 1991: 15,596 1992: 12,771 1993*c: 14,158 1994: 22,931 1995: 11,099 1996: 15,957 1997: 15,351 1998: 16,109 Group Indiana Income Year 1980: 18,216 1981: 12,569 1982: 16,862 1983: 13,093 1984*c: 15,249 1985: 17,341 1986: 15,581 1987: 11,910 1988: 18,606 1989: 11,015 1990: 15,530 1991: 17,825 1992: 21,865 1993*c: 14,633 1994: 12,327 1995: 16,112 1996: 16,242 1997: 18,415 1998: 11,725 Group Iowa Income Year 1980: 20,982 1981: 14,251 1982: 13,574 1983: 13,888 1984*c: 14,719 1985: 14,725 1986: 13,150 1987: 19,486 1988: 18,544 1989: 14,549 1990: 21,603 1991: 19,337 1992: 17,881 1993*c: 14,092 1994: 13,302 1995: 13,503 1996: 19,799 1997: 16,998 1998: 17,465 Group Kansas Income Year 1980: 17,072 1981: 11,388 1982: 17,260 1983: 22,329 1984*c: 21,377 1985: 13,099 1986: 21,409 1987: 15,017 1988: 25,089 1989: 23,280 1990: 19,236 1991: 11,660 1992: 16,818 1993*c: 12,762 1994: 14,006 1995: 13,670 1996: 15,867 1997: 14,599 1998: 21,252 Group Kentucky Income Year 1980: 13,457 1981: 11,658 1982: 12,512 1983: 15,187 1984*c: 12,644 1985: 10,595 1986: 16,300 1987: 15,148 1988: 12,969 1989: 11,656 1990: 11,377 1991: 10,829 1992: 10,529 1993*c: 8,592 1994: 11,230 1995: 12,088 1996: 7,561 1997: 10,074 1998: 15,832 Group Louisiana Income Year 1980: 11,879 1981: 11,509 1982: 10,969 1983: 9,471 1984*c: 10,709 1985: 14,151 1986: 9,549 1987: 10,103 1988: 11,496 1989: 13,960 1990: 13,993 1991: 13,162 1992: 10,086 1993*c: 13,264 1994: 10,795 1995: 15,655 1996: 10,600 1997: 9,314 1998: 14,604 Group Maine Income Year 1980: 14,678 1981: 10,562 1982: 13,139 1983: 15,520 1984*c: 20,284 1985: 10,604 1986: 17,895 1987: 20,947 1988: 15,487 1989: 10,518 1990: 20,184 1991: 16,094 1992: 15,941 1993*c: 10,743 1994: 13,886 1995: 11,322 1996: 13,281 1997: 17,415 1998: 19,648 Group Maryland Income Year 1980: 21,761 1981: 11,839 1982: 12,394 1983: 21,968 1984*c: 19,325 1985: 18,688 1986: 14,933 1987: 20,015 1988: 20,970 1989: 21,456 1990: 26,241 1991: 26,352 1992: 29,881 1993*c: 21,961 1994: 19,288 1995: 15,433 1996: 19,793 1997: 22,260 1998: 10,681 Group Massachusetts Income Year 1980: 16,295 1981: 20,710 1982: 15,425 1983: 14,174 1984*c: 20,224 1985: 21,081 1986: 23,679 1987: 24,297 1988: 21,955 1989: 22,340 1990: 20,888 1991: 19,463 1992: 21,604 1993*c: 20,605 1994: 19,113 1995: 14,830 1996: 13,503 1997: 16,627 1998: 14,400 Group Michigan Income Year 1980: 15,728 1981: 18,691 1982: 15,784 1983: 16,951 1984*c: 13,513 1985: 18,518 1986: 19,636 1987: 19,282 1988: 17,655 1989: 16,164 1990: 10,583 1991: 14,957 1992: 11,970 1993*c: 11,188 1994: 19,446 1995: 17,916 1996: 16,008 1997: 15,080 1998: 10,990 Group Minnesota Income Year 1980: 16,516 1981: 13,603 1982: 18,301 1983: 20,133 1984*c: 16,242 1985: 18,331 1986: 25,170 1987: 27,809 1988: 16,430 1989: 24,583 1990: 17,947 1991: 21,001 1992: 22,084 1993*c: 17,548 1994: 16,235 1995: 16,863 1996: 16,312 1997: 34,458 1998: 30,397 Group Mississippi Income Year 1980: 11,421 1981: 14,380 1982: 11,910 1983: 9,071 1984*c: 12,562 1985: 8,456 1986: 8,787 1987: 11,098 1988: 12,330 1989: 10,242 1990: 8,956 1991: 10,207 1992: 14,846 1993*c: 11,167 1994: 15,211 1995: 19,737 1996: 10,832 1997: 16,378 1998: 12,449 Group Missouri Income Year 1980: 11,323 1981: 13,452 1982: 11,900 1983: 12,846 1984*c: 11,334 1985: 14,583 1986: 11,925 1987: 13,641 1988: 14,172 1989: 19,015 1990: 11,000 1991: 14,361 1992: 19,211 1993*c: 11,202 1994: 10,640 1995: 13,190 1996: 16,809 1997: 16,790 1998: 14,314 Group Montana Income Year 1980: 18,222 1981: 18,256 1982: 13,608 1983: 13,733 1984*c: 11,132 1985: 10,860 1986: 17,252 1987: 16,226 1988: 15,783 1989: 13,581 1990: 15,565 1991: 18,291 1992: 18,653 1993*c: 13,489 1994: 20,579 1995: 21,100 1996: 19,601 1997: 14,951 1998: 15,071 Group Nebraska Income Year 1980: 16,335 1981: 16,306 1982: 17,655 1983: 14,061 1984*c: 16,707 1985: 15,429 1986: 16,310 1987: 12,064 1988: 11,022 1989: 21,441 1990: 15,019 1991: 15,905 1992: 13,148 1993*c: 13,560 1994: 19,649 1995: 20,559 1996: 16,308 1997: 18,005 1998: 10,940 Group Nevada Income Year 1980: 20,199 1981: 23,659 1982: 26,638 1983: 27,790 1984*c: 21,216 1985: 23,633 1986: 23,140 1987: 23,963 1988: 16,223 1989: 17,690 1990: 13,789 1991: 17,094 1992: 18,089 1993*c: 28,138 1994: 21,844 1995: 22,461 1996: 26,444 1997: 19,278 1998: 17,236 Group New Hampshire Income Year 1980: 20,200 1981: 20,794 1982: 12,914 1983: 17,009 1984*c: 19,805 1985: 13,919 1986: 21,214 1987: 29,019 1988: 19,310 1989: 20,718 1990: 26,775 1991: 23,388 1992: 22,865 1993*c: 22,071 1994: 17,392 1995: 15,100 1996: 24,267 1997: 21,864 1998: 28,286 Group New Jersey Income Year 1980: 16,123 1981: 19,566 1982: 18,905 1983: 14,734 1984*c: 17,774 1985: 20,165 1986: 20,064 1987: 20,556 1988: 23,069 1989: 18,825 1990: 22,942 1991: 22,978 1992: 26,200 1993*c: 24,095 1994: 19,334 1995: 19,920 1996: 24,351 1997: 22,867 1998: 17,489 Group New Mexico Income Year 1980: 11,502 1981: 14,867 1982: 13,193 1983: 7,878 1984*c: 13,592 1985: 11,153 1986: 10,711 1987: 14,276 1988: 8,620 1989: 11,549 1990: 10,913 1991: 13,131 1992: 12,321 1993*c: 10,774 1994: 11,148 1995: 13,370 1996: 9,344 1997: 12,423 1998: 14,671 Group New York Income Year 1980: 10,203 1981: 15,001 1982: 12,126 1983: 11,975 1984*c: 13,552 1985: 12,654 1986: 14,872 1987: 15,750 1988: 18,387 1989: 16,109 1990: 13,394 1991: 16,786 1992: 15,691 1993*c: 16,178 1994: 13,395 1995: 17,223 1996: 17,417 1997: 16,324 1998: 13,380 Group North Carolina Income Year 1980: 12,033 1981: 12,238 1982: 12,086 1983: 14,908 1984*c: 13,968 1985: 13,040 1986: 15,866 1987: 15,741 1988: 17,053 1989: 15,494 1990: 15,379 1991: 17,786 1992: 16,513 1993*c: 13,126 1994: 13,748 1995: 17,031 1996: 15,887 1997: 15,835 1998: 14,117 Group North Dakota Income Year 1980: 17,251 1981: 20,374 1982: 13,312 1983: 11,365 1984*c: 13,312 1985: 20,162 1986: 19,022 1987: 18,941 1988: 21,350 1989: 17,487 1990: 16,856 1991: 17,331 1992: 14,952 1993*c: 19,162 1994: 14,626 1995: 12,834 1996: 21,369 1997: 16,176 1998: 28,003 Group Ohio Income Year 1980: 14,555 1981: 14,042 1982: 13,948 1983: 13,500 1984*c: 15,895 1985: 18,668 1986: 13,180 1987: 18,257 1988: 16,231 1989: 17,329 1990: 18,678 1991: 15,092 1992: 16,322 1993*c: 13,059 1994: 11,658 1995: 14,346 1996: 13,510 1997: 13,386 1998: 14,760 Group Oklahoma Income Year 1980: 14,167 1981: 12,734 1982: 11,781 1983: 13,626 1984*c: 12,048 1985: 15,904 1986: 13,520 1987: 11,095 1988: 12,373 1989: 13,293 1990: 13,317 1991: 13,247 1992: 15,612 1993*c: 14,829 1994: 14,070 1995: 11,091 1996: 12,584 1997: 12,721 1998: 11,037 Group Oregon Income Year 1980: 14,409 1981: 20,065 1982: 14,611 1983: 16,367 1984*c: 13,896 1985: 15,470 1986: 15,469 1987: 13,834 1988: 16,949 1989: 18,446 1990: 21,602 1991: 24,396 1992: 15,841 1993*c: 14,926 1994: 13,776 1995: 18,794 1996: 19,131 1997: 20,825 1998: 17,854 Group Pennsylvania Income Year 1980: 13,118 1981: 14,782 1982: 14,601 1983: 11,481 1984*c: 12,269 1985: 13,570 1986: 15,015 1987: 18,669 1988: 15,532 1989: 15,808 1990: 18,025 1991: 18,651 1992: 17,396 1993*c: 17,867 1994: 13,623 1995: 14,827 1996: 13,820 1997: 13,530 1998: 16,025 Group Rhode Island Income Year 1980: 17,211 1981: 14,018 1982: 10,372 1983: 16,483 1984*c: 14,590 1985: 19,400 1986: 19,433 1987: 21,093 1988: 16,418 1989: 16,819 1990: 16,864 1991: 18,369 1992: 13,710 1993*c: 16,667 1994: 18,438 1995: 16,199 1996: 18,149 1997: 11,951 1998: 14,771 Group South Carolina Income Year 1980: 11,869 1981: 11,718 1982: 9,950 1983: 12,170 1984*c: 10,041 1985: 12,227 1986: 12,846 1987: 12,186 1988: 12,427 1989: 11,661 1990: 10,419 1991: 9,630 1992: 11,470 1993*c: 11,977 1994: 11,430 1995: 17,781 1996: 9,350 1997: 15,244 1998: 15,262 Group South Dakota Income Year 1980: 14,540 1981: 13,856 1982: 12,812 1983: 11,086 1984*c: 18,814 1985: 15,844 1986: 16,931 1987: 14,229 1988: 18,706 1989: 23,206 1990: 13,228 1991: 18,833 1992: 19,635 1993*c: 16,179 1994: 16,021 1995: 17,495 1996: 12,685 1997: 15,511 1998: 13,485 Group Tennessee Income Year 1980: 13,599 1981: 14,601 1982: 11,971 1983: 13,175 1984*c: 10,364 1985: 8,919 1986: 8,636 1987: 10,461 1988: 10,841 1989: 11,069 1990: 8,955 1991: 12,205 1992: 11,307 1993*c: 9,706 1994: 10,240 1995: 13,904 1996: 16,326 1997: 12,113 1998: 13,911 Group Texas Income Year 1980: 14,994 1981: 15,370 1982: 13,694 1983: 15,036 1984*c: 16,340 1985: 12,054 1986: 11,938 1987: 12,612 1988: 14,709 1989: 12,783 1990: 15,045 1991: 13,584 1992: 13,063 1993*c: 12,603 1994: 13,013 1995: 13,426 1996: 18,277 1997: 13,307 1998: 15,597 Group Utah Income Year 1980: 18,581 1981: 17,117 1982: 13,024 1983: 22,845 1984*c: 20,395 1985: 13,749 1986: 16,675 1987: 14,127 1988: 18,152 1989: 18,391 1990: 18,615 1991: 11,603 1992: 23,375 1993*c: 17,106 1994: 17,703 1995: 18,000 1996: 19,229 1997: 26,457 1998: 33,453 Group Vermont Income Year 1980: 17,193 1981: 14,421 1982: 12,200 1983: 10,738 1984*c: 20,308 1985: 16,889 1986: 22,320 1987: 16,721 1988: 19,104 1989: 15,989 1990: 21,841 1991: 16,227 1992: 16,308 1993*c: 16,075 1994: 14,078 1995: 15,030 1996: 16,406 1997: 15,382 1998: 11,984 Group Virginia Income Year 1980: 14,691 1981: 18,523 1982: 12,783 1983: 19,493 1984*c: 12,551 1985: 10,197 1986: 14,900 1987: 17,650 1988: 21,433 1989: 16,080 1990: 18,313 1991: 15,813 1992: 16,303 1993*c: 13,536 1994: 17,983 1995: 12,976 1996: 10,938 1997: 10,252 1998: 20,071 Group Washington Income Year 1980: 15,390 1981: 14,981 1982: 16,175 1983: 14,978 1984*c: 16,948 1985: 20,623 1986: 18,921 1987: 19,228 1988: 23,740 1989: 21,953 1990: 18,774 1991: 25,338 1992: 22,740 1993*c: 20,467 1994: 17,675 1995: 18,466 1996: 21,560 1997: 25,541 1998: 22,616 Group West Virginia Income Year 1980: 15,180 1981: 11,869 1982: 12,823 1983: 12,810 1984*c: 13,402 1985: 10,110 1986: 13,691 1987: 9,132 1988: 11,839 1989: 10,796 1990: 11,530 1991: 11,170 1992: 10,930 1993*c: 11,288 1994: 9,007 1995: 10,418 1996: 9,118 1997: 11,155 1998: 13,689 Group Wisconsin Income Year 1980: 12,450 1981: 15,433 1982: 14,484 1983: 14,426 1984*c: 16,529 1985: 11,764 1986: 10,222 1987: 17,655 1988: 22,498 1989: 19,587 1990: 24,519 1991: 15,279 1992: 18,246 1993*c: 18,537 1994: 21,423 1995: 21,658 1996: 13,505 1997: 21,631 1998: 22,307 Group Wyoming Income Year 1980: 21,696 1981: 19,182 1982: 20,971 1983: 22,914 1984*c: 14,787 1985: 15,274 1986: 16,288 1987: 12,499 1988: 19,105 1989: 21,093 1990: 19,931 1991: 16,222 1992: 18,667 1993*c: 11,562 1994: 12,456 1995: 18,182 1996: 18,677 1997: 14,649 1998: 17,529 Source: Author's calculations using the March Current Population Survey, 1981 through 1999. a. Persons with a disability are defined as those who report having (or are reported by the household's respondent as having), at the time of the survey, "a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do." b. The unit of the analysis is the individual not the household. Individuals are assumed to receive an equal share of their household's size-adjusted income. Size-adjusted income is household income by dividing income by the square root of household size. The CPS collect income for the year prior to the survey, the "income year". Income is before taxes but after public cash transfers. Negative sources of income are converted to zero. All dollar amounts are in 1998 dollars. c. In April of survey year 1984, sample weights based on the 1970 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1980 Census and the sample design was changed to increase the accuracy of state estimates. In survey year 1994, there were several changes in the CPS. It moved fully to computer-assisted survey interviews. Sample weights based on the 1980 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1990 Census. The Monthly Basic Survey was revised, and three new disability questions were added. It is possible that these changes affected the measurement of the population with a disability either through changes in the sample weights or in the way respondents answered disability questions. Appendix Table 1c. Median Household Size-Adjusted Income of Non- Institutionalized Civilian Women without a Disability Aged 25 Through 61 for the United States, and for Each State and the District of Columbia, Income Years 1980 through 1998 (in thousands)*a,*b Group United States Income Year 1980: 25,350 1981: 24,858 1982: 24,486 1983: 25,031 1984*c: 25,894 1985: 26,512 1986: 27,245 1987: 28,457 1988: 28,654 1989: 28,870 1990: 28,137 1991: 27,939 1992: 27,908 1993*c: 27,575 1994: 28,068 1995: 28,243 1996: 28,765 1997: 29,619 1998: 30,413 Group Alabama Income Year 1980: 21,031 1981: 20,160 1982: 21,114 1983: 21,784 1984*c: 20,417 1985: 20,991 1986: 20,552 1987: 21,519 1988: 21,433 1989: 21,657 1990: 22,022 1991: 24,003 1992: 21,689 1993*c: 22,701 1994: 25,641 1995: 23,152 1996: 26,284 1997: 25,795 1998: 28,846 Group Alaska Income Year 1980: 33,857 1981: 31,872 1982: 31,090 1983: 33,416 1984*c: 35,842 1985: 34,502 1986: 33,521 1987: 35,399 1988: 33,723 1989: 35,675 1990: 34,394 1991: 35,670 1992: 33,479 1993*c: 35,749 1994: 35,159 1995: 33,307 1996: 36,524 1997: 32,171 1998: 35,024 Group Arizona Income Year 1980: 25,684 1981: 25,462 1982: 25,267 1983: 24,020 1984*c: 23,575 1985: 25,583 1986: 25,979 1987: 28,085 1988: 28,245 1989: 27,043 1990: 27,916 1991: 27,465 1992: 25,109 1993*c: 25,507 1994: 25,558 1995: 25,035 1996: 24,263 1997: 24,772 1998: 28,335 Group Arkansas Income Year 1980: 19,683 1981: 18,786 1982: 18,731 1983: 17,533 1984*c: 17,246 1985: 20,673 1986: 20,012 1987: 19,623 1988: 21,122 1989: 22,033 1990: 21,888 1991: 20,943 1992: 23,423 1993*c: 20,532 1994: 23,458 1995: 23,592 1996: 21,285 1997: 20,311 1998: 23,221 Group California Income Year 1980: 28,271 1981: 26,925 1982: 27,154 1983: 27,641 1984*c: 28,160 1985: 28,954 1986: 30,648 1987: 30,913 1988: 29,661 1989: 31,298 1990: 30,575 1991: 30,110 1992: 29,736 1993*c: 28,791 1994: 29,517 1995: 29,701 1996: 29,826 1997: 29,902 1998: 30,000 Group Colorado Income Year 1980: 27,695 1981: 27,609 1982: 28,051 1983: 28,817 1984*c: 29,620 1985: 30,109 1986: 31,083 1987: 30,851 1988: 29,406 1989: 30,406 1990: 30,095 1991: 30,419 1992: 29,843 1993*c: 30,820 1994: 31,672 1995: 32,016 1996: 31,565 1997: 33,513 1998: 35,532 Group Connecticut Income Year 1980: 28,042 1981: 28,887 1982: 31,625 1983: 32,897 1984*c: 33,103 1985: 33,631 1986: 34,801 1987: 35,603 1988: 36,779 1989: 42,112 1990: 37,789 1991: 35,506 1992: 33,163 1993*c: 34,975 1994: 35,775 1995: 34,103 1996: 35,632 1997: 39,523 1998: 37,580 Group Delaware Income Year 1980: 27,577 1981: 27,075 1982: 27,724 1983: 26,358 1984*c: 26,492 1985: 26,566 1986: 28,971 1987: 29,526 1988: 32,513 1989: 31,550 1990: 28,783 1991: 28,054 1992: 30,875 1993*c: 30,469 1994: 30,796 1995: 28,833 1996: 30,750 1997: 31,428 1998: 30,420 Group DC Income Year 1980: 25,839 1981: 24,468 1982: 27,027 1983: 25,803 1984*c: 24,628 1985: 28,256 1986: 31,234 1987: 33,434 1988: 31,731 1989: 31,287 1990: 27,229 1991: 29,934 1992: 31,279 1993*c: 25,906 1994: 27,971 1995: 29,151 1996: 31,455 1997: 27,902 1998: 34,661 Group Florida Income Year 1980: 21,410 1981: 21,678 1982: 21,115 1983: 22,222 1984*c: 22,670 1985: 24,239 1986: 26,089 1987: 26,331 1988: 27,046 1989: 25,962 1990: 25,781 1991: 26,646 1992: 26,290 1993*c: 24,866 1994: 26,035 1995: 25,134 1996: 25,023 1997: 27,155 1998: 28,991 Group Georgia Income Year 1980: 25,717 1981: 24,136 1982: 22,179 1983: 22,913 1984*c: 25,455 1985: 25,299 1986: 27,043 1987: 29,969 1988: 27,909 1989: 27,323 1990: 25,798 1991: 26,947 1992: 27,653 1993*c: 28,656 1994: 25,400 1995: 26,473 1996: 27,440 1997: 28,488 1998: 28,611 Group Hawaii Income Year 1980: 28,487 1981: 27,288 1982: 26,858 1983: 26,879 1984*c: 29,065 1985: 29,038 1986: 28,629 1987: 33,180 1988: 31,907 1989: 33,178 1990: 36,609 1991: 31,115 1992: 35,613 1993*c: 33,020 1994: 30,599 1995: 32,473 1996: 31,757 1997: 31,779 1998: 34,257 Group Idaho Income Year 1980: 21,879 1981: 21,363 1982: 21,020 1983: 21,260 1984*c: 22,351 1985: 21,307 1986: 19,981 1987: 21,917 1988: 22,809 1989: 22,171 1990: 21,603 1991: 22,173 1992: 23,329 1993*c: 25,128 1994: 26,359 1995: 26,070 1996: 25,088 1997: 25,450 1998: 27,615 Group Illinois Income Year 1980: 28,354 1981: 27,897 1982: 28,586 1983: 27,619 1984*c: 27,237 1985: 27,392 1986: 29,133 1987: 30,064 1988: 30,216 1989: 30,629 1990: 30,556 1991: 29,495 1992: 28,664 1993*c: 28,275 1994: 30,832 1995: 30,874 1996: 31,528 1997: 31,596 1998: 32,360 Group Indiana Income Year 1980: 23,798 1981: 21,978 1982: 21,983 1983: 23,493 1984*c: 25,834 1985: 24,392 1986: 24,933 1987: 23,774 1988: 27,279 1989: 26,263 1990: 25,318 1991: 25,387 1992: 25,151 1993*c: 25,415 1994: 26,048 1995: 25,843 1996: 28,293 1997: 28,941 1998: 29,500 Group Iowa Income Year 1980: 24,793 1981: 24,344 1982: 24,486 1983: 23,358 1984*c: 23,969 1985: 22,844 1986: 23,030 1987: 24,465 1988: 23,882 1989: 24,287 1990: 24,736 1991: 25,766 1992: 25,153 1993*c: 26,340 1994: 28,789 1995: 29,465 1996: 25,710 1997: 27,572 1998: 27,577 Group Kansas Income Year 1980: 27,219 1981: 25,368 1982: 24,385 1983: 25,589 1984*c: 26,603 1985: 27,212 1986: 25,598 1987: 27,265 1988: 28,635 1989: 28,789 1990: 28,485 1991: 26,753 1992: 27,884 1993*c: 28,017 1994: 26,287 1995: 27,037 1996: 27,581 1997: 29,585 1998: 29,503 Group Kentucky Income Year 1980: 23,031 1981: 20,705 1982: 22,983 1983: 21,407 1984*c: 19,034 1985: 20,560 1986: 21,754 1987: 23,260 1988: 23,560 1989: 24,325 1990: 24,993 1991: 23,576 1992: 23,730 1993*c: 24,201 1994: 23,643 1995: 23,529 1996: 28,257 1997: 28,729 1998: 27,930 Group Louisiana Income Year 1980: 22,153 1981: 22,417 1982: 22,246 1983: 23,011 1984*c: 21,385 1985: 22,973 1986: 23,183 1987: 25,377 1988: 20,291 1989: 23,642 1990: 23,034 1991: 22,927 1992: 22,182 1993*c: 21,433 1994: 22,165 1995: 23,968 1996: 23,697 1997: 24,339 1998: 25,050 Group Maine Income Year 1980: 22,157 1981: 20,413 1982: 21,377 1983: 21,641 1984*c: 23,501 1985: 24,461 1986: 24,557 1987: 24,567 1988: 27,512 1989: 26,160 1990: 26,931 1991: 26,436 1992: 24,208 1993*c: 25,543 1994: 26,263 1995: 27,139 1996: 29,296 1997: 26,971 1998: 29,069 Group Maryland Income Year 1980: 29,442 1981: 28,044 1982: 28,744 1983: 31,321 1984*c: 32,640 1985: 32,116 1986: 31,110 1987: 34,730 1988: 35,898 1989: 36,959 1990: 36,872 1991: 33,512 1992: 34,033 1993*c: 32,065 1994: 33,213 1995: 32,166 1996: 33,771 1997: 36,104 1998: 38,939 Group Massachusetts Income Year 1980: 26,706 1981: 28,473 1982: 27,827 1983: 28,711 1984*c: 29,941 1985: 32,321 1986: 32,867 1987: 35,513 1988: 35,911 1989: 37,991 1990: 35,893 1991: 33,946 1992: 34,270 1993*c: 33,768 1994: 34,951 1995: 34,062 1996: 33,938 1997: 34,933 1998: 35,961 Group Michigan Income Year 1980: 26,390 1981: 26,903 1982: 24,510 1983: 25,246 1984*c: 27,153 1985: 27,533 1986: 29,635 1987: 31,007 1988: 30,427 1989: 29,585 1990: 28,942 1991: 29,100 1992: 29,589 1993*c: 28,526 1994: 30,061 1995: 31,185 1996: 30,926 1997: 32,073 1998: 32,534 Group Minnesota Income Year 1980: 27,149 1981: 25,820 1982: 24,703 1983: 26,810 1984*c: 28,295 1985: 27,716 1986: 29,747 1987: 30,923 1988: 28,075 1989: 29,709 1990: 28,691 1991: 28,939 1992: 30,462 1993*c: 31,103 1994: 30,246 1995: 32,721 1996: 32,597 1997: 34,900 1998: 35,361 Group Mississippi Income Year 1980: 18,645 1981: 19,726 1982: 20,341 1983: 18,085 1984*c: 18,356 1985: 18,970 1986: 18,664 1987: 20,089 1988: 21,566 1989: 22,085 1990: 18,440 1991: 19,301 1992: 18,488 1993*c: 19,354 1994: 20,999 1995: 20,758 1996: 19,738 1997: 21,891 1998: 21,920 Group Missouri Income Year 1980: 24,556 1981: 24,518 1982: 23,041 1983: 22,266 1984*c: 23,960 1985: 24,098 1986: 26,599 1987: 27,607 1988: 28,681 1989: 28,066 1990: 26,316 1991: 27,577 1992: 26,782 1993*c: 26,976 1994: 27,084 1995: 26,471 1996: 28,838 1997: 29,113 1998: 30,244 Group Montana Income Year 1980: 24,730 1981: 23,555 1982: 20,752 1983: 21,526 1984*c: 22,677 1985: 23,723 1986: 22,900 1987: 22,323 1988: 22,989 1989: 22,646 1990: 22,194 1991: 22,985 1992: 22,642 1993*c: 24,265 1994: 24,741 1995: 23,921 1996: 23,053 1997: 23,466 1998: 24,300 Group Nebraska Income Year 1980: 25,559 1981: 23,336 1982: 21,959 1983: 21,686 1984*c: 24,369 1985: 23,481 1986: 24,289 1987: 25,669 1988: 25,513 1989: 26,498 1990: 26,180 1991: 25,319 1992: 25,163 1993*c: 25,595 1994: 25,432 1995: 27,018 1996: 26,424 1997: 29,319 1998: 28,520 Group Nevada Income Year 1980: 26,311 1981: 25,881 1982: 26,636 1983: 28,197 1984*c: 26,850 1985: 24,563 1986: 26,801 1987: 26,661 1988: 28,740 1989: 28,362 1990: 29,014 1991: 30,012 1992: 26,674 1993*c: 30,008 1994: 28,982 1995: 29,947 1996: 30,683 1997: 29,745 1998: 29,240 Group New Hampshire Income Year 1980: 25,807 1981: 25,363 1982: 25,591 1983: 25,388 1984*c: 27,391 1985: 28,273 1986: 32,479 1987: 32,728 1988: 34,997 1989: 35,160 1990: 36,933 1991: 33,182 1992: 31,486 1993*c: 29,588 1994: 32,011 1995: 32,575 1996: 31,041 1997: 33,564 1998: 32,500 Group New Jersey Income Year 1980: 27,695 1981: 28,901 1982: 28,083 1983: 30,200 1984*c: 31,719 1985: 32,351 1986: 34,002 1987: 34,904 1988: 37,231 1989: 37,163 1990: 35,732 1991: 36,654 1992: 34,530 1993*c: 34,068 1994: 34,322 1995: 34,879 1996: 35,158 1997: 36,838 1998: 37,429 Group New Mexico Income Year 1980: 21,853 1981: 21,533 1982: 19,359 1983: 22,095 1984*c: 22,070 1985: 22,432 1986: 20,654 1987: 20,463 1988: 19,047 1989: 22,001 1990: 21,826 1991: 24,549 1992: 24,226 1993*c: 23,594 1994: 22,597 1995: 21,072 1996: 19,521 1997: 22,382 1998: 23,384 Group New York Income Year 1980: 25,784 1981: 24,749 1982: 24,128 1983: 25,867 1984*c: 26,671 1985: 26,830 1986: 28,315 1987: 29,117 1988: 31,000 1989: 31,056 1990: 29,869 1991: 29,865 1992: 29,089 1993*c: 27,162 1994: 28,368 1995: 28,243 1996: 27,980 1997: 30,473 1998: 30,065 Group North Carolina Income Year 1980: 23,380 1981: 21,264 1982: 20,480 1983: 23,527 1984*c: 24,456 1985: 24,286 1986: 24,798 1987: 25,833 1988: 27,142 1989: 26,587 1990: 26,077 1991: 25,138 1992: 26,405 1993*c: 26,400 1994: 26,839 1995: 28,099 1996: 29,296 1997: 27,927 1998: 28,764 Group North Dakota Income Year 1980: 22,451 1981: 22,786 1982: 23,012 1983: 22,395 1984*c: 22,038 1985: 22,871 1986: 23,424 1987: 22,865 1988: 24,421 1989: 24,273 1990: 23,796 1991: 22,559 1992: 23,521 1993*c: 23,990 1994: 25,332 1995: 25,161 1996: 25,820 1997: 24,474 1998: 26,924 Group Ohio Income Year 1980: 26,212 1981: 25,561 1982: 25,338 1983: 24,757 1984*c: 26,077 1985: 26,780 1986: 27,342 1987: 27,981 1988: 27,709 1989: 29,578 1990: 28,311 1991: 27,365 1992: 27,538 1993*c: 28,212 1994: 27,497 1995: 29,408 1996: 29,629 1997: 30,618 1998: 32,626 Group Oklahoma Income Year 1980: 24,444 1981: 24,569 1982: 24,381 1983: 24,550 1984*c: 25,286 1985: 23,821 1986: 23,556 1987: 25,682 1988: 26,214 1989: 24,486 1990: 22,966 1991: 25,251 1992: 24,149 1993*c: 22,469 1994: 23,826 1995: 25,254 1996: 22,772 1997: 24,748 1998: 28,163 Group Oregon Income Year 1980: 25,973 1981: 25,832 1982: 25,533 1983: 25,319 1984*c: 25,083 1985: 25,277 1986: 23,805 1987: 27,601 1988: 30,165 1989: 29,136 1990: 28,236 1991: 26,239 1992: 29,360 1993*c: 27,877 1994: 27,541 1995: 28,018 1996: 28,652 1997: 29,443 1998: 30,580 Group Pennsylvania Income Year 1980: 25,124 1981: 24,136 1982: 23,226 1983: 24,090 1984*c: 23,925 1985: 26,530 1986: 26,480 1987: 27,893 1988: 27,544 1989: 28,383 1990: 27,736 1991: 27,696 1992: 28,041 1993*c: 28,342 1994: 29,416 1995: 28,651 1996: 30,282 1997: 30,160 1998: 30,679 Group Rhode Island Income Year 1980: 24,431 1981: 23,729 1982: 24,711 1983: 25,810 1984*c: 27,523 1985: 28,241 1986: 29,479 1987: 31,878 1988: 32,637 1989: 30,890 1990: 33,188 1991: 31,894 1992: 29,072 1993*c: 29,713 1994: 28,414 1995: 27,305 1996: 30,499 1997: 35,803 1998: 35,355 Group South Carolina Income Year 1980: 18,794 1981: 19,173 1982: 17,568 1983: 19,067 1984*c: 22,801 1985: 23,519 1986: 23,767 1987: 25,848 1988: 26,936 1989: 23,670 1990: 24,058 1991: 24,832 1992: 23,249 1993*c: 22,786 1994: 26,035 1995: 24,813 1996: 26,765 1997: 26,391 1998: 26,558 Group South Dakota Income Year 1980: 20,982 1981: 19,669 1982: 20,497 1983: 19,674 1984*c: 20,810 1985: 20,135 1986: 20,693 1987: 22,076 1988: 23,371 1989: 23,120 1990: 22,366 1991: 22,745 1992: 22,908 1993*c: 22,381 1994: 24,791 1995: 25,905 1996: 23,873 1997: 25,719 1998: 27,894 Group Tennessee Income Year 1980: 22,248 1981: 21,633 1982: 21,118 1983: 20,462 1984*c: 22,187 1985: 20,919 1986: 21,084 1987: 23,676 1988: 23,629 1989: 23,312 1990: 21,710 1991: 23,948 1992: 23,818 1993*c: 22,696 1994: 24,622 1995: 24,231 1996: 24,413 1997: 25,403 1998: 26,560 Group Texas Income Year 1980: 24,795 1981: 25,103 1982: 24,243 1983: 25,953 1984*c: 26,443 1985: 25,709 1986: 27,195 1987: 27,456 1988: 25,605 1989: 25,162 1990: 25,901 1991: 24,608 1992: 26,264 1993*c: 25,009 1994: 25,158 1995: 26,738 1996: 25,743 1997: 26,193 1998: 27,015 Group Utah Income Year 1980: 22,453 1981: 22,934 1982: 21,253 1983: 20,148 1984*c: 24,592 1985: 24,182 1986: 23,777 1987: 23,264 1988: 24,395 1989: 26,357 1990: 24,003 1991: 25,218 1992: 26,981 1993*c: 26,638 1994: 26,503 1995: 24,703 1996: 25,328 1997: 27,373 1998: 27,973 Group Vermont Income Year 1980: 23,171 1981: 22,392 1982: 22,723 1983: 23,102 1984*c: 25,792 1985: 29,458 1986: 25,765 1987: 28,891 1988: 33,067 1989: 29,627 1990: 31,803 1991: 29,008 1992: 26,980 1993*c: 27,353 1994: 30,861 1995: 29,068 1996: 28,248 1997: 29,451 1998: 29,884 Group Virginia Income Year 1980: 25,707 1981: 25,983 1982: 27,678 1983: 28,053 1984*c: 28,382 1985: 29,678 1986: 30,720 1987: 31,353 1988: 33,090 1989: 33,827 1990: 30,556 1991: 29,064 1992: 31,360 1993*c: 31,585 1994: 31,049 1995: 28,328 1996: 31,375 1997: 33,651 1998: 34,118 Group Washington Income Year 1980: 27,291 1981: 25,984 1982: 26,221 1983: 25,787 1984*c: 28,034 1985: 27,144 1986: 27,950 1987: 31,621 1988: 32,377 1989: 29,835 1990: 28,772 1991: 31,056 1992: 30,448 1993*c: 32,014 1994: 29,087 1995: 30,487 1996: 31,109 1997: 33,750 1998: 36,958 Group West Virginia Income Year 1980: 20,134 1981: 19,034 1982: 18,824 1983: 19,022 1984*c: 18,859 1985: 18,194 1986: 18,703 1987: 19,883 1988: 19,978 1989: 21,310 1990: 20,965 1991: 21,003 1992: 20,124 1993*c: 20,870 1994: 22,710 1995: 22,719 1996: 22,992 1997: 24,373 1998: 23,258 Group Wisconsin Income Year 1980: 26,577 1981: 25,984 1982: 26,659 1983: 24,773 1984*c: 25,020 1985: 26,094 1986: 27,440 1987: 27,508 1988: 29,140 1989: 28,200 1990: 28,970 1991: 29,381 1992: 29,344 1993*c: 29,738 1994: 29,790 1995: 30,183 1996: 31,694 1997: 31,882 1998: 32,391 Group Wyoming Income Year 1980: 27,247 1981: 27,793 1982: 26,278 1983: 25,354 1984*c: 27,666 1985: 24,250 1986: 26,034 1987: 31,012 1988: 27,230 1989: 27,834 1990: 26,147 1991: 25,387 1992: 24,886 1993*c: 23,786 1994: 27,702 1995: 27,576 1996: 25,343 1997: 25,749 1998: 26,446 Source: Author's calculations using the March Current Population Survey, 1981 through 1999. a. Persons with a disability are defined as those who report having (or are reported by the household's respondent as having), at the time of the survey, "a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do." b. The unit of the analysis is the individual not the household. Individuals are assumed to receive an equal share of their household's size-adjusted income. Size-adjusted income is household income by dividing income by the square root of household size. The CPS collect income for the year prior to the survey, the "income year". Income is before taxes but after public cash transfers. Negative sources of income are converted to zero. All dollar amounts are in 1998 dollars. c. In April of survey year 1984, sample weights based on the 1970 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1980 Census and the sample design was changed to increase the accuracy of state estimates. In survey year 1994, there were several changes in the CPS. It moved fully to computer-assisted survey interviews. Sample weights based on the 1980 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1990 Census. The Monthly Basic Survey was revised, and three new disability questions were added. It is possible that these changes affected the measurement of the population with a disability either through changes in the sample weights or in the way respondents answered disability questions. Appendix Table 1d. Median Household Size-Adjusted Income of Non- Institutionalized Civilian Women with a Disability Aged 25 Through 61 for the United States, and for Each State and the District of Columbia, Income Years 1980 through 1998 (in thousands)*a,*b Group United States Income Year 1980: 13,527 1981: 13,307 1982: 13,200 1983: 12,658 1984*c: 13,310 1985: 13,356 1986: 12,970 1987: 14,180 1988: 14,188 1989: 14,789 1990: 14,835 1991: 13,975 1992: 13,437 1993*c: 13,061 1994: 14,209 1995: 14,398 1996: 13,458 1997: 14,218 1998: 14,173 Group Alabama Income Year 1980: 10,880 1981: 12,512 1982: 7,225 1983: 9,143 1984*c: 10,850 1985: 8,495 1986: 7,504 1987: 9,327 1988: 10,548 1989: 9,465 1990: 9,532 1991: 11,317 1992: 15,999 1993*c: 13,539 1994: 9,424 1995: 8,552 1996: 9,950 1997: 9,713 1998: 10,963 Group Alaska Income Year 1980: 17,456 1981: 24,506 1982: 18,695 1983: 17,475 1984*c: 31,887 1985: 25,102 1986: 15,796 1987: 23,434 1988: 17,543 1989: 33,355 1990: 19,473 1991: 16,594 1992: 21,253 1993*c: 22,441 1994: 13,869 1995: 15,671 1996: 20,799 1997: 18,710 1998: 17,889 Group Arizona Income Year 1980: 12,720 1981: 14,074 1982: 12,826 1983: 16,085 1984*c: 14,529 1985: 16,143 1986: 16,208 1987: 20,029 1988: 19,055 1989: 25,501 1990: 17,899 1991: 15,019 1992: 10,794 1993*c: 15,104 1994: 17,467 1995: 22,258 1996: 16,168 1997: 13,716 1998: 16,225 Group Arkansas Income Year 1980: 14,072 1981: 10,891 1982: 9,787 1983: 8,456 1984*c: 8,491 1985: 8,974 1986: 11,536 1987: 8,587 1988: 10,692 1989: 9,925 1990: 8,305 1991: 14,217 1992: 8,778 1993*c: 10,254 1994: 8,885 1995: 12,072 1996: 11,506 1997: 11,449 1998: 8,630 Group California Income Year 1980: 14,518 1981: 13,667 1982: 14,798 1983: 14,476 1984*c: 15,531 1985: 16,532 1986: 16,857 1987: 16,867 1988: 16,452 1989: 18,930 1990: 18,160 1991: 16,761 1992: 18,447 1993*c: 13,561 1994: 16,690 1995: 15,437 1996: 16,829 1997: 18,966 1998: 15,433 Group Colorado Income Year 1980: 12,841 1981: 14,286 1982: 14,045 1983: 16,434 1984*c: 12,862 1985: 23,633 1986: 13,601 1987: 14,760 1988: 13,364 1989: 17,661 1990: 12,215 1991: 14,585 1992: 15,274 1993*c: 16,131 1994: 20,065 1995: 17,693 1996: 14,865 1997: 16,906 1998: 22,304 Group Connecticut Income Year 1980: 25,346 1981: 18,984 1982: 23,649 1983: 19,207 1984*c: 34,029 1985: 30,310 1986: 16,460 1987: 13,399 1988: 41,364 1989: 18,917 1990: 15,288 1991: 12,159 1992: 15,989 1993*c: 16,119 1994: 36,024 1995: 12,503 1996: 25,118 1997: 22,867 1998: 14,547 Group Delaware Income Year 1980: 13,820 1981: 17,129 1982: 16,352 1983: 19,358 1984*c: 15,331 1985: 10,923 1986: 8,415 1987: 19,055 1988: 15,017 1989: 21,263 1990: 14,970 1991: 19,391 1992: 23,003 1993*c: 13,937 1994: 14,702 1995: 17,392 1996: 16,153 1997: 17,177 1998: 17,896 Group DC Income Year 1980: 8,452 1981: 11,681 1982: 7,496 1983: 8,911 1984*c: 9,758 1985: 9,716 1986: 13,000 1987: 10,317 1988: 18,335 1989: 9,042 1990: 12,110 1991: 11,475 1992: 14,757 1993*c: 11,279 1994: 11,029 1995: 10,990 1996: 11,019 1997: 14,895 1998: 11,547 Group Florida Income Year 1980: 12,480 1981: 12,411 1982: 12,162 1983: 10,610 1984*c: 11,236 1985: 12,240 1986: 15,467 1987: 15,444 1988: 15,339 1989: 17,746 1990: 13,574 1991: 14,504 1992: 15,948 1993*c: 12,778 1994: 16,285 1995: 13,472 1996: 11,816 1997: 14,753 1998: 11,713 Group Georgia Income Year 1980: 12,933 1981: 13,115 1982: 11,108 1983: 9,916 1984*c: 14,747 1985: 11,393 1986: 12,500 1987: 13,347 1988: 15,857 1989: 14,876 1990: 14,223 1991: 14,308 1992: 11,367 1993*c: 12,141 1994: 10,888 1995: 14,826 1996: 12,339 1997: 13,091 1998: 17,442 Group Hawaii Income Year 1980: 19,742 1981: 11,158 1982: 13,778 1983: 21,481 1984*c: 18,294 1985: 23,027 1986: 25,157 1987: 13,424 1988: 17,245 1989: 18,733 1990: 21,166 1991: 27,764 1992: 24,410 1993*c: 14,783 1994: 16,782 1995: 13,882 1996: 13,298 1997: 18,860 1998: 16,511 Group Idaho Income Year 1980: 12,902 1981: 19,912 1982: 14,085 1983: 15,875 1984*c: 11,615 1985: 15,109 1986: 11,016 1987: 16,744 1988: 14,709 1989: 16,609 1990: 14,751 1991: 10,217 1992: 11,496 1993*c: 16,404 1994: 19,676 1995: 13,745 1996: 20,033 1997: 18,036 1998: 19,175 Group Illinois Income Year 1980: 13,377 1981: 11,852 1982: 13,662 1983: 12,012 1984*c: 12,840 1985: 10,060 1986: 16,195 1987: 9,183 1988: 11,993 1989: 13,431 1990: 13,514 1991: 15,704 1992: 12,491 1993*c: 13,061 1994: 12,301 1995: 15,846 1996: 14,260 1997: 12,894 1998: 13,263 Group Indiana Income Year 1980: 12,865 1981: 13,349 1982: 19,111 1983: 17,220 1984*c: 14,216 1985: 16,068 1986: 6,836 1987: 12,197 1988: 14,363 1989: 11,155 1990: 13,180 1991: 6,029 1992: 8,846 1993*c: 10,660 1994: 8,595 1995: 16,553 1996: 19,350 1997: 12,906 1998: 19,920 Group Iowa Income Year 1980: 16,466 1981: 19,655 1982: 16,176 1983: 17,009 1984*c: 14,873 1985: 20,780 1986: 19,782 1987: 18,195 1988: 13,198 1989: 14,945 1990: 17,221 1991: 14,433 1992: 14,253 1993*c: 11,307 1994: 14,816 1995: 12,994 1996: 15,410 1997: 15,121 1998: 20,877 Group Kansas Income Year 1980: 13,906 1981: 9,382 1982: 13,745 1983: 21,829 1984*c: 19,239 1985: 19,735 1986: 15,859 1987: 14,047 1988: 18,403 1989: 16,235 1990: 10,443 1991: 18,056 1992: 15,813 1993*c: 12,603 1994: 10,027 1995: 14,925 1996: 13,505 1997: 16,905 1998: 12,605 Group Kentucky Income Year 1980: 8,515 1981: 10,904 1982: 9,307 1983: 10,544 1984*c: 11,764 1985: 7,347 1986: 13,773 1987: 10,487 1988: 10,141 1989: 16,402 1990: 15,524 1991: 8,449 1992: 8,766 1993*c: 6,707 1994: 8,783 1995: 11,693 1996: 10,153 1997: 8,437 1998: 10,007 Group Louisiana Income Year 1980: 12,690 1981: 9,670 1982: 7,667 1983: 6,874 1984*c: 12,509 1985: 12,507 1986: 11,209 1987: 6,029 1988: 11,800 1989: 10,984 1990: 10,740 1991: 13,698 1992: 6,257 1993*c: 7,885 1994: 11,340 1995: 11,251 1996: 9,529 1997: 12,040 1998: 13,625 Group Maine Income Year 1980: 11,929 1981: 8,887 1982: 13,218 1983: 12,084 1984*c: 19,002 1985: 10,010 1986: 16,083 1987: 14,209 1988: 12,516 1989: 15,734 1990: 20,184 1991: 18,004 1992: 14,783 1993*c: 10,518 1994: 14,361 1995: 16,451 1996: 14,971 1997: 14,211 1998: 19,542 Group Maryland Income Year 1980: 18,604 1981: 21,935 1982: 15,533 1983: 18,574 1984*c: 13,045 1985: 18,353 1986: 25,492 1987: 30,564 1988: 9,307 1989: 7,887 1990: 15,159 1991: 13,580 1992: 21,692 1993*c: 19,342 1994: 15,222 1995: 16,680 1996: 13,141 1997: 24,465 1998: 24,749 Group Massachusetts Income Year 1980: 17,583 1981: 11,809 1982: 18,984 1983: 17,207 1984*c: 12,321 1985: 13,926 1986: 10,129 1987: 17,391 1988: 11,462 1989: 17,849 1990: 23,299 1991: 18,444 1992: 16,137 1993*c: 18,740 1994: 15,337 1995: 15,584 1996: 15,520 1997: 12,219 1998: 14,654 Group Michigan Income Year 1980: 13,855 1981: 13,186 1982: 10,893 1983: 12,715 1984*c: 13,367 1985: 14,910 1986: 14,955 1987: 15,341 1988: 12,729 1989: 16,783 1990: 17,267 1991: 16,583 1992: 13,466 1993*c: 13,590 1994: 16,681 1995: 17,437 1996: 14,592 1997: 11,680 1998: 12,075 Group Minnesota Income Year 1980: 22,493 1981: 26,968 1982: 15,692 1983: 19,673 1984*c: 15,293 1985: 12,162 1986: 14,732 1987: 13,349 1988: 39,455 1989: 16,342 1990: 21,634 1991: 18,738 1992: 14,136 1993*c: 18,425 1994: 17,708 1995: 18,801 1996: 15,774 1997: 15,771 1998: 18,093 Group Mississippi Income Year 1980: 11,124 1981: 7,241 1982: 8,766 1983: 7,316 1984*c: 7,889 1985: 5,999 1986: 8,758 1987: 9,478 1988: 9,423 1989: 9,619 1990: 9,753 1991: 9,145 1992: 8,672 1993*c: 8,601 1994: 16,468 1995: 9,908 1996: 10,832 1997: 8,873 1998: 15,153 Group Missouri Income Year 1980: 14,769 1981: 16,990 1982: 12,054 1983: 13,096 1984*c: 9,543 1985: 14,247 1986: 12,748 1987: 16,518 1988: 13,042 1989: 12,936 1990: 17,530 1991: 15,579 1992: 12,323 1993*c: 9,024 1994: 19,614 1995: 11,371 1996: 14,648 1997: 18,762 1998: 19,976 Group Montana Income Year 1980: 16,104 1981: 19,303 1982: 10,225 1983: 17,358 1984*c: 12,559 1985: 11,788 1986: 16,314 1987: 11,433 1988: 14,575 1989: 18,833 1990: 12,872 1991: 16,641 1992: 15,609 1993*c: 12,752 1994: 12,347 1995: 16,140 1996: 8,284 1997: 9,877 1998: 12,741 Group Nebraska Income Year 1980: 12,589 1981: 17,985 1982: 17,870 1983: 17,812 1984*c: 14,230 1985: 27,035 1986: 14,724 1987: 12,561 1988: 27,682 1989: 12,542 1990: 11,499 1991: 18,006 1992: 18,718 1993*c: 12,565 1994: 20,563 1995: 13,781 1996: 10,781 1997: 14,778 1998: 17,940 Group Nevada Income Year 1980: 16,786 1981: 14,986 1982: 19,505 1983: 26,029 1984*c: 22,926 1985: 16,401 1986: 21,133 1987: 18,264 1988: 19,567 1989: 19,581 1990: 21,607 1991: 19,904 1992: 18,601 1993*c: 17,875 1994: 19,619 1995: 17,816 1996: 25,062 1997: 18,187 1998: 21,700 Group New Hampshire Income Year 1980: 14,342 1981: 16,642 1982: 17,375 1983: 16,994 1984*c: 19,927 1985: 20,586 1986: 19,942 1987: 32,721 1988: 31,096 1989: 21,269 1990: 19,152 1991: 16,163 1992: 14,369 1993*c: 34,763 1994: 17,753 1995: 18,556 1996: 23,672 1997: 19,258 1998: 12,759 Group New Jersey Income Year 1980: 18,274 1981: 15,595 1982: 19,427 1983: 14,433 1984*c: 19,743 1985: 24,872 1986: 15,669 1987: 17,937 1988: 20,183 1989: 22,157 1990: 23,660 1991: 21,096 1992: 21,614 1993*c: 19,504 1994: 19,179 1995: 20,875 1996: 17,893 1997: 23,357 1998: 19,271 Group New Mexico Income Year 1980: 11,297 1981: 12,178 1982: 9,775 1983: 9,379 1984*c: 13,670 1985: 13,901 1986: 14,148 1987: 11,872 1988: 12,327 1989: 11,155 1990: 7,952 1991: 14,911 1992: 9,266 1993*c: 12,259 1994: 11,484 1995: 12,235 1996: 10,038 1997: 14,259 1998: 17,001 Group New York Income Year 1980: 10,203 1981: 11,208 1982: 11,655 1983: 8,832 1984*c: 10,152 1985: 10,712 1986: 12,207 1987: 15,118 1988: 13,888 1989: 16,384 1990: 13,410 1991: 11,157 1992: 11,757 1993*c: 15,764 1994: 10,987 1995: 15,809 1996: 11,743 1997: 12,694 1998: 11,408 Group North Carolina Income Year 1980: 11,740 1981: 11,648 1982: 10,916 1983: 11,621 1984*c: 13,523 1985: 11,783 1986: 13,236 1987: 12,943 1988: 12,477 1989: 12,631 1990: 11,216 1991: 12,489 1992: 12,275 1993*c: 12,405 1994: 9,911 1995: 14,404 1996: 17,050 1997: 18,057 1998: 11,339 Group North Dakota Income Year 1980: 15,011 1981: 18,661 1982: 16,758 1983: 16,114 1984*c: 17,111 1985: 27,388 1986: 22,271 1987: 22,853 1988: 17,523 1989: 21,117 1990: 11,262 1991: 17,051 1992: 26,369 1993*c: 17,682 1994: 15,593 1995: 19,836 1996: 11,729 1997: 17,743 1998: 12,021 Group Ohio Income Year 1980: 13,790 1981: 14,833 1982: 12,827 1983: 17,195 1984*c: 13,559 1985: 13,691 1986: 9,788 1987: 13,221 1988: 13,138 1989: 14,445 1990: 15,991 1991: 11,218 1992: 12,786 1993*c: 13,519 1994: 14,061 1995: 11,551 1996: 13,438 1997: 13,100 1998: 15,752 Group Oklahoma Income Year 1980: 12,722 1981: 14,684 1982: 16,016 1983: 8,123 1984*c: 16,301 1985: 9,252 1986: 8,331 1987: 7,469 1988: 10,329 1989: 14,572 1990: 10,653 1991: 13,383 1992: 9,984 1993*c: 8,875 1994: 7,031 1995: 12,362 1996: 12,714 1997: 14,218 1998: 11,925 Group Oregon Income Year 1980: 15,521 1981: 13,412 1982: 18,214 1983: 12,517 1984*c: 14,791 1985: 10,414 1986: 15,682 1987: 19,669 1988: 19,312 1989: 12,489 1990: 14,966 1991: 18,773 1992: 13,755 1993*c: 16,680 1994: 17,145 1995: 19,316 1996: 16,096 1997: 18,593 1998: 13,210 Group Pennsylvania Income Year 1980: 11,763 1981: 11,056 1982: 14,824 1983: 12,277 1984*c: 10,387 1985: 12,712 1986: 13,782 1987: 16,014 1988: 19,794 1989: 17,810 1990: 14,066 1991: 15,232 1992: 11,296 1993*c: 13,716 1994: 12,171 1995: 14,272 1996: 12,882 1997: 13,101 1998: 14,153 Group Rhode Island Income Year 1980: 20,353 1981: 13,980 1982: 16,563 1983: 14,524 1984*c: 14,865 1985: 19,400 1986: 24,836 1987: 20,139 1988: 21,775 1989: 21,473 1990: 18,038 1991: 11,135 1992: 11,276 1993*c: 14,011 1994: 9,297 1995: 16,199 1996: 21,801 1997: 15,470 1998: 12,000 Group South Carolina Income Year 1980: 12,546 1981: 9,445 1982: 6,405 1983: 10,213 1984*c: 15,176 1985: 14,387 1986: 10,467 1987: 12,186 1988: 8,831 1989: 11,128 1990: 16,190 1991: 9,434 1992: 9,755 1993*c: 10,946 1994: 19,385 1995: 12,967 1996: 11,752 1997: 14,218 1998: 11,374 Group South Dakota Income Year 1980: 20,799 1981: 12,642 1982: 9,796 1983: 11,446 1984*c: 17,222 1985: 13,853 1986: 14,255 1987: 17,846 1988: 12,805 1989: 11,584 1990: 13,228 1991: 13,594 1992: 16,185 1993*c: 18,916 1994: 16,021 1995: 21,132 1996: 16,194 1997: 18,287 1998: 12,308 Group Tennessee Income Year 1980: 9,512 1981: 12,167 1982: 12,511 1983: 6,996 1984*c: 12,330 1985: 10,834 1986: 8,884 1987: 12,207 1988: 12,642 1989: 9,812 1990: 7,802 1991: 10,188 1992: 10,844 1993*c: 9,017 1994: 11,989 1995: 11,705 1996: 10,934 1997: 13,407 1998: 13,786 Group Texas Income Year 1980: 12,589 1981: 15,631 1982: 13,662 1983: 18,540 1984*c: 17,285 1985: 12,054 1986: 12,334 1987: 15,380 1988: 12,903 1989: 11,294 1990: 16,415 1991: 12,736 1992: 13,482 1993*c: 13,401 1994: 14,907 1995: 11,942 1996: 11,606 1997: 13,568 1998: 17,004 Group Utah Income Year 1980: 18,196 1981: 11,543 1982: 14,807 1983: 11,457 1984*c: 21,801 1985: 19,501 1986: 11,357 1987: 19,349 1988: 15,383 1989: 15,945 1990: 11,951 1991: 13,441 1992: 14,183 1993*c: 20,587 1994: 18,290 1995: 23,529 1996: 24,948 1997: 24,364 1998: 21,905 Group Vermont Income Year 1980: 10,084 1981: 16,403 1982: 10,523 1983: 13,462 1984*c: 19,054 1985: 16,893 1986: 14,102 1987: 11,289 1988: 12,570 1989: 16,678 1990: 15,260 1991: 13,165 1992: 16,308 1993*c: 12,244 1994: 15,901 1995: 12,785 1996: 22,415 1997: 12,489 1998: 16,747 Group Virginia Income Year 1980: 14,044 1981: 18,071 1982: 16,320 1983: 10,192 1984*c: 16,530 1985: 12,668 1986: 9,647 1987: 14,288 1988: 10,987 1989: 13,282 1990: 15,053 1991: 17,618 1992: 20,457 1993*c: 20,756 1994: 21,037 1995: 16,202 1996: 11,079 1997: 9,253 1998: 10,076 Group Washington Income Year 1980: 16,692 1981: 19,297 1982: 14,181 1983: 19,032 1984*c: 13,713 1985: 14,667 1986: 9,363 1987: 17,198 1988: 21,433 1989: 21,566 1990: 19,492 1991: 24,323 1992: 24,342 1993*c: 11,301 1994: 19,848 1995: 16,143 1996: 13,222 1997: 12,710 1998: 13,235 Group West Virginia Income Year 1980: 11,306 1981: 13,884 1982: 9,317 1983: 9,085 1984*c: 9,631 1985: 12,347 1986: 13,198 1987: 8,438 1988: 9,470 1989: 8,541 1990: 11,844 1991: 9,583 1992: 9,239 1993*c: 9,122 1994: 8,207 1995: 11,183 1996: 8,883 1997: 8,696 1998: 11,597 Group Wisconsin Income Year 1980: 19,980 1981: 22,331 1982: 17,408 1983: 18,038 1984*c: 13,993 1985: 17,143 1986: 16,027 1987: 19,469 1988: 24,186 1989: 17,669 1990: 16,735 1991: 15,087 1992: 16,858 1993*c: 13,079 1994: 25,769 1995: 18,041 1996: 24,112 1997: 24,967 1998: 17,251 Group Wyoming Income Year 1980: 24,728 1981: 25,948 1982: 17,044 1983: 11,870 1984*c: 20,149 1985: 19,917 1986: 11,341 1987: 14,163 1988: 22,389 1989: 16,561 1990: 10,210 1991: 23,440 1992: 19,473 1993*c: 18,266 1994: 14,264 1995: 13,488 1996: 12,238 1997: 10,976 1998: 12,835 Source: Author's calculations using the March Current Population Survey, 1981 through 1999. a. Persons with a disability are defined as those who report having (or are reported by the household's respondent as having), at the time of the survey, "a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do." b. The unit of the analysis is the individual not the household. Individuals are assumed to receive an equal share of their household's size-adjusted income. Size-adjusted income is household income by dividing income by the square root of household size. The CPS collect income for the year prior to the survey, the "income year". Income is before taxes but after public cash transfers. Negative sources of income are converted to zero. All dollar amounts are in 1998 dollars. c. In April of survey year 1984, sample weights based on the 1970 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1980 Census and the sample design was changed to increase the accuracy of state estimates. In survey year 1994, there were several changes in the CPS. It moved fully to computer-assisted survey interviews. Sample weights based on the 1980 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1990 Census. The Monthly Basic Survey was revised, and three new disability questions were added. It is possible that these changes affected the measurement of the population with a disability either through changes in the sample weights or in the way respondents answered disability questions. Appendix Table 2a. Standard Error of Median Household Size-Adjusted Income of Non-Institutionalized Civilian Men without a Disability Aged 25 Through 61 for the United States, and for Each State and the District of Columbia, Income Years 1980 through 1998 (in thousands)*a*b Group United States Income Year 1980: 137 1981: 141 1982: 148 1983: 144 1984*c: 156 1985: 151 1986: 158 1987: 161 1988: 174 1989: 169 1990: 163 1991: 152 1992: 154 1993*c: 164 1994: 159 1995: 171 1996: 173 1997: 167 1998: 185 Group Alabama Income Year 1980: 916 1981: 917 1982: 804 1983: 869 1984*c: 1,259 1985: 1,192 1986: 1,475 1987: 960 1988: 1,109 1989: 2,213 1990: 909 1991: 1,011 1992: 856 1993*c: 1,960 1994: 1,137 1995: 1,357 1996: 951 1997: 1,396 1998: 1,352 Group Alaska Income Year 1980: 370 1981: 338 1982: 485 1983: 625 1984*c: 744 1985: 659 1986: 756 1987: 613 1988: 625 1989: 1,152 1990: 1,724 1991: 1,725 1992: 1,467 1993*c: 1,308 1994: 1,258 1995: 1,594 1996: 1,202 1997: 1,811 1998: 1,773 Group Arizona Income Year 1980: 1,086 1981: 1,198 1982: 894 1983: 1,447 1984*c: 1,382 1985: 1,928 1986: 1,725 1987: 1,461 1988: 1,795 1989: 1,297 1990: 1,230 1991: 1,752 1992: 1,977 1993*c: 1,133 1994: 1,528 1995: 871 1996: 955 1997: 1,114 1998: 1,234 Group Arkansas Income Year 1980: 956 1981: 829 1982: 743 1983: 856 1984*c: 1,344 1985: 734 1986: 1,258 1987: 1,198 1988: 943 1989: 1,238 1990: 945 1991: 1,398 1992: 881 1993*c: 1,043 1994: 831 1995: 1,182 1996: 1,343 1997: 1,194 1998: 913 Group California Income Year 1980: 573 1981: 648 1982: 588 1983: 663 1984*c: 753 1985: 684 1986: 734 1987: 719 1988: 1,097 1989: 566 1990: 600 1991: 617 1992: 658 1993*c: 673 1994: 500 1995: 593 1996: 716 1997: 590 1998: 729 Group Colorado Income Year 1980: 859 1981: 1,316 1982: 848 1983: 1,221 1984*c: 1,843 1985: 2,940 1986: 1,795 1987: 1,963 1988: 1,805 1989: 1,069 1990: 1,235 1991: 1,492 1992: 1,549 1993*c: 1,227 1994: 1,101 1995: 1,108 1996: 1,366 1997: 1,300 1998: 1,261 Group Connecticut Income Year 1980: 958 1981: 1,152 1982: 1,186 1983: 1,320 1984*c: 2,473 1985: 2,172 1986: 1,465 1987: 1,520 1988: 1,409 1989: 1,660 1990: 1,642 1991: 1,999 1992: 2,469 1993*c: 1,501 1994: 2,175 1995: 1,801 1996: 1,783 1997: 1,753 1998: 2,036 Group Delaware Income Year 1980: 855 1981: 614 1982: 421 1983: 593 1984*c: 637 1985: 566 1986: 588 1987: 568 1988: 466 1989: 1,233 1990: 1,037 1991: 1,544 1992: 1,266 1993*c: 1,287 1994: 1,368 1995: 1,392 1996: 2,090 1997: 1,474 1998: 2,500 Group DC Income Year 1980: 1,311 1981: 786 1982: 549 1983: 928 1984*c: 940 1985: 878 1986: 1,047 1987: 756 1988: 874 1989: 2,344 1990: 1,790 1991: 2,786 1992: 1,598 1993*c: 1,533 1994: 2,723 1995: 1,898 1996: 1,992 1997: 2,348 1998: 4,549 Group Florida Income Year 1980: 640 1981: 922 1982: 1,063 1983: 749 1984*c: 697 1985: 698 1986: 625 1987: 626 1988: 613 1989: 789 1990: 665 1991: 689 1992: 557 1993*c: 721 1994: 552 1995: 710 1996: 739 1997: 746 1998: 805 Group Georgia Income Year 1980: 914 1981: 961 1982: 1,218 1983: 1,109 1984*c: 1,407 1985: 1,242 1986: 1,807 1987: 1,715 1988: 1,323 1989: 1,204 1990: 1,191 1991: 1,049 1992: 1,327 1993*c: 1,158 1994: 1,249 1995: 1,046 1996: 1,536 1997: 933 1998: 1,560 Group Hawaii Income Year 1980: 644 1981: 1,095 1982: 506 1983: 869 1984*c: 777 1985: 579 1986: 916 1987: 981 1988: 488 1989: 1,292 1990: 1,183 1991: 1,152 1992: 1,629 1993*c: 1,395 1994: 1,370 1995: 1,901 1996: 1,135 1997: 1,889 1998: 1,339 Group Idaho Income Year 1980: 574 1981: 634 1982: 471 1983: 721 1984*c: 338 1985: 498 1986: 525 1987: 573 1988: 365 1989: 1,397 1990: 1,012 1991: 810 1992: 768 1993*c: 837 1994: 1,705 1995: 1,105 1996: 1,121 1997: 1,107 1998: 1,123 Group Illinois Income Year 1980: 700 1981: 826 1982: 668 1983: 907 1984*c: 634 1985: 820 1986: 621 1987: 977 1988: 547 1989: 664 1990: 644 1991: 677 1992: 617 1993*c: 724 1994: 818 1995: 749 1996: 866 1997: 718 1998: 717 Group Indiana Income Year 1980: 1,067 1981: 807 1982: 1,019 1983: 728 1984*c: 941 1985: 1,105 1986: 831 1987: 907 1988: 1,081 1989: 1,319 1990: 1,735 1991: 1,302 1992: 1,078 1993*c: 1,208 1994: 1,177 1995: 1,210 1996: 1,048 1997: 877 1998: 1,008 Group Iowa Income Year 1980: 1,294 1981: 1,099 1982: 1,004 1983: 883 1984*c: 1,389 1985: 1,561 1986: 839 1987: 914 1988: 728 1989: 1,128 1990: 989 1991: 1,061 1992: 992 1993*c: 767 1994: 972 1995: 1,171 1996: 1,772 1997: 1,180 1998: 1,446 Group Kansas Income Year 1980: 936 1981: 1,348 1982: 1,045 1983: 917 1984*c: 1,442 1985: 794 1986: 1,036 1987: 908 1988: 1,004 1989: 1,205 1990: 1,211 1991: 1,085 1992: 1,099 1993*c: 1,320 1994: 1,331 1995: 1,326 1996: 1,437 1997: 1,256 1998: 1,548 Group Kentucky Income Year 1980: 1,346 1981: 1,521 1982: 1,199 1983: 1,214 1984*c: 1,687 1985: 1,471 1986: 1,118 1987: 1,191 1988: 1,472 1989: 1,397 1990: 1,136 1991: 1,329 1992: 1,456 1993*c: 1,287 1994: 1,245 1995: 1,262 1996: 940 1997: 1,258 1998: 1,874 Group Louisiana Income Year 1980: 870 1981: 916 1982: 1,054 1983: 1,085 1984*c: 1,664 1985: 1,628 1986: 2,375 1987: 2,041 1988: 1,424 1989: 913 1990: 1,760 1991: 1,121 1992: 948 1993*c: 1,422 1994: 1,463 1995: 915 1996: 1,000 1997: 1,179 1998: 1,350 Group Maine Income Year 1980: 903 1981: 674 1982: 651 1983: 1,011 1984*c: 663 1985: 586 1986: 619 1987: 806 1988: 716 1989: 1,264 1990: 1,074 1991: 1,033 1992: 1,183 1993*c: 1,077 1994: 940 1995: 1,034 1996: 759 1997: 1,291 1998: 1,106 Group Maryland Income Year 1980: 1,308 1981: 1,576 1982: 973 1983: 1,357 1984*c: 1,202 1985: 2,132 1986: 1,506 1987: 1,414 1988: 1,765 1989: 1,145 1990: 1,549 1991: 2,138 1992: 1,105 1993*c: 2,008 1994: 1,216 1995: 1,669 1996: 1,535 1997: 1,598 1998: 1,316 Group Massachusetts Income Year 1980: 773 1981: 762 1982: 987 1983: 747 1984*c: 537 1985: 527 1986: 544 1987: 759 1988: 574 1989: 787 1990: 821 1991: 879 1992: 913 1993*c: 701 1994: 658 1995: 808 1996: 1,330 1997: 1,675 1998: 1,205 Group Michigan Income Year 1980: 783 1981: 847 1982: 895 1983: 726 1984*c: 638 1985: 686 1986: 664 1987: 592 1988: 499 1989: 730 1990: 743 1991: 609 1992: 732 1993*c: 594 1994: 625 1995: 1,034 1996: 818 1997: 755 1998: 651 Group Minnesota Income Year 1980: 1,281 1981: 979 1982: 1,132 1983: 1,051 1984*c: 1,204 1985: 1,402 1986: 2,296 1987: 1,858 1988: 1,358 1989: 1,588 1990: 1,328 1991: 1,105 1992: 1,088 1993*c: 1,723 1994: 981 1995: 1,148 1996: 1,299 1997: 933 1998: 1,188 Group Mississippi Income Year 1980: 807 1981: 826 1982: 880 1983: 816 1984*c: 741 1985: 860 1986: 798 1987: 759 1988: 772 1989: 742 1990: 1,068 1991: 656 1992: 1,033 1993*c: 1,581 1994: 1,037 1995: 1,513 1996: 936 1997: 916 1998: 843 Group Missouri Income Year 1980: 1,014 1981: 1,166 1982: 1,183 1983: 1,132 1984*c: 1,034 1985: 1,826 1986: 1,178 1987: 1,220 1988: 1,943 1989: 977 1990: 1,000 1991: 1,235 1992: 1,147 1993*c: 1,157 1994: 870 1995: 1,240 1996: 870 1997: 1,098 1998: 1,936 Group Montana Income Year 1980: 521 1981: 677 1982: 573 1983: 476 1984*c: 422 1985: 484 1986: 691 1987: 545 1988: 372 1989: 1,195 1990: 1,148 1991: 1,369 1992: 1,330 1993*c: 1,150 1994: 877 1995: 1,028 1996: 1,279 1997: 1,323 1998: 951 Group Nebraska Income Year 1980: 1,091 1981: 711 1982: 891 1983: 910 1984*c: 618 1985: 633 1986: 602 1987: 895 1988: 570 1989: 778 1990: 905 1991: 1,252 1992: 847 1993*c: 911 1994: 1,010 1995: 1,327 1996: 944 1997: 1,118 1998: 1,135 Group Nevada Income Year 1980: 591 1981: 821 1982: 646 1983: 845 1984*c: 639 1985: 947 1986: 779 1987: 881 1988: 573 1989: 2,319 1990: 1,269 1991: 1,119 1992: 1,138 1993*c: 1,183 1994: 1,444 1995: 1,479 1996: 1,030 1997: 877 1998: 2,052 Group New Hampshire Income Year 1980: 902 1981: 768 1982: 518 1983: 556 1984*c: 728 1985: 753 1986: 903 1987: 857 1988: 696 1989: 1,387 1990: 1,173 1991: 1,652 1992: 1,119 1993*c: 1,385 1994: 1,761 1995: 1,337 1996: 1,355 1997: 1,741 1998: 1,389 Group New Jersey Income Year 1980: 802 1981: 1,115 1982: 977 1983: 914 1984*c: 458 1985: 635 1986: 611 1987: 634 1988: 538 1989: 978 1990: 820 1991: 878 1992: 854 1993*c: 765 1994: 808 1995: 979 1996: 795 1997: 987 1998: 1,158 Group New Mexico Income Year 1980: 888 1981: 840 1982: 662 1983: 702 1984*c: 670 1985: 729 1986: 694 1987: 678 1988: 690 1989: 1,439 1990: 1,358 1991: 1,223 1992: 1,257 1993*c: 993 1994: 1,261 1995: 863 1996: 1,248 1997: 1,213 1998: 1,748 Group New York Income Year 1980: 523 1981: 596 1982: 633 1983: 605 1984*c: 477 1985: 590 1986: 532 1987: 587 1988: 889 1989: 616 1990: 631 1991: 586 1992: 566 1993*c: 607 1994: 588 1995: 587 1996: 735 1997: 673 1998: 719 Group North Carolina Income Year 1980: 1,049 1981: 1,187 1982: 1,025 1983: 1,003 1984*c: 516 1985: 503 1986: 400 1987: 503 1988: 388 1989: 575 1990: 541 1991: 615 1992: 619 1993*c: 629 1994: 639 1995: 899 1996: 916 1997: 1,074 1998: 1,038 Group North Dakota Income Year 1980: 354 1981: 630 1982: 649 1983: 596 1984*c: 366 1985: 507 1986: 473 1987: 463 1988: 375 1989: 733 1990: 856 1991: 940 1992: 904 1993*c: 1,059 1994: 1,176 1995: 885 1996: 1,088 1997: 1,030 1998: 1,075 Group Ohio Income Year 1980: 634 1981: 698 1982: 788 1983: 659 1984*c: 498 1985: 599 1986: 606 1987: 606 1988: 649 1989: 584 1990: 693 1991: 566 1992: 668 1993*c: 681 1994: 646 1995: 941 1996: 909 1997: 975 1998: 874 Group Oklahoma Income Year 1980: 1,384 1981: 1,083 1982: 1,514 1983: 1,141 1984*c: 1,128 1985: 1,251 1986: 887 1987: 849 1988: 996 1989: 1,753 1990: 1,834 1991: 961 1992: 1,266 1993*c: 1,239 1994: 1,606 1995: 888 1996: 983 1997: 914 1998: 959 Group Oregon Income Year 1980: 1,548 1981: 730 1982: 974 1983: 851 1984*c: 1,510 1985: 1,457 1986: 1,096 1987: 1,234 1988: 1,054 1989: 1,366 1990: 1,265 1991: 1,327 1992: 1,831 1993*c: 1,296 1994: 929 1995: 1,147 1996: 1,323 1997: 1,356 1998: 1,309 Group Pennsylvania Income Year 1980: 692 1981: 621 1982: 566 1983: 783 1984*c: 700 1985: 516 1986: 585 1987: 668 1988: 609 1989: 586 1990: 683 1991: 608 1992: 608 1993*c: 612 1994: 648 1995: 878 1996: 646 1997: 715 1998: 866 Group Rhode Island Income Year 1980: 1,050 1981: 537 1982: 734 1983: 819 1984*c: 767 1985: 662 1986: 874 1987: 979 1988: 945 1989: 1,246 1990: 1,700 1991: 1,672 1992: 1,531 1993*c: 1,579 1994: 2,862 1995: 2,367 1996: 1,784 1997: 1,467 1998: 2,520 Group South Carolina Income Year 1980: 852 1981: 746 1982: 910 1983: 1,299 1984*c: 1,146 1985: 1,382 1986: 931 1987: 781 1988: 684 1989: 1,352 1990: 1,421 1991: 1,075 1992: 1,066 1993*c: 1,155 1994: 1,018 1995: 1,716 1996: 996 1997: 2,353 1998: 1,430 Group South Dakota Income Year 1980: 431 1981: 466 1982: 353 1983: 494 1984*c: 394 1985: 340 1986: 307 1987: 305 1988: 299 1989: 578 1990: 1,024 1991: 892 1992: 690 1993*c: 822 1994: 885 1995: 755 1996: 1,255 1997: 1,047 1998: 963 Group Tennessee Income Year 1980: 860 1981: 960 1982: 1,414 1983: 1,472 1984*c: 1,157 1985: 1,309 1986: 1,399 1987: 1,807 1988: 1,387 1989: 1,173 1990: 952 1991: 1,297 1992: 882 1993*c: 950 1994: 860 1995: 1,075 1996: 1,231 1997: 1,177 1998: 1,154 Group Texas Income Year 1980: 632 1981: 728 1982: 789 1983: 918 1984*c: 826 1985: 853 1986: 798 1987: 707 1988: 723 1989: 715 1990: 578 1991: 926 1992: 634 1993*c: 748 1994: 583 1995: 639 1996: 796 1997: 635 1998: 780 Group Utah Income Year 1980: 710 1981: 802 1982: 448 1983: 852 1984*c: 893 1985: 1,038 1986: 640 1987: 796 1988: 626 1989: 1,324 1990: 969 1991: 1,372 1992: 1,236 1993*c: 765 1994: 709 1995: 1,353 1996: 1,397 1997: 1,012 1998: 973 Group Vermont Income Year 1980: 475 1981: 564 1982: 498 1983: 412 1984*c: 648 1985: 561 1986: 577 1987: 685 1988: 519 1989: 1,022 1990: 1,419 1991: 1,856 1992: 828 1993*c: 1,285 1994: 1,310 1995: 1,249 1996: 1,814 1997: 1,304 1998: 1,130 Group Virginia Income Year 1980: 1,029 1981: 1,667 1982: 1,353 1983: 1,316 1984*c: 1,549 1985: 1,947 1986: 1,596 1987: 1,799 1988: 1,433 1989: 1,547 1990: 1,465 1991: 1,357 1992: 1,080 1993*c: 1,224 1994: 1,237 1995: 1,309 1996: 1,300 1997: 1,153 1998: 1,517 Group Washington Income Year 1980: 1,229 1981: 1,647 1982: 1,529 1983: 1,657 1984*c: 1,428 1985: 1,671 1986: 1,779 1987: 1,574 1988: 1,103 1989: 1,630 1990: 1,052 1991: 1,528 1992: 2,417 1993*c: 1,577 1994: 1,334 1995: 1,347 1996: 1,598 1997: 1,281 1998: 1,422 Group West Virginia Income Year 1980: 702 1981: 743 1982: 768 1983: 697 1984*c: 889 1985: 773 1986: 540 1987: 795 1988: 720 1989: 1,192 1990: 1,063 1991: 1,182 1992: 1,176 1993*c: 1,050 1994: 1,615 1995: 1,609 1996: 1,029 1997: 1,016 1998: 1,410 Group Wisconsin Income Year 1980: 1,099 1981: 1,045 1982: 1,088 1983: 1,258 1984*c: 1,418 1985: 1,034 1986: 1,124 1987: 1,586 1988: 1,113 1989: 1,878 1990: 1,223 1991: 890 1992: 1,007 1993*c: 872 1994: 994 1995: 1,263 1996: 1,166 1997: 1,116 1998: 1,371 Group Wyoming Income Year 1980: 509 1981: 445 1982: 569 1983: 567 1984*c: 533 1985: 477 1986: 414 1987: 403 1988: 426 1989: 1,419 1990: 1,396 1991: 920 1992: 1,181 1993*c: 810 1994: 1,261 1995: 1,013 1996: 1,215 1997: 965 1998: 1,367 Source: Author's calculations using the March Current Population Survey, 1981 through 1999. a. Persons with a disability are defined as those who report having (or are reported by the household's respondent as having), at the time of the survey, "a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do." b. The unit of the analysis is the individual not the household. Individuals are assumed to receive an equal share of their household's size-adjusted income. Size-adjusted income is household income by dividing income by the square root of household size. The CPS collect income for the year prior to the survey, the "income year". Income is before taxes but after public cash transfers. Negative sources of income are converted to zero. All dollar amounts are in 1998 dollars. c. In April of survey year 1984, sample weights based on the 1970 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1980 Census and the sample design was changed to increase the accuracy of state estimates. In survey year 1994, there were several changes in the CPS. It moved fully to computer-assisted survey interviews. Sample weights based on the 1980 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1990 Census. The Monthly Basic Survey was revised, and three new disability questions were added. It is possible that these changes affected the measurement of the population with a disability either through changes in the sample weights or in the way respondents answered disability questions. Appendix Table 2b. Standard Error of Median Household Size-Adjusted Income of Non-Institutionalized Civilian Men with a Disability Aged 25 Through 61 for the United States, and for Each State and the District of Columbia, Income Years 1980 through 1998 (in thousands)*a*b Group United States Income Year 1980: 344 1981: 372 1982: 379 1983: 387 1984*c: 395 1985: 390 1986: 386 1987: 472 1988: 456 1989: 436 1990: 411 1991: 476 1992: 396 1993*c: 376 1994: 404 1995: 456 1996: 506 1997: 530 1998: 554 Group Alabama Income Year 1980: 1,987 1981: 2,559 1982: 2,477 1983: 1,960 1984*c: 4,092 1985: 3,105 1986: 2,096 1987: 3,453 1988: 2,068 1989: 2,156 1990: 1,765 1991: 2,036 1992: 2,736 1993*c: 1,618 1994: 2,632 1995: 2,402 1996: 2,251 1997: 1,925 1998: 7,269 Group Alaska Income Year 1980: 886 1981: 1,453 1982: 1,237 1983: 1,520 1984*c: 2,000 1985: 2,282 1986: 1,581 1987: 1,995 1988: 1,887 1989: 5,799 1990: 3,638 1991: 4,810 1992: 4,648 1993*c: 4,781 1994: 3,988 1995: 4,245 1996: 9,880 1997: 3,205 1998: 4,397 Group Arizona Income Year 1980: 3,122 1981: 3,298 1982: 2,654 1983: 4,901 1984*c: 3,953 1985: 3,326 1986: 2,759 1987: 2,880 1988: 3,172 1989: 3,977 1990: 4,535 1991: 3,395 1992: 4,424 1993*c: 2,586 1994: 4,045 1995: 5,529 1996: 2,753 1997: 3,215 1998: 6,420 Group Arkansas Income Year 1980: 1,723 1981: 1,546 1982: 1,548 1983: 2,395 1984*c: 1,281 1985: 1,417 1986: 1,225 1987: 4,461 1988: 2,304 1989: 2,060 1990: 2,481 1991: 2,001 1992: 1,397 1993*c: 2,064 1994: 2,472 1995: 1,988 1996: 1,601 1997: 1,429 1998: 2,286 Group California Income Year 1980: 1,337 1981: 1,427 1982: 1,559 1983: 1,800 1984*c: 1,527 1985: 1,931 1986: 1,692 1987: 2,348 1988: 2,883 1989: 1,462 1990: 1,512 1991: 1,763 1992: 1,278 1993*c: 1,248 1994: 1,392 1995: 2,056 1996: 1,171 1997: 2,405 1998: 1,738 Group Colorado Income Year 1980: 4,050 1981: 2,906 1982: 3,268 1983: 3,056 1984*c: 3,090 1985: 7,415 1986: 4,712 1987: 4,247 1988: 4,095 1989: 3,816 1990: 3,586 1991: 2,955 1992: 3,413 1993*c: 6,988 1994: 3,540 1995: 2,457 1996: 2,479 1997: 3,772 1998: 6,244 Group Connecticut Income Year 1980: 3,491 1981: 4,242 1982: 2,873 1983: 4,111 1984*c: 5,596 1985: 2,411 1986: 10,553 1987: 5,605 1988: 5,891 1989: 8,613 1990: 4,178 1991: 5,616 1992: 4,084 1993*c: 4,320 1994: 4,023 1995: 3,744 1996: 3,764 1997: 3,286 1998: 4,271 Group Delaware Income Year 1980: 1,956 1981: 1,600 1982: 1,405 1983: 1,507 1984*c: 1,510 1985: 2,125 1986: 1,162 1987: 1,846 1988: 3,024 1989: 4,359 1990: 2,828 1991: 5,195 1992: 2,408 1993*c: 3,209 1994: 2,593 1995: 2,499 1996: 4,573 1997: 8,970 1998: 3,850 Group DC Income Year 1980: 2,638 1981: 1,847 1982: 2,503 1983: 1,773 1984*c: 1,573 1985: 1,835 1986: 1,445 1987: 1,816 1988: 1,225 1989: 5,273 1990: 4,270 1991: 9,501 1992: 6,579 1993*c: 4,619 1994: 2,597 1995: 2,464 1996: 14,070 1997: 2,406 1998: 11,106 Group Florida Income Year 1980: 1,626 1981: 1,865 1982: 2,416 1983: 1,732 1984*c: 1,514 1985: 2,351 1986: 1,699 1987: 1,583 1988: 1,325 1989: 1,999 1990: 1,492 1991: 1,584 1992: 1,322 1993*c: 1,602 1994: 1,786 1995: 1,476 1996: 1,522 1997: 2,341 1998: 1,670 Group Georgia Income Year 1980: 2,109 1981: 2,103 1982: 1,902 1983: 2,960 1984*c: 4,242 1985: 3,758 1986: 2,751 1987: 4,395 1988: 3,329 1989: 4,561 1990: 2,842 1991: 1,948 1992: 2,626 1993*c: 2,311 1994: 2,554 1995: 2,020 1996: 1,553 1997: 2,257 1998: 8,035 Group Hawaii Income Year 1980: 2,773 1981: 1,796 1982: 1,805 1983: 1,611 1984*c: 2,764 1985: 1,956 1986: 1,479 1987: 2,060 1988: 1,428 1989: 6,665 1990: 4,811 1991: 7,510 1992: 2,996 1993*c: 3,665 1994: 2,938 1995: 5,399 1996: 2,672 1997: 10,981 1998: 4,840 Group Idaho Income Year 1980: 1,587 1981: 2,658 1982: 1,143 1983: 1,400 1984*c: 1,579 1985: 1,140 1986: 1,865 1987: 1,466 1988: 1,382 1989: 2,453 1990: 3,064 1991: 2,659 1992: 1,780 1993*c: 2,508 1994: 3,400 1995: 4,549 1996: 2,952 1997: 6,673 1998: 6,718 Group Illinois Income Year 1980: 1,577 1981: 2,689 1982: 3,299 1983: 1,951 1984*c: 1,876 1985: 2,170 1986: 1,856 1987: 2,305 1988: 1,818 1989: 1,527 1990: 2,118 1991: 1,984 1992: 1,470 1993*c: 1,337 1994: 1,867 1995: 3,349 1996: 2,928 1997: 2,460 1998: 1,851 Group Indiana Income Year 1980: 1,910 1981: 2,523 1982: 2,541 1983: 2,667 1984*c: 2,880 1985: 3,635 1986: 2,138 1987: 2,652 1988: 2,480 1989: 2,274 1990: 2,515 1991: 7,338 1992: 3,607 1993*c: 3,415 1994: 3,501 1995: 2,398 1996: 3,516 1997: 3,552 1998: 3,142 Group Iowa Income Year 1980: 4,081 1981: 5,300 1982: 3,260 1983: 2,690 1984*c: 2,692 1985: 2,466 1986: 2,456 1987: 11,102 1988: 11,113 1989: 3,560 1990: 3,579 1991: 2,911 1992: 1,926 1993*c: 1,907 1994: 3,789 1995: 2,710 1996: 4,003 1997: 3,365 1998: 2,662 Group Kansas Income Year 1980: 4,281 1981: 3,591 1982: 2,718 1983: 3,131 1984*c: 2,698 1985: 2,166 1986: 3,772 1987: 7,584 1988: 3,696 1989: 3,189 1990: 5,015 1991: 2,720 1992: 3,314 1993*c: 2,789 1994: 2,833 1995: 3,035 1996: 4,091 1997: 2,352 1998: 3,275 Group Kentucky Income Year 1980: 2,789 1981: 1,612 1982: 1,885 1983: 3,104 1984*c: 3,214 1985: 2,258 1986: 2,273 1987: 2,946 1988: 1,755 1989: 2,404 1990: 1,964 1991: 2,015 1992: 1,986 1993*c: 1,213 1994: 4,090 1995: 2,668 1996: 2,201 1997: 7,667 1998: 1,984 Group Louisiana Income Year 1980: 2,033 1981: 2,715 1982: 2,585 1983: 2,227 1984*c: 4,945 1985: 4,966 1986: 2,996 1987: 2,380 1988: 2,326 1989: 2,594 1990: 2,447 1991: 6,102 1992: 3,026 1993*c: 1,879 1994: 1,952 1995: 1,785 1996: 3,815 1997: 2,522 1998: 2,355 Group Maine Income Year 1980: 1,618 1981: 1,120 1982: 1,354 1983: 968 1984*c: 1,491 1985: 1,882 1986: 1,503 1987: 1,688 1988: 1,291 1989: 3,444 1990: 2,055 1991: 1,521 1992: 2,059 1993*c: 1,409 1994: 1,903 1995: 2,995 1996: 4,249 1997: 3,955 1998: 2,596 Group Maryland Income Year 1980: 4,246 1981: 3,390 1982: 4,228 1983: 3,548 1984*c: 2,939 1985: 4,217 1986: 5,754 1987: 9,059 1988: 2,951 1989: 6,352 1990: 4,571 1991: 3,510 1992: 4,180 1993*c: 2,936 1994: 3,693 1995: 2,447 1996: 8,799 1997: 5,777 1998: 3,910 Group Massachusetts Income Year 1980: 1,927 1981: 2,081 1982: 3,815 1983: 2,387 1984*c: 1,765 1985: 1,149 1986: 2,426 1987: 1,959 1988: 1,347 1989: 2,863 1990: 1,783 1991: 2,610 1992: 2,123 1993*c: 1,944 1994: 1,790 1995: 2,467 1996: 2,286 1997: 2,674 1998: 2,167 Group Michigan Income Year 1980: 2,033 1981: 2,157 1982: 1,800 1983: 2,138 1984*c: 1,351 1985: 1,123 1986: 1,770 1987: 1,763 1988: 1,423 1989: 1,562 1990: 2,051 1991: 1,534 1992: 1,783 1993*c: 1,846 1994: 1,711 1995: 2,051 1996: 3,212 1997: 1,976 1998: 2,629 Group Minnesota Income Year 1980: 3,036 1981: 3,268 1982: 3,338 1983: 3,389 1984*c: 4,969 1985: 4,094 1986: 4,279 1987: 3,473 1988: 2,737 1989: 2,618 1990: 3,277 1991: 3,192 1992: 3,610 1993*c: 2,994 1994: 2,283 1995: 5,972 1996: 3,608 1997: 3,288 1998: 4,000 Group Mississippi Income Year 1980: 1,831 1981: 2,564 1982: 2,305 1983: 1,830 1984*c: 1,566 1985: 1,911 1986: 1,611 1987: 4,050 1988: 1,609 1989: 2,341 1990: 1,119 1991: 2,006 1992: 2,371 1993*c: 3,379 1994: 2,597 1995: 2,842 1996: 2,671 1997: 2,468 1998: 2,494 Group Missouri Income Year 1980: 1,955 1981: 1,948 1982: 2,375 1983: 2,547 1984*c: 2,482 1985: 3,952 1986: 2,766 1987: 3,198 1988: 3,979 1989: 3,414 1990: 4,185 1991: 6,621 1992: 3,845 1993*c: 1,841 1994: 4,284 1995: 3,847 1996: 3,581 1997: 2,017 1998: 3,480 Group Montana Income Year 1980: 1,396 1981: 1,797 1982: 1,527 1983: 1,040 1984*c: 1,871 1985: 815 1986: 775 1987: 1,011 1988: 928 1989: 2,030 1990: 3,465 1991: 6,611 1992: 3,114 1993*c: 1,783 1994: 2,332 1995: 3,534 1996: 4,341 1997: 1,682 1998: 3,655 Group Nebraska Income Year 1980: 2,927 1981: 3,075 1982: 2,515 1983: 3,343 1984*c: 3,674 1985: 2,657 1986: 2,436 1987: 1,148 1988: 2,030 1989: 3,521 1990: 2,454 1991: 3,118 1992: 13,727 1993*c: 5,073 1994: 3,122 1995: 5,380 1996: 5,968 1997: 4,567 1998: 2,671 Group Nevada Income Year 1980: 1,580 1981: 2,414 1982: 2,223 1983: 2,617 1984*c: 2,000 1985: 3,004 1986: 2,959 1987: 2,416 1988: 2,096 1989: 4,813 1990: 9,623 1991: 2,944 1992: 4,451 1993*c: 2,997 1994: 3,534 1995: 2,989 1996: 3,580 1997: 2,384 1998: 6,071 Group New Hampshire Income Year 1980: 3,369 1981: 2,137 1982: 1,299 1983: 1,674 1984*c: 2,817 1985: 2,649 1986: 1,932 1987: 3,581 1988: 2,981 1989: 8,663 1990: 5,961 1991: 3,585 1992: 3,954 1993*c: 2,652 1994: 2,730 1995: 3,034 1996: 3,960 1997: 5,086 1998: 4,688 Group New Jersey Income Year 1980: 2,392 1981: 2,802 1982: 2,075 1983: 2,158 1984*c: 1,381 1985: 1,933 1986: 1,766 1987: 1,730 1988: 2,299 1989: 3,361 1990: 2,603 1991: 2,991 1992: 2,555 1993*c: 2,255 1994: 2,362 1995: 3,197 1996: 2,949 1997: 2,211 1998: 3,320 Group New Mexico Income Year 1980: 1,179 1981: 1,524 1982: 1,874 1983: 1,446 1984*c: 1,629 1985: 4,009 1986: 1,328 1987: 1,742 1988: 1,383 1989: 2,376 1990: 2,327 1991: 3,914 1992: 2,325 1993*c: 2,306 1994: 2,882 1995: 4,486 1996: 1,852 1997: 3,789 1998: 3,483 Group New York Income Year 1980: 1,149 1981: 1,803 1982: 1,213 1983: 1,472 1984*c: 1,381 1985: 976 1986: 1,474 1987: 1,550 1988: 1,988 1989: 1,655 1990: 1,617 1991: 1,406 1992: 1,188 1993*c: 1,510 1994: 1,450 1995: 1,704 1996: 1,981 1997: 1,705 1998: 2,652 Group North Carolina Income Year 1980: 2,518 1981: 1,853 1982: 1,671 1983: 2,536 1984*c: 1,421 1985: 973 1986: 1,083 1987: 1,423 1988: 1,175 1989: 1,504 1990: 1,232 1991: 1,468 1992: 1,606 1993*c: 1,521 1994: 1,576 1995: 2,448 1996: 2,575 1997: 3,366 1998: 2,546 Group North Dakota Income Year 1980: 3,009 1981: 1,280 1982: 1,508 1983: 1,936 1984*c: 933 1985: 1,573 1986: 1,456 1987: 1,030 1988: 948 1989: 2,452 1990: 3,091 1991: 2,071 1992: 2,022 1993*c: 6,324 1994: 3,145 1995: 2,777 1996: 3,183 1997: 2,254 1998: 4,069 Group Ohio Income Year 1980: 1,485 1981: 1,908 1982: 1,546 1983: 1,747 1984*c: 1,244 1985: 1,601 1986: 1,194 1987: 1,776 1988: 1,604 1989: 1,767 1990: 1,802 1991: 1,291 1992: 1,346 1993*c: 1,600 1994: 1,771 1995: 1,729 1996: 2,947 1997: 2,842 1998: 1,729 Group Oklahoma Income Year 1980: 2,585 1981: 2,988 1982: 2,972 1983: 2,902 1984*c: 2,555 1985: 2,941 1986: 2,364 1987: 2,266 1988: 2,327 1989: 2,753 1990: 2,195 1991: 1,767 1992: 2,725 1993*c: 2,670 1994: 3,018 1995: 3,467 1996: 2,757 1997: 2,477 1998: 2,847 Group Oregon Income Year 1980: 2,968 1981: 2,060 1982: 2,209 1983: 3,061 1984*c: 4,481 1985: 3,537 1986: 2,477 1987: 2,627 1988: 2,541 1989: 3,688 1990: 2,974 1991: 3,017 1992: 2,682 1993*c: 3,504 1994: 3,087 1995: 3,666 1996: 3,088 1997: 2,878 1998: 3,264 Group Pennsylvania Income Year 1980: 1,515 1981: 1,445 1982: 1,292 1983: 1,665 1984*c: 1,280 1985: 1,148 1986: 1,398 1987: 1,655 1988: 1,691 1989: 2,327 1990: 2,257 1991: 2,073 1992: 1,549 1993*c: 1,638 1994: 1,575 1995: 1,670 1996: 1,625 1997: 2,289 1998: 2,075 Group Rhode Island Income Year 1980: 2,609 1981: 1,616 1982: 2,393 1983: 2,116 1984*c: 1,805 1985: 2,412 1986: 2,577 1987: 2,267 1988: 1,518 1989: 2,792 1990: 4,692 1991: 18,748 1992: 3,953 1993*c: 5,307 1994: 3,044 1995: 2,962 1996: 2,612 1997: 3,272 1998: 4,004 Group South Carolina Income Year 1980: 1,828 1981: 2,205 1982: 1,627 1983: 3,552 1984*c: 2,660 1985: 1,882 1986: 2,785 1987: 2,942 1988: 1,924 1989: 2,719 1990: 1,934 1991: 1,785 1992: 2,117 1993*c: 2,871 1994: 2,965 1995: 2,275 1996: 3,609 1997: 4,215 1998: 2,790 Group South Dakota Income Year 1980: 1,735 1981: 984 1982: 1,202 1983: 1,151 1984*c: 817 1985: 734 1986: 1,281 1987: 927 1988: 1,249 1989: 3,954 1990: 2,166 1991: 2,326 1992: 3,746 1993*c: 4,620 1994: 2,672 1995: 4,628 1996: 2,682 1997: 3,997 1998: 4,270 Group Tennessee Income Year 1980: 2,751 1981: 2,379 1982: 3,119 1983: 2,345 1984*c: 2,409 1985: 2,138 1986: 1,765 1987: 2,527 1988: 1,831 1989: 2,604 1990: 1,810 1991: 1,830 1992: 1,853 1993*c: 1,705 1994: 1,700 1995: 2,020 1996: 2,215 1997: 2,195 1998: 2,162 Group Texas Income Year 1980: 1,591 1981: 2,556 1982: 2,686 1983: 2,466 1984*c: 2,163 1985: 1,671 1986: 1,660 1987: 1,984 1988: 2,211 1989: 1,544 1990: 1,441 1991: 1,438 1992: 1,610 1993*c: 1,263 1994: 1,504 1995: 2,454 1996: 2,907 1997: 1,927 1998: 1,663 Group Utah Income Year 1980: 1,875 1981: 1,875 1982: 3,214 1983: 2,406 1984*c: 2,862 1985: 2,086 1986: 2,834 1987: 4,855 1988: 1,676 1989: 2,780 1990: 2,873 1991: 4,103 1992: 4,339 1993*c: 3,104 1994: 4,352 1995: 3,951 1996: 2,125 1997: 7,431 1998: 4,523 Group Vermont Income Year 1980: 1,289 1981: 941 1982: 887 1983: 1,196 1984*c: 1,564 1985: 1,969 1986: 1,646 1987: 781 1988: 1,383 1989: 4,191 1990: 3,909 1991: 2,452 1992: 2,161 1993*c: 2,343 1994: 3,852 1995: 3,404 1996: 2,913 1997: 3,081 1998: 3,862 Group Virginia Income Year 1980: 1,621 1981: 3,784 1982: 4,114 1983: 4,115 1984*c: 5,456 1985: 2,840 1986: 2,658 1987: 2,841 1988: 3,057 1989: 3,484 1990: 2,978 1991: 3,236 1992: 3,441 1993*c: 3,488 1994: 2,629 1995: 3,617 1996: 4,930 1997: 3,783 1998: 10,288 Group Washington Income Year 1980: 2,503 1981: 2,751 1982: 3,349 1983: 5,801 1984*c: 6,236 1985: 2,462 1986: 4,166 1987: 3,761 1988: 3,491 1989: 4,976 1990: 2,013 1991: 3,101 1992: 4,374 1993*c: 2,577 1994: 8,304 1995: 2,678 1996: 4,352 1997: 5,035 1998: 3,630 Group West Virginia Income Year 1980: 1,755 1981: 990 1982: 1,287 1983: 950 1984*c: 1,711 1985: 1,513 1986: 1,378 1987: 1,264 1988: 1,364 1989: 1,374 1990: 1,282 1991: 3,659 1992: 1,804 1993*c: 2,406 1994: 1,657 1995: 1,514 1996: 1,438 1997: 2,261 1998: 2,534 Group Wisconsin Income Year 1980: 2,150 1981: 3,282 1982: 2,641 1983: 3,149 1984*c: 2,892 1985: 3,143 1986: 4,591 1987: 3,331 1988: 3,463 1989: 2,560 1990: 2,819 1991: 2,900 1992: 2,354 1993*c: 1,858 1994: 4,844 1995: 3,172 1996: 2,613 1997: 3,412 1998: 3,621 Group Wyoming Income Year 1980: 1,195 1981: 1,627 1982: 2,044 1983: 1,732 1984*c: 1,985 1985: 1,352 1986: 1,777 1987: 1,484 1988: 1,435 1989: 2,778 1990: 4,185 1991: 2,188 1992: 5,883 1993*c: 3,081 1994: 2,919 1995: 2,509 1996: 2,514 1997: 1,674 1998: 6,795 Source: Author's calculations using the March Current Population Survey, 1981 through 1999. a. Persons with a disability are defined as those who report having (or are reported by the household's respondent as having), at the time of the survey, "a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do." b. The unit of the analysis is the individual not the household. Individuals are assumed to receive an equal share of their household's size-adjusted income. Size-adjusted income is household income by dividing income by the square root of household size. The CPS collect income for the year prior to the survey, the "income year". Income is before taxes but after public cash transfers. Negative sources of income are converted to zero. All dollar amounts are in 1998 dollars. c. In April of survey year 1984, sample weights based on the 1970 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1980 Census and the sample design was changed to increase the accuracy of state estimates. In survey year 1994, there were several changes in the CPS. It moved fully to computer-assisted survey interviews. Sample weights based on the 1980 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1990 Census. The Monthly Basic Survey was revised, and three new disability questions were added. It is possible that these changes affected the measurement of the population with a disability either through changes in the sample weights or in the way respondents answered disability questions. Appendix Table 2c. Standard Error of Median Household Size-Adjusted Income of Non-Institutionalized Civilian Women without a Disability Aged 25 Through 61 for the United States, and for Each State and the District of Columbia, Income Years 1980 through 1998 (in thousands)*a*b Group United States Income Year 1980: 118 1981: 127 1982: 131 1983: 131 1984*c: 144 1985: 143 1986: 148 1987: 152 1988: 161 1989: 157 1990: 151 1991: 148 1992: 146 1993*c: 150 1994: 151 1995: 214 1996: 225 1997: 237 1998: 238 Group Alabama Income Year 1980: 889 1981: 832 1982: 846 1983: 874 1984*c: 1,102 1985: 1,157 1986: 1,719 1987: 1,765 1988: 1,244 1989: 1,043 1990: 1,013 1991: 953 1992: 1,063 1993*c: 1,146 1994: 1,168 1995: 1,576 1996: 1,675 1997: 1,382 1998: 1,858 Group Alaska Income Year 1980: 336 1981: 425 1982: 401 1983: 387 1984*c: 580 1985: 589 1986: 583 1987: 578 1988: 541 1989: 1,289 1990: 1,308 1991: 1,222 1992: 1,140 1993*c: 1,172 1994: 1,140 1995: 1,519 1996: 1,666 1997: 1,769 1998: 1,786 Group Arizona Income Year 1980: 1,105 1981: 1,032 1982: 1,095 1983: 1,055 1984*c: 1,366 1985: 1,231 1986: 1,572 1987: 1,527 1988: 1,325 1989: 1,236 1990: 1,426 1991: 1,200 1992: 1,192 1993*c: 1,139 1994: 1,405 1995: 1,633 1996: 1,816 1997: 2,221 1998: 1,699 Group Arkansas Income Year 1980: 836 1981: 757 1982: 901 1983: 786 1984*c: 802 1985: 844 1986: 868 1987: 1,095 1988: 853 1989: 983 1990: 957 1991: 1,123 1992: 1,126 1993*c: 989 1994: 938 1995: 1,222 1996: 1,123 1997: 1,283 1998: 1,416 Group California Income Year 1980: 438 1981: 485 1982: 526 1983: 492 1984*c: 623 1985: 617 1986: 625 1987: 645 1988: 954 1989: 566 1990: 554 1991: 540 1992: 536 1993*c: 555 1994: 515 1995: 789 1996: 799 1997: 790 1998: 831 Group Colorado Income Year 1980: 782 1981: 1,037 1982: 1,005 1983: 981 1984*c: 1,374 1985: 1,456 1986: 1,489 1987: 1,370 1988: 1,258 1989: 1,349 1990: 1,307 1991: 1,286 1992: 1,428 1993*c: 1,233 1994: 1,426 1995: 1,922 1996: 1,814 1997: 2,232 1998: 2,096 Group Connecticut Income Year 1980: 982 1981: 1,060 1982: 1,188 1983: 1,103 1984*c: 1,453 1985: 1,381 1986: 1,585 1987: 1,500 1988: 1,753 1989: 1,670 1990: 1,725 1991: 1,353 1992: 1,560 1993*c: 1,386 1994: 1,697 1995: 1,904 1996: 2,591 1997: 1,971 1998: 2,455 Group Delaware Income Year 1980: 825 1981: 597 1982: 562 1983: 535 1984*c: 534 1985: 522 1986: 558 1987: 540 1988: 553 1989: 1,259 1990: 1,153 1991: 1,315 1992: 1,178 1993*c: 1,216 1994: 1,195 1995: 1,706 1996: 1,905 1997: 2,663 1998: 1,320 Group DC Income Year 1980: 1,402 1981: 786 1982: 885 1983: 939 1984*c: 915 1985: 842 1986: 803 1987: 813 1988: 796 1989: 1,853 1990: 1,935 1991: 2,218 1992: 2,245 1993*c: 2,415 1994: 2,145 1995: 2,510 1996: 2,802 1997: 3,442 1998: 3,684 Group Florida Income Year 1980: 548 1981: 781 1982: 696 1983: 795 1984*c: 699 1985: 578 1986: 590 1987: 592 1988: 555 1989: 606 1990: 652 1991: 627 1992: 585 1993*c: 611 1994: 602 1995: 904 1996: 908 1997: 937 1998: 1,007 Group Georgia Income Year 1980: 793 1981: 1,067 1982: 1,159 1983: 1,086 1984*c: 1,579 1985: 1,458 1986: 1,440 1987: 1,562 1988: 1,425 1989: 1,358 1990: 1,214 1991: 1,154 1992: 1,233 1993*c: 1,165 1994: 1,131 1995: 1,348 1996: 1,550 1997: 1,594 1998: 1,515 Group Hawaii Income Year 1980: 692 1981: 642 1982: 546 1983: 575 1984*c: 682 1985: 706 1986: 676 1987: 733 1988: 663 1989: 1,577 1990: 1,557 1991: 1,349 1992: 1,348 1993*c: 1,353 1994: 1,460 1995: 2,147 1996: 1,724 1997: 1,935 1998: 1,550 Group Idaho Income Year 1980: 527 1981: 535 1982: 520 1983: 629 1984*c: 512 1985: 505 1986: 491 1987: 526 1988: 614 1989: 1,048 1990: 939 1991: 951 1992: 1,082 1993*c: 1,028 1994: 1,144 1995: 1,403 1996: 1,412 1997: 1,529 1998: 1,909 Group Illinois Income Year 1980: 549 1981: 734 1982: 701 1983: 739 1984*c: 613 1985: 607 1986: 638 1987: 686 1988: 675 1989: 749 1990: 676 1991: 642 1992: 654 1993*c: 616 1994: 687 1995: 994 1996: 984 1997: 1,138 1998: 1,124 Group Indiana Income Year 1980: 682 1981: 775 1982: 757 1983: 785 1984*c: 980 1985: 1,068 1986: 924 1987: 1,105 1988: 1,249 1989: 1,106 1990: 982 1991: 1,078 1992: 1,024 1993*c: 966 1994: 1,244 1995: 2,015 1996: 1,994 1997: 1,687 1998: 1,676 Group Iowa Income Year 1980: 923 1981: 1,038 1982: 1,020 1983: 1,017 1984*c: 1,038 1985: 907 1986: 873 1987: 1,054 1988: 907 1989: 953 1990: 1,110 1991: 1,061 1992: 954 1993*c: 991 1994: 1,263 1995: 1,462 1996: 1,255 1997: 1,742 1998: 1,774 Group Kansas Income Year 1980: 896 1981: 902 1982: 1,118 1983: 910 1984*c: 857 1985: 993 1986: 902 1987: 926 1988: 822 1989: 1,335 1990: 1,138 1991: 1,003 1992: 1,040 1993*c: 1,095 1994: 1,118 1995: 2,105 1996: 1,766 1997: 1,799 1998: 2,049 Group Kentucky Income Year 1980: 921 1981: 1,073 1982: 1,173 1983: 1,119 1984*c: 1,190 1985: 1,093 1986: 1,093 1987: 1,342 1988: 989 1989: 1,208 1990: 1,074 1991: 1,157 1992: 1,153 1993*c: 1,129 1994: 1,216 1995: 1,507 1996: 1,253 1997: 1,793 1998: 1,906 Group Louisiana Income Year 1980: 903 1981: 1,054 1982: 918 1983: 897 1984*c: 1,705 1985: 1,602 1986: 1,769 1987: 1,507 1988: 1,431 1989: 1,302 1990: 1,206 1991: 1,336 1992: 1,073 1993*c: 1,050 1994: 1,202 1995: 1,183 1996: 1,401 1997: 1,809 1998: 1,335 Group Maine Income Year 1980: 690 1981: 505 1982: 588 1983: 506 1984*c: 587 1985: 727 1986: 740 1987: 662 1988: 589 1989: 1,085 1990: 994 1991: 1,229 1992: 964 1993*c: 1,018 1994: 1,212 1995: 1,074 1996: 1,768 1997: 1,677 1998: 1,863 Group Maryland Income Year 1980: 1,078 1981: 1,030 1982: 1,142 1983: 1,157 1984*c: 1,428 1985: 1,262 1986: 1,372 1987: 1,191 1988: 1,573 1989: 1,503 1990: 1,412 1991: 1,215 1992: 1,205 1993*c: 1,382 1994: 1,388 1995: 1,962 1996: 2,142 1997: 1,778 1998: 1,845 Group Massachusetts Income Year 1980: 774 1981: 694 1982: 684 1983: 771 1984*c: 474 1985: 475 1986: 504 1987: 518 1988: 464 1989: 801 1990: 712 1991: 726 1992: 747 1993*c: 816 1994: 692 1995: 1,473 1996: 1,616 1997: 1,499 1998: 1,320 Group Michigan Income Year 1980: 657 1981: 667 1982: 652 1983: 721 1984*c: 555 1985: 598 1986: 565 1987: 630 1988: 545 1989: 660 1990: 654 1991: 671 1992: 647 1993*c: 641 1994: 649 1995: 1,030 1996: 1,096 1997: 1,034 1998: 1,191 Group Minnesota Income Year 1980: 930 1981: 1,003 1982: 1,026 1983: 1,067 1984*c: 1,239 1985: 1,447 1986: 1,592 1987: 1,626 1988: 1,289 1989: 1,226 1990: 1,325 1991: 1,367 1992: 1,175 1993*c: 1,245 1994: 1,195 1995: 1,670 1996: 1,734 1997: 1,591 1998: 1,678 Group Mississippi Income Year 1980: 785 1981: 806 1982: 787 1983: 744 1984*c: 716 1985: 751 1986: 804 1987: 1,006 1988: 919 1989: 1,000 1990: 1,007 1991: 994 1992: 908 1993*c: 1,031 1994: 926 1995: 1,133 1996: 1,418 1997: 1,474 1998: 1,163 Group Missouri Income Year 1980: 821 1981: 1,082 1982: 997 1983: 966 1984*c: 1,287 1985: 1,099 1986: 1,094 1987: 1,615 1988: 1,553 1989: 1,221 1990: 1,245 1991: 1,268 1992: 1,193 1993*c: 1,153 1994: 1,176 1995: 1,309 1996: 1,577 1997: 1,985 1998: 1,546 Group Montana Income Year 1980: 526 1981: 508 1982: 522 1983: 499 1984*c: 443 1985: 486 1986: 492 1987: 430 1988: 426 1989: 974 1990: 978 1991: 993 1992: 997 1993*c: 1,078 1994: 962 1995: 1,724 1996: 1,266 1997: 1,327 1998: 1,045 Group Nebraska Income Year 1980: 889 1981: 741 1982: 740 1983: 761 1984*c: 660 1985: 690 1986: 738 1987: 669 1988: 644 1989: 978 1990: 858 1991: 855 1992: 857 1993*c: 943 1994: 1,017 1995: 1,960 1996: 1,498 1997: 1,698 1998: 1,561 Group Nevada Income Year 1980: 556 1981: 678 1982: 656 1983: 628 1984*c: 884 1985: 775 1986: 781 1987: 964 1988: 626 1989: 1,148 1990: 1,300 1991: 1,406 1992: 1,206 1993*c: 1,055 1994: 1,294 1995: 1,589 1996: 1,258 1997: 2,028 1998: 1,639 Group New Hampshire Income Year 1980: 895 1981: 596 1982: 513 1983: 569 1984*c: 706 1985: 734 1986: 695 1987: 821 1988: 772 1989: 1,806 1990: 1,355 1991: 1,206 1992: 1,269 1993*c: 1,380 1994: 1,482 1995: 2,098 1996: 1,719 1997: 1,962 1998: 2,129 Group New Jersey Income Year 1980: 660 1981: 759 1982: 811 1983: 792 1984*c: 496 1985: 553 1986: 565 1987: 602 1988: 531 1989: 803 1990: 737 1991: 720 1992: 693 1993*c: 763 1994: 766 1995: 1,086 1996: 1,199 1997: 1,376 1998: 1,509 Group New Mexico Income Year 1980: 610 1981: 760 1982: 710 1983: 665 1984*c: 770 1985: 808 1986: 696 1987: 1,038 1988: 706 1989: 1,242 1990: 1,223 1991: 1,152 1992: 1,240 1993*c: 1,161 1994: 981 1995: 1,520 1996: 1,643 1997: 1,333 1998: 1,299 Group New York Income Year 1980: 452 1981: 499 1982: 519 1983: 528 1984*c: 472 1985: 482 1986: 534 1987: 524 1988: 709 1989: 580 1990: 563 1991: 541 1992: 550 1993*c: 539 1994: 562 1995: 863 1996: 957 1997: 981 1998: 1,034 Group North Carolina Income Year 1980: 727 1981: 801 1982: 829 1983: 808 1984*c: 400 1985: 385 1986: 404 1987: 470 1988: 405 1989: 602 1990: 561 1991: 558 1992: 569 1993*c: 600 1994: 650 1995: 1,102 1996: 1,244 1997: 1,626 1998: 1,367 Group North Dakota Income Year 1980: 448 1981: 574 1982: 550 1983: 504 1984*c: 443 1985: 425 1986: 498 1987: 392 1988: 349 1989: 852 1990: 1,022 1991: 878 1992: 874 1993*c: 1,065 1994: 1,017 1995: 1,331 1996: 1,331 1997: 1,489 1998: 1,644 Group Ohio Income Year 1980: 548 1981: 613 1982: 652 1983: 778 1984*c: 557 1985: 526 1986: 568 1987: 579 1988: 510 1989: 610 1990: 624 1991: 609 1992: 578 1993*c: 586 1994: 595 1995: 922 1996: 1,082 1997: 1,200 1998: 1,460 Group Oklahoma Income Year 1980: 1,245 1981: 967 1982: 1,050 1983: 976 1984*c: 1,111 1985: 1,100 1986: 1,077 1987: 1,093 1988: 1,113 1989: 1,203 1990: 1,090 1991: 1,089 1992: 1,047 1993*c: 1,102 1994: 1,165 1995: 1,356 1996: 1,518 1997: 1,719 1998: 1,568 Group Oregon Income Year 1980: 1,168 1981: 815 1982: 959 1983: 919 1984*c: 1,267 1985: 1,335 1986: 1,226 1987: 1,346 1988: 1,073 1989: 1,255 1990: 1,267 1991: 1,131 1992: 1,197 1993*c: 1,228 1994: 1,200 1995: 1,901 1996: 2,008 1997: 1,919 1998: 1,857 Group Pennsylvania Income Year 1980: 501 1981: 567 1982: 579 1983: 618 1984*c: 517 1985: 580 1986: 579 1987: 560 1988: 532 1989: 659 1990: 616 1991: 621 1992: 605 1993*c: 625 1994: 641 1995: 1,000 1996: 1,189 1997: 1,112 1998: 1,011 Group Rhode Island Income Year 1980: 826 1981: 528 1982: 688 1983: 577 1984*c: 694 1985: 708 1986: 768 1987: 688 1988: 663 1989: 1,292 1990: 1,401 1991: 1,502 1992: 1,376 1993*c: 1,468 1994: 1,486 1995: 2,141 1996: 2,288 1997: 2,711 1998: 2,734 Group South Carolina Income Year 1980: 859 1981: 872 1982: 708 1983: 739 1984*c: 998 1985: 988 1986: 1,036 1987: 931 1988: 976 1989: 1,221 1990: 959 1991: 935 1992: 970 1993*c: 1,088 1994: 1,124 1995: 1,611 1996: 2,059 1997: 1,228 1998: 1,643 Group South Dakota Income Year 1980: 455 1981: 466 1982: 393 1983: 428 1984*c: 358 1985: 374 1986: 354 1987: 384 1988: 337 1989: 1,004 1990: 890 1991: 996 1992: 850 1993*c: 964 1994: 996 1995: 1,312 1996: 1,407 1997: 1,969 1998: 1,657 Group Tennessee Income Year 1980: 773 1981: 913 1982: 1,135 1983: 1,105 1984*c: 1,344 1985: 1,341 1986: 1,333 1987: 1,408 1988: 1,297 1989: 1,201 1990: 968 1991: 944 1992: 926 1993*c: 1,312 1994: 1,081 1995: 1,998 1996: 1,598 1997: 1,751 1998: 1,578 Group Texas Income Year 1980: 524 1981: 735 1982: 796 1983: 767 1984*c: 809 1985: 739 1986: 783 1987: 752 1988: 675 1989: 617 1990: 619 1991: 648 1992: 607 1993*c: 589 1994: 616 1995: 829 1996: 969 1997: 955 1998: 932 Group Utah Income Year 1980: 542 1981: 607 1982: 597 1983: 668 1984*c: 708 1985: 755 1986: 722 1987: 795 1988: 657 1989: 1,061 1990: 930 1991: 964 1992: 1,059 1993*c: 957 1994: 1,086 1995: 1,713 1996: 1,455 1997: 1,737 1998: 1,463 Group Vermont Income Year 1980: 526 1981: 367 1982: 395 1983: 435 1984*c: 575 1985: 542 1986: 525 1987: 508 1988: 547 1989: 1,451 1990: 1,150 1991: 1,253 1992: 1,172 1993*c: 1,268 1994: 1,087 1995: 1,480 1996: 1,478 1997: 1,504 1998: 1,674 Group Virginia Income Year 1980: 860 1981: 1,337 1982: 1,664 1983: 1,478 1984*c: 1,287 1985: 1,351 1986: 1,395 1987: 1,485 1988: 1,561 1989: 1,308 1990: 1,093 1991: 1,187 1992: 1,166 1993*c: 1,101 1994: 1,146 1995: 1,886 1996: 1,796 1997: 2,182 1998: 2,065 Group Washington Income Year 1980: 968 1981: 1,179 1982: 1,203 1983: 1,162 1984*c: 1,487 1985: 1,609 1986: 1,864 1987: 1,492 1988: 1,295 1989: 1,132 1990: 1,223 1991: 1,218 1992: 1,155 1993*c: 1,139 1994: 1,405 1995: 1,583 1996: 1,892 1997: 1,758 1998: 1,568 Group West Virginia Income Year 1980: 731 1981: 542 1982: 660 1983: 656 1984*c: 825 1985: 661 1986: 815 1987: 752 1988: 690 1989: 957 1990: 1,017 1991: 918 1992: 1,126 1993*c: 1,193 1994: 975 1995: 1,181 1996: 1,357 1997: 1,566 1998: 1,346 Group Wisconsin Income Year 1980: 818 1981: 1,084 1982: 1,382 1983: 1,193 1984*c: 1,193 1985: 1,371 1986: 1,143 1987: 1,209 1988: 1,241 1989: 1,126 1990: 1,012 1991: 893 1992: 1,018 1993*c: 1,033 1994: 1,147 1995: 1,517 1996: 1,240 1997: 2,040 1998: 1,660 Group Wyoming Income Year 1980: 418 1981: 457 1982: 488 1983: 498 1984*c: 669 1985: 541 1986: 493 1987: 568 1988: 553 1989: 1,372 1990: 1,256 1991: 1,271 1992: 1,199 1993*c: 1,241 1994: 1,392 1995: 1,471 1996: 1,061 1997: 1,180 1998: 2,014 Source: Author's calculations using the March Current Population Survey, 1981 through 1999. a. Persons with a disability are defined as those who report having (or are reported by the household's respondent as having), at the time of the survey, "a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do." b. The unit of the analysis is the individual not the household. Individuals are assumed to receive an equal share of their household's size-adjusted income. Size-adjusted income is household income by dividing income by the square root of household size. The CPS collect income for the year prior to the survey, the "income year". Income is before taxes but after public cash transfers. Negative sources of income are converted to zero. All dollar amounts are in 1998 dollars. c. In April of survey year 1984, sample weights based on the 1970 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1980 Census and the sample design was changed to increase the accuracy of state estimates. In survey year 1994, there were several changes in the CPS. It moved fully to computer-assisted survey interviews. Sample weights based on the 1980 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1990 Census. The Monthly Basic Survey was revised, and three new disability questions were added. It is possible that these changes affected the measurement of the population with a disability either through changes in the sample weights or in the way respondents answered disability questions. Appendix Table 2d. Standard Error of Median Household Size-Adjusted Income of Non-Institutionalized Civilian Women with a Disability Aged 25 Through 61 for the United States, and for Each State and the District of Columbia, Income Years 1980 through 1998 (in thousands)*a*b Group United States Income Year 1980: 344 1981: 387 1982: 395 1983: 386 1984*c: 401 1985: 419 1986: 427 1987: 432 1988: 459 1989: 427 1990: 449 1991: 403 1992: 415 1993*c: 385 1994: 400 1995: 547 1996: 474 1997: 532 1998: 547 Group Alabama Income Year 1980: 1,588 1981: 2,490 1982: 1,511 1983: 1,706 1984*c: 2,660 1985: 2,507 1986: 2,290 1987: 2,484 1988: 2,658 1989: 2,391 1990: 1,692 1991: 1,954 1992: 3,381 1993*c: 1,903 1994: 1,913 1995: 2,223 1996: 2,467 1997: 3,179 1998: 2,485 Group Alaska Income Year 1980: 1,577 1981: 1,920 1982: 1,870 1983: 1,815 1984*c: 1,785 1985: 2,199 1986: 1,705 1987: 1,497 1988: 2,433 1989: 4,204 1990: 4,207 1991: 4,011 1992: 4,269 1993*c: 3,862 1994: 3,916 1995: 5,071 1996: 3,528 1997: 2,278 1998: 3,742 Group Arizona Income Year 1980: 2,768 1981: 2,470 1982: 2,541 1983: 3,298 1984*c: 2,977 1985: 3,609 1986: 3,805 1987: 12,137 1988: 6,403 1989: 4,733 1990: 6,650 1991: 6,414 1992: 4,408 1993*c: 4,805 1994: 6,440 1995: 3,960 1996: 2,717 1997: 2,840 1998: 3,362 Group Arkansas Income Year 1980: 2,074 1981: 1,591 1982: 1,132 1983: 1,874 1984*c: 2,060 1985: 2,271 1986: 1,752 1987: 2,241 1988: 1,470 1989: 1,883 1990: 1,733 1991: 2,155 1992: 1,555 1993*c: 1,725 1994: 2,301 1995: 1,846 1996: 2,572 1997: 2,042 1998: 1,857 Group California Income Year 1980: 1,160 1981: 1,271 1982: 1,594 1983: 1,461 1984*c: 1,692 1985: 1,623 1986: 1,783 1987: 2,061 1988: 2,184 1989: 1,644 1990: 2,102 1991: 1,231 1992: 1,484 1993*c: 1,406 1994: 1,565 1995: 2,131 1996: 1,842 1997: 1,769 1998: 2,371 Group Colorado Income Year 1980: 2,739 1981: 4,348 1982: 3,472 1983: 4,455 1984*c: 3,254 1985: 8,824 1986: 3,958 1987: 4,398 1988: 4,142 1989: 5,666 1990: 4,260 1991: 3,132 1992: 2,904 1993*c: 6,545 1994: 3,722 1995: 2,851 1996: 2,772 1997: 2,744 1998: 5,010 Group Connecticut Income Year 1980: 3,785 1981: 6,330 1982: 3,696 1983: 3,550 1984*c: 7,711 1985: 7,484 1986: 5,521 1987: 3,395 1988: 7,392 1989: 8,679 1990: 9,046 1991: 4,321 1992: 3,537 1993*c: 2,970 1994: 10,952 1995: 5,516 1996: 5,126 1997: 5,255 1998: 3,442 Group Delaware Income Year 1980: 1,715 1981: 1,222 1982: 1,658 1983: 2,349 1984*c: 1,490 1985: 1,331 1986: 1,284 1987: 1,628 1988: 1,193 1989: 3,818 1990: 3,894 1991: 3,823 1992: 6,361 1993*c: 3,763 1994: 2,838 1995: 3,507 1996: 4,002 1997: 6,689 1998: 3,061 Group DC Income Year 1980: 1,954 1981: 1,575 1982: 937 1983: 1,356 1984*c: 1,689 1985: 1,223 1986: 1,916 1987: 1,707 1988: 1,375 1989: 4,775 1990: 3,685 1991: 4,874 1992: 7,794 1993*c: 3,630 1994: 2,627 1995: 1,775 1996: 3,254 1997: 4,170 1998: 4,681 Group Florida Income Year 1980: 1,722 1981: 1,937 1982: 1,605 1983: 1,764 1984*c: 1,547 1985: 2,090 1986: 2,265 1987: 1,546 1988: 2,061 1989: 2,096 1990: 1,541 1991: 2,094 1992: 2,030 1993*c: 1,676 1994: 1,578 1995: 4,919 1996: 1,581 1997: 3,126 1998: 2,952 Group Georgia Income Year 1980: 2,110 1981: 2,725 1982: 3,460 1983: 2,525 1984*c: 3,477 1985: 3,693 1986: 3,946 1987: 4,870 1988: 2,796 1989: 2,301 1990: 3,464 1991: 2,199 1992: 2,407 1993*c: 1,997 1994: 2,825 1995: 2,398 1996: 3,257 1997: 3,597 1998: 2,815 Group Hawaii Income Year 1980: 2,032 1981: 1,513 1982: 2,456 1983: 2,298 1984*c: 4,062 1985: 5,114 1986: 1,988 1987: 4,367 1988: 4,509 1989: 4,521 1990: 4,249 1991: 7,509 1992: 4,074 1993*c: 4,402 1994: 4,883 1995: 6,349 1996: 7,676 1997: 6,018 1998: 5,922 Group Idaho Income Year 1980: 1,432 1981: 1,613 1982: 1,952 1983: 2,099 1984*c: 1,135 1985: 1,449 1986: 1,784 1987: 2,499 1988: 947 1989: 2,445 1990: 3,427 1991: 1,791 1992: 3,907 1993*c: 3,404 1994: 2,550 1995: 2,379 1996: 3,285 1997: 2,487 1998: 2,610 Group Illinois Income Year 1980: 2,064 1981: 1,953 1982: 2,406 1983: 2,238 1984*c: 2,081 1985: 1,759 1986: 1,984 1987: 1,837 1988: 1,923 1989: 2,363 1990: 2,520 1991: 2,618 1992: 2,154 1993*c: 1,560 1994: 1,668 1995: 2,441 1996: 2,770 1997: 4,450 1998: 4,799 Group Indiana Income Year 1980: 1,886 1981: 2,005 1982: 3,102 1983: 2,542 1984*c: 2,869 1985: 2,188 1986: 2,543 1987: 2,480 1988: 2,530 1989: 4,427 1990: 3,869 1991: 2,747 1992: 3,474 1993*c: 2,680 1994: 2,553 1995: 3,180 1996: 2,978 1997: 1,703 1998: 2,692 Group Iowa Income Year 1980: 2,672 1981: 2,340 1982: 3,053 1983: 5,040 1984*c: 2,393 1985: 3,823 1986: 2,395 1987: 2,701 1988: 3,458 1989: 3,710 1990: 4,700 1991: 1,786 1992: 2,990 1993*c: 2,193 1994: 3,732 1995: 2,381 1996: 2,726 1997: 2,804 1998: 4,584 Group Kansas Income Year 1980: 2,871 1981: 3,608 1982: 2,459 1983: 3,329 1984*c: 2,836 1985: 3,078 1986: 3,384 1987: 2,191 1988: 6,850 1989: 3,234 1990: 3,271 1991: 3,942 1992: 3,124 1993*c: 4,050 1994: 2,349 1995: 4,464 1996: 4,888 1997: 2,920 1998: 5,204 Group Kentucky Income Year 1980: 2,293 1981: 3,091 1982: 1,669 1983: 3,635 1984*c: 3,758 1985: 2,321 1986: 4,219 1987: 2,208 1988: 2,041 1989: 2,660 1990: 1,828 1991: 2,483 1992: 1,796 1993*c: 1,632 1994: 1,799 1995: 2,001 1996: 2,216 1997: 3,088 1998: 2,939 Group Louisiana Income Year 1980: 2,211 1981: 3,405 1982: 3,231 1983: 2,166 1984*c: 3,213 1985: 3,684 1986: 2,626 1987: 1,718 1988: 3,190 1989: 2,329 1990: 2,175 1991: 2,803 1992: 2,323 1993*c: 2,650 1994: 4,049 1995: 1,761 1996: 2,181 1997: 3,329 1998: 2,864 Group Maine Income Year 1980: 1,676 1981: 1,654 1982: 1,586 1983: 1,355 1984*c: 2,299 1985: 958 1986: 1,487 1987: 1,405 1988: 1,385 1989: 3,891 1990: 3,205 1991: 2,681 1992: 2,426 1993*c: 2,235 1994: 2,051 1995: 2,018 1996: 4,202 1997: 2,400 1998: 2,405 Group Maryland Income Year 1980: 3,601 1981: 4,189 1982: 4,095 1983: 4,243 1984*c: 2,814 1985: 4,191 1986: 6,847 1987: 4,564 1988: 4,206 1989: 4,099 1990: 3,818 1991: 3,694 1992: 4,949 1993*c: 4,108 1994: 2,665 1995: 3,820 1996: 2,727 1997: 3,929 1998: 3,737 Group Massachusetts Income Year 1980: 1,950 1981: 2,796 1982: 2,108 1983: 2,988 1984*c: 1,446 1985: 1,668 1986: 1,332 1987: 1,584 1988: 1,675 1989: 2,149 1990: 2,319 1991: 1,816 1992: 2,455 1993*c: 2,063 1994: 2,677 1995: 3,215 1996: 2,674 1997: 6,038 1998: 2,485 Group Michigan Income Year 1980: 1,651 1981: 1,955 1982: 2,117 1983: 1,596 1984*c: 1,418 1985: 1,534 1986: 1,382 1987: 1,581 1988: 1,181 1989: 1,770 1990: 2,132 1991: 1,597 1992: 1,500 1993*c: 1,883 1994: 1,552 1995: 1,786 1996: 2,635 1997: 1,846 1998: 1,496 Group Minnesota Income Year 1980: 3,204 1981: 3,608 1982: 4,481 1983: 4,086 1984*c: 3,965 1985: 4,761 1986: 4,080 1987: 5,598 1988: 6,956 1989: 3,549 1990: 4,224 1991: 3,826 1992: 3,695 1993*c: 3,746 1994: 3,076 1995: 4,146 1996: 2,714 1997: 2,201 1998: 4,362 Group Mississippi Income Year 1980: 1,058 1981: 2,669 1982: 2,004 1983: 1,947 1984*c: 1,152 1985: 1,378 1986: 2,942 1987: 1,889 1988: 1,349 1989: 1,765 1990: 1,383 1991: 3,084 1992: 2,629 1993*c: 2,551 1994: 3,756 1995: 1,646 1996: 6,914 1997: 1,901 1998: 3,353 Group Missouri Income Year 1980: 1,921 1981: 3,959 1982: 2,924 1983: 3,007 1984*c: 2,801 1985: 2,920 1986: 3,355 1987: 3,467 1988: 3,993 1989: 4,021 1990: 3,150 1991: 2,316 1992: 3,180 1993*c: 1,862 1994: 4,594 1995: 2,807 1996: 1,936 1997: 2,579 1998: 2,714 Group Montana Income Year 1980: 1,962 1981: 1,805 1982: 1,694 1983: 1,327 1984*c: 1,845 1985: 2,034 1986: 2,056 1987: 1,377 1988: 1,487 1989: 3,319 1990: 2,296 1991: 3,580 1992: 2,458 1993*c: 3,499 1994: 2,179 1995: 5,089 1996: 4,165 1997: 2,282 1998: 1,902 Group Nebraska Income Year 1980: 2,919 1981: 2,058 1982: 2,512 1983: 2,450 1984*c: 2,466 1985: 2,013 1986: 2,439 1987: 2,092 1988: 5,225 1989: 3,510 1990: 5,227 1991: 3,722 1992: 4,452 1993*c: 3,643 1994: 7,168 1995: 4,189 1996: 4,426 1997: 2,866 1998: 6,565 Group Nevada Income Year 1980: 1,740 1981: 1,946 1982: 3,477 1983: 3,044 1984*c: 2,496 1985: 2,331 1986: 6,218 1987: 2,650 1988: 1,717 1989: 3,999 1990: 3,481 1991: 3,290 1992: 3,483 1993*c: 4,832 1994: 3,057 1995: 6,518 1996: 5,598 1997: 3,121 1998: 4,260 Group New Hampshire Income Year 1980: 2,182 1981: 2,100 1982: 1,927 1983: 2,429 1984*c: 2,630 1985: 2,184 1986: 2,445 1987: 2,517 1988: 1,772 1989: 3,652 1990: 5,511 1991: 3,149 1992: 3,943 1993*c: 7,082 1994: 6,409 1995: 3,642 1996: 2,810 1997: 4,649 1998: 4,027 Group New Jersey Income Year 1980: 2,642 1981: 2,065 1982: 3,050 1983: 3,199 1984*c: 2,096 1985: 1,694 1986: 1,719 1987: 1,915 1988: 1,597 1989: 2,215 1990: 2,545 1991: 3,200 1992: 1,947 1993*c: 2,248 1994: 1,883 1995: 2,679 1996: 1,877 1997: 2,729 1998: 5,630 Group New Mexico Income Year 1980: 2,267 1981: 2,218 1982: 2,068 1983: 1,496 1984*c: 2,079 1985: 1,873 1986: 1,574 1987: 2,479 1988: 1,038 1989: 2,151 1990: 2,352 1991: 3,504 1992: 2,516 1993*c: 3,639 1994: 1,917 1995: 3,081 1996: 6,355 1997: 3,318 1998: 3,652 Group New York Income Year 1980: 1,338 1981: 1,130 1982: 1,268 1983: 1,322 1984*c: 960 1985: 1,239 1986: 1,451 1987: 1,248 1988: 2,145 1989: 1,640 1990: 1,470 1991: 1,371 1992: 1,232 1993*c: 1,154 1994: 1,207 1995: 1,973 1996: 1,457 1997: 2,271 1998: 1,297 Group North Carolina Income Year 1980: 1,636 1981: 1,792 1982: 1,996 1983: 2,170 1984*c: 1,055 1985: 793 1986: 1,130 1987: 1,457 1988: 1,149 1989: 1,458 1990: 1,568 1991: 1,591 1992: 1,688 1993*c: 1,265 1994: 1,162 1995: 1,623 1996: 1,751 1997: 3,298 1998: 1,568 Group North Dakota Income Year 1980: 1,723 1981: 4,232 1982: 2,374 1983: 2,910 1984*c: 1,316 1985: 2,351 1986: 1,869 1987: 1,523 1988: 1,350 1989: 2,697 1990: 3,266 1991: 3,656 1992: 3,411 1993*c: 4,268 1994: 3,826 1995: 3,203 1996: 8,059 1997: 3,496 1998: 2,673 Group Ohio Income Year 1980: 1,778 1981: 2,491 1982: 2,336 1983: 1,814 1984*c: 1,365 1985: 1,763 1986: 1,553 1987: 1,605 1988: 1,833 1989: 1,766 1990: 2,002 1991: 1,371 1992: 1,837 1993*c: 1,758 1994: 1,613 1995: 1,670 1996: 1,544 1997: 2,622 1998: 2,641 Group Oklahoma Income Year 1980: 2,989 1981: 4,282 1982: 4,253 1983: 1,661 1984*c: 2,288 1985: 2,412 1986: 2,495 1987: 1,652 1988: 1,867 1989: 1,690 1990: 2,175 1991: 2,714 1992: 3,272 1993*c: 1,736 1994: 2,868 1995: 2,530 1996: 2,856 1997: 2,454 1998: 3,081 Group Oregon Income Year 1980: 3,090 1981: 2,116 1982: 2,916 1983: 2,342 1984*c: 3,097 1985: 2,475 1986: 3,721 1987: 3,539 1988: 2,174 1989: 2,397 1990: 3,043 1991: 2,655 1992: 2,344 1993*c: 4,954 1994: 2,734 1995: 2,718 1996: 2,970 1997: 2,920 1998: 3,150 Group Pennsylvania Income Year 1980: 1,471 1981: 1,507 1982: 1,860 1983: 1,776 1984*c: 1,222 1985: 1,535 1986: 1,742 1987: 1,563 1988: 1,510 1989: 2,187 1990: 1,444 1991: 1,649 1992: 1,327 1993*c: 1,441 1994: 1,694 1995: 2,381 1996: 1,506 1997: 1,723 1998: 1,545 Group Rhode Island Income Year 1980: 2,034 1981: 1,312 1982: 1,896 1983: 1,420 1984*c: 2,139 1985: 1,591 1986: 2,462 1987: 1,850 1988: 1,882 1989: 3,488 1990: 4,010 1991: 5,443 1992: 5,387 1993*c: 2,897 1994: 1,945 1995: 2,192 1996: 2,472 1997: 3,382 1998: 2,707 Group South Carolina Income Year 1980: 2,435 1981: 1,891 1982: 2,579 1983: 3,241 1984*c: 2,635 1985: 1,631 1986: 2,660 1987: 2,270 1988: 1,471 1989: 1,953 1990: 2,155 1991: 1,794 1992: 2,397 1993*c: 2,439 1994: 3,032 1995: 2,924 1996: 2,668 1997: 3,269 1998: 3,778 Group South Dakota Income Year 1980: 2,284 1981: 1,256 1982: 900 1983: 1,466 1984*c: 1,236 1985: 1,025 1986: 1,809 1987: 1,125 1988: 774 1989: 2,927 1990: 1,693 1991: 2,690 1992: 2,214 1993*c: 2,131 1994: 2,348 1995: 4,895 1996: 2,597 1997: 10,402 1998: 5,383 Group Tennessee Income Year 1980: 2,019 1981: 2,340 1982: 1,873 1983: 2,065 1984*c: 2,904 1985: 3,477 1986: 1,940 1987: 3,246 1988: 2,485 1989: 1,870 1990: 1,368 1991: 1,968 1992: 2,904 1993*c: 1,422 1994: 1,495 1995: 3,071 1996: 5,072 1997: 3,941 1998: 3,506 Group Texas Income Year 1980: 1,509 1981: 2,328 1982: 2,477 1983: 2,509 1984*c: 3,388 1985: 1,942 1986: 2,048 1987: 2,609 1988: 2,098 1989: 1,525 1990: 1,975 1991: 1,225 1992: 1,215 1993*c: 1,449 1994: 1,722 1995: 1,846 1996: 1,756 1997: 2,086 1998: 3,126 Group Utah Income Year 1980: 2,237 1981: 2,273 1982: 1,718 1983: 1,824 1984*c: 2,480 1985: 4,167 1986: 2,478 1987: 2,788 1988: 2,008 1989: 2,644 1990: 3,065 1991: 3,060 1992: 6,540 1993*c: 2,897 1994: 5,821 1995: 4,055 1996: 2,686 1997: 5,215 1998: 9,376 Group Vermont Income Year 1980: 1,480 1981: 1,160 1982: 1,103 1983: 919 1984*c: 1,468 1985: 1,004 1986: 1,268 1987: 1,781 1988: 868 1989: 2,861 1990: 1,925 1991: 2,170 1992: 2,136 1993*c: 1,951 1994: 4,089 1995: 3,815 1996: 3,024 1997: 4,327 1998: 6,701 Group Virginia Income Year 1980: 3,050 1981: 3,522 1982: 4,062 1983: 4,834 1984*c: 5,822 1985: 3,146 1986: 3,709 1987: 4,845 1988: 5,909 1989: 3,564 1990: 4,261 1991: 3,590 1992: 5,237 1993*c: 4,320 1994: 3,450 1995: 6,023 1996: 3,313 1997: 2,065 1998: 6,414 Group Washington Income Year 1980: 2,407 1981: 5,791 1982: 3,995 1983: 5,126 1984*c: 6,478 1985: 5,765 1986: 4,499 1987: 4,559 1988: 4,565 1989: 3,215 1990: 2,391 1991: 4,137 1992: 6,298 1993*c: 4,416 1994: 2,399 1995: 9,071 1996: 2,681 1997: 3,734 1998: 3,274 Group West Virginia Income Year 1980: 2,367 1981: 1,370 1982: 1,358 1983: 1,146 1984*c: 2,165 1985: 3,168 1986: 2,189 1987: 1,730 1988: 1,308 1989: 2,548 1990: 2,839 1991: 2,815 1992: 1,570 1993*c: 2,117 1994: 1,935 1995: 1,235 1996: 1,678 1997: 1,335 1998: 1,565 Group Wisconsin Income Year 1980: 3,831 1981: 3,683 1982: 4,448 1983: 2,808 1984*c: 3,716 1985: 3,610 1986: 8,800 1987: 6,183 1988: 4,686 1989: 3,192 1990: 2,623 1991: 2,695 1992: 2,376 1993*c: 2,815 1994: 2,964 1995: 6,237 1996: 8,081 1997: 3,863 1998: 6,401 Group Wyoming Income Year 1980: 1,368 1981: 1,388 1982: 1,311 1983: 1,241 1984*c: 1,443 1985: 1,278 1986: 1,686 1987: 1,115 1988: 1,512 1989: 3,190 1990: 5,280 1991: 3,331 1992: 8,107 1993*c: 3,184 1994: 3,640 1995: 3,744 1996: 3,099 1997: 3,676 1998: 3,170 Source: Author's calculations using the March Current Population Survey, 1981 through 1999. a. Persons with a disability are defined as those who report having (or are reported by the household's respondent as having), at the time of the survey, "a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do." b. The unit of the analysis is the individual not the household. Individuals are assumed to receive an equal share of their household's size-adjusted income. Size-adjusted income is household income by dividing income by the square root of household size. The CPS collect income for the year prior to the survey, the "income year". Income is before taxes but after public cash transfers. Negative sources of income are converted to zero. All dollar amounts are in 1998 dollars. c. In April of survey year 1984, sample weights based on the 1970 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1980 Census and the sample design was changed to increase the accuracy of state estimates. In survey year 1994, there were several changes in the CPS. It moved fully to computer-assisted survey interviews. Sample weights based on the 1980 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1990 Census. The Monthly Basic Survey was revised, and three new disability questions were added. It is possible that these changes affected the measurement of the population with a disability either through changes in the sample weights or in the way respondents answered disability questions. Appendix Table 3a. Estimated Population of Non-Institutionalized Civilian Men without a Disability Aged 25 through 61 in the United States, and for Each State and the District of Columbia, Income Years 1980 through 1998 (in thousands)*a*b Location United States Income Year 1980: 45,139 1981: 45,989 1982: 47,035 1983: 47,949 1984*c: 48,726 1985: 49,984 1986: 50,899 1987: 52,084 1988: 53,103 1989: 53,860 1990: 54,760 1991: 55,332 1992: 56,091 1993*c: 56,767 1994: 57,502 1995: 58,529 1996: 59,475 1997: 60,337 1998: 60,600 Location Alabama Income Year 1980: 703 1981: 728 1982: 791 1983: 806 1984*c: 779 1985: 826 1986: 810 1987: 831 1988: 850 1989: 835 1990: 851 1991: 856 1992: 887 1993*c: 824 1994: 897 1995: 850 1996: 850 1997: 939 1998: 914 Location Alaska Income Year 1980: 82 1981: 86 1982: 101 1983: 108 1984*c: 112 1985: 123 1986: 115 1987: 112 1988: 112 1989: 116 1990: 119 1991: 121 1992: 128 1993*c: 138 1994: 140 1995: 146 1996: 149 1997: 149 1998: 144 Location Arizona Income Year 1980: 512 1981: 534 1982: 541 1983: 594 1984*c: 615 1985: 700 1986: 701 1987: 735 1988: 764 1989: 731 1990: 754 1991: 788 1992: 702 1993*c: 877 1994: 911 1995: 883 1996: 939 1997: 975 1998: 1,055 Location Arkansas Income Year 1980: 400 1981: 394 1982: 384 1983: 397 1984*c: 420 1985: 441 1986: 427 1987: 471 1988: 483 1989: 464 1990: 476 1991: 482 1992: 483 1993*c: 481 1994: 536 1995: 497 1996: 513 1997: 486 1998: 483 Location California Income Year 1980: 5,035 1981: 5,155 1982: 5,345 1983: 5,433 1984*c: 5,622 1985: 5,934 1986: 6,073 1987: 6,358 1988: 6,293 1989: 6,604 1990: 6,834 1991: 7,133 1992: 7,145 1993*c: 7,118 1994: 7,246 1995: 7,395 1996: 7,686 1997: 7,616 1998: 7,680 Location Colorado Income Year 1980: 667 1981: 650 1982: 694 1983: 734 1984*c: 706 1985: 755 1986: 690 1987: 740 1988: 695 1989: 706 1990: 774 1991: 818 1992: 775 1993*c: 869 1994: 936 1995: 948 1996: 932 1997: 985 1998: 1,022 Location Connecticut Income Year 1980: 641 1981: 674 1982: 716 1983: 735 1984*c: 739 1985: 689 1986: 716 1987: 694 1988: 757 1989: 823 1990: 760 1991: 762 1992: 795 1993*c: 731 1994: 696 1995: 740 1996: 711 1997: 736 1998: 730 Location Delaware Income Year 1980: 120 1981: 121 1982: 126 1983: 120 1984*c: 124 1985: 134 1986: 143 1987: 148 1988: 153 1989: 154 1990: 166 1991: 159 1992: 178 1993*c: 172 1994: 159 1995: 166 1996: 165 1997: 153 1998: 164 Location DC Income Year 1980: 126 1981: 133 1982: 141 1983: 140 1984*c: 130 1985: 138 1986: 133 1987: 138 1988: 135 1989: 131 1990: 127 1991: 119 1992: 131 1993*c: 148 1994: 141 1995: 115 1996: 123 1997: 125 1998: 120 Location Florida Income Year 1980: 1,858 1981: 1,865 1982: 1,912 1983: 2,035 1984*c: 2,161 1985: 2,264 1986: 2,334 1987: 2,435 1988: 2,638 1989: 2,689 1990: 2,734 1991: 2,737 1992: 2,932 1993*c: 2,840 1994: 2,882 1995: 2,995 1996: 3,072 1997: 3,206 1998: 3,075 Location Georgia Income Year 1980: 988 1981: 1,058 1982: 1,099 1983: 1,161 1984*c: 1,123 1985: 1,172 1986: 1,277 1987: 1,271 1988: 1,318 1989: 1,333 1990: 1,419 1991: 1,342 1992: 1,397 1993*c: 1,573 1994: 1,621 1995: 1,576 1996: 1,735 1997: 1,685 1998: 1,660 Location Hawaii Income Year 1980: 187 1981: 194 1982: 191 1983: 204 1984*c: 211 1985: 221 1986: 211 1987: 228 1988: 225 1989: 239 1990: 257 1991: 250 1992: 256 1993*c: 246 1994: 253 1995: 256 1996: 253 1997: 241 1998: 258 Location Idaho Income Year 1980: 176 1981: 192 1982: 184 1983: 187 1984*c: 193 1985: 198 1986: 192 1987: 189 1988: 203 1989: 213 1990: 221 1991: 217 1992: 222 1993*c: 242 1994: 254 1995: 253 1996: 264 1997: 273 1998: 284 Location Illinois Income Year 1980: 2,260 1981: 2,315 1982: 2,454 1983: 2,432 1984*c: 2,434 1985: 2,448 1986: 2,486 1987: 2,518 1988: 2,572 1989: 2,653 1990: 2,652 1991: 2,670 1992: 2,648 1993*c: 2,579 1994: 2,545 1995: 2,652 1996: 2,566 1997: 2,687 1998: 2,738 Location Indiana Income Year 1980: 1,083 1981: 1,095 1982: 1,098 1983: 1,122 1984*c: 1,226 1985: 1,181 1986: 1,134 1987: 1,165 1988: 1,254 1989: 1,217 1990: 1,175 1991: 1,181 1992: 1,268 1993*c: 1,235 1994: 1,226 1995: 1,301 1996: 1,307 1997: 1,362 1998: 1,331 Location Iowa Income Year 1980: 573 1981: 571 1982: 560 1983: 583 1984*c: 594 1985: 549 1986: 595 1987: 620 1988: 626 1989: 629 1990: 625 1991: 607 1992: 638 1993*c: 616 1994: 597 1995: 620 1996: 644 1997: 636 1998: 638 Location Kansas Income Year 1980: 450 1981: 442 1982: 488 1983: 496 1984*c: 529 1985: 481 1986: 497 1987: 516 1988: 511 1989: 529 1990: 531 1991: 546 1992: 570 1993*c: 528 1994: 545 1995: 547 1996: 538 1997: 554 1998: 561 Location Kentucky Income Year 1980: 704 1981: 705 1982: 731 1983: 741 1984*c: 746 1985: 751 1986: 721 1987: 762 1988: 695 1989: 717 1990: 732 1991: 706 1992: 747 1993*c: 751 1994: 773 1995: 807 1996: 800 1997: 813 1998: 807 Location Louisiana Income Year 1980: 756 1981: 806 1982: 838 1983: 855 1984*c: 823 1985: 836 1986: 866 1987: 829 1988: 853 1989: 828 1990: 796 1991: 886 1992: 823 1993*c: 775 1994: 884 1995: 903 1996: 881 1997: 941 1998: 850 Location Maine Income Year 1980: 214 1981: 226 1982: 233 1983: 232 1984*c: 236 1985: 233 1986: 245 1987: 242 1988: 253 1989: 267 1990: 274 1991: 278 1992: 279 1993*c: 268 1994: 258 1995: 285 1996: 291 1997: 275 1998: 287 Location Maryland Income Year 1980: 931 1981: 900 1982: 879 1983: 935 1984*c: 930 1985: 947 1986: 1,016 1987: 1,033 1988: 1,082 1989: 1,083 1990: 1,171 1991: 1,144 1992: 1,193 1993*c: 1,139 1994: 1,204 1995: 1,178 1996: 1,158 1997: 1,214 1998: 1,226 Location Massachusetts Income Year 1980: 1,176 1981: 1,226 1982: 1,219 1983: 1,269 1984*c: 1,223 1985: 1,214 1986: 1,257 1987: 1,279 1988: 1,332 1989: 1,302 1990: 1,320 1991: 1,386 1992: 1,405 1993*c: 1,400 1994: 1,382 1995: 1,445 1996: 1,410 1997: 1,388 1998: 1,403 Location Michigan Income Year 1980: 1,849 1981: 1,826 1982: 1,781 1983: 1,870 1984*c: 1,825 1985: 1,868 1986: 1,899 1987: 1,996 1988: 2,007 1989: 1,954 1990: 2,071 1991: 2,063 1992: 2,055 1993*c: 2,102 1994: 2,062 1995: 2,089 1996: 2,112 1997: 2,123 1998: 2,242 Location Minnesota Income Year 1980: 812 1981: 846 1982: 865 1983: 932 1984*c: 891 1985: 885 1986: 952 1987: 964 1988: 984 1989: 926 1990: 951 1991: 944 1992: 987 1993*c: 1,004 1994: 1,110 1995: 1,073 1996: 1,116 1997: 1,079 1998: 1,080 Location Mississippi Income Year 1980: 420 1981: 414 1982: 448 1983: 456 1984*c: 424 1985: 485 1986: 506 1987: 505 1988: 482 1989: 494 1990: 497 1991: 502 1992: 509 1993*c: 483 1994: 519 1995: 503 1996: 544 1997: 564 1998: 538 Location Missouri Income Year 1980: 970 1981: 1,001 1982: 978 1983: 985 1984*c: 999 1985: 1,020 1986: 1,070 1987: 1,098 1988: 1,115 1989: 1,080 1990: 1,147 1991: 1,152 1992: 1,088 1993*c: 1,156 1994: 1,096 1995: 1,204 1996: 1,140 1997: 1,098 1998: 1,280 Location Montana Income Year 1980: 172 1981: 177 1982: 170 1983: 178 1984*c: 180 1985: 167 1986: 168 1987: 164 1988: 168 1989: 178 1990: 183 1991: 178 1992: 178 1993*c: 184 1994: 185 1995: 182 1996: 191 1997: 200 1998: 196 Location Nebraska Income Year 1980: 308 1981: 317 1982: 318 1983: 307 1984*c: 316 1985: 328 1986: 321 1987: 339 1988: 341 1989: 343 1990: 336 1991: 347 1992: 346 1993*c: 333 1994: 339 1995: 345 1996: 366 1997: 351 1998: 388 Location Nevada Income Year 1980: 202 1981: 213 1982: 224 1983: 220 1984*c: 210 1985: 225 1986: 235 1987: 247 1988: 280 1989: 287 1990: 286 1991: 292 1992: 315 1993*c: 370 1994: 386 1995: 389 1996: 409 1997: 399 1998: 444 Location New Hampshire Income Year 1980: 200 1981: 196 1982: 197 1983: 207 1984*c: 204 1985: 224 1986: 231 1987: 247 1988: 252 1989: 252 1990: 283 1991: 280 1992: 286 1993*c: 277 1994: 266 1995: 263 1996: 280 1997: 272 1998: 298 Location New Jersey Income Year 1980: 1,536 1981: 1,502 1982: 1,520 1983: 1,601 1984*c: 1,650 1985: 1,642 1986: 1,665 1987: 1,742 1988: 1,773 1989: 1,825 1990: 1,821 1991: 1,846 1992: 1,877 1993*c: 1,868 1994: 1,871 1995: 1,850 1996: 1,871 1997: 1,885 1998: 1,855 Location New Mexico Income Year 1980: 238 1981: 225 1982: 247 1983: 255 1984*c: 286 1985: 299 1986: 303 1987: 289 1988: 285 1989: 316 1990: 322 1991: 320 1992: 313 1993*c: 328 1994: 339 1995: 350 1996: 363 1997: 358 1998: 370 Location New York Income Year 1980: 3,450 1981: 3,535 1982: 3,505 1983: 3,467 1984*c: 3,614 1985: 3,692 1986: 3,795 1987: 3,725 1988: 3,808 1989: 3,947 1990: 3,917 1991: 3,880 1992: 3,802 1993*c: 3,950 1994: 3,908 1995: 4,074 1996: 4,028 1997: 3,986 1998: 3,937 Location North Carolina Income Year 1980: 1,218 1981: 1,177 1982: 1,223 1983: 1,244 1984*c: 1,264 1985: 1,282 1986: 1,314 1987: 1,363 1988: 1,423 1989: 1,441 1990: 1,448 1991: 1,447 1992: 1,431 1993*c: 1,452 1994: 1,511 1995: 1,595 1996: 1,668 1997: 1,661 1998: 1,669 Location North Dakota Income Year 1980: 128 1981: 131 1982: 132 1983: 138 1984*c: 145 1985: 138 1986: 130 1987: 139 1988: 139 1989: 135 1990: 128 1991: 133 1992: 129 1993*c: 131 1994: 130 1995: 138 1996: 136 1997: 132 1998: 134 Location Ohio Income Year 1980: 2,103 1981: 2,235 1982: 2,264 1983: 2,195 1984*c: 2,186 1985: 2,250 1986: 2,252 1987: 2,345 1988: 2,292 1989: 2,272 1990: 2,342 1991: 2,390 1992: 2,475 1993*c: 2,444 1994: 2,343 1995: 2,480 1996: 2,488 1997: 2,477 1998: 2,498 Location Oklahoma Income Year 1980: 570 1981: 583 1982: 584 1983: 598 1984*c: 670 1985: 645 1986: 655 1987: 656 1988: 652 1989: 685 1990: 662 1991: 681 1992: 660 1993*c: 694 1994: 669 1995: 648 1996: 660 1997: 713 1998: 699 Location Oregon Income Year 1980: 569 1981: 555 1982: 553 1983: 577 1984*c: 586 1985: 591 1986: 607 1987: 597 1988: 599 1989: 622 1990: 644 1991: 644 1992: 699 1993*c: 730 1994: 768 1995: 722 1996: 727 1997: 813 1998: 802 Location Pennsylvania Income Year 1980: 2,403 1981: 2,443 1982: 2,437 1983: 2,372 1984*c: 2,282 1985: 2,451 1986: 2,480 1987: 2,566 1988: 2,611 1989: 2,698 1990: 2,535 1991: 2,567 1992: 2,580 1993*c: 2,644 1994: 2,624 1995: 2,598 1996: 2,617 1997: 2,693 1998: 2,662 Location Rhode Island Income Year 1980: 172 1981: 172 1982: 179 1983: 195 1984*c: 188 1985: 196 1986: 223 1987: 223 1988: 216 1989: 215 1990: 220 1991: 230 1992: 224 1993*c: 222 1994: 208 1995: 211 1996: 208 1997: 207 1998: 232 Location South Carolina Income Year 1980: 622 1981: 620 1982: 612 1983: 600 1984*c: 685 1985: 659 1986: 656 1987: 698 1988: 762 1989: 716 1990: 739 1991: 779 1992: 751 1993*c: 778 1994: 786 1995: 797 1996: 838 1997: 857 1998: 848 Location South Dakota Income Year 1980: 127 1981: 128 1982: 133 1983: 145 1984*c: 141 1985: 140 1986: 138 1987: 147 1988: 153 1989: 149 1990: 149 1991: 145 1992: 157 1993*c: 156 1994: 161 1995: 159 1996: 152 1997: 144 1998: 152 Location Tennessee Income Year 1980: 932 1981: 864 1982: 897 1983: 942 1984*c: 947 1985: 928 1986: 936 1987: 1,056 1988: 1,039 1989: 1,027 1990: 1,047 1991: 952 1992: 990 1993*c: 1,089 1994: 1,022 1995: 1,163 1996: 1,103 1997: 1,241 1998: 1,216 Location Texas Income Year 1980: 2,847 1981: 3,064 1982: 3,110 1983: 3,247 1984*c: 3,357 1985: 3,426 1986: 3,590 1987: 3,398 1988: 3,512 1989: 3,589 1990: 3,797 1991: 3,740 1992: 3,941 1993*c: 4,017 1994: 4,152 1995: 4,205 1996: 4,350 1997: 4,394 1998: 4,463 Location Utah Income Year 1980: 261 1981: 264 1982: 280 1983: 276 1984*c: 296 1985: 306 1986: 322 1987: 320 1988: 320 1989: 310 1990: 321 1991: 314 1992: 344 1993*c: 396 1994: 397 1995: 403 1996: 394 1997: 409 1998: 430 Location Vermont Income Year 1980: 108 1981: 114 1982: 110 1983: 111 1984*c: 118 1985: 117 1986: 114 1987: 118 1988: 122 1989: 127 1990: 118 1991: 128 1992: 144 1993*c: 141 1994: 135 1995: 141 1996: 142 1997: 135 1998: 150 Location Virginia Income Year 1980: 1,052 1981: 1,041 1982: 1,151 1983: 1,154 1984*c: 1,195 1985: 1,225 1986: 1,244 1987: 1,276 1988: 1,273 1989: 1,325 1990: 1,389 1991: 1,474 1992: 1,525 1993*c: 1,456 1994: 1,562 1995: 1,382 1996: 1,507 1997: 1,547 1998: 1,531 Location Washington Income Year 1980: 810 1981: 845 1982: 917 1983: 904 1984*c: 936 1985: 993 1986: 918 1987: 1,005 1988: 1,102 1989: 1,143 1990: 1,076 1991: 1,114 1992: 1,140 1993*c: 1,210 1994: 1,219 1995: 1,304 1996: 1,394 1997: 1,449 1998: 1,372 Location West Virginia Income Year 1980: 355 1981: 335 1982: 359 1983: 369 1984*c: 377 1985: 360 1986: 369 1987: 357 1988: 372 1989: 371 1990: 378 1991: 372 1992: 363 1993*c: 353 1994: 366 1995: 357 1996: 354 1997: 371 1998: 352 Location Wisconsin Income Year 1980: 961 1981: 980 1982: 997 1983: 972 1984*c: 968 1985: 1,099 1986: 1,063 1987: 1,086 1988: 1,118 1989: 1,070 1990: 1,074 1991: 1,126 1992: 1,076 1993*c: 1,148 1994: 1,168 1995: 1,233 1996: 1,232 1997: 1,236 1998: 1,224 Location Wyoming Income Year 1980: 105 1981: 116 1982: 116 1983: 115 1984*c: 109 1985: 108 1986: 104 1987: 103 1988: 101 1989: 103 1990: 106 1991: 104 1992: 104 1993*c: 103 1994: 112 1995: 110 1996: 99 1997: 105 1998: 111 Source: Author's calculations using the March Current Population Survey, 1981 through 1999. a. Persons with a disability are defined as those who report having (or are reported by the household's respondent as having), at the time of the survey, "a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do." b. The unit of the analysis is the individual not the household. Individuals are assumed to receive an equal share of their household's size-adjusted income. Size-adjusted income is household income by dividing income by the square root of household size. The CPS collect income for the year prior to the survey, the "income year". Income is before taxes but after public cash transfers. Negative sources of income are converted to zero. All dollar amounts are in 1998 dollars. c. In April of survey year 1984, sample weights based on the 1970 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1980 Census and the sample design was changed to increase the accuracy of state estimates. In survey year 1994, there were several changes in the CPS. It moved fully to computer-assisted survey interviews. Sample weights based on the 1980 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1990 Census. The Monthly Basic Survey was revised, and three new disability questions were added. It is possible that these changes affected the measurement of the population with a disability either through changes in the sample weights or in the way respondents answered disability questions. Appendix Table 3b. Estimated Population of Non-Institutionalized Civilian Men with a Disability Aged 25 through 61 in the United States, and for Each State and the District of Columbia, Income Years 1980 through 1998 (in thousands)*a*b Location United States Income Year 1980: 4,006 1981: 4,102 1982: 3,988 1983: 4,166 1984*c: 4,372 1985: 4,502 1986: 4,543 1987: 4,361 1988: 4,393 1989: 4,594 1990: 4,575 1991: 4,865 1992: 5,137 1993*c: 5,470 1994: 5,352 1995: 5,243 1996: 5,352 1997: 5,110 1998: 5,252 Location Alabama Income Year 1980: 79 1981: 81 1982: 71 1983: 92 1984*c: 48 1985: 65 1986: 79 1987: 65 1988: 77 1989: 106 1990: 97 1991: 123 1992: 91 1993*c: 139 1994: 92 1995: 121 1996: 125 1997: 99 1998: 87 Location Alaska Income Year 1980: 6 1981: 6 1982: 7 1983: 6 1984*c: 7 1985: 6 1986: 9 1987: 6 1988: 10 1989: 6 1990: 8 1991: 8 1992: 7 1993*c: 11 1994: 13 1995: 13 1996: 14 1997: 14 1998: 10 Location Arizona Income Year 1980: 50 1981: 57 1982: 66 1983: 40 1984*c: 40 1985: 66 1986: 79 1987: 80 1988: 53 1989: 75 1990: 56 1991: 54 1992: 91 1993*c: 79 1994: 72 1995: 67 1996: 100 1997: 60 1998: 64 Location Arkansas Income Year 1980: 63 1981: 63 1982: 51 1983: 48 1984*c: 67 1985: 76 1986: 76 1987: 65 1988: 51 1989: 48 1990: 57 1991: 58 1992: 52 1993*c: 76 1994: 49 1995: 83 1996: 83 1997: 82 1998: 63 Location California Income Year 1980: 393 1981: 486 1982: 426 1983: 401 1984*c: 467 1985: 494 1986: 478 1987: 489 1988: 455 1989: 520 1990: 524 1991: 512 1992: 637 1993*c: 603 1994: 601 1995: 610 1996: 608 1997: 569 1998: 592 Location Colorado Income Year 1980: 29 1981: 39 1982: 59 1983: 62 1984*c: 54 1985: 39 1986: 74 1987: 54 1988: 58 1989: 74 1990: 50 1991: 68 1992: 86 1993*c: 48 1994: 62 1995: 71 1996: 66 1997: 61 1998: 75 Location Connecticut Income Year 1980: 41 1981: 36 1982: 37 1983: 38 1984*c: 52 1985: 41 1986: 27 1987: 40 1988: 37 1989: 28 1990: 32 1991: 51 1992: 42 1993*c: 50 1994: 41 1995: 38 1996: 47 1997: 83 1998: 85 Location Delaware Income Year 1980: 11 1981: 14 1982: 9 1983: 10 1984*c: 11 1985: 9 1986: 9 1987: 7 1988: 12 1989: 13 1990: 10 1991: 13 1992: 16 1993*c: 14 1994: 16 1995: 11 1996: 11 1997: 9 1998: 9 Location DC Income Year 1980: 17 1981: 12 1982: 11 1983: 16 1984*c: 17 1985: 12 1986: 12 1987: 11 1988: 10 1989: 12 1990: 22 1991: 11 1992: 12 1993*c: 14 1994: 13 1995: 16 1996: 13 1997: 9 1998: 13 Location Florida Income Year 1980: 158 1981: 186 1982: 202 1983: 192 1984*c: 218 1985: 211 1986: 208 1987: 232 1988: 264 1989: 246 1990: 244 1991: 286 1992: 255 1993*c: 327 1994: 317 1995: 280 1996: 337 1997: 308 1998: 351 Location Georgia Income Year 1980: 141 1981: 113 1982: 103 1983: 97 1984*c: 134 1985: 172 1986: 148 1987: 108 1988: 115 1989: 124 1990: 130 1991: 134 1992: 154 1993*c: 159 1994: 173 1995: 183 1996: 161 1997: 153 1998: 187 Location Hawaii Income Year 1980: 17 1981: 19 1982: 16 1983: 16 1984*c: 21 1985: 19 1986: 22 1987: 11 1988: 11 1989: 17 1990: 10 1991: 20 1992: 21 1993*c: 23 1994: 21 1995: 13 1996: 19 1997: 20 1998: 15 Location Idaho Income Year 1980: 16 1981: 11 1982: 19 1983: 22 1984*c: 25 1985: 23 1986: 21 1987: 21 1988: 10 1989: 22 1990: 19 1991: 22 1992: 19 1993*c: 16 1994: 25 1995: 27 1996: 21 1997: 29 1998: 15 Location Illinois Income Year 1980: 177 1981: 164 1982: 139 1983: 173 1984*c: 159 1985: 151 1986: 184 1987: 196 1988: 161 1989: 189 1990: 199 1991: 199 1992: 231 1993*c: 224 1994: 199 1995: 175 1996: 219 1997: 179 1998: 226 Location Indiana Income Year 1980: 62 1981: 99 1982: 98 1983: 83 1984*c: 63 1985: 84 1986: 114 1987: 109 1988: 79 1989: 75 1990: 91 1991: 96 1992: 63 1993*c: 72 1994: 102 1995: 88 1996: 104 1997: 75 1998: 128 Location Iowa Income Year 1980: 31 1981: 36 1982: 36 1983: 43 1984*c: 37 1985: 46 1986: 47 1987: 41 1988: 31 1989: 42 1990: 41 1991: 46 1992: 58 1993*c: 61 1994: 64 1995: 39 1996: 37 1997: 35 1998: 42 Location Kansas Income Year 1980: 26 1981: 22 1982: 24 1983: 31 1984*c: 29 1985: 35 1986: 37 1987: 27 1988: 27 1989: 30 1990: 23 1991: 33 1992: 43 1993*c: 44 1994: 40 1995: 64 1996: 53 1997: 41 1998: 39 Location Kentucky Income Year 1980: 80 1981: 97 1982: 72 1983: 98 1984*c: 83 1985: 84 1986: 83 1987: 90 1988: 90 1989: 103 1990: 121 1991: 117 1992: 140 1993*c: 149 1994: 123 1995: 133 1996: 92 1997: 97 1998: 123 Location Louisiana Income Year 1980: 102 1981: 94 1982: 99 1983: 89 1984*c: 70 1985: 109 1986: 103 1987: 103 1988: 119 1989: 114 1990: 91 1991: 59 1992: 87 1993*c: 166 1994: 123 1995: 125 1996: 119 1997: 102 1998: 105 Location Maine Income Year 1980: 23 1981: 24 1982: 22 1983: 25 1984*c: 27 1985: 25 1986: 27 1987: 25 1988: 28 1989: 27 1990: 27 1991: 34 1992: 43 1993*c: 31 1994: 41 1995: 30 1996: 31 1997: 39 1998: 34 Location Maryland Income Year 1980: 56 1981: 61 1982: 61 1983: 69 1984*c: 90 1985: 59 1986: 69 1987: 57 1988: 96 1989: 63 1990: 48 1991: 75 1992: 82 1993*c: 164 1994: 99 1995: 104 1996: 81 1997: 71 1998: 71 Location Massachusetts Income Year 1980: 89 1981: 83 1982: 84 1983: 80 1984*c: 86 1985: 113 1986: 73 1987: 84 1988: 106 1989: 93 1990: 130 1991: 114 1992: 101 1993*c: 116 1994: 131 1995: 149 1996: 141 1997: 160 1998: 101 Location Michigan Income Year 1980: 173 1981: 174 1982: 193 1983: 206 1984*c: 234 1985: 225 1986: 192 1987: 190 1988: 177 1989: 222 1990: 198 1991: 201 1992: 202 1993*c: 225 1994: 213 1995: 183 1996: 186 1997: 184 1998: 177 Location Minnesota Income Year 1980: 57 1981: 58 1982: 68 1983: 84 1984*c: 81 1985: 86 1986: 84 1987: 98 1988: 89 1989: 79 1990: 70 1991: 106 1992: 83 1993*c: 97 1994: 74 1995: 53 1996: 80 1997: 74 1998: 67 Location Mississippi Income Year 1980: 60 1981: 44 1982: 56 1983: 60 1984*c: 63 1985: 50 1986: 59 1987: 63 1988: 61 1989: 61 1990: 74 1991: 81 1992: 53 1993*c: 53 1994: 49 1995: 59 1996: 61 1997: 57 1998: 64 Location Missouri Income Year 1980: 86 1981: 108 1982: 101 1983: 100 1984*c: 87 1985: 94 1986: 93 1987: 96 1988: 111 1989: 106 1990: 100 1991: 95 1992: 105 1993*c: 98 1994: 126 1995: 68 1996: 72 1997: 113 1998: 118 Location Montana Income Year 1980: 12 1981: 8 1982: 18 1983: 19 1984*c: 16 1985: 21 1986: 21 1987: 23 1988: 20 1989: 22 1990: 18 1991: 17 1992: 16 1993*c: 17 1994: 16 1995: 23 1996: 28 1997: 28 1998: 28 Location Nebraska Income Year 1980: 17 1981: 22 1982: 24 1983: 23 1984*c: 25 1985: 10 1986: 19 1987: 24 1988: 23 1989: 16 1990: 26 1991: 26 1992: 19 1993*c: 16 1994: 26 1995: 24 1996: 29 1997: 28 1998: 18 Location Nevada Income Year 1980: 17 1981: 13 1982: 13 1983: 10 1984*c: 14 1985: 17 1986: 17 1987: 22 1988: 20 1989: 14 1990: 13 1991: 21 1992: 23 1993*c: 36 1994: 22 1995: 29 1996: 22 1997: 24 1998: 31 Location New Hampshire Income Year 1980: 9 1981: 22 1982: 17 1983: 16 1984*c: 16 1985: 12 1986: 19 1987: 14 1988: 21 1989: 17 1990: 20 1991: 25 1992: 25 1993*c: 29 1994: 28 1995: 29 1996: 30 1997: 19 1998: 20 Location New Jersey Income Year 1980: 87 1981: 113 1982: 100 1983: 98 1984*c: 121 1985: 109 1986: 126 1987: 98 1988: 88 1989: 84 1990: 86 1991: 80 1992: 102 1993*c: 126 1994: 117 1995: 102 1996: 142 1997: 99 1998: 117 Location New Mexico Income Year 1980: 31 1981: 38 1982: 29 1983: 33 1984*c: 30 1985: 23 1986: 30 1987: 33 1988: 31 1989: 34 1990: 33 1991: 29 1992: 43 1993*c: 49 1994: 42 1995: 41 1996: 50 1997: 46 1998: 34 Location New York Income Year 1980: 231 1981: 271 1982: 248 1983: 295 1984*c: 309 1985: 325 1986: 236 1987: 276 1988: 309 1989: 276 1990: 308 1991: 294 1992: 344 1993*c: 373 1994: 348 1995: 327 1996: 371 1997: 311 1998: 375 Location North Carolina Income Year 1980: 126 1981: 156 1982: 122 1983: 130 1984*c: 132 1985: 152 1986: 126 1987: 121 1988: 112 1989: 122 1990: 130 1991: 139 1992: 128 1993*c: 142 1994: 129 1995: 157 1996: 129 1997: 171 1998: 164 Location North Dakota Income Year 1980: 9 1981: 10 1982: 10 1983: 9 1984*c: 8 1985: 9 1986: 11 1987: 12 1988: 10 1989: 13 1990: 12 1991: 11 1992: 8 1993*c: 9 1994: 9 1995: 8 1996: 9 1997: 10 1998: 7 Location Ohio Income Year 1980: 221 1981: 201 1982: 200 1983: 215 1984*c: 217 1985: 181 1986: 211 1987: 211 1988: 227 1989: 217 1990: 220 1991: 229 1992: 217 1993*c: 218 1994: 208 1995: 259 1996: 245 1997: 216 1998: 239 Location Oklahoma Income Year 1980: 55 1981: 59 1982: 55 1983: 59 1984*c: 40 1985: 55 1986: 69 1987: 47 1988: 78 1989: 73 1990: 81 1991: 90 1992: 69 1993*c: 94 1994: 81 1995: 73 1996: 69 1997: 77 1998: 81 Location Oregon Income Year 1980: 63 1981: 59 1982: 62 1983: 55 1984*c: 47 1985: 66 1986: 75 1987: 80 1988: 68 1989: 49 1990: 61 1991: 70 1992: 56 1993*c: 60 1994: 60 1995: 60 1996: 58 1997: 47 1998: 57 Location Pennsylvania Income Year 1980: 256 1981: 205 1982: 200 1983: 227 1984*c: 268 1985: 265 1986: 281 1987: 193 1988: 219 1989: 178 1990: 191 1991: 255 1992: 283 1993*c: 210 1994: 257 1995: 258 1996: 296 1997: 275 1998: 231 Location Rhode Island Income Year 1980: 20 1981: 16 1982: 19 1983: 19 1984*c: 15 1985: 17 1986: 16 1987: 17 1988: 19 1989: 16 1990: 19 1991: 21 1992: 23 1993*c: 17 1994: 27 1995: 22 1996: 20 1997: 23 1998: 22 Location South Carolina Income Year 1980: 65 1981: 39 1982: 60 1983: 66 1984*c: 67 1985: 63 1986: 73 1987: 55 1988: 49 1989: 95 1990: 83 1991: 94 1992: 89 1993*c: 83 1994: 125 1995: 92 1996: 50 1997: 54 1998: 81 Location South Dakota Income Year 1980: 7 1981: 12 1982: 11 1983: 9 1984*c: 11 1985: 12 1986: 9 1987: 8 1988: 10 1989: 11 1990: 11 1991: 13 1992: 18 1993*c: 12 1994: 10 1995: 12 1996: 12 1997: 11 1998: 11 Location Tennessee Income Year 1980: 79 1981: 101 1982: 112 1983: 103 1984*c: 116 1985: 133 1986: 119 1987: 105 1988: 113 1989: 115 1990: 111 1991: 131 1992: 165 1993*c: 162 1994: 176 1995: 144 1996: 171 1997: 129 1998: 103 Location Texas Income Year 1980: 260 1981: 216 1982: 206 1983: 272 1984*c: 279 1985: 262 1986: 318 1987: 304 1988: 270 1989: 360 1990: 270 1991: 309 1992: 308 1993*c: 302 1994: 342 1995: 336 1996: 245 1997: 360 1998: 344 Location Utah Income Year 1980: 19 1981: 23 1982: 18 1983: 14 1984*c: 18 1985: 21 1986: 16 1987: 13 1988: 18 1989: 19 1990: 20 1991: 18 1992: 23 1993*c: 34 1994: 27 1995: 25 1996: 26 1997: 32 1998: 26 Location Vermont Income Year 1980: 14 1981: 11 1982: 7 1983: 10 1984*c: 9 1985: 9 1986: 9 1987: 11 1988: 9 1989: 8 1990: 12 1991: 13 1992: 15 1993*c: 12 1994: 12 1995: 13 1996: 15 1997: 14 1998: 10 Location Virginia Income Year 1980: 108 1981: 81 1982: 98 1983: 82 1984*c: 126 1985: 117 1986: 111 1987: 130 1988: 117 1989: 109 1990: 109 1991: 100 1992: 104 1993*c: 125 1994: 141 1995: 151 1996: 135 1997: 128 1998: 90 Location Washington Income Year 1980: 104 1981: 86 1982: 82 1983: 76 1984*c: 75 1985: 115 1986: 102 1987: 69 1988: 83 1989: 106 1990: 134 1991: 115 1992: 100 1993*c: 101 1994: 106 1995: 118 1996: 125 1997: 97 1998: 108 Location West Virginia Income Year 1980: 57 1981: 67 1982: 59 1983: 68 1984*c: 56 1985: 55 1986: 56 1987: 51 1988: 51 1989: 55 1990: 49 1991: 55 1992: 67 1993*c: 63 1994: 78 1995: 57 1996: 79 1997: 61 1998: 52 Location Wisconsin Income Year 1980: 87 1981: 79 1982: 81 1983: 67 1984*c: 83 1985: 54 1986: 62 1987: 66 1988: 79 1989: 81 1990: 80 1991: 82 1992: 110 1993*c: 109 1994: 74 1995: 67 1996: 103 1997: 120 1998: 133 Location Wyoming Income Year 1980: 6 1981: 7 1982: 8 1983: 7 1984*c: 8 1985: 10 1986: 8 1987: 8 1988: 11 1989: 11 1990: 9 1991: 11 1992: 9 1993*c: 10 1994: 9 1995: 9 1996: 13 1997: 8 1998: 10 Source: Author's calculations using the March Current Population Survey, 1981 through 1999. a. Persons with a disability are defined as those who report having (or are reported by the household's respondent as having), at the time of the survey, "a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do." b. The unit of the analysis is the individual not the household. Individuals are assumed to receive an equal share of their household's size-adjusted income. Size-adjusted income is household income by dividing income by the square root of household size. The CPS collect income for the year prior to the survey, the "income year". Income is before taxes but after public cash transfers. Negative sources of income are converted to zero. All dollar amounts are in 1998 dollars. c. In April of survey year 1984, sample weights based on the 1970 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1980 Census and the sample design was changed to increase the accuracy of state estimates. In survey year 1994, there were several changes in the CPS. It moved fully to computer-assisted survey interviews. Sample weights based on the 1980 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1990 Census. The Monthly Basic Survey was revised, and three new disability questions were added. It is possible that these changes affected the measurement of the population with a disability either through changes in the sample weights or in the way respondents answered disability questions. Appendix Table 3c. Estimated Population of Non-Institutionalized Civilian Women without a Disability Aged 25 through 61 in the United States, and for Each State and the District of Columbia, Income Years 1980 through 1998 (in thousands)*a*b Location United States Income Year 1980: 48,618 1981: 49,506 1982: 50,564 1983: 51,496 1984*c: 52,344 1985: 53,450 1986: 54,438 1987: 55,567 1988: 56,424 1989: 57,137 1990: 57,753 1991: 58,480 1992: 59,205 1993*c: 59,597 1994: 60,157 1995: 60,938 1996: 61,740 1997: 62,486 1998: 63,494 Location Alabama Income Year 1980: 806 1981: 822 1982: 833 1983: 840 1984*c: 873 1985: 902 1986: 928 1987: 874 1988: 881 1989: 923 1990: 919 1991: 929 1992: 933 1993*c: 896 1994: 918 1995: 953 1996: 988 1997: 997 1998: 1,013 Location Alaska Income Year 1980: 80 1981: 85 1982: 96 1983: 111 1984*c: 123 1985: 122 1986: 119 1987: 117 1988: 115 1989: 121 1990: 124 1991: 125 1992: 125 1993*c: 142 1994: 150 1995: 150 1996: 156 1997: 152 1998: 149 Location Arizona Income Year 1980: 583 1981: 570 1982: 574 1983: 570 1984*c: 668 1985: 674 1986: 729 1987: 810 1988: 778 1989: 787 1990: 823 1991: 842 1992: 861 1993*c: 854 1994: 907 1995: 930 1996: 1,014 1997: 1,013 1998: 1,106 Location Arkansas Income Year 1980: 443 1981: 453 1982: 429 1983: 456 1984*c: 475 1985: 460 1986: 497 1987: 512 1988: 521 1989: 538 1990: 512 1991: 510 1992: 481 1993*c: 521 1994: 543 1995: 520 1996: 535 1997: 535 1998: 538 Location California Income Year 1980: 5,230 1981: 5,420 1982: 5,561 1983: 5,761 1984*c: 5,790 1985: 6,008 1986: 6,215 1987: 6,421 1988: 6,547 1989: 6,698 1990: 6,782 1991: 7,031 1992: 7,144 1993*c: 7,149 1994: 7,275 1995: 7,227 1996: 7,349 1997: 7,565 1998: 7,710 Location Colorado Income Year 1980: 669 1981: 658 1982: 694 1983: 748 1984*c: 727 1985: 801 1986: 774 1987: 759 1988: 774 1989: 795 1990: 755 1991: 759 1992: 751 1993*c: 828 1994: 879 1995: 901 1996: 887 1997: 940 1998: 964 Location Connecticut Income Year 1980: 692 1981: 746 1982: 767 1983: 747 1984*c: 743 1985: 775 1986: 769 1987: 727 1988: 775 1989: 747 1990: 786 1991: 807 1992: 781 1993*c: 791 1994: 776 1995: 805 1996: 837 1997: 789 1998: 807 Location Delaware Income Year 1980: 121 1981: 129 1982: 134 1983: 145 1984*c: 138 1985: 143 1986: 144 1987: 146 1988: 154 1989: 161 1990: 168 1991: 173 1992: 175 1993*c: 167 1994: 169 1995: 175 1996: 179 1997: 173 1998: 182 Location DC Income Year 1980: 148 1981: 157 1982: 144 1983: 132 1984*c: 142 1985: 144 1986: 160 1987: 143 1988: 146 1989: 140 1990: 139 1991: 140 1992: 132 1993*c: 142 1994: 153 1995: 146 1996: 131 1997: 126 1998: 127 Location Florida Income Year 1980: 2,188 1981: 2,143 1982: 2,205 1983: 2,270 1984*c: 2,375 1985: 2,475 1986: 2,580 1987: 2,792 1988: 2,786 1989: 2,879 1990: 2,976 1991: 2,998 1992: 3,155 1993*c: 3,208 1994: 3,190 1995: 3,243 1996: 3,242 1997: 3,283 1998: 3,254 Location Georgia Income Year 1980: 1,135 1981: 1,161 1982: 1,187 1983: 1,257 1984*c: 1,291 1985: 1,363 1986: 1,425 1987: 1,385 1988: 1,472 1989: 1,438 1990: 1,571 1991: 1,563 1992: 1,568 1993*c: 1,687 1994: 1,720 1995: 1,741 1996: 1,719 1997: 1,823 1998: 1,946 Location Hawaii Income Year 1980: 217 1981: 219 1982: 222 1983: 227 1984*c: 239 1985: 252 1986: 246 1987: 258 1988: 255 1989: 265 1990: 266 1991: 273 1992: 274 1993*c: 289 1994: 266 1995: 270 1996: 274 1997: 271 1998: 264 Location Idaho Income Year 1980: 178 1981: 187 1982: 195 1983: 201 1984*c: 212 1985: 195 1986: 207 1987: 201 1988: 205 1989: 217 1990: 218 1991: 225 1992: 225 1993*c: 254 1994: 251 1995: 244 1996: 266 1997: 264 1998: 262 Location Illinois Income Year 1980: 2,476 1981: 2,512 1982: 2,495 1983: 2,478 1984*c: 2,551 1985: 2,693 1986: 2,660 1987: 2,645 1988: 2,590 1989: 2,624 1990: 2,738 1991: 2,843 1992: 2,804 1993*c: 2,786 1994: 2,804 1995: 2,850 1996: 2,845 1997: 2,778 1998: 2,837 Location Indiana Income Year 1980: 1,149 1981: 1,147 1982: 1,163 1983: 1,158 1984*c: 1,160 1985: 1,189 1986: 1,256 1987: 1,258 1988: 1,316 1989: 1,269 1990: 1,291 1991: 1,344 1992: 1,350 1993*c: 1,347 1994: 1,323 1995: 1,277 1996: 1,304 1997: 1,319 1998: 1,401 Location Iowa Income Year 1980: 603 1981: 586 1982: 569 1983: 622 1984*c: 630 1985: 604 1986: 614 1987: 634 1988: 641 1989: 640 1990: 611 1991: 631 1992: 655 1993*c: 612 1994: 606 1995: 657 1996: 676 1997: 650 1998: 621 Location Kansas Income Year 1980: 461 1981: 465 1982: 488 1983: 506 1984*c: 518 1985: 508 1986: 508 1987: 562 1988: 566 1989: 559 1990: 568 1991: 598 1992: 578 1993*c: 562 1994: 526 1995: 529 1996: 536 1997: 535 1998: 572 Location Kentucky Income Year 1980: 748 1981: 780 1982: 814 1983: 867 1984*c: 823 1985: 779 1986: 812 1987: 862 1988: 785 1989: 848 1990: 823 1991: 817 1992: 851 1993*c: 843 1994: 835 1995: 864 1996: 907 1997: 908 1998: 906 Location Louisiana Income Year 1980: 880 1981: 855 1982: 901 1983: 952 1984*c: 879 1985: 905 1986: 922 1987: 968 1988: 1,002 1989: 959 1990: 968 1991: 923 1992: 1,005 1993*c: 965 1994: 971 1995: 972 1996: 958 1997: 1,025 1998: 1,002 Location Maine Income Year 1980: 231 1981: 248 1982: 254 1983: 271 1984*c: 272 1985: 243 1986: 249 1987: 260 1988: 275 1989: 297 1990: 304 1991: 295 1992: 294 1993*c: 282 1994: 276 1995: 298 1996: 284 1997: 305 1998: 312 Location Maryland Income Year 1980: 951 1981: 1,031 1982: 992 1983: 990 1984*c: 1,040 1985: 1,090 1986: 1,112 1987: 1,136 1988: 1,117 1989: 1,164 1990: 1,176 1991: 1,241 1992: 1,254 1993*c: 1,176 1994: 1,226 1995: 1,246 1996: 1,268 1997: 1,321 1998: 1,295 Location Massachusetts Income Year 1980: 1,255 1981: 1,283 1982: 1,274 1983: 1,293 1984*c: 1,335 1985: 1,383 1986: 1,404 1987: 1,425 1988: 1,417 1989: 1,409 1990: 1,423 1991: 1,392 1992: 1,425 1993*c: 1,449 1994: 1,458 1995: 1,489 1996: 1,499 1997: 1,451 1998: 1,499 Location Michigan Income Year 1980: 1,919 1981: 1,960 1982: 2,007 1983: 1,934 1984*c: 1,988 1985: 1,975 1986: 1,992 1987: 2,009 1988: 2,044 1989: 2,090 1990: 2,089 1991: 2,099 1992: 2,117 1993*c: 2,147 1994: 2,165 1995: 2,204 1996: 2,171 1997: 2,158 1998: 2,177 Location Minnesota Income Year 1980: 798 1981: 856 1982: 880 1983: 927 1984*c: 910 1985: 925 1986: 923 1987: 974 1988: 1,010 1989: 979 1990: 1,049 1991: 1,006 1992: 1,034 1993*c: 1,023 1994: 1,043 1995: 1,087 1996: 1,129 1997: 1,157 1998: 1,124 Location Mississippi Income Year 1980: 485 1981: 481 1982: 502 1983: 504 1984*c: 486 1985: 509 1986: 522 1987: 520 1988: 517 1989: 560 1990: 535 1991: 536 1992: 554 1993*c: 570 1994: 577 1995: 649 1996: 637 1997: 618 1998: 625 Location Missouri Income Year 1980: 1,033 1981: 1,026 1982: 1,066 1983: 1,090 1984*c: 1,115 1985: 1,091 1986: 1,093 1987: 1,119 1988: 1,180 1989: 1,197 1990: 1,212 1991: 1,218 1992: 1,183 1993*c: 1,198 1994: 1,082 1995: 1,233 1996: 1,168 1997: 1,212 1998: 1,267 Location Montana Income Year 1980: 165 1981: 171 1982: 164 1983: 162 1984*c: 183 1985: 183 1986: 185 1987: 180 1988: 180 1989: 188 1990: 186 1991: 189 1992: 182 1993*c: 187 1994: 183 1995: 181 1996: 198 1997: 200 1998: 202 Location Nebraska Income Year 1980: 313 1981: 334 1982: 327 1983: 324 1984*c: 357 1985: 345 1986: 355 1987: 359 1988: 352 1989: 379 1990: 373 1991: 378 1992: 387 1993*c: 365 1994: 385 1995: 356 1996: 363 1997: 362 1998: 362 Location Nevada Income Year 1980: 191 1981: 210 1982: 206 1983: 203 1984*c: 217 1985: 242 1986: 258 1987: 243 1988: 274 1989: 286 1990: 279 1991: 285 1992: 301 1993*c: 326 1994: 350 1995: 353 1996: 392 1997: 424 1998: 438 Location New Hampshire Income Year 1980: 205 1981: 208 1982: 213 1983: 223 1984*c: 226 1985: 237 1986: 236 1987: 252 1988: 274 1989: 267 1990: 274 1991: 295 1992: 279 1993*c: 258 1994: 267 1995: 273 1996: 273 1997: 270 1998: 282 Location New Jersey Income Year 1980: 1,683 1981: 1,605 1982: 1,653 1983: 1,783 1984*c: 1,772 1985: 1,779 1986: 1,844 1987: 1,838 1988: 1,860 1989: 1,895 1990: 1,907 1991: 1,875 1992: 1,873 1993*c: 1,929 1994: 1,919 1995: 1,909 1996: 1,916 1997: 2,002 1998: 2,046 Location New Mexico Income Year 1980: 284 1981: 268 1982: 297 1983: 289 1984*c: 310 1985: 308 1986: 313 1987: 327 1988: 334 1989: 348 1990: 343 1991: 349 1992: 351 1993*c: 353 1994: 376 1995: 383 1996: 388 1997: 412 1998: 392 Location New York Income Year 1980: 3,826 1981: 3,836 1982: 4,015 1983: 4,056 1984*c: 4,133 1985: 4,212 1986: 4,235 1987: 4,230 1988: 4,223 1989: 4,236 1990: 4,260 1991: 4,369 1992: 4,354 1993*c: 4,430 1994: 4,348 1995: 4,369 1996: 4,361 1997: 4,174 1998: 4,317 Location North Carolina Income Year 1980: 1,320 1981: 1,349 1982: 1,352 1983: 1,349 1984*c: 1,357 1985: 1,417 1986: 1,474 1987: 1,458 1988: 1,515 1989: 1,463 1990: 1,518 1991: 1,581 1992: 1,607 1993*c: 1,602 1994: 1,636 1995: 1,672 1996: 1,699 1997: 1,740 1998: 1,762 Location North Dakota Income Year 1980: 127 1981: 126 1982: 137 1983: 141 1984*c: 138 1985: 145 1986: 137 1987: 137 1988: 141 1989: 138 1990: 142 1991: 141 1992: 137 1993*c: 130 1994: 138 1995: 139 1996: 134 1997: 134 1998: 139 Location Ohio Income Year 1980: 2,286 1981: 2,334 1982: 2,459 1983: 2,372 1984*c: 2,390 1985: 2,412 1986: 2,493 1987: 2,496 1988: 2,508 1989: 2,474 1990: 2,553 1991: 2,557 1992: 2,580 1993*c: 2,526 1994: 2,553 1995: 2,528 1996: 2,550 1997: 2,657 1998: 2,609 Location Oklahoma Income Year 1980: 593 1981: 625 1982: 630 1983: 675 1984*c: 700 1985: 728 1986: 716 1987: 731 1988: 719 1989: 726 1990: 724 1991: 702 1992: 726 1993*c: 739 1994: 757 1995: 726 1996: 746 1997: 721 1998: 735 Location Oregon Income Year 1980: 579 1981: 608 1982: 608 1983: 595 1984*c: 624 1985: 633 1986: 634 1987: 563 1988: 617 1989: 675 1990: 628 1991: 693 1992: 709 1993*c: 715 1994: 713 1995: 722 1996: 712 1997: 787 1998: 832 Location Pennsylvania Income Year 1980: 2,517 1981: 2,527 1982: 2,622 1983: 2,608 1984*c: 2,615 1985: 2,607 1986: 2,659 1987: 2,695 1988: 2,894 1989: 2,830 1990: 2,797 1991: 2,752 1992: 2,741 1993*c: 2,681 1994: 2,699 1995: 2,782 1996: 2,822 1997: 2,813 1998: 2,817 Location Rhode Island Income Year 1980: 203 1981: 210 1982: 194 1983: 208 1984*c: 210 1985: 219 1986: 224 1987: 232 1988: 223 1989: 220 1990: 217 1991: 233 1992: 220 1993*c: 229 1994: 221 1995: 194 1996: 226 1997: 223 1998: 222 Location South Carolina Income Year 1980: 647 1981: 707 1982: 737 1983: 755 1984*c: 756 1985: 728 1986: 710 1987: 813 1988: 797 1989: 822 1990: 810 1991: 830 1992: 843 1993*c: 850 1994: 843 1995: 866 1996: 867 1997: 875 1998: 931 Location South Dakota Income Year 1980: 134 1981: 140 1982: 134 1983: 133 1984*c: 143 1985: 137 1986: 147 1987: 152 1988: 154 1989: 147 1990: 144 1991: 140 1992: 144 1993*c: 149 1994: 150 1995: 149 1996: 151 1997: 137 1998: 147 Location Tennessee Income Year 1980: 1,011 1981: 979 1982: 934 1983: 954 1984*c: 1,007 1985: 1,010 1986: 988 1987: 1,097 1988: 1,094 1989: 1,107 1990: 1,109 1991: 1,128 1992: 1,158 1993*c: 1,218 1994: 1,289 1995: 1,280 1996: 1,244 1997: 1,274 1998: 1,347 Location Texas Income Year 1980: 3,073 1981: 3,156 1982: 3,273 1983: 3,412 1984*c: 3,480 1985: 3,602 1986: 3,628 1987: 3,686 1988: 3,715 1989: 3,968 1990: 3,904 1991: 3,902 1992: 4,025 1993*c: 4,084 1994: 4,254 1995: 4,321 1996: 4,556 1997: 4,597 1998: 4,686 Location Utah Income Year 1980: 280 1981: 283 1982: 283 1983: 292 1984*c: 303 1985: 313 1986: 327 1987: 331 1988: 338 1989: 326 1990: 335 1991: 342 1992: 354 1993*c: 384 1994: 356 1995: 380 1996: 413 1997: 430 1998: 428 Location Vermont Income Year 1980: 113 1981: 116 1982: 106 1983: 109 1984*c: 116 1985: 124 1986: 123 1987: 126 1988: 131 1989: 138 1990: 140 1991: 136 1992: 142 1993*c: 138 1994: 147 1995: 149 1996: 137 1997: 135 1998: 147 Location Virginia Income Year 1980: 1,214 1981: 1,258 1982: 1,254 1983: 1,290 1984*c: 1,329 1985: 1,314 1986: 1,345 1987: 1,423 1988: 1,482 1989: 1,490 1990: 1,500 1991: 1,475 1992: 1,568 1993*c: 1,584 1994: 1,620 1995: 1,557 1996: 1,571 1997: 1,585 1998: 1,567 Location Washington Income Year 1980: 879 1981: 936 1982: 992 1983: 965 1984*c: 977 1985: 1,004 1986: 959 1987: 1,051 1988: 1,131 1989: 1,151 1990: 1,174 1991: 1,184 1992: 1,222 1993*c: 1,186 1994: 1,151 1995: 1,222 1996: 1,304 1997: 1,453 1998: 1,436 Location West Virginia Income Year 1980: 397 1981: 417 1982: 406 1983: 410 1984*c: 431 1985: 421 1986: 428 1987: 437 1988: 411 1989: 396 1990: 407 1991: 401 1992: 371 1993*c: 390 1994: 406 1995: 405 1996: 381 1997: 390 1998: 387 Location Wisconsin Income Year 1980: 1,002 1981: 1,021 1982: 1,014 1983: 1,021 1984*c: 965 1985: 1,017 1986: 1,053 1987: 1,094 1988: 1,086 1989: 1,060 1990: 1,097 1991: 1,125 1992: 1,116 1993*c: 1,150 1994: 1,194 1995: 1,248 1996: 1,265 1997: 1,211 1998: 1,191 Location Wyoming Income Year 1980: 96 1981: 104 1982: 107 1983: 111 1984*c: 104 1985: 103 1986: 104 1987: 99 1988: 101 1989: 105 1990: 108 1991: 100 1992: 103 1993*c: 108 1994: 117 1995: 110 1996: 114 1997: 111 1998: 111 Source: Author's calculations using the March Current Population Survey, 1981 through 1999. a. Persons with a disability are defined as those who report having (or are reported by the household's respondent as having), at the time of the survey, "a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do." b. The unit of the analysis is the individual not the household. Individuals are assumed to receive an equal share of their household's size-adjusted income. Size-adjusted income is household income by dividing income by the square root of household size. The CPS collect income for the year prior to the survey, the "income year". Income is before taxes but after public cash transfers. Negative sources of income are converted to zero. All dollar amounts are in 1998 dollars. c. In April of survey year 1984, sample weights based on the 1970 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1980 Census and the sample design was changed to increase the accuracy of state estimates. In survey year 1994, there were several changes in the CPS. It moved fully to computer-assisted survey interviews. Sample weights based on the 1980 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1990 Census. The Monthly Basic Survey was revised, and three new disability questions were added. It is possible that these changes affected the measurement of the population with a disability either through changes in the sample weights or in the way respondents answered disability questions. Appendix Table 3d. Estimated Population of Non-Institutionalized Civilian Women with a Disability Aged 25 through 61 in the United States, and for Each State and the District of Columbia, Income Years 1980 through 1998 (in thousands)*a*b Location United States Income Year 1980: 4,024 1981: 4,097 1982: 3,910 1983: 4,000 1984*c: 4,217 1985: 4,174 1986: 4,216 1987: 4,009 1988: 4,146 1989: 4,284 1990: 4,495 1991: 4,557 1992: 4,590 1993*c: 5,151 1994: 5,348 1995: 5,568 1996: 5,625 1997: 5,657 1998: 5,423 Location Alabama Income Year 1980: 88 1981: 72 1982: 60 1983: 65 1984*c: 84 1985: 106 1986: 87 1987: 82 1988: 72 1989: 88 1990: 108 1991: 90 1992: 73 1993*c: 122 1994: 100 1995: 96 1996: 102 1997: 134 1998: 124 Location Alaska Income Year 1980: 6 1981: 5 1982: 5 1983: 5 1984*c: 5 1985: 6 1986: 9 1987: 7 1988: 4 1989: 6 1990: 6 1991: 9 1992: 7 1993*c: 11 1994: 8 1995: 8 1996: 10 1997: 14 1998: 12 Location Arizona Income Year 1980: 48 1981: 45 1982: 51 1983: 70 1984*c: 59 1985: 67 1986: 72 1987: 40 1988: 48 1989: 51 1990: 47 1991: 60 1992: 63 1993*c: 83 1994: 71 1995: 79 1996: 111 1997: 95 1998: 68 Location Arkansas Income Year 1980: 66 1981: 59 1982: 62 1983: 59 1984*c: 52 1985: 54 1986: 56 1987: 59 1988: 61 1989: 47 1990: 46 1991: 58 1992: 66 1993*c: 60 1994: 60 1995: 77 1996: 65 1997: 67 1998: 67 Location California Income Year 1980: 421 1981: 490 1982: 477 1983: 442 1984*c: 476 1985: 487 1986: 508 1987: 470 1988: 476 1989: 481 1990: 521 1991: 488 1992: 595 1993*c: 567 1994: 615 1995: 590 1996: 605 1997: 636 1998: 594 Location Colorado Income Year 1980: 36 1981: 40 1982: 42 1983: 34 1984*c: 58 1985: 36 1986: 60 1987: 68 1988: 56 1989: 53 1990: 51 1991: 81 1992: 55 1993*c: 50 1994: 60 1995: 88 1996: 65 1997: 78 1998: 88 Location Connecticut Income Year 1980: 46 1981: 36 1982: 48 1983: 45 1984*c: 51 1985: 48 1986: 38 1987: 47 1988: 62 1989: 30 1990: 43 1991: 48 1992: 61 1993*c: 70 1994: 34 1995: 38 1996: 47 1997: 49 1998: 71 Location Delaware Income Year 1980: 12 1981: 14 1982: 10 1983: 5 1984*c: 10 1985: 11 1986: 10 1987: 9 1988: 11 1989: 11 1990: 8 1991: 9 1992: 11 1993*c: 9 1994: 12 1995: 16 1996: 14 1997: 12 1998: 12 Location DC Income Year 1980: 13 1981: 14 1982: 16 1983: 15 1984*c: 13 1985: 12 1986: 13 1987: 15 1988: 12 1989: 12 1990: 9 1991: 11 1992: 10 1993*c: 12 1994: 15 1995: 13 1996: 17 1997: 9 1998: 10 Location Florida Income Year 1980: 181 1981: 208 1982: 225 1983: 238 1984*c: 211 1985: 215 1986: 198 1987: 198 1988: 189 1989: 187 1990: 196 1991: 244 1992: 221 1993*c: 228 1994: 300 1995: 327 1996: 304 1997: 279 1998: 246 Location Georgia Income Year 1980: 128 1981: 97 1982: 103 1983: 113 1984*c: 138 1985: 124 1986: 146 1987: 156 1988: 162 1989: 153 1990: 128 1991: 158 1992: 146 1993*c: 155 1994: 185 1995: 194 1996: 150 1997: 143 1998: 170 Location Hawaii Income Year 1980: 17 1981: 12 1982: 14 1983: 16 1984*c: 13 1985: 14 1986: 15 1987: 10 1988: 9 1989: 16 1990: 14 1991: 14 1992: 19 1993*c: 15 1994: 15 1995: 12 1996: 15 1997: 17 1998: 11 Location Idaho Income Year 1980: 16 1981: 19 1982: 16 1983: 17 1984*c: 15 1985: 19 1986: 15 1987: 16 1988: 22 1989: 17 1990: 19 1991: 20 1992: 16 1993*c: 13 1994: 21 1995: 24 1996: 24 1997: 25 1998: 20 Location Illinois Income Year 1980: 167 1981: 171 1982: 165 1983: 166 1984*c: 201 1985: 168 1986: 163 1987: 159 1988: 176 1989: 191 1990: 198 1991: 141 1992: 214 1993*c: 233 1994: 241 1995: 233 1996: 222 1997: 251 1998: 196 Location Indiana Income Year 1980: 89 1981: 94 1982: 82 1983: 95 1984*c: 105 1985: 105 1986: 110 1987: 80 1988: 83 1989: 74 1990: 75 1991: 92 1992: 100 1993*c: 110 1994: 161 1995: 120 1996: 104 1997: 131 1998: 92 Location Iowa Income Year 1980: 60 1981: 46 1982: 30 1983: 23 1984*c: 39 1985: 43 1986: 50 1987: 37 1988: 32 1989: 47 1990: 42 1991: 35 1992: 43 1993*c: 35 1994: 34 1995: 47 1996: 51 1997: 51 1998: 35 Location Kansas Income Year 1980: 44 1981: 29 1982: 30 1983: 29 1984*c: 23 1985: 33 1986: 23 1987: 31 1988: 27 1989: 43 1990: 37 1991: 28 1992: 28 1993*c: 46 1994: 39 1995: 32 1996: 39 1997: 57 1998: 50 Location Kentucky Income Year 1980: 57 1981: 79 1982: 79 1983: 47 1984*c: 55 1985: 73 1986: 85 1987: 89 1988: 82 1989: 72 1990: 124 1991: 107 1992: 85 1993*c: 89 1994: 148 1995: 140 1996: 111 1997: 128 1998: 115 Location Louisiana Income Year 1980: 71 1981: 110 1982: 77 1983: 75 1984*c: 95 1985: 103 1986: 104 1987: 103 1988: 98 1989: 96 1990: 81 1991: 94 1992: 106 1993*c: 126 1994: 81 1995: 105 1996: 92 1997: 75 1998: 98 Location Maine Income Year 1980: 19 1981: 14 1982: 19 1983: 22 1984*c: 20 1985: 28 1986: 26 1987: 31 1988: 27 1989: 21 1990: 18 1991: 21 1992: 29 1993*c: 31 1994: 41 1995: 29 1996: 29 1997: 36 1998: 31 Location Maryland Income Year 1980: 68 1981: 66 1982: 71 1983: 57 1984*c: 70 1985: 73 1986: 61 1987: 57 1988: 76 1989: 77 1990: 97 1991: 81 1992: 55 1993*c: 78 1994: 75 1995: 71 1996: 81 1997: 73 1998: 89 Location Massachusetts Income Year 1980: 88 1981: 97 1982: 60 1983: 87 1984*c: 86 1985: 88 1986: 78 1987: 91 1988: 84 1989: 117 1990: 115 1991: 106 1992: 106 1993*c: 99 1994: 118 1995: 147 1996: 128 1997: 122 1998: 113 Location Michigan Income Year 1980: 170 1981: 192 1982: 167 1983: 223 1984*c: 216 1985: 197 1986: 217 1987: 173 1988: 211 1989: 209 1990: 206 1991: 204 1992: 200 1993*c: 210 1994: 205 1995: 223 1996: 238 1997: 230 1998: 205 Location Minnesota Income Year 1980: 60 1981: 52 1982: 59 1983: 56 1984*c: 66 1985: 63 1986: 76 1987: 64 1988: 36 1989: 58 1990: 79 1991: 81 1992: 79 1993*c: 90 1994: 67 1995: 64 1996: 81 1997: 74 1998: 69 Location Mississippi Income Year 1980: 65 1981: 61 1982: 53 1983: 57 1984*c: 61 1985: 52 1986: 54 1987: 52 1988: 64 1989: 63 1990: 73 1991: 61 1992: 62 1993*c: 62 1994: 66 1995: 71 1996: 75 1997: 77 1998: 53 Location Missouri Income Year 1980: 84 1981: 70 1982: 65 1983: 76 1984*c: 96 1985: 89 1986: 89 1987: 86 1988: 84 1989: 75 1990: 113 1991: 87 1992: 108 1993*c: 99 1994: 126 1995: 99 1996: 152 1997: 113 1998: 98 Location Montana Income Year 1980: 12 1981: 11 1982: 14 1983: 17 1984*c: 13 1985: 18 1986: 13 1987: 16 1988: 16 1989: 12 1990: 15 1991: 19 1992: 15 1993*c: 18 1994: 17 1995: 16 1996: 15 1997: 15 1998: 17 Location Nebraska Income Year 1980: 27 1981: 20 1982: 16 1983: 19 1984*c: 17 1985: 17 1986: 20 1987: 17 1988: 15 1989: 20 1990: 23 1991: 18 1992: 19 1993*c: 25 1994: 15 1995: 27 1996: 26 1997: 29 1998: 31 Location Nevada Income Year 1980: 14 1981: 9 1982: 13 1983: 14 1984*c: 15 1985: 16 1986: 11 1987: 22 1988: 18 1989: 14 1990: 22 1991: 27 1992: 20 1993*c: 27 1994: 34 1995: 27 1996: 29 1997: 31 1998: 28 Location New Hampshire Income Year 1980: 12 1981: 17 1982: 17 1983: 17 1984*c: 13 1985: 13 1986: 17 1987: 12 1988: 16 1989: 16 1990: 17 1991: 17 1992: 21 1993*c: 19 1994: 13 1995: 16 1996: 33 1997: 28 1998: 28 Location New Jersey Income Year 1980: 110 1981: 141 1982: 129 1983: 92 1984*c: 103 1985: 113 1986: 114 1987: 105 1988: 82 1989: 91 1990: 80 1991: 100 1992: 102 1993*c: 121 1994: 130 1995: 126 1996: 135 1997: 139 1998: 117 Location New Mexico Income Year 1980: 19 1981: 30 1982: 22 1983: 20 1984*c: 22 1985: 21 1986: 30 1987: 20 1988: 24 1989: 28 1990: 30 1991: 28 1992: 33 1993*c: 40 1994: 30 1995: 41 1996: 36 1997: 29 1998: 34 Location New York Income Year 1980: 299 1981: 324 1982: 262 1983: 296 1984*c: 347 1985: 278 1986: 292 1987: 260 1988: 286 1989: 295 1990: 326 1991: 296 1992: 312 1993*c: 361 1994: 374 1995: 404 1996: 384 1997: 414 1998: 455 Location North Carolina Income Year 1980: 121 1981: 134 1982: 135 1983: 97 1984*c: 114 1985: 108 1986: 98 1987: 108 1988: 125 1989: 132 1990: 112 1991: 119 1992: 137 1993*c: 170 1994: 193 1995: 165 1996: 155 1997: 165 1998: 164 Location North Dakota Income Year 1980: 9 1981: 8 1982: 4 1983: 9 1984*c: 10 1985: 9 1986: 6 1987: 8 1988: 9 1989: 10 1990: 10 1991: 8 1992: 6 1993*c: 7 1994: 7 1995: 6 1996: 9 1997: 9 1998: 12 Location Ohio Income Year 1980: 209 1981: 215 1982: 193 1983: 226 1984*c: 209 1985: 192 1986: 162 1987: 151 1988: 170 1989: 184 1990: 195 1991: 204 1992: 185 1993*c: 241 1994: 226 1995: 258 1996: 226 1997: 226 1998: 287 Location Oklahoma Income Year 1980: 50 1981: 53 1982: 56 1983: 50 1984*c: 56 1985: 64 1986: 43 1987: 36 1988: 66 1989: 60 1990: 55 1991: 62 1992: 47 1993*c: 71 1994: 65 1995: 71 1996: 72 1997: 92 1998: 90 Location Oregon Income Year 1980: 64 1981: 58 1982: 42 1983: 61 1984*c: 58 1985: 41 1986: 36 1987: 46 1988: 67 1989: 55 1990: 66 1991: 80 1992: 77 1993*c: 49 1994: 60 1995: 85 1996: 87 1997: 89 1998: 74 Location Pennsylvania Income Year 1980: 259 1981: 235 1982: 175 1983: 246 1984*c: 214 1985: 193 1986: 202 1987: 217 1988: 209 1989: 212 1990: 227 1991: 240 1992: 221 1993*c: 249 1994: 278 1995: 283 1996: 275 1997: 235 1998: 270 Location Rhode Island Income Year 1980: 24 1981: 21 1982: 20 1983: 23 1984*c: 22 1985: 23 1986: 17 1987: 21 1988: 19 1989: 12 1990: 16 1991: 18 1992: 19 1993*c: 20 1994: 11 1995: 28 1996: 22 1997: 20 1998: 16 Location South Carolina Income Year 1980: 52 1981: 64 1982: 53 1983: 51 1984*c: 68 1985: 73 1986: 70 1987: 64 1988: 68 1989: 75 1990: 71 1991: 85 1992: 80 1993*c: 78 1994: 79 1995: 85 1996: 96 1997: 107 1998: 109 Location South Dakota Income Year 1980: 7 1981: 6 1982: 12 1983: 7 1984*c: 7 1985: 12 1986: 8 1987: 10 1988: 9 1989: 11 1990: 13 1991: 9 1992: 13 1993*c: 14 1994: 13 1995: 12 1996: 12 1997: 12 1998: 12 Location Tennessee Income Year 1980: 80 1981: 79 1982: 133 1983: 114 1984*c: 109 1985: 148 1986: 148 1987: 116 1988: 135 1989: 126 1990: 98 1991: 119 1992: 167 1993*c: 197 1994: 134 1995: 144 1996: 216 1997: 193 1998: 138 Location Texas Income Year 1980: 213 1981: 182 1982: 210 1983: 231 1984*c: 199 1985: 221 1986: 259 1987: 247 1988: 268 1989: 256 1990: 287 1991: 307 1992: 249 1993*c: 359 1994: 297 1995: 337 1996: 347 1997: 373 1998: 353 Location Utah Income Year 1980: 16 1981: 13 1982: 23 1983: 20 1984*c: 22 1985: 20 1986: 17 1987: 15 1988: 19 1989: 27 1990: 13 1991: 19 1992: 13 1993*c: 24 1994: 26 1995: 30 1996: 22 1997: 28 1998: 27 Location Vermont Income Year 1980: 9 1981: 8 1982: 10 1983: 8 1984*c: 8 1985: 9 1986: 11 1987: 8 1988: 9 1989: 9 1990: 11 1991: 16 1992: 15 1993*c: 16 1994: 13 1995: 9 1996: 11 1997: 14 1998: 13 Location Virginia Income Year 1980: 88 1981: 87 1982: 93 1983: 55 1984*c: 70 1985: 86 1986: 84 1987: 86 1988: 84 1989: 114 1990: 117 1991: 135 1992: 100 1993*c: 67 1994: 119 1995: 148 1996: 170 1997: 154 1998: 140 Location Washington Income Year 1980: 110 1981: 72 1982: 79 1983: 65 1984*c: 84 1985: 92 1986: 96 1987: 88 1988: 50 1989: 86 1990: 121 1991: 92 1992: 52 1993*c: 108 1994: 156 1995: 127 1996: 135 1997: 105 1998: 140 Location West Virginia Income Year 1980: 43 1981: 40 1982: 53 1983: 43 1984*c: 44 1985: 26 1986: 30 1987: 45 1988: 45 1989: 46 1990: 37 1991: 39 1992: 47 1993*c: 62 1994: 57 1995: 65 1996: 71 1997: 56 1998: 50 Location Wisconsin Income Year 1980: 52 1981: 74 1982: 55 1983: 76 1984*c: 67 1985: 58 1986: 60 1987: 54 1988: 66 1989: 90 1990: 72 1991: 64 1992: 78 1993*c: 97 1994: 94 1995: 103 1996: 104 1997: 108 1998: 74 Location Wyoming Income Year 1980: 6 1981: 6 1982: 7 1983: 7 1984*c: 6 1985: 9 1986: 10 1987: 10 1988: 7 1989: 7 1990: 5 1991: 8 1992: 7 1993*c: 7 1994: 8 1995: 11 1996: 8 1997: 9 1998: 9 Source: Author's calculations using the March Current Population Survey, 1981 through 1999. a. Persons with a disability are defined as those who report having (or are reported by the household's respondent as having), at the time of the survey, "a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do." b. The unit of the analysis is the individual not the household. Individuals are assumed to receive an equal share of their household's size-adjusted income. Size-adjusted income is household income by dividing income by the square root of household size. The CPS collect income for the year prior to the survey, the "income year". Income is before taxes but after public cash transfers. Negative sources of income are converted to zero. All dollar amounts are in 1998 dollars. c. In April of survey year 1984, sample weights based on the 1970 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1980 Census and the sample design was changed to increase the accuracy of state estimates. In survey year 1994, there were several changes in the CPS. It moved fully to computer-assisted survey interviews. Sample weights based on the 1980 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1990 Census. The Monthly Basic Survey was revised, and three new disability questions were added. It is possible that these changes affected the measurement of the population with a disability either through changes in the sample weights or in the way respondents answered disability questions. Appendix Table 4a. Sample Size of Non-Institutionalized Civilian Men without a Disability Aged 25 through 61 in the United States, and for Each State and the District of Columbia, Income Years 1980 through 1998 (in thousands)*a*b Location United States Income Year 1980: 35,584 1981: 32,186 1982: 32,731 1983: 32,503 1984*c: 32,771 1985: 32,389 1986: 32,156 1987: 32,726 1988: 30,512 1989: 33,429 1990: 33,700 1991: 33,210 1992: 32,940 1993*c: 31,747 1994: 31,804 1995: 27,791 1996: 28,298 1997: 28,653 1998: 28,930 Location Alabama Income Year 1980: 513 1981: 467 1982: 505 1983: 495 1984*c: 401 1985: 312 1986: 383 1987: 387 1988: 368 1989: 372 1990: 395 1991: 396 1992: 380 1993*c: 341 1994: 388 1995: 320 1996: 330 1997: 356 1998: 343 Location Alaska Income Year 1980: 447 1981: 458 1982: 531 1983: 524 1984*c: 551 1985: 602 1986: 502 1987: 460 1988: 496 1989: 476 1990: 487 1991: 492 1992: 501 1993*c: 438 1994: 399 1995: 341 1996: 354 1997: 348 1998: 360 Location Arizona Income Year 1980: 541 1981: 441 1982: 413 1983: 421 1984*c: 374 1985: 346 1986: 344 1987: 374 1988: 370 1989: 374 1990: 367 1991: 355 1992: 312 1993*c: 363 1994: 426 1995: 418 1996: 447 1997: 474 1998: 505 Location Arkansas Income Year 1980: 459 1981: 352 1982: 366 1983: 359 1984*c: 367 1985: 339 1986: 347 1987: 398 1988: 402 1989: 380 1990: 402 1991: 398 1992: 387 1993*c: 348 1994: 364 1995: 346 1996: 338 1997: 323 1998: 305 Location California Income Year 1980: 3,233 1981: 3,216 1982: 3,262 1983: 3,228 1984*c: 3,226 1985: 2,911 1986: 2,870 1987: 2,952 1988: 1,704 1989: 3,094 1990: 3,252 1991: 3,252 1992: 3,133 1993*c: 2,934 1994: 2,910 1995: 2,802 1996: 2,950 1997: 2,923 1998: 2,944 Location Colorado Income Year 1980: 609 1981: 611 1982: 634 1983: 619 1984*c: 476 1985: 393 1986: 356 1987: 366 1988: 353 1989: 358 1990: 397 1991: 428 1992: 417 1993*c: 417 1994: 444 1995: 432 1996: 465 1997: 485 1998: 498 Location Connecticut Income Year 1980: 411 1981: 361 1982: 384 1983: 395 1984*c: 392 1985: 380 1986: 344 1987: 324 1988: 305 1989: 345 1990: 316 1991: 304 1992: 337 1993*c: 306 1994: 277 1995: 280 1996: 266 1997: 299 1998: 302 Location Delaware Income Year 1980: 392 1981: 294 1982: 315 1983: 311 1984*c: 324 1985: 299 1986: 308 1987: 330 1988: 323 1989: 326 1990: 315 1991: 286 1992: 294 1993*c: 280 1994: 262 1995: 278 1996: 278 1997: 269 1998: 274 Location DC Income Year 1980: 351 1981: 285 1982: 283 1983: 296 1984*c: 294 1985: 303 1986: 288 1987: 312 1988: 288 1989: 302 1990: 275 1991: 263 1992: 270 1993*c: 256 1994: 268 1995: 226 1996: 251 1997: 268 1998: 240 Location Florida Income Year 1980: 1,001 1981: 992 1982: 1,009 1983: 1,011 1984*c: 1,219 1985: 1,335 1986: 1,421 1987: 1,476 1988: 1,618 1989: 1,623 1990: 1,590 1991: 1,464 1992: 1,478 1993*c: 1,405 1994: 1,343 1995: 1,323 1996: 1,301 1997: 1,351 1998: 1,362 Location Georgia Income Year 1980: 571 1981: 550 1982: 596 1983: 572 1984*c: 449 1985: 358 1986: 368 1987: 380 1988: 366 1989: 360 1990: 362 1991: 324 1992: 335 1993*c: 387 1994: 700 1995: 442 1996: 485 1997: 482 1998: 436 Location Hawaii Income Year 1980: 402 1981: 353 1982: 351 1983: 350 1984*c: 324 1985: 319 1986: 294 1987: 324 1988: 320 1989: 319 1990: 313 1991: 304 1992: 315 1993*c: 278 1994: 283 1995: 294 1996: 278 1997: 240 1998: 268 Location Idaho Income Year 1980: 460 1981: 364 1982: 377 1983: 388 1984*c: 406 1985: 411 1986: 390 1987: 381 1988: 401 1989: 428 1990: 452 1991: 403 1992: 403 1993*c: 444 1994: 401 1995: 396 1996: 407 1997: 435 1998: 459 Location Illinois Income Year 1980: 1,283 1981: 1,237 1982: 1,236 1983: 1,228 1984*c: 1,309 1985: 1,366 1986: 1,322 1987: 1,341 1988: 1,376 1989: 1,432 1990: 1,377 1991: 1,404 1992: 1,378 1993*c: 1,292 1994: 1,342 1995: 1,166 1996: 1,155 1997: 1,213 1998: 1,246 Location Indiana Income Year 1980: 655 1981: 626 1982: 607 1983: 596 1984*c: 550 1985: 508 1986: 454 1987: 458 1988: 390 1989: 384 1990: 363 1991: 346 1992: 385 1993*c: 370 1994: 308 1995: 352 1996: 363 1997: 399 1998: 377 Location Iowa Income Year 1980: 572 1981: 485 1982: 488 1983: 494 1984*c: 444 1985: 369 1986: 401 1987: 411 1988: 396 1989: 406 1990: 439 1991: 421 1992: 436 1993*c: 395 1994: 345 1995: 350 1996: 356 1997: 365 1998: 350 Location Kansas Income Year 1980: 478 1981: 368 1982: 377 1983: 397 1984*c: 431 1985: 381 1986: 392 1987: 386 1988: 369 1989: 405 1990: 413 1991: 404 1992: 434 1993*c: 378 1994: 366 1995: 342 1996: 324 1997: 349 1998: 340 Location Kentucky Income Year 1980: 534 1981: 426 1982: 451 1983: 429 1984*c: 381 1985: 361 1986: 351 1987: 358 1988: 315 1989: 316 1990: 333 1991: 337 1992: 356 1993*c: 343 1994: 325 1995: 325 1996: 338 1997: 333 1998: 338 Location Louisiana Income Year 1980: 456 1981: 454 1982: 448 1983: 426 1984*c: 382 1985: 344 1986: 320 1987: 308 1988: 309 1989: 298 1990: 287 1991: 322 1992: 283 1993*c: 262 1994: 335 1995: 324 1996: 346 1997: 356 1998: 341 Location Maine Income Year 1980: 461 1981: 398 1982: 397 1983: 400 1984*c: 351 1985: 308 1986: 324 1987: 315 1988: 322 1989: 337 1990: 331 1991: 332 1992: 322 1993*c: 313 1994: 259 1995: 288 1996: 290 1997: 284 1998: 304 Location Maryland Income Year 1980: 584 1981: 563 1982: 566 1983: 588 1984*c: 530 1985: 481 1986: 464 1987: 454 1988: 326 1989: 351 1990: 360 1991: 333 1992: 347 1993*c: 302 1994: 321 1995: 321 1996: 322 1997: 336 1998: 316 Location Massachusetts Income Year 1980: 738 1981: 730 1982: 769 1983: 790 1984*c: 1,020 1985: 1,211 1986: 1,233 1987: 1,258 1988: 1,245 1989: 1,235 1990: 1,258 1991: 1,277 1992: 1,286 1993*c: 1,273 1994: 1,284 1995: 650 1996: 651 1997: 661 1998: 679 Location Michigan Income Year 1980: 1,111 1981: 1,020 1982: 1,015 1983: 1,002 1984*c: 1,128 1985: 1,288 1986: 1,275 1987: 1,328 1988: 1,293 1989: 1,303 1990: 1,379 1991: 1,378 1992: 1,337 1993*c: 1,314 1994: 1,325 1995: 937 1996: 946 1997: 927 1998: 991 Location Minnesota Income Year 1980: 561 1981: 563 1982: 590 1983: 677 1984*c: 525 1985: 401 1986: 384 1987: 377 1988: 361 1989: 329 1990: 339 1991: 341 1992: 371 1993*c: 370 1994: 387 1995: 408 1996: 423 1997: 415 1998: 391 Location Mississippi Income Year 1980: 470 1981: 380 1982: 389 1983: 387 1984*c: 339 1985: 392 1986: 374 1987: 389 1988: 367 1989: 377 1990: 376 1991: 375 1992: 399 1993*c: 348 1994: 309 1995: 290 1996: 323 1997: 310 1998: 287 Location Missouri Income Year 1980: 602 1981: 585 1982: 583 1983: 550 1984*c: 528 1985: 476 1986: 447 1987: 445 1988: 368 1989: 352 1990: 364 1991: 356 1992: 355 1993*c: 345 1994: 288 1995: 332 1996: 325 1997: 304 1998: 335 Location Montana Income Year 1980: 534 1981: 455 1982: 453 1983: 482 1984*c: 423 1985: 419 1986: 415 1987: 407 1988: 409 1989: 438 1990: 453 1991: 402 1992: 409 1993*c: 402 1994: 403 1995: 353 1996: 359 1997: 393 1998: 395 Location Nebraska Income Year 1980: 518 1981: 438 1982: 412 1983: 389 1984*c: 405 1985: 398 1986: 394 1987: 403 1988: 395 1989: 410 1990: 409 1991: 421 1992: 430 1993*c: 399 1994: 380 1995: 346 1996: 369 1997: 361 1998: 403 Location Nevada Income Year 1980: 681 1981: 421 1982: 396 1983: 384 1984*c: 335 1985: 312 1986: 317 1987: 352 1988: 375 1989: 391 1990: 422 1991: 419 1992: 394 1993*c: 390 1994: 388 1995: 358 1996: 372 1997: 387 1998: 470 Location New Hampshire Income Year 1980: 423 1981: 310 1982: 321 1983: 308 1984*c: 280 1985: 266 1986: 281 1987: 312 1988: 287 1989: 298 1990: 284 1991: 275 1992: 305 1993*c: 276 1994: 270 1995: 279 1996: 267 1997: 289 1998: 321 Location New Jersey Income Year 1980: 952 1981: 901 1982: 875 1983: 879 1984*c: 1,150 1985: 1,384 1986: 1,355 1987: 1,338 1988: 1,344 1989: 1,423 1990: 1,486 1991: 1,523 1992: 1,493 1993*c: 1,472 1994: 1,440 1995: 906 1996: 925 1997: 908 1998: 915 Location New Mexico Income Year 1980: 637 1981: 393 1982: 454 1983: 475 1984*c: 498 1985: 463 1986: 462 1987: 419 1988: 437 1989: 488 1990: 466 1991: 455 1992: 404 1993*c: 389 1994: 446 1995: 445 1996: 498 1997: 483 1998: 516 Location New York Income Year 1980: 2,014 1981: 1,967 1982: 1,957 1983: 1,891 1984*c: 2,122 1985: 2,232 1986: 2,253 1987: 2,176 1988: 1,452 1989: 2,447 1990: 2,440 1991: 2,336 1992: 2,218 1993*c: 2,141 1994: 2,112 1995: 1,837 1996: 1,850 1997: 1,835 1998: 1,769 Location North Carolina Income Year 1980: 620 1981: 535 1982: 584 1983: 599 1984*c: 935 1985: 1,214 1986: 1,209 1987: 1,248 1988: 1,279 1989: 1,359 1990: 1,296 1991: 1,274 1992: 1,260 1993*c: 1,194 1994: 1,082 1995: 636 1996: 740 1997: 690 1998: 684 Location North Dakota Income Year 1980: 514 1981: 410 1982: 403 1983: 404 1984*c: 458 1985: 402 1986: 405 1987: 451 1988: 435 1989: 409 1990: 405 1991: 411 1992: 385 1993*c: 409 1994: 356 1995: 333 1996: 323 1997: 331 1998: 328 Location Ohio Income Year 1980: 1,226 1981: 1,235 1982: 1,232 1983: 1,187 1984*c: 1,250 1985: 1,343 1986: 1,343 1987: 1,411 1988: 1,359 1989: 1,361 1990: 1,412 1991: 1,420 1992: 1,453 1993*c: 1,385 1994: 1,295 1995: 1,013 1996: 993 1997: 1,018 1998: 1,015 Location Oklahoma Income Year 1980: 515 1981: 441 1982: 445 1983: 415 1984*c: 440 1985: 416 1986: 366 1987: 372 1988: 359 1989: 378 1990: 379 1991: 397 1992: 393 1993*c: 413 1994: 390 1995: 366 1996: 379 1997: 409 1998: 398 Location Oregon Income Year 1980: 583 1981: 446 1982: 434 1983: 450 1984*c: 394 1985: 306 1986: 329 1987: 318 1988: 319 1989: 336 1990: 352 1991: 349 1992: 367 1993*c: 365 1994: 390 1995: 353 1996: 343 1997: 385 1998: 394 Location Pennsylvania Income Year 1980: 1,323 1981: 1,299 1982: 1,286 1983: 1,226 1984*c: 1,256 1985: 1,333 1986: 1,268 1987: 1,342 1988: 1,333 1989: 1,390 1990: 1,344 1991: 1,371 1992: 1,330 1993*c: 1,334 1994: 1,363 1995: 1,147 1996: 1,134 1997: 1,144 1998: 1,155 Location Rhode Island Income Year 1980: 382 1981: 268 1982: 286 1983: 322 1984*c: 286 1985: 270 1986: 299 1987: 295 1988: 295 1989: 297 1990: 272 1991: 287 1992: 284 1993*c: 290 1994: 266 1995: 284 1996: 264 1997: 258 1998: 305 Location South Carolina Income Year 1980: 401 1981: 348 1982: 337 1983: 314 1984*c: 355 1985: 375 1986: 401 1987: 430 1988: 448 1989: 434 1990: 424 1991: 422 1992: 399 1993*c: 365 1994: 319 1995: 280 1996: 298 1997: 303 1998: 288 Location South Dakota Income Year 1980: 509 1981: 459 1982: 466 1983: 485 1984*c: 455 1985: 446 1986: 460 1987: 481 1988: 458 1989: 449 1990: 431 1991: 432 1992: 487 1993*c: 469 1994: 447 1995: 386 1996: 357 1997: 334 1998: 334 Location Tennessee Income Year 1980: 471 1981: 440 1982: 452 1983: 441 1984*c: 410 1985: 344 1986: 355 1987: 384 1988: 382 1989: 371 1990: 381 1991: 371 1992: 372 1993*c: 359 1994: 310 1995: 324 1996: 325 1997: 362 1998: 369 Location Texas Income Year 1980: 1,778 1981: 1,828 1982: 1,767 1983: 1,804 1984*c: 1,819 1985: 1,740 1986: 1,749 1987: 1,695 1988: 1,775 1989: 1,772 1990: 1,828 1991: 1,728 1992: 1,761 1993*c: 1,720 1994: 1,672 1995: 1,591 1996: 1,639 1997: 1,638 1998: 1,668 Location Utah Income Year 1980: 621 1981: 463 1982: 480 1983: 461 1984*c: 378 1985: 331 1986: 369 1987: 370 1988: 355 1989: 356 1990: 374 1991: 336 1992: 353 1993*c: 377 1994: 367 1995: 382 1996: 374 1997: 374 1998: 380 Location Vermont Income Year 1980: 412 1981: 331 1982: 345 1983: 333 1984*c: 312 1985: 286 1986: 287 1987: 289 1988: 287 1989: 279 1990: 253 1991: 273 1992: 246 1993*c: 258 1994: 271 1995: 293 1996: 297 1997: 281 1998: 288 Location Virginia Income Year 1980: 576 1981: 553 1982: 622 1983: 608 1984*c: 526 1985: 445 1986: 473 1987: 483 1988: 457 1989: 486 1990: 508 1991: 492 1992: 493 1993*c: 448 1994: 706 1995: 383 1996: 422 1997: 430 1998: 427 Location Washington Income Year 1980: 525 1981: 461 1982: 506 1983: 503 1984*c: 434 1985: 356 1986: 342 1987: 367 1988: 402 1989: 431 1990: 399 1991: 372 1992: 348 1993*c: 353 1994: 373 1995: 382 1996: 394 1997: 425 1998: 415 Location West Virginia Income Year 1980: 475 1981: 340 1982: 365 1983: 347 1984*c: 356 1985: 340 1986: 345 1987: 337 1988: 358 1989: 371 1990: 372 1991: 372 1992: 340 1993*c: 319 1994: 325 1995: 332 1996: 319 1997: 333 1998: 316 Location Wisconsin Income Year 1980: 522 1981: 516 1982: 534 1983: 507 1984*c: 431 1985: 467 1986: 464 1987: 463 1988: 462 1989: 464 1990: 466 1991: 472 1992: 467 1993*c: 448 1994: 416 1995: 438 1996: 422 1997: 414 1998: 414 Location Wyoming Income Year 1980: 477 1981: 349 1982: 377 1983: 356 1984*c: 342 1985: 307 1986: 259 1987: 291 1988: 299 1989: 309 1990: 302 1991: 305 1992: 298 1993*c: 270 1994: 358 1995: 361 1996: 323 1997: 363 1998: 372 Source: Author's calculations using the March Current Population Survey, 1981 through 1999. a. Persons with a disability are defined as those who report having (or are reported by the household's respondent as having), at the time of the survey, "a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do." b. The unit of the analysis is the individual not the household. Individuals are assumed to receive an equal share of their household's size-adjusted income. Size-adjusted income is household income by dividing income by the square root of household size. The CPS collect income for the year prior to the survey, the "income year". Income is before taxes but after public cash transfers. Negative sources of income are converted to zero. All dollar amounts are in 1998 dollars. c. In April of survey year 1984, sample weights based on the 1970 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1980 Census and the sample design was changed to increase the accuracy of state estimates. In survey year 1994, there were several changes in the CPS. It moved fully to computer-assisted survey interviews. Sample weights based on the 1980 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1990 Census. The Monthly Basic Survey was revised, and three new disability questions were added. It is possible that these changes affected the measurement of the population with a disability either through changes in the sample weights or in the way respondents answered disability questions. Appendix Table 4b. Sample Size of Non-Institutionalized Civilian Men with a Disability Aged 25 through 61 in the United States, and for Each State and the District of Columbia, Income Years 1980 through 1998 (in thousands)*a*b Location United States Income Year 1980: 3,093 1981: 2,828 1982: 2,762 1983: 2,793 1984*c: 2,781 1985: 2,789 1986: 2,743 1987: 2,653 1988: 2,491 1989: 2,745 1990: 2,734 1991: 2,828 1992: 2,893 1993*c: 2,818 1994: 2,785 1995: 2,382 1996: 2,475 1997: 2,323 1998: 2,368 Location Alabama Income Year 1980: 52 1981: 52 1982: 49 1983: 53 1984*c: 25 1985: 24 1986: 37 1987: 30 1988: 34 1989: 45 1990: 41 1991: 52 1992: 39 1993*c: 50 1994: 36 1995: 43 1996: 42 1997: 37 1998: 34 Location Alaska Income Year 1980: 34 1981: 33 1982: 41 1983: 35 1984*c: 28 1985: 30 1986: 35 1987: 27 1988: 40 1989: 25 1990: 30 1991: 31 1992: 28 1993*c: 29 1994: 33 1995: 28 1996: 30 1997: 28 1998: 24 Location Arizona Income Year 1980: 55 1981: 42 1982: 44 1983: 31 1984*c: 29 1985: 31 1986: 36 1987: 37 1988: 26 1989: 36 1990: 30 1991: 25 1992: 40 1993*c: 30 1994: 32 1995: 28 1996: 39 1997: 29 1998: 30 Location Arkansas Income Year 1980: 73 1981: 58 1982: 53 1983: 41 1984*c: 49 1985: 53 1986: 59 1987: 54 1988: 44 1989: 39 1990: 46 1991: 48 1992: 44 1993*c: 51 1994: 32 1995: 53 1996: 50 1997: 49 1998: 44 Location California Income Year 1980: 242 1981: 292 1982: 252 1983: 244 1984*c: 254 1985: 230 1986: 222 1987: 216 1988: 128 1989: 229 1990: 234 1991: 230 1992: 253 1993*c: 236 1994: 219 1995: 206 1996: 221 1997: 184 1998: 199 Location Colorado Income Year 1980: 33 1981: 38 1982: 51 1983: 53 1984*c: 37 1985: 22 1986: 39 1987: 24 1988: 30 1989: 31 1990: 29 1991: 40 1992: 46 1993*c: 25 1994: 28 1995: 32 1996: 36 1997: 32 1998: 38 Location Connecticut Income Year 1980: 25 1981: 20 1982: 19 1983: 21 1984*c: 23 1985: 22 1986: 14 1987: 20 1988: 16 1989: 13 1990: 14 1991: 17 1992: 17 1993*c: 19 1994: 16 1995: 15 1996: 17 1997: 29 1998: 28 Location Delaware Income Year 1980: 39 1981: 30 1982: 23 1983: 22 1984*c: 26 1985: 21 1986: 21 1987: 17 1988: 26 1989: 24 1990: 16 1991: 22 1992: 26 1993*c: 18 1994: 22 1995: 21 1996: 19 1997: 16 1998: 15 Location DC Income Year 1980: 44 1981: 22 1982: 24 1983: 31 1984*c: 31 1985: 25 1986: 24 1987: 19 1988: 18 1989: 24 1990: 40 1991: 20 1992: 22 1993*c: 22 1994: 21 1995: 28 1996: 23 1997: 19 1998: 22 Location Florida Income Year 1980: 78 1981: 95 1982: 97 1983: 95 1984*c: 117 1985: 121 1986: 120 1987: 132 1988: 145 1989: 142 1990: 134 1991: 144 1992: 126 1993*c: 157 1994: 143 1995: 112 1996: 128 1997: 115 1998: 143 Location Georgia Income Year 1980: 81 1981: 59 1982: 54 1983: 51 1984*c: 49 1985: 49 1986: 38 1987: 33 1988: 35 1989: 32 1990: 32 1991: 30 1992: 33 1993*c: 33 1994: 70 1995: 42 1996: 41 1997: 43 1998: 46 Location Hawaii Income Year 1980: 36 1981: 35 1982: 31 1983: 27 1984*c: 32 1985: 31 1986: 29 1987: 18 1988: 17 1989: 22 1990: 11 1991: 24 1992: 25 1993*c: 24 1994: 21 1995: 15 1996: 20 1997: 17 1998: 16 Location Idaho Income Year 1980: 42 1981: 20 1982: 36 1983: 48 1984*c: 47 1985: 45 1986: 42 1987: 43 1988: 20 1989: 44 1990: 37 1991: 39 1992: 29 1993*c: 27 1994: 37 1995: 40 1996: 32 1997: 45 1998: 27 Location Illinois Income Year 1980: 92 1981: 83 1982: 72 1983: 83 1984*c: 83 1985: 79 1986: 93 1987: 93 1988: 84 1989: 97 1990: 96 1991: 98 1992: 107 1993*c: 101 1994: 93 1995: 70 1996: 85 1997: 70 1998: 87 Location Indiana Income Year 1980: 37 1981: 52 1982: 54 1983: 45 1984*c: 30 1985: 33 1986: 45 1987: 39 1988: 24 1989: 26 1990: 28 1991: 27 1992: 19 1993*c: 20 1994: 24 1995: 24 1996: 29 1997: 21 1998: 35 Location Iowa Income Year 1980: 31 1981: 35 1982: 29 1983: 37 1984*c: 28 1985: 30 1986: 31 1987: 28 1988: 20 1989: 28 1990: 29 1991: 31 1992: 39 1993*c: 39 1994: 33 1995: 21 1996: 22 1997: 20 1998: 22 Location Kansas Income Year 1980: 28 1981: 18 1982: 22 1983: 24 1984*c: 21 1985: 25 1986: 27 1987: 20 1988: 19 1989: 23 1990: 18 1991: 24 1992: 31 1993*c: 28 1994: 25 1995: 40 1996: 34 1997: 25 1998: 24 Location Kentucky Income Year 1980: 57 1981: 57 1982: 42 1983: 52 1984*c: 40 1985: 42 1986: 43 1987: 42 1988: 44 1989: 44 1990: 54 1991: 55 1992: 64 1993*c: 62 1994: 50 1995: 53 1996: 41 1997: 38 1998: 53 Location Louisiana Income Year 1980: 57 1981: 52 1982: 54 1983: 45 1984*c: 33 1985: 45 1986: 38 1987: 42 1988: 45 1989: 40 1990: 33 1991: 23 1992: 31 1993*c: 45 1994: 45 1995: 42 1996: 40 1997: 35 1998: 42 Location Maine Income Year 1980: 48 1981: 43 1982: 39 1983: 42 1984*c: 40 1985: 29 1986: 34 1987: 30 1988: 34 1989: 35 1990: 31 1991: 37 1992: 45 1993*c: 36 1994: 40 1995: 32 1996: 34 1997: 38 1998: 34 Location Maryland Income Year 1980: 33 1981: 36 1982: 36 1983: 40 1984*c: 48 1985: 27 1986: 26 1987: 23 1988: 27 1989: 19 1990: 14 1991: 21 1992: 23 1993*c: 35 1994: 27 1995: 23 1996: 19 1997: 19 1998: 17 Location Massachusetts Income Year 1980: 58 1981: 51 1982: 56 1983: 48 1984*c: 69 1985: 109 1986: 70 1987: 83 1988: 99 1989: 91 1990: 114 1991: 98 1992: 89 1993*c: 100 1994: 119 1995: 68 1996: 62 1997: 74 1998: 48 Location Michigan Income Year 1980: 95 1981: 93 1982: 107 1983: 106 1984*c: 146 1985: 148 1986: 122 1987: 123 1988: 113 1989: 141 1990: 126 1991: 131 1992: 128 1993*c: 127 1994: 135 1995: 74 1996: 78 1997: 72 1998: 71 Location Minnesota Income Year 1980: 38 1981: 41 1982: 45 1983: 62 1984*c: 41 1985: 36 1986: 33 1987: 37 1988: 33 1989: 27 1990: 25 1991: 36 1992: 29 1993*c: 33 1994: 27 1995: 20 1996: 29 1997: 27 1998: 24 Location Mississippi Income Year 1980: 66 1981: 42 1982: 49 1983: 50 1984*c: 51 1985: 42 1986: 42 1987: 49 1988: 48 1989: 48 1990: 49 1991: 52 1992: 42 1993*c: 39 1994: 28 1995: 33 1996: 33 1997: 28 1998: 34 Location Missouri Income Year 1980: 53 1981: 63 1982: 58 1983: 59 1984*c: 47 1985: 44 1986: 37 1987: 39 1988: 39 1989: 34 1990: 30 1991: 29 1992: 39 1993*c: 28 1994: 29 1995: 19 1996: 21 1997: 28 1998: 28 Location Montana Income Year 1980: 39 1981: 23 1982: 50 1983: 52 1984*c: 38 1985: 50 1986: 52 1987: 55 1988: 49 1989: 55 1990: 44 1991: 37 1992: 37 1993*c: 38 1994: 36 1995: 45 1996: 51 1997: 49 1998: 54 Location Nebraska Income Year 1980: 31 1981: 30 1982: 28 1983: 30 1984*c: 29 1985: 12 1986: 22 1987: 29 1988: 25 1989: 18 1990: 29 1991: 31 1992: 24 1993*c: 20 1994: 29 1995: 24 1996: 27 1997: 28 1998: 18 Location Nevada Income Year 1980: 60 1981: 23 1982: 22 1983: 20 1984*c: 21 1985: 24 1986: 22 1987: 32 1988: 27 1989: 18 1990: 20 1991: 28 1992: 26 1993*c: 36 1994: 20 1995: 25 1996: 20 1997: 24 1998: 32 Location New Hampshire Income Year 1980: 20 1981: 36 1982: 30 1983: 28 1984*c: 20 1985: 14 1986: 23 1987: 19 1988: 23 1989: 23 1990: 20 1991: 20 1992: 26 1993*c: 24 1994: 27 1995: 31 1996: 30 1997: 20 1998: 21 Location New Jersey Income Year 1980: 55 1981: 69 1982: 56 1983: 46 1984*c: 75 1985: 88 1986: 93 1987: 74 1988: 67 1989: 64 1990: 66 1991: 66 1992: 76 1993*c: 90 1994: 81 1995: 47 1996: 70 1997: 43 1998: 56 Location New Mexico Income Year 1980: 83 1981: 70 1982: 56 1983: 56 1984*c: 49 1985: 38 1986: 47 1987: 48 1988: 48 1989: 54 1990: 52 1991: 46 1992: 52 1993*c: 55 1994: 49 1995: 52 1996: 64 1997: 57 1998: 47 Location New York Income Year 1980: 135 1981: 149 1982: 145 1983: 165 1984*c: 173 1985: 193 1986: 137 1987: 155 1988: 114 1989: 164 1990: 192 1991: 175 1992: 194 1993*c: 189 1994: 187 1995: 148 1996: 165 1997: 141 1998: 165 Location North Carolina Income Year 1980: 61 1981: 64 1982: 58 1983: 62 1984*c: 98 1985: 136 1986: 115 1987: 106 1988: 105 1989: 106 1990: 102 1991: 114 1992: 112 1993*c: 107 1994: 89 1995: 57 1996: 52 1997: 70 1998: 68 Location North Dakota Income Year 1980: 37 1981: 31 1982: 33 1983: 27 1984*c: 24 1985: 26 1986: 33 1987: 40 1988: 30 1989: 38 1990: 37 1991: 35 1992: 25 1993*c: 29 1994: 25 1995: 19 1996: 22 1997: 24 1998: 18 Location Ohio Income Year 1980: 123 1981: 109 1982: 104 1983: 111 1984*c: 114 1985: 105 1986: 124 1987: 125 1988: 134 1989: 128 1990: 133 1991: 131 1992: 124 1993*c: 120 1994: 112 1995: 98 1996: 94 1997: 86 1998: 90 Location Oklahoma Income Year 1980: 50 1981: 47 1982: 45 1983: 40 1984*c: 27 1985: 37 1986: 40 1987: 27 1988: 41 1989: 41 1990: 45 1991: 49 1992: 39 1993*c: 51 1994: 43 1995: 39 1996: 38 1997: 41 1998: 44 Location Oregon Income Year 1980: 61 1981: 45 1982: 43 1983: 46 1984*c: 32 1985: 33 1986: 41 1987: 44 1988: 38 1989: 26 1990: 31 1991: 36 1992: 30 1993*c: 28 1994: 27 1995: 29 1996: 26 1997: 21 1998: 27 Location Pennsylvania Income Year 1980: 134 1981: 110 1982: 107 1983: 112 1984*c: 133 1985: 141 1986: 132 1987: 100 1988: 101 1989: 87 1990: 95 1991: 134 1992: 145 1993*c: 102 1994: 125 1995: 101 1996: 119 1997: 112 1998: 100 Location Rhode Island Income Year 1980: 45 1981: 24 1982: 29 1983: 33 1984*c: 23 1985: 24 1986: 21 1987: 22 1988: 26 1989: 21 1990: 24 1991: 25 1992: 31 1993*c: 20 1994: 32 1995: 29 1996: 24 1997: 29 1998: 27 Location South Carolina Income Year 1980: 39 1981: 22 1982: 29 1983: 33 1984*c: 31 1985: 37 1986: 42 1987: 32 1988: 26 1989: 54 1990: 45 1991: 50 1992: 44 1993*c: 41 1994: 45 1995: 30 1996: 16 1997: 19 1998: 25 Location South Dakota Income Year 1980: 31 1981: 42 1982: 40 1983: 32 1984*c: 34 1985: 35 1986: 30 1987: 27 1988: 31 1989: 31 1990: 29 1991: 37 1992: 54 1993*c: 37 1994: 27 1995: 29 1996: 29 1997: 25 1998: 25 Location Tennessee Income Year 1980: 38 1981: 51 1982: 59 1983: 46 1984*c: 45 1985: 47 1986: 44 1987: 39 1988: 42 1989: 39 1990: 38 1991: 49 1992: 57 1993*c: 52 1994: 47 1995: 40 1996: 49 1997: 36 1998: 32 Location Texas Income Year 1980: 160 1981: 130 1982: 116 1983: 146 1984*c: 150 1985: 132 1986: 152 1987: 149 1988: 135 1989: 176 1990: 143 1991: 145 1992: 140 1993*c: 131 1994: 144 1995: 127 1996: 88 1997: 125 1998: 120 Location Utah Income Year 1980: 45 1981: 39 1982: 30 1983: 26 1984*c: 23 1985: 24 1986: 18 1987: 16 1988: 22 1989: 24 1990: 24 1991: 18 1992: 22 1993*c: 32 1994: 23 1995: 23 1996: 24 1997: 27 1998: 22 Location Vermont Income Year 1980: 53 1981: 33 1982: 25 1983: 33 1984*c: 20 1985: 20 1986: 20 1987: 26 1988: 21 1989: 19 1990: 25 1991: 27 1992: 26 1993*c: 22 1994: 23 1995: 26 1996: 30 1997: 31 1998: 20 Location Virginia Income Year 1980: 53 1981: 41 1982: 52 1983: 45 1984*c: 48 1985: 39 1986: 41 1987: 47 1988: 39 1989: 38 1990: 39 1991: 33 1992: 33 1993*c: 34 1994: 54 1995: 41 1996: 37 1997: 29 1998: 22 Location Washington Income Year 1980: 67 1981: 50 1982: 46 1983: 43 1984*c: 32 1985: 38 1986: 38 1987: 26 1988: 30 1989: 41 1990: 50 1991: 37 1992: 32 1993*c: 28 1994: 32 1995: 33 1996: 35 1997: 28 1998: 29 Location West Virginia Income Year 1980: 76 1981: 66 1982: 55 1983: 60 1984*c: 54 1985: 53 1986: 53 1987: 45 1988: 46 1989: 56 1990: 50 1991: 56 1992: 63 1993*c: 56 1994: 69 1995: 52 1996: 64 1997: 54 1998: 47 Location Wisconsin Income Year 1980: 42 1981: 38 1982: 41 1983: 35 1984*c: 36 1985: 24 1986: 26 1987: 28 1988: 33 1989: 33 1990: 34 1991: 32 1992: 43 1993*c: 38 1994: 26 1995: 23 1996: 35 1997: 38 1998: 42 Location Wyoming Income Year 1980: 28 1981: 24 1982: 26 1983: 21 1984*c: 28 1985: 26 1986: 20 1987: 24 1988: 30 1989: 32 1990: 26 1991: 33 1992: 24 1993*c: 24 1994: 28 1995: 32 1996: 41 1997: 28 1998: 32 Source: Author's calculations using the March Current Population Survey, 1981 through 1999. a. Persons with a disability are defined as those who report having (or are reported by the household's respondent as having), at the time of the survey, "a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do." b. The unit of the analysis is the individual not the household. Individuals are assumed to receive an equal share of their household's size-adjusted income. Size-adjusted income is household income by dividing income by the square root of household size. The CPS collect income for the year prior to the survey, the "income year". Income is before taxes but after public cash transfers. Negative sources of income are converted to zero. All dollar amounts are in 1998 dollars. c. In April of survey year 1984, sample weights based on the 1970 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1980 Census and the sample design was changed to increase the accuracy of state estimates. In survey year 1994, there were several changes in the CPS. It moved fully to computer-assisted survey interviews. Sample weights based on the 1980 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1990 Census. The Monthly Basic Survey was revised, and three new disability questions were added. It is possible that these changes affected the measurement of the population with a disability either through changes in the sample weights or in the way respondents answered disability questions. Appendix Table 4c. Sample Size of Non-Institutionalized Civilian Women without a Disability Aged 25 through 61 in the United States, and for Each State and the District of Columbia, Income Years 1980 through 1998 (in thousands)*a*b Location United States Income Year 1980: 38,977 1981: 35,409 1982: 35,808 1983: 35,863 1984*c: 36,278 1985: 35,712 1986: 35,540 1987: 35,963 1988: 33,375 1989: 36,731 1990: 36,842 1991: 36,347 1992: 36,141 1993*c: 34,974 1994: 34,834 1995: 30,371 1996: 30,725 1997: 30,884 1998: 31,194 Location Alabama Income Year 1980: 600 1981: 544 1982: 559 1983: 536 1984*c: 460 1985: 347 1986: 452 1987: 425 1988: 401 1989: 431 1990: 440 1991: 445 1992: 424 1993*c: 391 1994: 415 1995: 382 1996: 390 1997: 393 1998: 391 Location Alaska Income Year 1980: 468 1981: 492 1982: 536 1983: 565 1984*c: 616 1985: 630 1986: 540 1987: 505 1988: 534 1989: 508 1990: 535 1991: 543 1992: 536 1993*c: 471 1994: 435 1995: 361 1996: 378 1997: 344 1998: 370 Location Arizona Income Year 1980: 621 1981: 498 1982: 469 1983: 451 1984*c: 427 1985: 356 1986: 368 1987: 419 1988: 394 1989: 419 1990: 416 1991: 391 1992: 386 1993*c: 376 1994: 451 1995: 469 1996: 509 1997: 527 1998: 554 Location Arkansas Income Year 1980: 520 1981: 416 1982: 417 1983: 418 1984*c: 420 1985: 359 1986: 412 1987: 444 1988: 445 1989: 449 1990: 449 1991: 422 1992: 400 1993*c: 398 1994: 380 1995: 374 1996: 367 1997: 361 1998: 354 Location California Income Year 1980: 3,434 1981: 3,473 1982: 3,498 1983: 3,551 1984*c: 3,450 1985: 3,078 1986: 3,075 1987: 3,146 1988: 1,848 1989: 3,299 1990: 3,378 1991: 3,345 1992: 3,315 1993*c: 3,158 1994: 3,098 1995: 2,955 1996: 3,034 1997: 3,113 1998: 3,073 Location Colorado Income Year 1980: 647 1981: 633 1982: 645 1983: 659 1984*c: 503 1985: 424 1986: 410 1987: 389 1988: 410 1989: 410 1990: 395 1991: 405 1992: 416 1993*c: 415 1994: 426 1995: 431 1996: 464 1997: 471 1998: 483 Location Connecticut Income Year 1980: 460 1981: 409 1982: 420 1983: 416 1984*c: 409 1985: 438 1986: 381 1987: 349 1988: 320 1989: 333 1990: 342 1991: 342 1992: 354 1993*c: 342 1994: 315 1995: 319 1996: 329 1997: 344 1998: 347 Location Delaware Income Year 1980: 407 1981: 318 1982: 341 1983: 387 1984*c: 371 1985: 332 1986: 319 1987: 332 1988: 340 1989: 350 1990: 339 1991: 326 1992: 315 1993*c: 293 1994: 285 1995: 313 1996: 322 1997: 320 1998: 317 Location DC Income Year 1980: 436 1981: 351 1982: 340 1983: 318 1984*c: 360 1985: 352 1986: 387 1987: 351 1988: 338 1989: 364 1990: 340 1991: 314 1992: 304 1993*c: 298 1994: 319 1995: 323 1996: 302 1997: 304 1998: 278 Location Florida Income Year 1980: 1,203 1981: 1,159 1982: 1,179 1983: 1,162 1984*c: 1,405 1985: 1,520 1986: 1,639 1987: 1,738 1988: 1,768 1989: 1,809 1990: 1,798 1991: 1,687 1992: 1,690 1993*c: 1,680 1994: 1,552 1995: 1,514 1996: 1,459 1997: 1,476 1998: 1,491 Location Georgia Income Year 1980: 660 1981: 619 1982: 664 1983: 636 1984*c: 517 1985: 425 1986: 426 1987: 426 1988: 429 1989: 403 1990: 423 1991: 389 1992: 396 1993*c: 431 1994: 785 1995: 504 1996: 504 1997: 540 1998: 535 Location Hawaii Income Year 1980: 471 1981: 399 1982: 398 1983: 420 1984*c: 386 1985: 378 1986: 353 1987: 369 1988: 363 1989: 362 1990: 337 1991: 345 1992: 348 1993*c: 341 1994: 308 1995: 325 1996: 319 1997: 276 1998: 278 Location Idaho Income Year 1980: 461 1981: 361 1982: 396 1983: 425 1984*c: 443 1985: 408 1986: 426 1987: 415 1988: 410 1989: 448 1990: 450 1991: 420 1992: 415 1993*c: 470 1994: 402 1995: 391 1996: 422 1997: 435 1998: 437 Location Illinois Income Year 1980: 1,417 1981: 1,372 1982: 1,287 1983: 1,319 1984*c: 1,426 1985: 1,539 1986: 1,456 1987: 1,459 1988: 1,445 1989: 1,474 1990: 1,486 1991: 1,541 1992: 1,513 1993*c: 1,468 1994: 1,523 1995: 1,307 1996: 1,311 1997: 1,294 1998: 1,314 Location Indiana Income Year 1980: 711 1981: 670 1982: 657 1983: 632 1984*c: 537 1985: 523 1986: 506 1987: 513 1988: 427 1989: 402 1990: 389 1991: 399 1992: 405 1993*c: 400 1994: 323 1995: 358 1996: 373 1997: 400 1998: 411 Location Iowa Income Year 1980: 600 1981: 505 1982: 499 1983: 542 1984*c: 475 1985: 408 1986: 417 1987: 425 1988: 412 1989: 421 1990: 440 1991: 449 1992: 463 1993*c: 404 1994: 359 1995: 378 1996: 379 1997: 381 1998: 351 Location Kansas Income Year 1980: 495 1981: 388 1982: 386 1983: 418 1984*c: 427 1985: 408 1986: 408 1987: 424 1988: 414 1989: 437 1990: 443 1991: 448 1992: 454 1993*c: 412 1994: 369 1995: 348 1996: 334 1997: 340 1998: 354 Location Kentucky Income Year 1980: 576 1981: 484 1982: 505 1983: 514 1984*c: 437 1985: 395 1986: 414 1987: 415 1988: 366 1989: 380 1990: 388 1991: 404 1992: 420 1993*c: 394 1994: 363 1995: 357 1996: 386 1997: 377 1998: 392 Location Louisiana Income Year 1980: 540 1981: 497 1982: 489 1983: 479 1984*c: 419 1985: 385 1986: 348 1987: 367 1988: 378 1989: 354 1990: 358 1991: 356 1992: 360 1993*c: 342 1994: 389 1995: 373 1996: 393 1997: 403 1998: 416 Location Maine Income Year 1980: 506 1981: 439 1982: 442 1983: 474 1984*c: 412 1985: 326 1986: 335 1987: 340 1988: 357 1989: 385 1990: 375 1991: 359 1992: 351 1993*c: 340 1994: 285 1995: 309 1996: 299 1997: 321 1998: 332 Location Maryland Income Year 1980: 615 1981: 654 1982: 645 1983: 648 1984*c: 602 1985: 563 1986: 517 1987: 515 1988: 350 1989: 390 1990: 388 1991: 385 1992: 390 1993*c: 334 1994: 360 1995: 370 1996: 364 1997: 388 1998: 364 Location Massachusetts Income Year 1980: 817 1981: 796 1982: 819 1983: 834 1984*c: 1,162 1985: 1,429 1986: 1,412 1987: 1,440 1988: 1,369 1989: 1,387 1990: 1,405 1991: 1,359 1992: 1,374 1993*c: 1,397 1994: 1,437 1995: 712 1996: 718 1997: 729 1998: 762 Location Michigan Income Year 1980: 1,187 1981: 1,131 1982: 1,166 1983: 1,072 1984*c: 1,275 1985: 1,393 1986: 1,360 1987: 1,379 1988: 1,354 1989: 1,441 1990: 1,446 1991: 1,456 1992: 1,435 1993*c: 1,403 1994: 1,451 1995: 1,026 1996: 1,018 1997: 971 1998: 987 Location Minnesota Income Year 1980: 567 1981: 574 1982: 604 1983: 678 1984*c: 529 1985: 427 1986: 380 1987: 386 1988: 378 1989: 358 1990: 379 1991: 369 1992: 403 1993*c: 385 1994: 380 1995: 424 1996: 434 1997: 450 1998: 422 Location Mississippi Income Year 1980: 560 1981: 453 1982: 453 1983: 443 1984*c: 405 1985: 428 1986: 409 1987: 426 1988: 412 1989: 455 1990: 430 1991: 428 1992: 457 1993*c: 444 1994: 366 1995: 385 1996: 384 1997: 351 1998: 348 Location Missouri Income Year 1980: 650 1981: 615 1982: 644 1983: 623 1984*c: 602 1985: 518 1986: 469 1987: 468 1988: 392 1989: 393 1990: 384 1991: 388 1992: 401 1993*c: 371 1994: 294 1995: 355 1996: 346 1997: 343 1998: 341 Location Montana Income Year 1980: 525 1981: 451 1982: 454 1983: 449 1984*c: 438 1985: 462 1986: 462 1987: 451 1988: 445 1989: 467 1990: 467 1991: 430 1992: 429 1993*c: 427 1994: 410 1995: 359 1996: 382 1997: 403 1998: 415 Location Nebraska Income Year 1980: 535 1981: 467 1982: 432 1983: 420 1984*c: 461 1985: 426 1986: 439 1987: 433 1988: 414 1989: 454 1990: 459 1991: 468 1992: 492 1993*c: 450 1994: 437 1995: 370 1996: 375 1997: 381 1998: 381 Location Nevada Income Year 1980: 674 1981: 424 1982: 376 1983: 369 1984*c: 349 1985: 347 1986: 353 1987: 358 1988: 383 1989: 410 1990: 425 1991: 421 1992: 394 1993*c: 374 1994: 374 1995: 337 1996: 375 1997: 428 1998: 477 Location New Hampshire Income Year 1980: 443 1981: 340 1982: 343 1983: 338 1984*c: 318 1985: 282 1986: 291 1987: 323 1988: 312 1989: 322 1990: 281 1991: 294 1992: 309 1993*c: 265 1994: 279 1995: 298 1996: 277 1997: 294 1998: 316 Location New Jersey Income Year 1980: 1,078 1981: 994 1982: 974 1983: 1,000 1984*c: 1,280 1985: 1,544 1986: 1,535 1987: 1,464 1988: 1,478 1989: 1,558 1990: 1,612 1991: 1,615 1992: 1,583 1993*c: 1,611 1994: 1,566 1995: 992 1996: 994 1997: 1,011 1998: 1,053 Location New Mexico Income Year 1980: 743 1981: 469 1982: 545 1983: 555 1984*c: 570 1985: 496 1986: 501 1987: 483 1988: 520 1989: 564 1990: 515 1991: 500 1992: 468 1993*c: 441 1994: 510 1995: 525 1996: 558 1997: 573 1998: 570 Location New York Income Year 1980: 2,331 1981: 2,234 1982: 2,353 1983: 2,329 1984*c: 2,559 1985: 2,671 1986: 2,615 1987: 2,593 1988: 1,693 1989: 2,796 1990: 2,812 1991: 2,775 1992: 2,695 1993*c: 2,615 1994: 2,552 1995: 2,145 1996: 2,146 1997: 2,029 1998: 2,027 Location North Carolina Income Year 1980: 685 1981: 626 1982: 671 1983: 680 1984*c: 1,041 1985: 1,377 1986: 1,410 1987: 1,379 1988: 1,411 1989: 1,433 1990: 1,419 1991: 1,437 1992: 1,464 1993*c: 1,349 1994: 1,208 1995: 715 1996: 782 1997: 750 1998: 764 Location North Dakota Income Year 1980: 531 1981: 403 1982: 429 1983: 422 1984*c: 442 1985: 436 1986: 430 1987: 450 1988: 452 1989: 428 1990: 456 1991: 454 1992: 430 1993*c: 427 1994: 391 1995: 345 1996: 334 1997: 344 1998: 349 Location Ohio Income Year 1980: 1,373 1981: 1,335 1982: 1,357 1983: 1,312 1984*c: 1,412 1985: 1,472 1986: 1,523 1987: 1,535 1988: 1,515 1989: 1,514 1990: 1,593 1991: 1,566 1992: 1,581 1993*c: 1,495 1994: 1,445 1995: 1,070 1996: 1,054 1997: 1,126 1998: 1,106 Location Oklahoma Income Year 1980: 547 1981: 479 1982: 497 1983: 488 1984*c: 472 1985: 476 1986: 408 1987: 429 1988: 397 1989: 403 1990: 416 1991: 413 1992: 440 1993*c: 452 1994: 454 1995: 418 1996: 433 1997: 421 1998: 424 Location Oregon Income Year 1980: 600 1981: 477 1982: 472 1983: 482 1984*c: 425 1985: 334 1986: 353 1987: 306 1988: 336 1989: 368 1990: 349 1991: 385 1992: 384 1993*c: 371 1994: 370 1995: 367 1996: 346 1997: 382 1998: 416 Location Pennsylvania Income Year 1980: 1,424 1981: 1,389 1982: 1,430 1983: 1,378 1984*c: 1,439 1985: 1,460 1986: 1,387 1987: 1,440 1988: 1,500 1989: 1,507 1990: 1,537 1991: 1,526 1992: 1,474 1993*c: 1,423 1994: 1,470 1995: 1,273 1996: 1,250 1997: 1,241 1998: 1,277 Location Rhode Island Income Year 1980: 454 1981: 335 1982: 313 1983: 354 1984*c: 331 1985: 310 1986: 309 1987: 308 1988: 309 1989: 312 1990: 282 1991: 299 1992: 299 1993*c: 317 1994: 299 1995: 278 1996: 302 1997: 289 1998: 309 Location South Carolina Income Year 1980: 437 1981: 415 1982: 424 1983: 410 1984*c: 404 1985: 427 1986: 447 1987: 506 1988: 479 1989: 525 1990: 488 1991: 472 1992: 473 1993*c: 430 1994: 365 1995: 322 1996: 324 1997: 328 1998: 321 Location South Dakota Income Year 1980: 553 1981: 516 1982: 481 1983: 469 1984*c: 466 1985: 443 1986: 494 1987: 495 1988: 476 1989: 457 1990: 431 1991: 425 1992: 468 1993*c: 469 1994: 429 1995: 369 1996: 364 1997: 322 1998: 331 Location Tennessee Income Year 1980: 523 1981: 510 1982: 476 1983: 464 1984*c: 451 1985: 383 1986: 382 1987: 411 1988: 412 1989: 407 1990: 414 1991: 448 1992: 443 1993*c: 412 1994: 398 1995: 379 1996: 373 1997: 376 1998: 420 Location Texas Income Year 1980: 1,965 1981: 1,949 1982: 1,913 1983: 1,961 1984*c: 1,984 1985: 1,926 1986: 1,850 1987: 1,897 1988: 1,959 1989: 2,033 1990: 1,982 1991: 1,893 1992: 1,882 1993*c: 1,869 1994: 1,822 1995: 1,726 1996: 1,809 1997: 1,796 1998: 1,817 Location Utah Income Year 1980: 682 1981: 508 1982: 498 1983: 491 1984*c: 390 1985: 340 1986: 378 1987: 390 1988: 380 1989: 384 1990: 404 1991: 377 1992: 371 1993*c: 372 1994: 344 1995: 371 1996: 400 1997: 403 1998: 394 Location Vermont Income Year 1980: 441 1981: 344 1982: 342 1983: 335 1984*c: 309 1985: 305 1986: 315 1987: 319 1988: 312 1989: 308 1990: 309 1991: 303 1992: 259 1993*c: 259 1994: 301 1995: 317 1996: 295 1997: 284 1998: 287 Location Virginia Income Year 1980: 690 1981: 690 1982: 707 1983: 708 1984*c: 606 1985: 490 1986: 531 1987: 563 1988: 546 1989: 568 1990: 575 1991: 517 1992: 532 1993*c: 515 1994: 769 1995: 455 1996: 464 1997: 455 1998: 454 Location Washington Income Year 1980: 577 1981: 521 1982: 549 1983: 549 1984*c: 456 1985: 369 1986: 367 1987: 389 1988: 421 1989: 452 1990: 449 1991: 405 1992: 380 1993*c: 361 1994: 370 1995: 367 1996: 379 1997: 437 1998: 442 Location West Virginia Income Year 1980: 545 1981: 422 1982: 422 1983: 401 1984*c: 417 1985: 404 1986: 410 1987: 415 1988: 404 1989: 406 1990: 410 1991: 414 1992: 364 1993*c: 364 1994: 374 1995: 385 1996: 351 1997: 361 1998: 359 Location Wisconsin Income Year 1980: 553 1981: 549 1982: 550 1983: 532 1984*c: 439 1985: 445 1986: 470 1987: 475 1988: 462 1989: 472 1990: 488 1991: 490 1992: 500 1993*c: 459 1994: 441 1995: 457 1996: 444 1997: 411 1998: 408 Location Wyoming Income Year 1980: 439 1981: 312 1982: 342 1983: 347 1984*c: 344 1985: 298 1986: 261 1987: 286 1988: 305 1989: 321 1990: 316 1991: 305 1992: 302 1993*c: 289 1994: 386 1995: 368 1996: 376 1997: 387 1998: 375 Source: Author's calculations using the March Current Population Survey, 1981 through 1999. a. Persons with a disability are defined as those who report having (or are reported by the household's respondent as having), at the time of the survey, "a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do." b. The unit of the analysis is the individual not the household. Individuals are assumed to receive an equal share of their household's size-adjusted income. Size-adjusted income is household income by dividing income by the square root of household size. The CPS collect income for the year prior to the survey, the "income year". Income is before taxes but after public cash transfers. Negative sources of income are converted to zero. All dollar amounts are in 1998 dollars. c. In April of survey year 1984, sample weights based on the 1970 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1980 Census and the sample design was changed to increase the accuracy of state estimates. In survey year 1994, there were several changes in the CPS. It moved fully to computer-assisted survey interviews. Sample weights based on the 1980 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1990 Census. The Monthly Basic Survey was revised, and three new disability questions were added. It is possible that these changes affected the measurement of the population with a disability either through changes in the sample weights or in the way respondents answered disability questions. Appendix Table 4d. Sample Size of Non-Institutionalized Civilian Women with a Disability Aged 25 through 61 in the United States, and for Each State and the District of Columbia, Income Years 1980 through 1998 (in thousands)*a*b Location United States Income Year 1980: 3,224 1981: 2,918 1982: 2,761 1983: 2,727 1984*c: 2,829 1985: 2,679 1986: 2,626 1987: 2,530 1988: 2,410 1989: 2,705 1990: 2,754 1991: 2,762 1992: 2,781 1993*c: 2,970 1994: 3,008 1995: 2,725 1996: 2,759 1997: 2,764 1998: 2,649 Location Alabama Income Year 1980: 67 1981: 49 1982: 38 1983: 42 1984*c: 42 1985: 40 1986: 38 1987: 38 1988: 31 1989: 39 1990: 51 1991: 44 1992: 35 1993*c: 54 1994: 46 1995: 39 1996: 41 1997: 53 1998: 50 Location Alaska Income Year 1980: 33 1981: 25 1982: 29 1983: 28 1984*c: 25 1985: 26 1986: 37 1987: 24 1988: 20 1989: 29 1990: 26 1991: 35 1992: 26 1993*c: 40 1994: 27 1995: 20 1996: 24 1997: 32 1998: 29 Location Arizona Income Year 1980: 53 1981: 44 1982: 33 1983: 48 1984*c: 41 1985: 31 1986: 34 1987: 20 1988: 26 1989: 25 1990: 23 1991: 26 1992: 29 1993*c: 34 1994: 38 1995: 35 1996: 52 1997: 47 1998: 34 Location Arkansas Income Year 1980: 79 1981: 55 1982: 59 1983: 51 1984*c: 45 1985: 41 1986: 47 1987: 47 1988: 49 1989: 38 1990: 38 1991: 48 1992: 54 1993*c: 48 1994: 42 1995: 55 1996: 46 1997: 45 1998: 42 Location California Income Year 1980: 277 1981: 308 1982: 288 1983: 269 1984*c: 268 1985: 234 1986: 242 1987: 217 1988: 134 1989: 217 1990: 238 1991: 215 1992: 255 1993*c: 236 1994: 239 1995: 220 1996: 235 1997: 235 1998: 222 Location Colorado Income Year 1980: 34 1981: 43 1982: 45 1983: 34 1984*c: 41 1985: 21 1986: 32 1987: 36 1988: 30 1989: 28 1990: 27 1991: 51 1992: 32 1993*c: 28 1994: 32 1995: 42 1996: 36 1997: 41 1998: 45 Location Connecticut Income Year 1980: 31 1981: 19 1982: 25 1983: 25 1984*c: 28 1985: 28 1986: 18 1987: 22 1988: 26 1989: 14 1990: 19 1991: 19 1992: 27 1993*c: 29 1994: 14 1995: 17 1996: 19 1997: 21 1998: 31 Location Delaware Income Year 1980: 39 1981: 38 1982: 27 1983: 15 1984*c: 29 1985: 26 1986: 20 1987: 21 1988: 24 1989: 26 1990: 15 1991: 17 1992: 19 1993*c: 16 1994: 21 1995: 29 1996: 26 1997: 24 1998: 22 Location DC Income Year 1980: 38 1981: 34 1982: 37 1983: 38 1984*c: 31 1985: 28 1986: 31 1987: 35 1988: 26 1989: 30 1990: 21 1991: 25 1992: 22 1993*c: 24 1994: 30 1995: 28 1996: 34 1997: 19 1998: 24 Location Florida Income Year 1980: 99 1981: 113 1982: 121 1983: 117 1984*c: 119 1985: 119 1986: 118 1987: 120 1988: 118 1989: 110 1990: 111 1991: 129 1992: 114 1993*c: 125 1994: 146 1995: 150 1996: 135 1997: 126 1998: 114 Location Georgia Income Year 1980: 74 1981: 55 1982: 60 1983: 60 1984*c: 53 1985: 39 1986: 44 1987: 47 1988: 48 1989: 45 1990: 37 1991: 39 1992: 35 1993*c: 38 1994: 81 1995: 56 1996: 44 1997: 42 1998: 46 Location Hawaii Income Year 1980: 36 1981: 26 1982: 27 1983: 30 1984*c: 21 1985: 20 1986: 21 1987: 14 1988: 14 1989: 22 1990: 19 1991: 16 1992: 22 1993*c: 18 1994: 18 1995: 15 1996: 18 1997: 19 1998: 13 Location Idaho Income Year 1980: 38 1981: 35 1982: 29 1983: 37 1984*c: 35 1985: 41 1986: 30 1987: 30 1988: 42 1989: 35 1990: 39 1991: 37 1992: 30 1993*c: 26 1994: 32 1995: 39 1996: 36 1997: 40 1998: 32 Location Illinois Income Year 1980: 95 1981: 94 1982: 83 1983: 85 1984*c: 114 1985: 93 1986: 88 1987: 79 1988: 92 1989: 104 1990: 102 1991: 80 1992: 112 1993*c: 120 1994: 124 1995: 99 1996: 95 1997: 116 1998: 90 Location Indiana Income Year 1980: 56 1981: 56 1982: 46 1983: 52 1984*c: 53 1985: 47 1986: 44 1987: 33 1988: 25 1989: 22 1990: 25 1991: 24 1992: 34 1993*c: 32 1994: 34 1995: 34 1996: 31 1997: 42 1998: 27 Location Iowa Income Year 1980: 61 1981: 46 1982: 29 1983: 17 1984*c: 30 1985: 29 1986: 33 1987: 23 1988: 21 1989: 30 1990: 30 1991: 25 1992: 30 1993*c: 23 1994: 19 1995: 26 1996: 28 1997: 30 1998: 21 Location Kansas Income Year 1980: 48 1981: 23 1982: 23 1983: 24 1984*c: 21 1985: 27 1986: 18 1987: 23 1988: 17 1989: 33 1990: 28 1991: 21 1992: 23 1993*c: 34 1994: 26 1995: 21 1996: 25 1997: 36 1998: 29 Location Kentucky Income Year 1980: 46 1981: 46 1982: 49 1983: 27 1984*c: 29 1985: 32 1986: 43 1987: 46 1988: 37 1989: 32 1990: 58 1991: 54 1992: 41 1993*c: 40 1994: 61 1995: 56 1996: 47 1997: 54 1998: 51 Location Louisiana Income Year 1980: 40 1981: 61 1982: 43 1983: 42 1984*c: 46 1985: 43 1986: 37 1987: 39 1988: 37 1989: 35 1990: 30 1991: 35 1992: 37 1993*c: 44 1994: 31 1995: 42 1996: 37 1997: 30 1998: 42 Location Maine Income Year 1980: 43 1981: 28 1982: 33 1983: 38 1984*c: 31 1985: 37 1986: 34 1987: 41 1988: 34 1989: 28 1990: 24 1991: 27 1992: 35 1993*c: 40 1994: 44 1995: 31 1996: 31 1997: 38 1998: 35 Location Maryland Income Year 1980: 42 1981: 42 1982: 48 1983: 38 1984*c: 42 1985: 38 1986: 27 1987: 27 1988: 23 1989: 27 1990: 30 1991: 23 1992: 18 1993*c: 22 1994: 22 1995: 22 1996: 23 1997: 21 1998: 24 Location Massachusetts Income Year 1980: 57 1981: 61 1982: 39 1983: 57 1984*c: 78 1985: 93 1986: 79 1987: 94 1988: 83 1989: 115 1990: 113 1991: 102 1992: 102 1993*c: 97 1994: 121 1995: 71 1996: 64 1997: 62 1998: 59 Location Michigan Income Year 1980: 102 1981: 113 1982: 96 1983: 124 1984*c: 139 1985: 136 1986: 141 1987: 118 1988: 139 1989: 143 1990: 141 1991: 140 1992: 139 1993*c: 138 1994: 136 1995: 102 1996: 115 1997: 102 1998: 93 Location Minnesota Income Year 1980: 39 1981: 37 1982: 37 1983: 41 1984*c: 36 1985: 28 1986: 30 1987: 25 1988: 13 1989: 21 1990: 28 1991: 30 1992: 30 1993*c: 33 1994: 24 1995: 25 1996: 31 1997: 31 1998: 25 Location Mississippi Income Year 1980: 77 1981: 58 1982: 50 1983: 49 1984*c: 51 1985: 47 1986: 45 1987: 42 1988: 49 1989: 50 1990: 57 1991: 46 1992: 52 1993*c: 49 1994: 44 1995: 44 1996: 45 1997: 43 1998: 30 Location Missouri Income Year 1980: 54 1981: 43 1982: 40 1983: 45 1984*c: 52 1985: 42 1986: 37 1987: 36 1988: 30 1989: 28 1990: 38 1991: 30 1992: 39 1993*c: 33 1994: 34 1995: 28 1996: 45 1997: 31 1998: 23 Location Montana Income Year 1980: 38 1981: 27 1982: 32 1983: 43 1984*c: 33 1985: 43 1986: 31 1987: 40 1988: 39 1989: 30 1990: 38 1991: 44 1992: 34 1993*c: 39 1994: 39 1995: 33 1996: 31 1997: 30 1998: 37 Location Nebraska Income Year 1980: 46 1981: 28 1982: 22 1983: 21 1984*c: 21 1985: 20 1986: 24 1987: 20 1988: 18 1989: 24 1990: 26 1991: 23 1992: 26 1993*c: 30 1994: 19 1995: 28 1996: 27 1997: 30 1998: 33 Location Nevada Income Year 1980: 50 1981: 19 1982: 24 1983: 27 1984*c: 23 1985: 21 1986: 15 1987: 31 1988: 27 1989: 20 1990: 32 1991: 38 1992: 24 1993*c: 29 1994: 36 1995: 25 1996: 27 1997: 30 1998: 31 Location New Hampshire Income Year 1980: 26 1981: 28 1982: 27 1983: 24 1984*c: 17 1985: 15 1986: 21 1987: 16 1988: 18 1989: 20 1990: 18 1991: 18 1992: 23 1993*c: 18 1994: 13 1995: 17 1996: 32 1997: 30 1998: 30 Location New Jersey Income Year 1980: 72 1981: 87 1982: 76 1983: 52 1984*c: 73 1985: 98 1986: 100 1987: 83 1988: 66 1989: 78 1990: 71 1991: 86 1992: 89 1993*c: 98 1994: 104 1995: 66 1996: 77 1997: 72 1998: 61 Location New Mexico Income Year 1980: 57 1981: 57 1982: 41 1983: 37 1984*c: 35 1985: 34 1986: 48 1987: 30 1988: 37 1989: 45 1990: 44 1991: 42 1992: 42 1993*c: 53 1994: 45 1995: 56 1996: 54 1997: 41 1998: 50 Location New York Income Year 1980: 187 1981: 200 1982: 171 1983: 180 1984*c: 220 1985: 180 1986: 181 1987: 157 1988: 115 1989: 203 1990: 220 1991: 194 1992: 205 1993*c: 219 1994: 228 1995: 204 1996: 196 1997: 205 1998: 220 Location North Carolina Income Year 1980: 62 1981: 63 1982: 66 1983: 47 1984*c: 90 1985: 100 1986: 93 1987: 100 1988: 115 1989: 128 1990: 104 1991: 103 1992: 124 1993*c: 141 1994: 136 1995: 69 1996: 67 1997: 70 1998: 70 Location North Dakota Income Year 1980: 39 1981: 27 1982: 13 1983: 27 1984*c: 32 1985: 26 1986: 18 1987: 25 1988: 29 1989: 30 1990: 30 1991: 27 1992: 20 1993*c: 21 1994: 20 1995: 15 1996: 21 1997: 22 1998: 29 Location Ohio Income Year 1980: 125 1981: 117 1982: 106 1983: 123 1984*c: 121 1985: 116 1986: 99 1987: 93 1988: 100 1989: 114 1990: 120 1991: 123 1992: 114 1993*c: 142 1994: 131 1995: 102 1996: 95 1997: 101 1998: 120 Location Oklahoma Income Year 1980: 46 1981: 43 1982: 40 1983: 38 1984*c: 39 1985: 42 1986: 25 1987: 22 1988: 34 1989: 32 1990: 33 1991: 35 1992: 27 1993*c: 44 1994: 41 1995: 41 1996: 41 1997: 55 1998: 50 Location Oregon Income Year 1980: 63 1981: 49 1982: 40 1983: 53 1984*c: 41 1985: 21 1986: 20 1987: 26 1988: 36 1989: 31 1990: 36 1991: 43 1992: 40 1993*c: 26 1994: 33 1995: 43 1996: 42 1997: 42 1998: 35 Location Pennsylvania Income Year 1980: 146 1981: 130 1982: 97 1983: 119 1984*c: 119 1985: 110 1986: 106 1987: 117 1988: 110 1989: 114 1990: 122 1991: 131 1992: 119 1993*c: 134 1994: 152 1995: 127 1996: 125 1997: 105 1998: 125 Location Rhode Island Income Year 1980: 50 1981: 35 1982: 33 1983: 38 1984*c: 35 1985: 32 1986: 24 1987: 27 1988: 27 1989: 18 1990: 20 1991: 22 1992: 24 1993*c: 28 1994: 15 1995: 39 1996: 31 1997: 28 1998: 23 Location South Carolina Income Year 1980: 37 1981: 39 1982: 29 1983: 28 1984*c: 34 1985: 39 1986: 44 1987: 40 1988: 40 1989: 45 1990: 42 1991: 49 1992: 44 1993*c: 41 1994: 34 1995: 31 1996: 37 1997: 40 1998: 39 Location South Dakota Income Year 1980: 28 1981: 21 1982: 40 1983: 24 1984*c: 21 1985: 39 1986: 27 1987: 33 1988: 28 1989: 33 1990: 37 1991: 28 1992: 41 1993*c: 43 1994: 37 1995: 31 1996: 29 1997: 30 1998: 28 Location Tennessee Income Year 1980: 41 1981: 43 1982: 67 1983: 56 1984*c: 47 1985: 56 1986: 55 1987: 42 1988: 52 1989: 46 1990: 36 1991: 48 1992: 66 1993*c: 69 1994: 41 1995: 44 1996: 68 1997: 54 1998: 43 Location Texas Income Year 1980: 137 1981: 116 1982: 122 1983: 127 1984*c: 120 1985: 116 1986: 134 1987: 135 1988: 140 1989: 133 1990: 138 1991: 144 1992: 126 1993*c: 150 1994: 127 1995: 141 1996: 136 1997: 147 1998: 134 Location Utah Income Year 1980: 40 1981: 25 1982: 39 1983: 33 1984*c: 26 1985: 22 1986: 19 1987: 17 1988: 21 1989: 32 1990: 17 1991: 23 1992: 16 1993*c: 25 1994: 26 1995: 31 1996: 22 1997: 28 1998: 25 Location Vermont Income Year 1980: 36 1981: 22 1982: 35 1983: 25 1984*c: 22 1985: 22 1986: 28 1987: 19 1988: 22 1989: 20 1990: 23 1991: 33 1992: 30 1993*c: 32 1994: 26 1995: 19 1996: 24 1997: 30 1998: 28 Location Virginia Income Year 1980: 49 1981: 47 1982: 54 1983: 34 1984*c: 32 1985: 32 1986: 32 1987: 33 1988: 32 1989: 43 1990: 44 1991: 45 1992: 32 1993*c: 21 1994: 56 1995: 41 1996: 49 1997: 44 1998: 41 Location Washington Income Year 1980: 74 1981: 42 1982: 46 1983: 36 1984*c: 38 1985: 34 1986: 35 1987: 32 1988: 19 1989: 32 1990: 46 1991: 33 1992: 17 1993*c: 31 1994: 49 1995: 38 1996: 37 1997: 31 1998: 42 Location West Virginia Income Year 1980: 58 1981: 42 1982: 51 1983: 41 1984*c: 42 1985: 25 1986: 28 1987: 43 1988: 46 1989: 46 1990: 40 1991: 40 1992: 48 1993*c: 59 1994: 53 1995: 62 1996: 66 1997: 50 1998: 45 Location Wisconsin Income Year 1980: 28 1981: 39 1982: 30 1983: 41 1984*c: 27 1985: 24 1986: 26 1987: 24 1988: 28 1989: 40 1990: 32 1991: 29 1992: 37 1993*c: 36 1994: 35 1995: 38 1996: 35 1997: 36 1998: 25 Location Wyoming Income Year 1980: 31 1981: 20 1982: 26 1983: 20 1984*c: 21 1985: 26 1986: 25 1987: 28 1988: 23 1989: 22 1990: 17 1991: 23 1992: 21 1993*c: 20 1994: 26 1995: 38 1996: 27 1997: 33 1998: 32 Source: Author's calculations using the March Current Population Survey, 1981 through 1999. a. Persons with a disability are defined as those who report having (or are reported by the household's respondent as having), at the time of the survey, "a health problem or disability which prevents them from working or which limits the kind or amount of work they can do." b. The unit of the analysis is the individual not the household. Individuals are assumed to receive an equal share of their household's size-adjusted income. Size-adjusted income is household income by dividing income by the square root of household size. The CPS collect income for the year prior to the survey, the "income year". Income is before taxes but after public cash transfers. Negative sources of income are converted to zero. All dollar amounts are in 1998 dollars. c. In April of survey year 1984, sample weights based on the 1970 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1980 Census and the sample design was changed to increase the accuracy of state estimates. In survey year 1994, there were several changes in the CPS. It moved fully to computer-assisted survey interviews. Sample weights based on the 1980 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1990 Census. The Monthly Basic Survey was revised, and three new disability questions were added. It is possible that these changes affected the measurement of the population with a disability either through changes in the sample weights or in the way respondents answered disability questions. Appendix Table 5. Estimated Correlation Coefficient of Household Size-Adjusted Income from Year to Year in the United States, Income Years 1980 through 1998*a,*b Pair of Consecutive Income Years: 1980 to 1981 Men Without Disabilities: 0.705 With Disabilities: 0.635 Women Without Disabilities: 0.725 With Disabilities: 0.645 Pair of Consecutive Income Years: 1981 to 1982 Men Without Disabilities: 0.709 With Disabilities: 0.690 Women Without Disabilities: 0.713 With Disabilities: 0.688 Pair of Consecutive Income Years: 1982 to 1983 Men Without Disabilities: 0.718 With Disabilities: 0.647 Women Without Disabilities: 0.737 With Disabilities: 0.683 Pair of Consecutive Income Years: 1983 to 1984*c Men Without Disabilities: 0.736 With Disabilities: 0.620 Women Without Disabilities: 0.761 With Disabilities: 0.651 Pair of Consecutive Income Years: 1984 to 1985*d Men Without Disabilities: 0.736 With Disabilities: 0.653 Women Without Disabilities: 0.761 With Disabilities: 0.689 Pair of Consecutive Income Years: 1985 to 1986 Men Without Disabilities: 0.736 With Disabilities: 0.653 Women Without Disabilities: 0.740 With Disabilities: 0.689 Pair of Consecutive Income Years: 1986 to 1987 Men Without Disabilities: 0.726 With Disabilities: 0.617 Women Without Disabilities: 0.751 With Disabilities: 0.760 Pair of Consecutive Income Years: 1987 to 1988 Men Without Disabilities: 0.699 With Disabilities: 0.631 Women Without Disabilities: 0.713 With Disabilities: 0.676 Pair of Consecutive Income Years: 1988 to 1989 Men Without Disabilities: 0.728 With Disabilities: 0.588 Women Without Disabilities: 0.732 With Disabilities: 0.699 Pair of Consecutive Income Years: 1989 to 1990 Men Without Disabilities: 0.708 With Disabilities: 0.712 Women Without Disabilities: 0.724 With Disabilities: 0.679 Pair of Consecutive Income Years: 1990 to 1991 Men Without Disabilities: 0.710 With Disabilities: 0.648 Women Without Disabilities: 0.728 With Disabilities: 0.691 Pair of Consecutive Income Years: 1991 to 1992 Men Without Disabilities: 0.748 With Disabilities: 0.718 Women Without Disabilities: 0.749 With Disabilities: 0.733 Pair of Consecutive Income Years: 1992 to 1993*c Men Without Disabilities: 0.704 With Disabilities: 0.668 Women Without Disabilities: 0.730 With Disabilities: 0.720 Pair of Consecutive Income Years: 1993 to 1994*c Men Without Disabilities: 0.700 With Disabilities: 0.608 Women Without Disabilities: 0.724 With Disabilities: 0.631 Pair of Consecutive Income Years: 1994 to 1995*d Men Without Disabilities: 0.700 With Disabilities: 0.627 Women Without Disabilities: 0.724 With Disabilities: 0.631 Pair of Consecutive Income Years: 1995 to 1996 Men Without Disabilities: 0.534 With Disabilities: 0.627 Women Without Disabilities: 0.580 With Disabilities: 0.628 Pair of Consecutive Income Years: 1996 to 1997 Men Without Disabilities: 0.547 With Disabilities: 0.535 Women Without Disabilities: 0.566 With Disabilities: 0.557 Pair of Consecutive Income Years: 1997 to 1998 Men Without Disabilities: 0.587 With Disabilities: 0.525 Women Without Disabilities: 0.602 With Disabilities: 0.630 Source: Author's calculations using the March Current Population Survey, 1981 through 1999. a. In the March CPS of any given year, approximately half of the households were surveyed the prior March, while the remaining households are eligible to be surveyed the following March. These estimated correlation coefficients measure the degree to which people's disability status in one year are related to their disability status in the next year. b. The unit of the analysis is the individual not the household. Individuals are assumed to receive an equal share of their household's size-adjusted income. Size-adjusted income is household income by dividing income by the square root of household size. The CPS collect income for the year prior to the survey, the "income year". Income is before taxes but after public cash transfers. Negative sources of income are converted to zero. All dollar amounts are in 1998 dollars. c. In April of survey year 1984, sample weights based on the 1970 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1980 Census and the sample design was changed to increase the accuracy of state estimates. In survey year 1994, there were several changes in the CPS. It moved fully to computer-assisted survey interviews. Sample weights based on the 1980 Census were replaced with sample weights based on the 1990 Census. The Monthly Basic Survey was revised, and three new disability questions were added. It is possible that these changes affected the measurement of the population with a disability either through changes in the sample weights or in the way respondents answered disability questions. d. It is not possible to identify individuals that are in both the March 1985 and March 1986 surveys, therefore estimated correlation coefficients for income years 1984 to 1985 are not available. A conservative proxy is provided - the larger of the values from income years 1983 to 1984 and 1985 to 1986. This problem occurs for income years 1994 to 1995, as well.