V THK CORNELL L'MVERSrn REGISTER 1890-91 T THE R K G I S T H I 1890-91 " I w o u l d found an institution w h e r e a n y p e r s o n can find instruction in any s t u d y " KZRA CORNELL. I T H A C A , X. V PUBLISHED BY TIIE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF A N D R U S & CHURCH TABLE OF CONTENTS. CALENDAR ORGANIZATION AND G O V E R N M E N T O F F I C E R S OF T H E U N I V E R S I T Y M A T E R I A L E Q U I P M E N T OF T H E U N I V E R S I T Y : LOCATION BUILDINGS MUSEUMS LABORATORIES T H E UNIVERSITY LIBRARY T H E UNIVERSITY F A R M T H E UNIVERSITY GARDENS ATHLETICS ' 34 34 39 46 52 55 55 56 5 8 19 O R G A N I Z A T I O N OF D E P A R T M E N T S , AND M E T H O D S OF INSTRUCTION COURSES OF INSTRUCTION COURSES OF S T U D Y HISTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE: 57 90 121 T H E PRESIDENT WHITE SCHOOL OF 138 SCHOLARSHIPS, FELLOWSHIPS AND PRIZES 141 148 158 165 174 ADMISSION A N D CLASSIFICATION OF S T U D E N T S RESIDENCE AND GRADUATION T H E SCHOOL O F L A W T H E S A G E SCHOOL O F PHILOSOPHY FELLOWSHIPS A N D S C H O L A R S H I P S : HOLDERS OF 176 CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT T H E ASSOCIATE ALUMNI INDEX 181 219 230 235 1890-91* NOVEMBER. S M T,W T F S 3 4 9 to 11 16 17118 ,23 24,25 30 i • I7 14 21 28 i 2 3 4 8 91011 15 16 17 IS 22 23 24 25 293031 5 t2 19 26 6 7 13 14 2d 21 27 28 1 8 15 22 29 1 8 9 I MARCH. S M!T W ! 1 2; 3 | 8 9 10 15 16 17 22 23 24 2930 3I 4 11,12 13 18 19 20 25 26 27 1891. JULY. M T W I 7 3 14: 8 9 10 21 112 13 14 15 16 17 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 27 28 29 30 3i AUGUST. 4 11 18 25 DECEMBER. APRIL. I 2: 3 5 6 / O 9 10 11 1213 5 19*20 12'13'M 15; 16 17118 26 27 ,19*20 21 22 23 24 25 ! 26 27 28 29 30 : MAY. 2 3 4 5i 6 9 10 11 I2ji3ji4 15 16 17 18 1 9 2 0 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 2Q 3031: • SEPTEMBER. 4 I I 12 18 IQ 25 26 JAN'Y—1891. . • • - 1 1 2 3 ; 4 5 6 7 8 910 II 12 13 14 15 16 17 IS 19 20 21 22 23 24 25262728293031 I' I' j I ii 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 15'16 13 14 15 I6|I7 17 18 19 20 21 22[23' 20 2 1 2 2 23 24 242526272829 30 27 28 29 30! . 31 • ! ! 'i JUNE FEBRUARY. I 8 15 22 2 9 16 23 3| 4 10 11 1718 24 25 5 6 12 13 19 20 26 27 1 7 14 7 8 21 14 15 28 21 22 28 29 OCTOBER. 2 3 ! 4! 5 9 10 11 12 1617,1819 23 24 25 26 30 6 4 20 11 27 18 25 13 5 6 7 12 13 14 19 20 21 26 27 28 1 8 15 22 29 •2 9 16 1 23 24 30 3 THE UNIVERSITY CALENDAR % I89O-9I. F A L L TERM—1890. Sept. Sept. 24 29 Wednesday Monday Entrance Examinations begin. R E G I S T R A T I O N of new Students in the School of Law. Sept. 30 Tuesday ( | REGISTRATION of matriculated Students. Mathematical Scholarship Examinations begin. Oct Oct. Oct Nov. Dec. 1 2 3 Wednesday Thursday Friday ( { Matriculation of new Students (except Studeuts in the School of Law). Instruction begins. Classical Scholarship Examinations begin. Thanksgiving Recess, from the evening of Wednesday, Nov. 26, to the morning of Tuesday, Dec. 2. Latest date for announcing Subjects of Theses for advanced degrees. 27 J | T h u . - Mon. Dec. Dec. Dec. 2 16 23 Tuesday Tuesday Tuesday Term Examinations begin. Term ends. WINTER TERM—1891. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. 2-3 5 9 11 Fri.-Sat Monday Friday Sunday Friday Friday R E G I S T R A T I O N for the Term. { Instruction begins. Latest date for announcing Subjects of Theses for baccalaureate degrees. FOUNDER'S DAY. March 20 March 27 Term Examinations begin. Term ends. 6 THE CALENDAR. SPRING TERM—1891. April 6-7 April April May 8 Mon.-Tues. Wednesday Monday Friday REGISTRATION for the Term. Instruction begins. Latest date for presenting Woodford Orations. [ Latest date for presenting Theses for ad[ vanced degrees. 13 1 May 11 Monday [ Latest date for presenting Commencement [ Theses. Mav • »5 22 Friday Fridav • [ Latest date for receiving applications for Fel[ lowsliips. Eighty-Six Memorial Prize Competition. Decoration Day. Latest date for receiving applications for Teachers Certificates, for Special Mention, for degrees in History and Political Science and in Natural History, and for Medical Preparatory Certificates. Mav m Mav m Saturday June 1 Monday 1 June June June June June June 5 12 Friday Friday Sunday Tuesday 1 Term Examinations begin. Term Examinations end. Entrance Examinations begin. Baccalaureate Sermon. Class Day. 14 16 17 18 Alumni Day. Wednesday j Annual Meeting of the Trustees. Woodford Prize Competition. Thursday Twenty-third Annual Commencement SUMMER COURSE. June Sept 24 2 f Summer course in Entomology and InverteWednesday « ^ brate Zoology begins. Wednesday Summer course ends. THE CALENDAR. 7 F A L L TERM—1891. Sept. Sept 23 28 Wednesday Monday Entrance Examinations begin. REGISTRATION { { of new Students in the School of Law, and of matriculated Students. Sept. 29 Tuesday Last day of R E G I S T R A T I O N of matriculated Students. University Scholarship E x a m inations begin. MATRICULATION Sept Oct Nov. Nov. 30 1 Wednesday Thursday of new Students, (except Students in the School of Law). Instruction begins. Thanksgiving Recess, from the evening of Wednesday, Nov. 25, to the morning of Tuesday, Dec. I. f Latest date for announcing subjects of Theses | for advanced degrees. Term Examinations begin. Term ends. 261 Thu.-Mon 30/ Dec. Dec. Dec. 1 16 23 Tuesday Wednesday Wednesday DIRECTORY. The office of the President is No. 2 Morrill Hall. The office of the Dean of the Faculty is No. 2 Morrill Hall. The office of the Registrar is No. 9 Morrill Hall. The office of the Treasurer is No. 1 Morrill Hall. The office of the Director of Sibley College is on the second floor of Sibley College, east entrance. The office of the Director of the College of Civil Engineering is in Lincoln Hall, first floor, south entrance. The office of the Director of the College of Agriculture is No. 20 Morrill Hall. The offices of the Military Commandant and of the Professor of Physical Culture are in the Armory. T h e office of the Secretary of the School of Law is 24 Morrill Hall. ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNMENT. T H E UNIVERSITY AND T H E STATE. The existence of Cornell University is due to the bounty of the Uuitcd States and Ezra Cornell. On the second day of July, 1862, Congress passed an act granting public lands to the several States which should "provide at least one college where the leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific and classical studies, and including military tactics, to teach such brauches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts." Thirty thousand acres for each of its senators and representatives in Congress were appropriated to every State; and the share of the State of New York was nine hundred and ninety thousand acres. On the twenty-seventh of April, 1865, the Legislature of New York incorporated " T h e Cornell University," appropriating to it the income arising from the sale of this land script. The most important conditions were, that Ezra Cornell should give to the University five hundred thousand dollars, that the University should give instruction in branches relating to agriculture, mechanic arts, and military tactics; and that it should receive, without charge for tuition, one student annually from each assembly district Mr. Cornell fulfilled the first requirements of the charter, and made an additional gift of more than two hundred acres of land, with buildings to be used for the general purposes of the University and for the department of agriculture. The Act of Incorporation satisfies the condition of the congressional grant by providing for instruction in such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts, and in military tactics, " in order to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions of life." And it further declares that " s u c h other branches of science and knowledge may be embraced in the plan of iustruction and investigation pertaining to the University, as the trustees may deem useful and proper." By Act of the Legislature, passed April 10, 1866, the State authorized the Comptroller to sell the scrip remaining unsold to the Trustees of Cornell University at a price of not less than thirty cents per acre ; 11 ORGA NIZA TION AND GO V E R N M E N T . and in case the Trustees should not agree to make the purchase, the Legislature further authorized the sale 44 to any person or persons " on the terms above named, provided that proper security should be given that 1 4 the whole net avails and profits from the sale of scrip " should be paid over and devoted to the purposes of Cornell University. The Trustees were not in condition to make the purchase. After some delay Mr. Cornell offered to take the scrip on certain conditions, the most important of which was embodied in a letter to the Comptroller containing the following words : shall most cheerfully accept your views so far as to consent to place the entire profits to be derived from the sale of the lands to be located with the college land scrip in the treasury of the State, if the State will receive the money as a separate fund from that which may be derived from the sale of the scrip, and will keep it permanently invested, and appropriate the proceeds from the income thereof annually to the Cornell University, subject to the direction of the trustees thereof for the general purposes of said institution, and not to hold it subject to the restrictions which the Act of Congress places upon the funds derived from the sale of college land scrip, or as a donation from the Government of the United States, but as a donation from Ezra Cornell to the Cornell University." The terms proposed by Mr. Cornell were accepted, and the profits on the land located under this agreement constitute the larger part of the endowment from which the income of the University is derived. The University, organized in accordance with the requirements of its charter, was opened on the seventh of October, 1S68. TRUSTEES. The number of trustees, when the Board is full, is twenty-three. The eldest male lineal descendant of the Founder is, by the law of the State, a trustee. The President of the University, the Governor of the State of New York, the Lieutenant-Governor, the Speaker of the Assembly, the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the President of the State Agricultural Society, aud the Librarian of the Cornell Library, are ex officio members of the Board. Of the remaining fifteen, two are elected annually by the trustees and one by the alumni. The term of every trustee not ex officio is five years. FACULTY. The Faculty consists of professors, acting professors, associate professors, and assistant professors, and is aided by non-resident professors 441 IO ORGA NIZA TION AND GO VERNMENT. and lecturers, and by instructors, assistants, and examiners. Jt comprises the following special faculties : Arts ; Literature ; Philosophy ; Science; Agriculture ; Architecture; Chemistry and Physics; Civil Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanical Engineering and the Mechanic Arts; Natural History ; History and Political Science ; Law. The several special faculties constitute standing committees to which are referred questions relating to the departments under their control, but their action, except in the case of the Faculty of Law, is subject to the approval of the general faculty. S T A T E STUDENTS. The ninth paragraph of the original Act of Incorporation provides for the admission of one student annually from each assembly district without payment of tuition. The number thus received, when all the scholarships are filled, is five hundred and twelve. These State students are selected, by yearly competitive examinations held on the first Saturday in June, fiom pupils of the various academies and public schools of the State. It is the duty of the school commissioners of counties and of the boards of education of cities to hold and conduct such examinations, and on the basis of these examinations the scholarships are awarded by the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, in whom the administration of the law is exclusively vested. As the law requires the selection of " t h e best scholar," no distinction of sex is recognized in the competition. OPTIONAL AND SPECIAL STUDENTS. It is one of the leading objects in founding the University to provide for the wants of those who, though earnest and industrious students, cannot complete a full four-year course. The class distinctions which are in most cases strictly observed elsewhere, are not regarded by the Faculty of the University as any obstacle to recitation and attendance upon lectures with any class which the student is prepared to join. Students not candidates for a degree may therefore pursue an optional course provided their proficiency is equivalent to that required of students admitted to one of the general courses. Special students of approved character, maturity, and attainments, are admitted for a limited period without examination, on recommendation of some member of the Faculty under whom a large part of the work is to be taken. 11 ORGA NIZA TION AND GO VERNMENT. GRADUATE STUDENTS. For purposes of advanced study the University extends its privileges to its own graduates and to graduates of like standing from other colleges and universities, and it confers advanced degrees under conditions described elsewhere. Graduate students who are not candidates for a degree are also received. SCHOLARSHIPS AND FELLOWSHIPS. The Scholarships and Fellowships of Cornell University were founded, iu the prosperity of the University, in grateful remembrance of financial aid, given at a time of need by its Trustees, the Hon. Ezra Cornell, John McGraw, Esq., the Hon. Henry W. Sage, the Hon. Hiram Sibley, and President Andrew D. White. In accordance with their wishes as then expressed, a sum of money (amounting to one hundred and fifty-five thousand dollars) was permanently set aside to provide encouragement and assistance for students of high character and ability of either sex, in the prosecution of collegiate work, and of advanced study and research after graduation. In the year 1890-91 provision was also made for four additional fellowships and nine additional scholarships. Details concerning these fellowships and scholarships, and the manner iu which they are awarded, will be found in their appropriate places, by referring to the index. PECUNIARY ASSISTANCE TO STUDENTS. The most effective method of rendering assistance to that large class of gifted and ambitious young persons who lack the means for securing an education, without compromising their self-respect and independence, or injuring their health by over-exertion, has been for years one of the perplexing problems before educators everywhere. Letters come almost daily to the office of the University from young men and women who are willing to make any possible sacrifice, if only the way can be opened by which they can secure the education they so much crave. As a general thing the answers that can be given to such letters are not very encouraging. In offering annually free tuition to more than five hundred holders of State Scholarships, Cornell University is able to help a great many, and, by means of her thirty-six University scholarships she renders additional aid to many more. Experience has shown that with very few exceptions these scholarships are taken by students who actually are in need of the pecuniary assistance they afford. T h e good that is thus accomplished \ 12 ORGA NIZA TION AND GO VERNMENT. cannot be estimated. In behalf of those young men and women whom a little assistance will enable to take positions of commanding influence in society, the University would call the attention of philanthropic people to the good which their means can in this way be made to accomplish. The Trustees hold themselves in readiness at all times to receive and carefully administer any endowment that may be offered for this purpose. S E L F - S U P P O R T BY STUDENTS. So numerous arc the inquiries addressed to the University by applicants for admission who have received the impression that this institution undertakes to furnish to students without means .employment bv which they ran support themselves wholly or in part, that it is but right to say that Cornell University cannot undertake to furnish employment to any student. Nor can any student be encouraged to come here who i* entirely without resources. It is true that many students have aided themselves by their labor while pursuing their studies and a considerable number are always doing so ; but the opportunities for such employment are not offered by the University, and every student must relv upon his own ability, industry, and perseverance. Skilled lal>or often secures fair remuneration ; but for unskilled labor, such as most students have to offer, the price here is the same as elsewhere. HIGHER EDUCATION OF WOMEN. By an act of the trustees, passed in April, 1872, women are admitted to the University 011 the same terms as men, except that they must be at least seventeen years old. A separate building, the Sage College, has been erected and furnished for their residence. The entrance examinations, and all the studies, except military science, are the same for women as for men. In view of the superior advantages afforded by the Sage College, it is expected that all women students of the University, so far as the capacity of Sage College permits, will live in that building. In order to give Sage College more of the safeguards of a wellordered home, and to bring its inmates directly under au influence akin to that of the family, the trustees, in the year 1884-85, established a Principalship, the intention being to have a woman of high character, attainments, and social position living at the college, associating with its students, ready to give suggestions as to their general culture, and counsel in special matters at any moment, and to act toward them at all times as a friend and adviser. 15 ORGA NIZA TION AND GO VERNMENT. Special provision has also been made for physical training in the Sage College Gymnasium. The professor, Edward Hitchcock, Jr., M. D., and his assistant in this department, have organized a system of exercises calculated to maintain and develop the physical strength of young women, and at the same time prevent any of the evils which might arise from exercises that are too violent or too long continued. The exercises thus provided for are obligatory upon all members of the freshman and sophomore classes in the college, subject to exceptions in particular cases by the Principal and by the Professor of Physical Culture. Letters of inquiry iu regard to rooms and board at Sage College should be addressed to Mr. E. P. Gilbert, Business Manager of Sage College, Ithaca, N. Y. PHYSICAL TRAINING. For the physical training and development of male students there has been provided a Gymnasium, thoroughly equipped with baths, dressing-rooms, and all the apparatus usually found in a well-furnished gymnasium. This is under the charge of an experienced physician, the Professor of Physical Culture and Director of the Gymnasium, who examines every male student at his entrance and at stated intervals thereafter, learns the condition of his health, takes his physical measurements, and prescribes such exercises as may be required for his complete and symmetrical bodily development. The gymnasium is also open to all the members of the University for voluntary exercise; but the Professor of Physical Culture or the Instructor in Gvmnastics is in constant attendance, and no student is m * suffered to indulge in hazardous or excessive athletic efforts, or to attempt any feat which in his individual case might be attended with risk. The supplementary gymnasium at the Sage College for the women students is described above. In the physical training of the students the practical instruction in military science is found to be a valuable aid. An athletic ground, to be called Percy Field after the son of one of the donors, has recently been provided and equipped for out-of-door sports by the joint gifts of Mr. J. J. Hagerman and Mr. W. H . Sage. The field has an area of nearly ten acres, including a quarter-mile cinder track and a grand stand seating about twelve hundred persons, and is arranged for football, baseball, tennis, and general athletics. 14 ORG A NIZA TION AND GO VERNMENT. MILITARY SCIENCE. Pursuant to the act of Congress creating the land grant on which the Cornell University is founded, and the act of the Legislature of the State of New York assigning that land grant, instruction is provided in Tactics and Military Science. Drill and Military Science are part of the studies and exercises in all courses of study and in the requirements of all male students in the University during the fall and spring terms of the freshman and sophomore years and the winter term of the senior year. Aliens, laboring students, special students, and those physically unfitted therefor are excused from drill. Students in the Department of Law are exempted from this requirement, but are at entire liberty to take the exercises in Military Science if they desire to do so. Students are required to provide themselves with the University uniform, unless excused on account of inability to procure it, ami they are held accountable for loss or injury to the arms and other public properly issued to them. RELIGIOUS SERVICES. The University, established by a government which recognizes no distinction of religious belief, seeks neither to promote any creed nor to exclude any. By the terms of its charter, persons of any religious denomination or of no religious denomination are equally eligible to all offices and appointments; but it is expressly ordered that " a t no time shall a majority of the Board of Trustees be of any one religious sect, or of no religious sect." This is understood to imply that, while the University cannot be identified with, or under the control of, any one religious denomination, it must, nevertheless, always be religious in spirit. In the University Chapel—the gift of the Hon. Henry W. Sage—religious services are held, and discourses, provided for by the Dean Sage Preachership Endowment, are delivered by eminent clergymen selected from the various Christian denominations. CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. The Christian Association is a voluntary organization of about five hundred students and professors for the promotion of their religious culture, and for Christian work in the University. It has a permanent Secretary, a carefully selected library, and a well equipped reading-room of religious and secular journals. A committee of this Association is in attendance at Barnes Hall 15 ORG A NIZA TION AND GO VERNMENT. during the first week of every fall term for the purpose of assisting' those entering the University with information iu regard to rooms, board, times and places of examinations, etc., and in general to afford any assistance in their power which students who are strangers in Ithaca may feel inclined to seek from them. A handsome and commodious building, the gift of the late Alfred S. Barnes, Esq., a former trustee of the University, has been erected for the Association, and came into use in the summer of 1889. GENERAL STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS. • The S t Andrew's Brotherhood, the Presbyterian Union, the Methodist Alliance, the Catholic Union, the Baptist Circle, the several Engineering Associations, the Architectural Association, the History and Political Science Association, the Classical Association, the Natural History Society, the Camera Club, the Agricultural Association, the Chemical Association, the Medical Society, the Mock Congress, the Prohibition Club, the Fortnightly Club, and the Ethical Culture Society, are organizations of professors and students for mutual assistance and improvement itx the several lines iudicated by the names of the associations. These all hold regular meetings, and are guided and directed in their work by members of the Faculty, whenever such assistance is practicable and desirable. BOARD OF TRUSTEES. T h e H o n . ALONZO B. C O R N E L L , New York City. The P R E S I D E N T of the University His Excellency -the G O V E R N O R of New York, . . . His Honor the L I E U T E N A N T - G O V E R N O R T h e S P E A K E R of the Assembly T h e S U P E R I N T E N D E N T of Public Instruction, The L I B R A R I A N of the Cornell Library, A N D R E W C A R N E G I E , Esq., Ex officio. »» << << . . . <. n n 1 Term of office expires in 1891. T h e P R E S I D E N T of the State Agricultural Society, . Pittsburgh, Pa. G E O R G E R. W I L L I A M S , L L B., . . . . M Y N D E R S E V A N C L E E F , B.S., . . Ithaca. . . Ithaca. T h e Hon. DOUGLAS BOARDMAN, A.M., Ithaca. The Hon. H E N R Y W. S A G E , D A V I D S. J O R D A N , L L . D . , Ithaca. Bloomington, Ind. Term of office expires in 1892. W I L L I A M H. S A G E , A . B . , D A N I E L E. S A L M O N , D . V . M Ithaca. Washington, D. C. Brooklyn. Term of office expires in 1893- Gen. A L F R E D C . B A R N E S , T h e H o n - S T E W A R T L . WOODFORD, L L . D . , New York. H I R A M W. S I B L E Y , Esq F R A N K H. HISCOCK, A . B . , Term of office expires in 1894. Rochester. Syracuse. Ithaca, T h e Hon. H E N R Y B. L O R D T h e Hon. A N D R E W D. W H I T E , L L . D . , L . H . D . , Ithaca. W A L T E R C R A I G K E R R , B . M . E . , . . . New York. Term of office expires in 1895. BOARD OF TRUSTEES. 17 OFFICERS H E N R Y W . SAGE, WILLIAM R. . . . . . OF THE BOARD. HUMPHREY, EMMONS L . W I L L I A M S , Chairman Secretary Treasurer COMMITTEE. . . EXECUTIVE IIENRY W . SACK, . EMMONS L. WILLIAMS, . . Chairman. . Secretary. H E N R Y B. LORD, ANDREW D. WHITE, MYNDERSE VAN CLEEF, WII.LIAM H. SAGE. The P R E S I D E N T of the University, The L I B R A R I A N of the Cornell Library, GEORGE R. WILLIAMS, DOUGLAS BOAR DM AN, STANDING COMMITTEES. Committee on Ruildings and Grounds : Trustees H. W . S A C K , ADAMS, W I L L I A M S . Finance Committee : Trustees BOARDMAN, LORD, II. W . S A G E , W I L L I A M S . Land Committee : Trustees H . W . S A C K , B O A R D M A N , and the Treasurer. Committee on Appropriations : Trustees ADAMS, II. W . S A C K , BOARDMAN. Committee on Sage College : Trustees II. W . SAGK, ADAMS, and the Treasurer. Audiling Com m ittie : Trustees LORD, W I L L I A M S . Committee on Departments of Applied Science: Trustees W I L L I A M S , L O R D , H. W . S A G E . Committee on Departments of Natural History: Trustees V A N C L E E F , B O A R D M A N , T Y L E R . Committee on Ancient and Modern Languages : Trustees T Y L E R , L O R D , V A N C L E E F . Committee on Departments of History, Philosophy, and Pedagogy : Trustees W H I T E , A D A M S , L O R D . Committee on Physical Culture and Military Tactics : 2 Trustees W . H. S A G E , V A N C L E E F , W I L L I A M S . « vV 18 BOARD OF TRUSTEES. THE UNIVERSITY COUNCILS. LIBRARY COUNCIL. The P R E S I D E N T of the University and the L I B R A R I A N , ex officits; the Hon. A N D R E W D . W H I T E , of the Trustees, and Professors H. S. WILLIAMS, NEWBURY, HART, and SCHURMAN, of the Faculty. A G R I C U L T U R A L E X P E R I M E N T S T A T I O N COUNCIL. The P R E S I D E N T of the University, the P R E S I D E N T of the State Agricultural Society, and the Director of the Experiment Station, ex officii* ; the Hon. DUDLEY, ANDREW D. WHITE, of the Trustees, and ProLAW, BAILEY, fessors C A L D W E L L , P R E N T I S S , COMSTOCK, and of the College of Agriculture. OFFICERS OF INSTRUCTION AND ADMINISTRATION. FACULTY. [ A R R A N G E D IN ('.ROUPS IN THE ORDKR OF S E N I O R I T Y OF APPOINTMENT.] C H A R L E S K E N D A L L A D A M S , LL.D., P R E S I D E N T , 41 East Avenue THE REV. W I L L I A M D E X T E R W I L S O N , D.D., LL.D., L.II.D., Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy, Emeritus, Syracuse G E O R G E C H A P M A N C A L D W E L L , B.S., Ph.D., Professor of Agricultural and Analytical Chemistry, 11 Central Avenue B U R T G R E E N W I L D E R , B.S., M.D., Professor of Physiology, Comparative Anatomy, and Zoology, 60 Cascadilla Place J A M E S L A W , F.R.C.V.S., Professor of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, 33 East Avenue A L B E R T N E L S O N P R E N T I S S , M.S., Professor of Botany, Horticulture, and Arboriculture, 3 Central Avenue J O H N L E W I S M O R R I S , A.M., C.E., Sibley Professor of Practical Mechanics and Machine Construction, 5 Central Avenue T H O M A S F R E D E R I C K C R A N E , A.M., Professor of the Romance Languages and Literatures, 9 Central Avenue Cascadilla Cottage H I R A M C O R S O N , A.M., LL.D., Professor of English Literature, W A T E R M A N T H O M A S H E W E T T , A.B., Ph.D., Professor of German Language and Literature, 31 East the Avenue C H A R L E S C H A U N C Y S H A C K F O R D , A.M., Professor of Rhetoric and General Literature, Emeritus, Brookline, Mass. 20 THIS R E V . CHARLES OFFICERS » OF BABCOCK, A.M., Professor of Architecture, Sage Avenue J A M E S E D W A R D O L I V E R , A.M., Professor of Mathematics, 7 Central Avenue E S T E V A N A N T O N I O F U E R T E S , M.A.S.C.E., Director of the College of Civil Engineering, and Professor of Civil Engi- neering, Agriculture, and Professor of Agriculture, HORATIO STEVENS WHITE, 13 East Avenue 37 East 23 East Avenue Avenue and I S A A C P H I L U P S R O B E R T S , M.Agr., Director of the College of and Professor of the A.B., DEAN, German Language and Literature, JOHN H E N R Y C O M S T O C K , B.S., Professor of Entomology 43 East General Invertebrate Zoology, SAMUEL G A R D N E R WILLIAMS, Avenue A.B., Ph.D., Professor of the Science and Art of Teaching, and Paleontology, and Literature, can Constitutional History and Law, Green and Albany Streets 1 East Avenue 7 East Avenue 5 East Avenue H E N R Y S H A L E R W I L I . I A M S , Ph.B., Ph.D., Professor of Geology W I L L I A M G A R D N E R H A L E , A.B., Professor of the Latin Language T H E R E V . M O S E S C O I T T Y L E R , L L . D . , L.H.D., Professor of Ameri- R O B E R T H E N R Y T H U R S T O N , A.M., L L . D . , Doc. Eng., Director of Sibley College, and Professor of Mechanical Engineering, 15 East Avenue JACOB S C H U R M A N , A . B . , D.Sc., D E A N of the Susan Linn Sage School of Philosophy, and Professor of Philosophy, GOULD 9 East A ven ue H E R B E R T T U T T L E , A.M., L.H.D., Professor of Modern European History, Comparative Philology, 11 East Avenue 39 East Avenue * B E N J A M I N I D E W H E E L E R , A.B., Ph.D., Professor of Greek and D O U G L A S B O A R D M A N , A.M., Dean of the School of Law, 22 E. Buffalo Street H A R R Y B U R N S H U T C H I N S , Ph.,B., Professor of Law, and Secre- tary of the Law Faculty, 1 Grove Place INSTRUCTION AND A DM INIS TRA TION C H A R L E S A V E R Y C O L L I N , A.M., Professor of Law, 21 116 E. Seneca Street F R A N C I S M A R I O N B U R D I C K , A.M., Professor of Law, South Avenue EDWARD LEAMINGTON NICHOLS. B.S.. Ph.D., Professor of Physics, mental Horticulture, EDWARD HITCHCOCK, JR., A.M., South Avenue 3 East M.D., Professor of South L I B E R T Y H Y D E B A I I . E Y , M.S., Professor of General and Experi- Avenue Physical Avenue Culture, and Director of the Gymnasium, H E R B E R T E V E R E T T T U T I I E R L Y , A.M.. 1st Lieut., 1st Cav., V S. A., Professor of Military Science and Tactics. 29 ll'cst (itrcn J A M E S M O R G A N I I A R T , A.M., J.U.I) , Professor of Rhetoric and English Philology, Reservoir Avenue J A M E S L A U R E N C E L A t V . I I L I N . A.M., Ph.D., Professor of Politi- cal Economy ami Finance, THK REV. C H A R L E S 3 Central Avenue the M E L L E N T Y L E R . A.M.. Professor of History and Philosophy of Religion ami of Christian Ethics, 15 Prospect Street A L B E R T S H A W , Ph.D., Professor of the History of Political and Municipal Institutions and International Law. • Professor of Psychology. Acting Professor of 29 East Professor of Avenue Mathe- S P E N C E R B A I R D N E W B U R Y , E . M . , Ph.D., General, Organic, and Applied Chemistry, L U C I E N A U G U S T U S W A I T . A.B., Associate matics, Drawing and Mechanical Drawing, 35 East Avenue Cortland E D W I N C H A S E C L E A V E S , B.S., Associate Professor of Freehand B R A I N A R D G A R D N E R S M I T H , A.M., Associate Professor of Elo- cution and Oratory, Lecturer on Microscopical Technology, ROLLA CLINTON CARPENTER, 3 Grove Place South Aventte S I M O N H E N R Y G A G E , B.S., Associate Professor of Physiology, and M.S., C . E . , M . M . E . , Associate Street Professor of Experimental Engineering, 25 Heustis •This professorship will be filled before the opening of the University year 1891-92. 22 OFFICERS OF Associate Professor of 63 Eddy Street G E O R G E P R E N T I C E B R I S T O L , A.M., Greek, and Secretary of the Faculty, C H A R L E S L E E C R A N D A L L , C . E . , Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering, in charge of Railway Engineering and Geodesy, 100 Hector Street I R V I N G P O R T E R C H U R C H , C.E., Assistant Professor of Civil E n gineering, in charge of Applied Mechanics and Hydraulic Engi- neering, togamic Botany, 111 a tics, 151 E. Seneca Street 108 Caseaditla Place 17 Stewa rt A ven ue W I L L I A M R U S S E L L D U D L E Y , M . S „ Assistant Professor of Cryp- G E O R G E W I L L I A M J O N E S , A.M., Assistant Professor of MatheG E O R G E S Y L V A N U S M O L E R , A.B., B . M . E . , Assistant Professor of Physics, 119 N. Aurora Street 142 Cascadilla Place C H A R L E S F R A N C I S O S B O R N E , Assistant Professor of Architecture, ALBERT WILLIAM S M I T H , M . M . E . , Assistant Professor of Me212 E. State chanical Engineering and Machiue Construction, J A M E S F U R M A N K E M P , A.M., E.M., Assistant Professor of Geology and Mineralogy, 163 E. Buffalo Street A L F R E D B R U C E C A N A G A , Passed Assistant Engineer, U.S.N., Assistant I*rofessor of Mechanical Engineering, and Instructor in Marine Engineering, G E O R G E L I N C O L N B U R R , A.B., Assistant 69 Heustis Street Professor of Ancient and Mediaeval History, 43 East Avenue H A R R I S J O S E P H R Y A N , M . E . , Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering, Latin, chanical Drawing, 31 Dryden Road 77 Heustis Street 100 Cascadilla Place H E R B E R T C H A R L E S E L M E R , A.B., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of H A R V E Y D A N I E L W I L L I A M S , M . E . , Assistant Professor of Me- C H A R L E S B E N J A M I N W I N G , C.E., Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering, in charge of Masonry Structures and Superintendent of the Laboratories, 38 Hazen Street 1 Quarry Street J A M E S M c M A H O N , A.M., Assistant Professor of Mathematics, « INSTRUCTION AND ADMINISTRA TION 23 A R T H U R S T A F F O R D H A T H A W A Y , B.S., Assistant Professor of Mathematics, 19 Stewa rt A ven ue W I L L I A M R I D G E L Y O R N D O R F F , A.B., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of General and Organic Chemistry, US3 E. Buffalo Street H E N R Y S I L V E S T E R J A C O B Y , C.E., Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering, in charge of Bridge Engineering and Graphics, 3 jQuarry Street * * Assistant Professor of Philosophy (Ancient). Assistant Professor of Philosophy (Modern). INSTRUCTORS A N D ASSISTANTS. JAMES OWEN GRIFFIN, Instructor in German, and R E G I S T R A R , 229 E. Stale Street O R R I N L E S L I E E L L I O T T , Ph.D., Instructor in English, and Assistant Registrar and President's Secretary, Dryden Road EUGENE H E N R Y PRESWICK, Analytical Chemistry, B.S., Instructor in Qualitative Forest Home L U D L O W E L I A K I M L A P H A M , A.B., Instructor in French, 10 Stewart Avenue D U A N E S T U D L E Y , B.S., Instructor in Mathematics, 71 Dryden Road R I C H A R D F R A N C I S N E L L I G A N , Instructor in Gymnastics, 96 E. Seneca Street H E R M A N K L O C K V E D D E R , C.E., Instructor in Civil Engineering, 48 W. Seneca Street T H E O D O R E H E N C K E L S , B.S., Instructor in German, 9 Heustis Street F R A N K H O V E Y N O Y E S , Instructor in Industrial Art, 96 E. Seneca Street H I R A M S A M U E L G U T S E L L , B.P., A.M., Instructor in Drawing and Industrial Art, 26 Hazen Street • T h e s e Professorships will be filled before the opening of the University year 1891-92. 24 FRANK MELVILLE OFFICERS OF i BRONSON, A.M., Instructor in Greek and Latin, . 135 N. Tioga Street 40 Hazen Street 170 Cascadilla Place W A L T E R L O R I N G WEBB, C.E., Instructor iu Civil Engineering, G E O R G E W E L T O N B I S S E L L , M.E., Instructor in Sibley College, W I L L A R I ) W I N F I E L D R O W L E E , B.L., Instructor in Botany, 40 Heustis Street J A M E S E D W I N C R E I G U T O N , A.R., Instructor in Philosophy, 69 Heustis Street E R N E S T G E O R G E M E R R I T T , M.E., Instructor in Physics, 69 Heustis Street O L I V E R F A R R A R E M E R S O N , A.M., Instructor in English, 69 Heustis Street I I E N R V N E E L Y O G D E N . C.E., Instructor in Civil Engineering, in charge of S.titit.try Engineering Laboratory, 9 E. Buffalo Street W I L L I A M B E L K N A P N E W B U R Y , Ph.B., Instructor in Chemistry, 163 E. Buffalo Street A L B E R T P A U L W I L L I S , Instructor in Freehand Drawing, 100 Cascadilla Place C H A R L E S S U M N E R F O W L E R , A.B., Instructor in Mathematics, 10 Stewart Avenue W I L L I A M M A S O N T O W L E , B.S., Instructor in Mechanical Engineering and Foreman of the Machine Shop, 63 Eddy Street W A L K E R G L A Z I E R R A P P L E Y E , B.S., Instructor in Mathematics, 27 Stewart Avenue S A M U E L J S A U N D E R S , A.B., Instructor in Physics, 22 Lake Street V E R N O N F R E E M A N M A R S T E R S , A.B., Instructor in Geology, 114 University A venue G R A N T S H E R M A N H O P K I N S , B.S., Instructor in Anatomy, 231 E. State Street A R N O L D E I L O A R T , B.S., Ph.D.,Instructor in Chemistry, 163 E. Buffalo Street INSTRUCTION AND A DMIN IS TR A HON. P I E R R E A U G U S T I N E F I S H , U.S., Instructor in Physiology 25 and Anatomy, 231 E. State Street 114 University A venue V I C T O R E D W I N C O F F I N , A.B., Instructor in English, L E S T E R J A M E S Y O U N G . Instructor in Architecture, 163 E. Buffalo Street GEORGE DEFREES SHEPARDSON, A.M., M.E., Instructor in Physics, 61 Dryden Road 71 Dryden Road C A M I L L O V O N K L E N Z E , Ph.D., Instructor in Romance Languages, E D W A R D B A I L L O T , B.S., Instructor in Romance Languages, 9 I/eustis Street H E N R Y I I I R A M WING, B.Agr., Instructor in Dairy Husbandry, Reservoir Avenue * * , Instructor in Civil Engineering. , Instructor in Civil Engineering. E M I L E M O N N I N C H A M O T , Assistant in Chemical Analysis, 178 E. Stale Street F R E D E R I C L A W R E N C E K O R T R I G I I T , B.S., Assistant in General Chemistry, 35 Dryden Road 81 Cascadilla Place G E O R G E W B O T S F O R D , A.B., Assistant in Ancient History, S T E W A R T W O O D F O R D Y O U N G , B.S., Assistant in Chemistry, East Hill House J A M E S W H E A T G R A N G E R , Instructor in Forging, Exchange Hotel W I L L I A M H E N R Y WOOD, Instructor in Woodworking, 72 \V. Mill Street J A M E S E L I J A H V A N D E R H O E F , Instructor in Moulding, Sibley College FRED CLARKSON FOWLER, Mechanician, and' Instructor in Physics, G E O R G E P O L L A Y , Instructor in the Wood Shop, 75 w> Mill Street 86 W. Seneca Streeet • These Instructorships will be filled before the opening of the University year 1891-92. 26 OFFICERS OF L E V I F R E D E R I C K C H E S E B R O U G H , Instructor in Mechanic Arts, 134 E. State Street G E O R G E W T A I L B Y , Assistaut to the Professor of Agriculture, and Foreman of the Farm, Reservoir Avenue R O B E R T S H O R E , Assistaut to the Professor of Botany, and Head Gardener, neering, 23 Hazen Street 65 E. Mill Street O L I N S B L A K E S L E E , Mechanician to the College of Civil Engi- SPECIAL LECTURERS. Besides the instruction regularly given by the resident officers of the University, a large number of lectures are delivered by non-resident lecturers on special subjects of importance. For this branch of instruction the services of eminent specialists are sought, and the number of lectures given bv each lecturer varies according to the nature of the subject treated. In the year 1889-90 the lecturers and their subjects were as follows : PROFESSOR G O L D W I N S M I T H , LL.D., L.H.D. : The Story of an Old University (Oxford), Toronto, Canada THE HON. G A R D I N E R G. H U B B A R D : Recent Discoveries in Africa, Washington, D. C. PROFESSOR L O U I S D Y E R , A.B. : The Aphrodite Cult of Paphos at Cyprus, Cities, PROFESSOR Oxford, England Minneapolis, Minn. A L B E R T S H A W , P h . D . : The Municipal Government of European W. W. F O L W E L L , P h . D . : Property and Taxation, and The Constitution and Paper Money, St. Paul, Minn. W. J. A S H L E Y , A.M. : The Economic Development of PROFESSOR England, PROFESSOR Toronto, Canada Some Aspects of Social H E N R Y C. A D A M S , P h . D . : Questions, Ann Arbor, Mich. INSTRUCTION AND A DM INIS TRA TION PROFESSOR 27 J A M E S L. L A U G H L I N , A.M., P h . D . : The Relation of Christianity to Economics, Philadelphia, Pa. W. L E C O N T E S T E P H E N S : Aeronautics, PROFESSOR Brooklyn C H A R L E S E. E M E R Y , P h . D . : Marine Engineering, New York City CHIEF ENGINEER B. F . I S H E R W O O D , U . S. N . : Steam in the Steam Engine, New York City Drifton, Pa. E C K L E Y B. C O X E , E.M., Ph.I). : Mine Engineering, G E O R G E H. BABCOCK, M.E. : Steam Engineering, New York City J. F. H O L L O W A Y , M.E. : Steam Pumping Machinery, New York City J. M. A L L E N , M.E. : Steam Boiler Design, R. W. H U N T , E . M : Steel and Car-Wheels, PROFESSOR W . A . A N T H O N Y . Hartford, Conn. Chicago, III. C.E., Ph.B. : Electrical Engineering, Manchester, Conn. O C T A V E C H A N U T E , C.E. : Aeronautics, T H E HON. Chicago, III. F R A N C I S M . F I N C H , L L . D . : Fraudulent Conveyances, Ithaca T H E HON. D A N I E L H. C H A M B E R L A I N , : The E x e c u t i v e its Place and Powers—Under the Constitution, New York City LL.D. THE HON. A L F R E D C O X E : The Law of Shipping and Admiralty, L 'lica T H E HON. B E N J A M I N the United States, F. T H U R S T O N , A . M . : The Patent Laws of Providence, R. I. The Law of Insurance, T H E HON. W M . F. C O G S W E L L : T H E HON. G O O D W I N Rochester Albany B R O W N , A.M. : The Law of Extradition. THE HON. H E N R Y W. C O R N E L L : Telegraph Law, New York City • 28 OFFICERS OF UNIVERSITY PREACHERS. The preachers appointed from year to year 011 the Dean Sage foundation are chosen from eminent representatives of the several religious denominations. The following were the preachers for 1889-90 : THIS R K V . R . S . M C A R T H U R . T H K RI-:V. B R O O K E THK THK RKV. D.D., I).D., D.D., J O N ICS, D.D., I) D . , HER FORD, j r u r s II. W A R D , LLOYD THK RKV. W M . J. T U C K E R , RKV. J E N K I N T H K R K V . T E N N I S S. H A M L I N , THK RKV. G E O . THK RKV. J D. B O \ R O M A N , D.D., T H K R K V . J A S . II. E C O B , T H K R K V . C . A. B R I G G S . THK THK THK THK THK RKV. J O H N R K V . I. M. M. B U C K L E Y , D.D., D.D., D.D., I) D . , D.D., D.D., D.I)., DONALD, D.D., D.D., D.D., PEABODY, LL.D., I).D., T H K R K V . S. M . H O P K I N S . CHADWICK, D.I)., F. T O W N S E N D , II. J O H N S O N . THK RKV. E R K V . J. M C C . H O L M E S . RKV. H E N R Y M. K I N G , THK RKV. C H A N C E L L O R SIMMS, RKV. E. W I N C H E S T E R I).D., T H K RKV. L. T . C H A M B E R L A I N , TIIK R K V . R . S. R I G G S , THK RKV. W M . H A Y E S W A R D , THK RKV. P H I L I P S . M O X O M , THK New York City Boston, Mass. Boston, Mass. Andovcr, Mass. Chicago, III. Washington, D. C. Philadelphia, Penn. A Ibany New York City New York City Auburn New York City Boston, Mass. Chester, Penn. Albany Syracuse Albany New York City Brooklyn Auburn New York City Boston, Mass. D.D., R E V . PROFESSOR F R A N C I S G . THK THE THE THE THE THE THE RT. REV. W. C. D O A N E , D.D., LL.D., REV. M O S E S H O G E , D.D., REV. J. H. T W I C H E L L , A.M., REV. R O B E R T C O L L Y E R , REV. J. A. M. C H A P M A N , D.D., REV. T H E O D O R E L. C U Y L E R , D.D., REV. A L E X A N D E R M c K E N Z I E , D.D. Cambridge, Mass. Albany Richmond. Va. Hartford, Conn. New York City Philadelphia, Penn. Brooklyn Cambridge, Mass. INSTRUCTION AND A DM INIS TRA TION 31 LIBRARY STAFF. G E O R G E W I L L I A M H A R R I S , Ph.D., Librarian, 142 E Seneca Street G E O R G E L I N C O L N BURR, A.B., Librarian of the President White Library, Classification, 43 East Avenue 130 E. Seneca Street A N D R E W C U R T I S W H I T E , Ph.D., Assistant Librarian in charge of W I L L I A M H E N R Y HUDSON, Assistant Librarian in charge of Reference Library, 41 Heustis Street M A R Y F O W L E R , U.S., First Cataloguer in the Library. 148 ( a scadiIla Place JULIA W E L L S BROWN, Cataloguer in the Library, Sage College G E R T R U D E F R A N C E S V A N DUSEN. Cataloguer in the Library, 212 E. Slalc Street E L L S W O R T H D A V I D W R I G H T , A.B., Cataloguer in the President White Library, iS Linn Street W I L L A R D H E N R Y A U S T I N , Delivery Assistant in the Library. 89 Heustis Street C H A R L E S H E N R Y P A R S H A L L , A.B., Delivers- Assistant in the * * Library, 1 Linn Street 93 Cascadilla Place E D W A R D C O R N E L L , LL.B., Librarian in the Law Library, OTHER OFFICERS. E M M O N S L E V I W I L L I A M S , Treasurer, iS8 E. Slate Street C H A R L E S B A K E R M A N D E V I L L E , B.S., Assistant to the Treasurer, 63 Eddy Street H O R A C E M A C K , Assistant to the Treasurer in the Land Office, 116 Cascadilla Place S A R A A D E L I A B E A C H , Treasurer's Stenographer, 58 N Geneva Street 30 OFFICERS OF A L I C E B E L L E C A R M A N , President's Stenographer, 10 E. Mill Street MRS. E L L E N K E L L E Y H O O K E R , Principal of Sage College, Sage College E D W A R D P A Y S O N G I L B E R T , Business Manager of Sage College, 166 E. State Street C L A R E N C E W E N T W O R T H M A T H E W S , Master of the Chime, South Avenue AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. The Corps of the Agricultural Experiment Station is made up as follows: I S A A C P H I L L I P S R O B E R T S , M.Agr., Director and Agriculturist, 37 East Avenue H E N R Y H I R A M W I N G , B.Agr., Deputy Director and Secretary, Reservoir A venue G E O R G E C H A P M A N C A L D W E L L , B.S., Ph.D., Chemist, 11 Cen tral A ven ue J A M E S L A W , F.R.C.V.S., Veterinarian, 33 East Avenue A L B E R T N E L S O N P R E N T I S S , M.S., Botanist and Aboriculturist, 3 Central Avenue J O H N H E N R Y C O M S T O C K , B.S., Entomologist and Invertebrate Zoologist, 43 East Avenue 1 East Avenue H E N R Y S H A L E R W I L L I A M S , Ph.B., Ph.D., Geologist, L I B E R T Y H Y D E B A I L E Y , M.S., Horticulturist, S I M O N H E N R Y G A G E , B.S., Anatomist, 3 East South Avenue Avenue W I L L I A M R U S S E L L D U D L E Y , M.S., Cryptogamic Botanist, H A R R Y S N Y D E R , B.S., Assistant Chemist, 9 East Buffalo 108 Cascadilla Place Street INSTRUCTION AND A DM INIS TRA TION WEI/TON M A R K S M U N S O N , B.S., Assistant Horticulturist, 31 40 Heustis Street C L I N T O N D E W I T T S M I T H , M.S., Assistant Agriculturist, Reservoir Avenue M A R K V E R N O N S L I N G E R L A N D , Assistant Entomologist, 43 East Avenue METEOROLOGICAL BUREAU OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. CENTRAL OFFICE AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY. (Under Chapter 148 of the Laws of 18S9.) COMMISSIONERS. THE HON. A. S. D R A P E R , Superintendent of Public Instruction, President, and Commissioner Ex-officio, PROFESSOR E . A . F U E R T E S , Albany Cornell University Director, and Commissioner Ex-officio, T H E HON. SIMEON SMITH, Treasurer and Commissioner, OFFICERS. Ithaca EBBNEZER T. TURNER, C . E . , WILLIAM O. KERR, ROBERT Meteorologist Clerk U. S. S. S. Assistant M. H A R D I N G E , 32 OFFICERS OF SPECIAL FACULTIES. T h e President of the University is er officio Chairman of each of the Special Faculties. lit the absence of the Prcsi lent, the Professor whose name is printed first on the list of members, is the acting Chnirmau. ARTS—Professor II \LE, Professors WHEELER, OLIVER, SCHURWAIT, M A N , BRISTOL, a n d ELMER. L E T T E R S - P r o f e s s o r C O R S O N , Professors C R A N E , H E W E T T , W H I T E , W I L D E R , S C I I U R M A N , H A R T , a n d B. G . S M I T H . PHILOSOPHY—Professor WILLIAMS, SCIENCE S. G. ScilURMAN, PRENTISS, HALE, Professors CALDWELL, NICHOLS, WHITE, and COMH. S. STOCK. C R A N K . O L I V E R , WILLIAMS, WHEELER, WILDER. -Professor W I L D E R , Professors COMSTOCK, C R A N E , H E W I T T . PRI- N riss, C A L D W E L L , N I C H O L S , W A I T , and H . S. W I L L I A M S . A G R I C U L T U R E — P r o f e s s o r ROHERTS, Professors C A L D W E L L , C O M STOCK, L A W , P R E N T I S S . B A I L E V , a n d H . S . W I L L I A M S . A R C I I I T E C T U R E—Professor CHEMISTRY CIVIL AND BABCOCK, Professors FuERTES, CALDWELL, OLI- V E R , CLEAN I S. a n d OSHORNE. PHYSICS—Professor Professors N I C H O L S , NKWIU RV, M O L E R , R Y A N , a n d O R N D O R F F . E N GINEERING—Professor FUERTES, Professors BABCOCK, N K HOLS, T I U RSTON, O L I V E R , C A L D W E L L , C H U R C H , C R A N D A L L , JACOBV, a n d C . B. W I N G . M A T H E M A T I C S — P r o f e s s o r O L I V E R , Professors W A I T , JONES, N I C H OLS, BABCOCK, FUERTES, MORRIS, THURSTON, MCMAHON, and HATHAWAY. THE SIBLEY THE COLLEGE MECHANIC OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND A R T S — P r o f e s s o r T H U R S T O N , ProfessWILLIAMS. GAGE, and ors NICHOLS, FUERTES, MORRIS, C A L D W E L L , O L I V E R , C L E A V E S , CARPENTER, A. W NATURAL LAW KEMP. HISTORY AND ors TITTLE, and BURR. SCHOOL OF POLITICAL CRANE, WILDER, SMITH, CANAGA, and H. D. BAILEY, H I S T O R Y — P r o f e s s o r P R E N T I S S , Professors C O M S T O C K , II. S. WILLIAMS, DUDLEY, S C I E N C E — P r o f e s s o r T Y L E R , ProfessHEWETT, WHITE, LAUGHLIN, HALE, L A W — J u d g e B O A R D M A N , Professors H U T C H I N S , BUR- DICK, COLLIN, T Y L E R , a n d TUTTLB. INSTRUCTION AND A DM INIS TRA TION 35 THE UNIVERSITY SENATE. C H A R L E S K E N D A L L A D A M S , LL.D. G E O R G E C H A P M A N C A L D W E L L , B.S., Ph.D. B U R T G R E E N W I L D E R , B.S., M.D. J A M E S L A W , F.R.C.V.S. A L B E R T N E L S O N P R E N T I S S , M.S. JOHN L E W I S M O R R I S , A.M., C.E. T H O M A S F R E D E R I C K C R A N E , A.M. H I R A M C O R S O N , A.M., L L . D . W A T E R M A N T H O M A S H E W E T T . A.B., Ph.D. THK RKV. C H A R L E S B A B C O C K , A.M. J A M E S E D W A R D O L I V E R , A.M. E S T E V A N A N T O N I O F U E R T E S , C.E., M.A.S.C.E. I S A A C P H I L L I P S R O B E R T S , M.Agr. H O R A T I O S T E V E N S W H I T E . A.B. JOHN H E N R Y C O M S T O C K , B.S. S A M U E L G A R D N E R W I L L I A M S , A.B., Ph.D. H E N R Y S H A L E R W I L L I A M S , Ph.B., Ph.D. W I L L I A M G A R D N E R H A L E , A.B. THK RKV. M O S E S C O I T T Y L E R , LL.D., L.H.D. R O B E R T H E N R Y T H U R S T O N , A.M., LL.D., Doc. Eng. JACOB G O U L D S C H U R M A N , A.B., D.Sc. H E R B E R T T U T T L E , A.M., L . H . D . B E N J A M I N I D E W H E E L E R , A.B., Ph.D. H A R R Y B U R N S H U T C H I N S , Ph.B. C H A R L E S A V E R Y C O L L I N , A.M. F R A N C I S M A R I O N B U R D I C K , A.M. E D W A R D L E A M I N G T O N N I C H O L S , B.S., Ph.D. L I B E R T Y H Y D E B A I L E Y , M.S. E D W A R D H I T C H C O C K , JR., A.M., M.D. H E R B E R T E V E R E T T T U T H E R L Y , A.M., 1st Lieut., istCav., U.S.A. J A M E S M O R G A N H A R T , A.M., J.U.D. J A M E S L A U R E N C E L A U G H L I N , A.B., Ph D. MATERIAL EQUIPMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY. LOCATION. is situated on the eastern hillside of the Cayuga Lake valley, some four hundred feet above the head of the lake. This lake stretches away more than twenty miles to the north, and the valley leading to it twelve or fifteen miles to the south, in full view from the University. From both sides of the lake ravines run back, through which considerable streams fall from four to six hundred feet in the course of a mile. The University grounds consist of two hundred and seventy acres of land bounded north and south by Fall Creek Ravine and Cascadilla Gorge resj>ectively. The eastern portion, of aljout two hundred acres, is devoted to the uses of the agricultural department. Two main avenues, Central ami East Avenue, well shaded by elms, run parallel to each other the entire length of the eastern portion, a distance of half a mile. On these and the intersecting avenues are grouped the university buildings and more than thirty residences of professors. The grounds are laid out with great care, are decorated with ornamental trees and shrubs, and are made to illustrate the courses of instruction iu botany, horticulture, and arboriculture. CORN KM. UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS. two edifices, architecturally alike, are each one hundred and sixty-five feet by fifty, four stories in height, of blue Ithaca stone, with light Medina trimmings. Each building is divided by three corridors, running from front to rear. The middle corridors lead to the larger lecture-rooms, and the other corridors to the smaller lecture and recitation-rooms. In Morrill Hall are the offices of the President, the Treasurer, the Dean, and the Registrar of the University, and the Secretary of the School of L a w ; the faculty-room, agricultural museum, and office of the Agricultural Experiment Station. MORRILL H A L L AND W H I T E HALL.—These MATERIAL MCGRAW EQUIPMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY. 35 H A I X . — T h i s building, the gift of the late Mr. John Mc- Graw, of Ithaca, is constructed, like the edifices adjacent to it, of dark blue stone, quarried near the University grounds, but with dressings and cornices of gray Onondaga limestone. In its architecture it corresponds with the other buildings. Its length is two hundred feet, and its width sixty, while its tower rises to a height of over one hundred and twenty feet. It consists of a main edifice and two wings. The main or central portion of the building comprises one room one hundred feet long, fifty-six wide, and nineteen in height; and another above it of the same length and breadth, but nearly forty feet high, and containing three galleries with an average height of twelve feet each. In this part of McGraw Hall are alcoves and galleries for the library on the lower floor; while on the second floor and in m » the galleries above it a large part of the museum of natural history is arranged. In the north wing is the anatomical lecture-room, and the special anatomical la) oratory. Beneath this is the seminary-room r and the basement is occupied by the general anatomical laboratory. In the south wing are the geological lecture-room and the paleontological laboratory, and immediately over them the geological laboratory. In the campanile, iu the center of the front of McGraw H a l l — a massive stone tower twenty-two feet square—are placed the great bell of the University, the nine smaller bells of the McGraw chime, and the great University clock. The different parts of McGraw Hall are separated by walls of brick and doors of iron, rendering them completely fire proof. The library room contains shelving for eighty thousand volumes. The galleries of the museum are fifteen feet deep, with a total length of six hundred f e e t The trustees of the University at a recent meeting, provided for the erection of a fire-proof building for the use of the Library. The extreme dimensions of this building, which will be constructed of stone, will be one hundred and seveuty feet by one huudred and fifty-three feet. Its book capacity will be four hundred and seventy-five thousand volumes. It is hoped that it will be ready for occupation by the opening of the next collegiate year. is a substantial brown stone structure, two hundred feet long and seventy feet wide. It contains sixty-oue rooms in its five floors, and has been specially designed for the use of the departments of Civil Engineering and Architecture. In addition to the laboratories and museums described elsewhere, the building contains the libraries of the two departments, aggregating about three thousand volumes, reading-rooms, class-rooms, and draughting-rooms. The latter are eighty feet long and sixteen feet wide, and are provided with means for reguLINCOLN H A L L MATERIAL EQUIPMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY. 36 lating the height and intensity of the illumination. The building contains also the offices of the professors, the central office of the Commissioners of the State Meteorological Bureau, and the meteorological observatory of the department of civil engineering. A temporary astronomical observatory has been erected near the main building, in which are mounted, on brick piers, an astronomical transit bv Troughton and Sims, provided with two collimators; a sidereal clock ; a four-and-a-half inch Clark equatorial; two large altazimuths reading to seconds by levels and micrometers; and a three and three-eighths inch zenith telescope by Fautli. Tiirc S I I I M S Y C o i . L K F . K . — T h e buildings of Sibley College were erected and presented to the University by the late Hon. Hiram Sibley, of Rochester, N. V., who also gave the machinery, and the greater part of all the collections with which they are supplied. The main building is of Ithaca stone, trimmed with white sandstone, and in architecture similar to Morrill and White Halls. It is one hundred and sixty feet long, forty feet in width, and three stories in height. The workshops form three sides of a quadrangle, of which the fourth side is formed by the college building proper; they are of brick and two stories in height. The main building contains 011 the first floor two large museums, fully described elsewhere, the library and reading-room, a large and well lighted lecture-room, and the private rooms of the professor of practical mechanics. On the second floor are the lecture-room of the professor of mechanical engineering and the director, with its collections, the drawing-rooms -of the departments of electrical engineering and of industrial drawing and art, and the lecture-rooms of the professor of electrical engineering, and the room of an instructor. The third floor is occupied by the drawing-rooms for the younger classes in freehand drawing and •decorative art, and the private rooms of the professor of drawing and his assistants. The workshops consist of a machine shop, a foundry, a blacksmith shop, and a wood-working shop ; and include rooms devoted to the storage of tools, to emery grinding, etc. These shops are one hundred to one hundred and fifty feet in length, about forty feet in width, and are well lighted. The forge and the foundry are in a separate structure, one hundred and fifty feet in length, built in 189a An additional building, one hundred and fifty feet by forty in dimensions, and two stories in height, has its second floor devoted to work in machine design, and includes several drawing-rooms for upper classmen, a lecture-room, and a room appropriated to the use of the professor having charge of the laboratories. The main floor is divided into several rooms, each devoted to some department of experimental MATERIAL EQUIPMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY. 37 work. The tools and machinery are described fully under the head of Sibley College Collections. At the bottom of Fall Creek gorge is the house protecting the turbine which supplies the power ordinarily required for driving the machinery of the college, and the electric apparatus for lighting the campus ami the buildings. The large engine and dynamo room, containing all the engines ami dynamos employed in lighting the University, is adjacent to the shops, ami beside the boiler-room in which are placed the 6«h> H. I*, boilers build ng. situated on the north side of the quadrangle, was opened for occupancy in September, iSS;v It is of red sandstone, about one hundred and f o r t y feet in length, with a width of fifty and seventy feet, ami is three stories in height a b o v e a well-lighted basement. The exterior is ornamented with casts ami medallions of distinguished scientists. The building contains, in addition to the amplv-equippc 1 laboratories of the department of physics, two 'arge l e c t u r e - r o o m s , seating about one hundred and seventy students each. A fire-proof, one-story annex, built o f brick, is situated behind Franklin H a l l . It contains, in addition to the assay laboratory of the chemical department, a large room desoted to applied electricity, also the instrument making and repair s h o p s and the storage-battery room of the department of physics. FRANKMX HAM..-This building, for the exclusive use of the chemical department, stands west of l-'raukliu 11.,11. It is built of brick, with slow-burning construction throughout, and is therefore nearly fireproof. It is one hundred and eighty feet long, and seventy feet wide, with high base tuentaml two stories, ami contains forty rooms, besides a large sub-basement. It will be occupied ti.is \ear for the first time. For the internal arrangements see the chemical laboratory. MORSK H A M . . — T h i s building is the gift of the Hon. Henry W. Sage. It is a home or dormitory for students, not a separate department or school. The front fa£ade has a length of one hundred and sixty-eight feet, a de;>th of forty-one feet, and is four stories in height. The north wing is eighty-five feet long, and the south wing one hundred and twelve. The building is of brick, with stone trim:mings. A gymnasium nearly connects the wings in the rear. The rooms for the students are eighteen feet by fourteen, with a low partition dividing off one part for a sleeping-room. The college will accommodate about one hundred students. Besides the dormitories, dining-liall, and parlors, it contains a large lecture room, a museum, laboratories, with very complete equipments, for students in botany, with green-houses, forcing-houses, and other necessary facilities for the pursuit of floriculiure and ornamental gardeuing. T H E S A G E C O L L E G E F >R W O M E N . — T h i s MATERIAL THE SAGE EQUIPMENT OF THEUNIVERSITY.38 chapel, the gift of the Hon. Henry W. Sage, and situated about midway between Morrill Hall and Sage College, is constructed of brick with elaborately carved stone trimmings, and is of the Gothic order of architecture. The auditorium has a seating capacity of about five hundred persons. One of the most noteworthy features of the room is the number of memorial windows and tablets. Opening into the auditorium is a smaller chapel, so arranged as to be used in connection with it. On the opposite or north side is T H E M E M O R I A L C H A P E I . , constructed in the Gothic style of the second or decorated period. It was erected, as a tablet in its northern end l>cars witness, to the memory of Ezra Cornell, John McGraw, and Jennie McGraw-Fiske, and was completed in 1884. The exterior is of red brick with stone trimmings. The interior walls are of Ohio stone and y e l l o w brick. The ceiling is vaulted, with Ohio stone ribs and Caen stone panels. On entering the chapel the eye is at once arrested bv the rich memorial windows, constructed by Clayton and Bell, of London. They are designed not only to commemorate the connection of Mr. Cornell, Mr. McGraw, and Mrs. Jennie McGraw-Fiske with this University, but also to associate their names with the names of some of the g r e a t e s t benefactors in the cause of education. The north window contains the figures of William of Wykeliam, John Harvard, and E*ra Cornell; the east window the figures of Jeanne of Navarre, Margaret < f Richmond, and Jennie McGraw-Fiske ; the west window those » of Elihu Y u l e , Sir Thomas Bodley, and John McGraw. Directly beneath the great northern window is a recumbent figure of Ezra Cornell, in white marble, of heroic size, by William W Story, of R o m e ; near this is another recumbent figure, that of Mrs. Andrew D. White, also in white marble, by Frankliu Simmons, of Rome. A vault underneath the chapel contains recesses for the remains of the founders of the t'niversitv. The building erected for the purposes of the G Y M N A S I U M A N D A R M O R Y is situated at the extreme southern end of the campus, and was completed in the winter of 1883-4. The main portion is of brick, one hundred and fifty feet long, sixty feet wide, and fifty feet high. The Annex, joiuitig the main hall on the south, is a two-sXoried building, having an area of fifty-two by forty-eight feet. The main building, with the exception of a small portion that is set apart for an office and military store-room, is used for gymnastics and military drill. This contains the arms and equipment of the cadet corps, and a carefully selected supply of the most improved gymnastic apparatus and appliances for both individual and class work. The hall is heated by steam and lighted by electricity, and gives a clear space CHAPEL.—This m MATERIAL EQUIPMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY. 39 for floor room in the gymnasium of one hundred and fifty by sixty feet. The Annex contains the offices of the Department of Physical Culture, faculty dressing-room, bath-rooms, lavatory, closets, general repair room and dressing-rooms which contain locker accommodations for eight hundred students. situated on the south bank of Cascadilla gorge, is built of blue stone, is one hundred ami ninety-five feet long by one hundred feet wide, four stories high, and contains about two hundred rooms. It was completed in 186S. University exercises are 110 longer held there, the rooms being rented to professors and students as living apartments. CASCADILLA PLACE, University is indebted to the generosity of the late Alfred S. Barnes, Esq., of New York, for a commodious and elegant building designed mainly for the use of the.University Christian Association. This building is one hundred and twenty feet by eighty feet in dimensions, and three stories in height. The material is brick, with trimmings of Ohio stone, brown stone and granite. On the north, the main entrance is marked by a graceful tower rising to a height of one hundred feet. The building contains a secretary's room, assembly-room, library, reading-room, and all other needed accommodations for the work of the association, in addition to a spacious auditorium which occupies the larger part of the second floor. Besides the auditorium, there is a smaller class-room on this floor, the two being separated by a screen which in case of need is easily removed, thus throwing the entire second floor into one hall, and furnishing seating room for one thousand persons. The various assembly-rooms and class-rooms are furnished with fire-places, and the best modern methods of heating and ventilation are employed. BARNES HALL.—The MUSEUMS. occupies a large room on the second floor of Morrill Hall and four rooms in the basement. It contains, I. T H E R A U M O D E L S , being one hundred and eighty-seven models of plows made at the Royal Agricultural College of Wiirtemburg, under the direction of Professor Rau, and arranged and classified by him for the Paris Exposition of 1867. 2. Engravings and photographs of cultivated plants and animals, obtained at the various agricultural colleges of Europe. 3 . T H E A U Z O U X V E T E R I N A R Y M O D E L S , being the entire series used at the government veterinary colleges of France and Russia. 4. A collection of the C E R E A L S O F G R E A T B R I T A I N , being a duplicate of that in the Royal Museum of Science and Art at EdinTHE AGRICULTURAL MUSEUM MATERIAL EQUIPMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY. 42 burg, presented by the British government. 5. A collection of agricultural seeds. 6. A large number of models representing a great variety of agricultural implements. The class-room has been provided with a special set of diagrams and other appliances designed to illustrate the subject of the lectures on agriculture. consists of about four thousand specimens. Of these al>out fifteen hundred illustrate primitive society in S o u t h America and the Pacific Islands, and were collected chiefly by P r o f e s s o r s Hartt, Barnard, Derby, Steere, and Ward. There are a few hundred antiquities from Great Britain, Denmark, France, Switzerland, and Egypt. The most valuable object in the Egyptian collection is a mummy of t h e X X I I I dynasty, taken in 1883 from the necrop o l i s at Thebes, and presented to the University by the Hon. G. P. P o u i c r o v , American Consul at Cairo. The remainder of the museum is c o m p o s e d of the relics of the Indians and Mound-Builders of North America. THK MUSEUM OK ARCHEOLOGY Titi- A K C 11 I T K C T t * K A L M t ' S K F M contains over three hundred and fifty models, iu wood, stone, and plaster, illustrating the various constructive forms of the different styles, and one hundred and fifty of oruauicut.d forms, sculpture, leaf-work, mouldings, etc., in stone, plaster, and terra cotta, besides numerous specimens of tiles, mosaic work, marbles, granites, and other materials used for decorative and constructive purposes. The collection of architectural photographs numbers about fifteen hundred, many of which are of large size. means of illustrating the instruction in botanv include the herbarium, estimated to contain fifteen TICK BOTANICAL M U S E U M . — T h e * * thousand species ; two series of models, the Auzoux and the Brendel; the full set of wall maps of Achille Compte, and the botanical charts of Professor Kny ; a lime lantern with five hundred views, illustrating different departments of botany ; twenty compound and dissecting microscopes; a collection of fruits, cones, nuts, seeds, fibres, and various dry and alcoholic specimens; a general collection of economic vegetable products, and above a thousand specimens of the woods of different countries. Besides these, the large conservatories and gardens, and an uncommonly rich native flora afford abundant material for illustration and laboratory work. T H E M U S E U M OF C H E M I S T R Y A N D P H \ R M A C Y occupies a large room, specially designed for this purpose, on the second floor of Morse Hall. In this room are displayed, 1. T H E A P P L I E D C H E M I S T R Y C O L L E C T I O N , which includes a full series of typical organic compounds, and also a great number of specimens illustrating the leading chemic 1 industries, such as the manufacture of the various acids, MATERIAL EQUIPMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY. 41 alkalies and salts, pigments, glass, pottery, soap and stearine, the chemical processes of bleaching and dyeing, photography, etc. 2. T H E C O L L E C T I O N O F P H A R M A C Y A N D M A T E R I A M E D I C A , consisting of specimens of dried medicinal plants, drugs, active principles and pharmaceutical apparatus. 3. T H E M E T A L L U R G I C A L C O L L E C T I O N , which includes the typical fuels, ores, slags and finished products necessary to illustrate the processes of extraction of the useful metals. In the arrangement, display, and labeling of these collections especial pains have been taken, in order that the significance of each specimen may be evident to all visitors to the museum. one of the most complete in existence, is 011 the second floor of McGraw Hall. It contains the Newcomb collection of shells, which embraces more than eighty thousand examples of more than twenty thousand varieties, representing at least fifteen thousand species. The collection is systematically classified and exhibited with special reference to making it available for study. As many of the specimens are of great rarity and not a few unique, the collection offers unusual facilities for the systematic study of conchologv. T H E MUSEUM O F C O N C H O L O G Y , T H E S P E C I A L M U S E U M S «>F T H E C O L L E G E O F C I V I L ENGINEERING contain the following collections : 1. The M U K E T collection of models in descriptive geometry and stone cutting. 2. The I>E L A G R A V E general and special models in topography, geognosy, and engineering. 3. The S C H R O E D E R models in descriptive geometry and stereotomv,f with over fiftv brass and silk transformable models made in * this college after the O L I V I E R models. 4. The GRUNI> collections of bridge and track details, roofs, trusses, and masonry, supplemented by similar models by Schroeder and other makers. 5. A model railroad bridge of twenty-five feet span, the scale being one-fourth of the natural size. 6. The D I G E O N collection of movable dams and working models in hydraulic engineering. 7. Working models of water-wheels, turbines, and other water engines. 8. Several large collections of European and American photographs of engineering works during the process of construction, and many other photographs, blue prints, models and diagrams. 9. A11 extensive collection of instruments of precision, such as a Troughton and Sims astronomical transit; a universal instrument, by the same makers, reading to single seconds; sextants, astronomical clocks, chronographs, a Negus chronometer, two equatorials—the larger having an objective, by Alvan Clark, four and a half inches in diameter, a large zenith telescope of improved construction for latitude work, and other instruments, like pier collimators, etc., necessary to the complete MATERIAL EQUIPMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY. 42 equipment of a training observatory. 10. A G E O ESIC collection, consisting of a secondary base line apparatus made under the direction of the Coast Survey, two new base line bars designed and constructed in the laboratories of this college, and all the portable, astronomical, and field instruments needed for extensive triangulations, including sounding-machines, tachometers, deep-water thermometers, heliotropes, etc. 11. Among the usual field instruments there is nearly every variety of engineers' transits, theodolites, levels, solar and other c o m p a s s e s , ommmeters and tachometers with a large number of special instruments, such as planimeters, pantographs, elliptographs, arithm o m e t e r s , computing machines, altazimuths, sextants, hypsometers, and self-recording meteorological instruments of all descriptions. 12. A very complete set of all appliances and instruments for making reconnaissances in topographical, hydrographical and mining surveys, in addition to the instrumental equipment which is common to the m u s e u m s , nnd the ten laboratories of this College, which are descrilied elsewhere. TM: MUSEUM OK ENTOMOLOGY AND GENERAL INVERTEBRATE The entomological cabinet contains, in addition to many exotic insects, specimens of a large proportion of the more common species of the northeastern United States. The collection includes many sets of specimens illustrative of the metamorphoses and habits of insects. The general collection of invertebrates comprises a wellselected series of forms representing all of the larger groups. In this c o l l e c t i o n there is a nearly complete set of the duplicates .distributed • by the U. S. National Museum, many specimens collected on the coast of Brazil by the late Professor C. F. Hartt, and specimens from Florida and the West Indies, collected by Dr. Wesley Newcomb. The collection includes, moreover, a set of the Auzoux models and of the glass models made bv the Blaschka. ZOOLOGY. THK MUSEUMS AND COLLECTIONS OF THE SIBLEY COLLEGE OF are of exceptional extent, value, and interest. The two principal rooms on the first floor of tile main building are devoted to the purposes of a museum of illustrative apparatus, machinery, products of manufacturing, and collections exhibiting processes and methods, new inventions, forms of motors, and other collections of value in the courses of technical instruction. In the west museum are placed a full Reuleaux collection of models of kinematic movements, which is, FO far as known, the only complete collection on this continent, and is one of the very few in the world. Besides these are the Schroeder and other models, exhibiting parts of machinery, the construction of steam MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND MECHANIC ARTS MATERIAL EQUIPMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY. 43 engines and other machines. In the east museum are placed a large number of samples of machines constructed to illustrate special forms and methods of manufacture. Among these are several beautifully finished samples of steam-pumps "sectioned" to exhibit their internal construction, steam boiler injectors similarly divided, governors for motors, devices for lubrication, and apparatus for the transmission of power, both by shafting and bv wire-rope transmission. The lecturerooms of Sibley College, each being devoted to a specified line of instruction and list of subjects, are each supplied with a collection of materials, drawings, models and machines, especially adapted to the wants of the lecturer. Thus, the lecture-room of the instructor in Materials of Engineering contains a large collection of the metals in common use in the arts, with samples of ores and of special products, exhibiting processes of reduction and manufacture. Among these are the whole range of copper-tin ami copper-zinc alloys, and of the "kalchoids" produced by their mixture, such as were the subjects of investigations by the Committee on Alloys of the l r . S. Roard appointed in the year 1875. The collection is supplemented by other alloys produced later by the Director, ami is one which has no known superior, and is perhaps unequaled. The course of instruction in mechanical engineering is illustrated l»y a fine collection of steamengines of our own make and of various well known types, gas and vapor engines, water-wheels and other motors, models and drawings of every standard or historical form of prime mover, of parts of machines, and of completed machinery. The collections of the f)epartment of Drawing also it c'.ude a large variety of studies of natural and conventional forms, shaded and in outline, geometrical models, casts and illustrations of historical ornament. The workshops are supplied with every needed kind of machine or tool, including lathes of our own and. other makes, and hand and bench tools sufficient to meet the wants of one hundred and fifty students of the first year, in woodworking; in the foundry and forge, all needed tools for a class of over one hundred in the second y e a r ; in the machine shop, machine tools from the best builders, and others made in the University shops, and a great variety of special and hand tools, which are sufficient to work a class of one hundred in the third year, and sixty or eighty seniors and graduate students. The Department of Experimental Engineering possesses experimental engines and boilers, and other heat motors, such as air and gas engines, and is well supplied with testing machines in considerable variety, as well as all the apparatus required, as indicators, dynamometers, etc., for determining the efficiency of engines. Each of MATERIAL EQUIPMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY. 44 the several rooms 011 the first floor of the Sibley College annex is a museum of apparatus. These collections are elsewhere described. THK MUSEUM OK G E O L O G Y , PALEONTOLOGY, AND MINERALOGY comprises the following collections: 1. T H E J E W E T T C O L L E C T I O N , accumulated by the late Colonel Jewett when curator of the State Cabinet of Na ural History. This collection is especially rich in New York fossils, containing many of the original specimens described in the Slate reports, and not a few unique specimens. 2. A fair representation of the rich faunas of the cretaceous and tertiary formations along the eastern and southern parts of the Union, and a large number of characteristic English and European fossils. 3. A fine series of English mesozoic fossils ; of tertiary fossils from Santo Domingo : of pre-glacia! fossils from Sweden ; and numerous smaller collections from various typical localities in our own country. 4. The Ward series of casts. 5. The unique collections from Brazil, made by P r o f e s s o r Hartt and party on the Morgan expedition, containing the original specimens and a great number of duplicates. Numero u s additions have been made during the past year. 6. T H E S I L L I MAs" C O L L E C T I O N ° f minerals accumulated by the late Benjamin Silliman, Jr., and illustrating the rarer and commoner mineral species. No?able additions have been made to it from year to year by purchase and donation. 7. The collections in economic geology are intended to illustrate the ores and useful minerals of the United States, and although of recent da'.e already begin to represent in detail the resources of the country. T H K M U S E U M O F V E T E R I N A R Y S C I E N C E embraces the following collections : 1. The Auzoux veterinary mollis, comprising plastic models of the horse, showing the relative position of over three thousand anatomical parts ; models of limbs, sound and with detachable pieces, and their morbid counterparts, illustrating changes in diseases of the bones, joints, muscles, etc. ; a set of obstetrical models, showing the virgin and gravid uterus in different animals, and the peculiarities of the female pelvis and its joints; models of the gastric cavities of domestic animals ; an extensive set of models of jaws, showing the indications of age as well as various habits and diseases ; models of equine teeth in sections, showing structure and the changes effected by wear. 2. Skeletons of the domestic animals, articulated and unarticulated. 3. A collection of diseased bones, illustrating the various constitutional diseases which impair the nutrition of the«-e structures, together with the changes caused by accidental injuries and purely local disease. 4. Skulls of domestic animals, prepared to illustrate the surgical operations demanded in the different genera. MATERIAL EQUIPMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY. 45 5. Jaws of farm animals, illustrating teeth, age, dentinal tumors, caries, etc. the growth and wear of the 6. A collection of specimens 7. A of teratology, consisting of monstrous foals, calves, and pigs. domestic animals. domestic animals. collection of tumors and morbid growths removed from the different 8. Some hundreds of specimens of parasites from 9. A collection of calculi from the digestive and 10. Foreign bodies taken from 11. A collection of surgical in12. A collection of medicinal urinary organs, etc., of farm animals. various parts of the animal economy. struments used in veterinary practice agents. 13. In addition, a large number of diagrams, the property of Professor Law, available in illustration of different points in anatomy, physiology, and pathology. T H E M U S E U M OF G E N E R A L ZOOLOGY.-—The vertebrate collections areasfolicws : About thirty-seven hundred examples of about twentyfive hundred species of entire animals in alcohol, nearly half of the specimens being fishes collected in Brazil by the late Professor C. F. Hartt; the remainder include series of named fishes from the Smithsonian Institution and the Museum of Comparative Zoology, representatives of the general North American fauna, and of the local fauna and many rare forms from various parts of the world, including the following : Chimpanzee, orang, cheiromvs, dingo, pangolin, sloth, ant-eater, armadillo, ormthorhynchus, echidna, jacana, sphenodon, monitor, lieloderma, crocodile, alligator, draco, axolotl, proteus, megalobatrachus, siren, amphiuuia, pipa, ceratodus, protopterus, flyingfish, polypterus, calamoictliys, thalassopliryne, chinuera, cestracion, myxine, bdellostoma, and branchiostoma ; about twi ntv-eight hundred anatomical preparations, including mounted skeletons of man, gorilla, lion, panther, camel, horse, porpoise, manatee, sloth, kangaroo, ostrich, apteryx, alligator, draco, frog, cryptobranchus, necturus, caecilia andamia; more than one thousand preparations of the brain ; large series of dissections of the lamprey, bryos or young of man, ape, necturus, and c a t ; emleopard, opossum, kangaroo, manatee, dugoug, peccary, llama, sea-lion, bat, alligator, necturus, amia, lepidosteus, shark, skate, and domesticated animals; about one thousand microscopical preparations, chiefly from the cat, frog, and necturus ; more than eleven hundred mounted skins, including orang, tiger, cheetah, otter, moose, trangulus, camel, beaver, hyrax, centetes, galeopithecus, sloth, armadillo, manatee, porpoise, koala, wombat, kangaroo, echidna, ornithorhynchus,emeu, apteryx, boat-bill, penguin, gavial, crocodile, rattlesnake, heloderma, megalobatrachus, ceratodus, cestracion, saw-fish, gar-pike, polypterus, etc. Besides the pa- pier-mach£ models by Auzoux mentioned above, there are several 46 MATERIAL EQUIPMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY. * Bock-Steger models in plaster, a Buechi model of the brain, and series of wax models by Weisker and Ziegler. In the arrangement of the collections reference has been had to the exemplification of zoological and morphological ideas, such as the unity of general structure under diversity of form and mode of life in the branch and within each class, the resemblances between members of different classes, the existence of apparently useless organs, etc. Among special series are placed together the vertebrates inhabiting this neighborhood, all venomous forms, and preparations illustrating the resemblances and differences between man and apes. LABORATORIES. are in the north wing of McGraw Hall, second floor and basement. They are furnished with instruments and materials for practical work in anatomy, human and comparative, histology, and elementary physiology. Among the appliances recently acquired are an incubator, a first-class microscope with apochromatic objectives and oculars, and apparatus for determine ing the results of aquatic or combined aquatic and aerial respiration. Students have access to many works of reference and to a standard series of anatomical and microscopical preparations. T H E B O T A N I C A L L A B O R A T O R Y is located on the first and second floors of the south wing of Sage College, adjoiuiug the botanical lecture-rooms. The laboratory is supplied with microscopes and other apparatus necessary for study and investigation in the several departments of botanical science. Connected with the laboratory are the green-houses, which at all seasons of the year furnish material for illustration and for laboratory use. T H E C H E M I C A L L A B O R A T O R Y . — T h e new chemical laboratory contains two lecture-rooms, one seating three hundred, aud the other eighty students. Both rooms are supplied with all the necessary appliances for the illustration of the lectures, by experiments or the lantern. On the second floor, besides the large lecture-room, there is a laboratory for the work of students in introductory chemistry, with two hundred and sixty-four places, and adjoining this the private laboratory of the instructor in that course ; on this floor are also the office and laboratory of the professor of general chemistry, apparatus and preparation rooms in connection with the lecture-room, a room for occasional special; work, and, finally, the chemical museum for the collections illustrating the courses in applied chemistry and pharmacy. THK ANATOMICAL LABORATORIES On the first floor is the general quantitative laboratory, with places MATERIAL EQUIPMENT OF THE U N I V E R S I T Y . 47 for one hundred and forty students, besides twelve special places for analysis by electrolysis. Adjoining this room are the balance room for students, and the private laboratory of the assistant professor of analytical chemistry ; next follow the general supply room for all departments of the laboratory in general, the office and private laboratory of the professor of agricultural and analytical chemistry, the women's cloak room, the chemical library, the combustion and muffle room, the special room for irou analysis, with places for eight students, the sanitary laboratory and distilling room, with places for ten students, the room for analysis by optical methods, the smaller lectureroom, and the men's coat room. On the basement floor is the qualitative students* laboratory, with places for two hundred and fifty-six students, if it is necessary to crowd them, but accommodating easily one hundred and eighty-four; and it is so arranged that in the terms when the quantitative laboratory is liable to be overcrowded, and fewer students are working at qualitative analysis, twenty quantitative students can work here, with all the advantages enjoyed by the beginners in the regular q u a l i t a tive room, and for whose use balances are placed in an adjoining room. On this floor are also the private laboratory of the instructor in qualitative analysis, the laboratory of the agricultural experiment station, and a room for gas analysis, with a northern exposure. I11 the eastern section of the building on this floor the organic laboratory is located, with places for twenty-four students, a combustion room, a room for advanced organic work, the private laboratory of the assistant professor of organic chemistry, the pharmaceutical laboratory, with places for sixteen students, the private laboratory of the assistant professor of pharmacy, and store rooms. In a sub-basement is ample space for a cool, fire-proof room, and other store-rooms for chemical stock in b u l k ; and in the attic story are rooms for photographic work. Every room in which unwholesome or offensive fumes are liable to be evolved is connected with a special system of ventilation for their rapid removal. Distilled water is conducted in block tin pipe to all the more important rooms 011 each floor, from a tin-lined tank in the uppermost story where the distilling apparatus is placed. Every student's place is furnished with all the essential apparatus for his general work, and with water, and in the quantitative rooms with suction ; oxygen, hydrogen, and air-blast are supplied wherever required, from reservoir tanks in the basement. The chemical library contains complete sets of all the important journals, and works of reference ; and such additions are made to it MATERIAL EQUIPMENT OF THEUNIVERSITY.48 from year to year, as are necessary to keep it abreast with the times. It is accessible to all students, under such restrictions only as are necessary to secure it against any detriment. T H K C I V I L E N G I N K K R I N G L A B O R A T O R I E S cover a floor area of about ten thousand square feet. They are well equipped and comprise: i. A G E N E R A L L A B O R A T O R Y containing a large collection of machines and apparatus for the experimental s udv of subjects connected with the theoretical instruction of the lec.ure-ruo.ns, and as preparation for the special laboratories. 2. A N H Y D R A U L I C L A B O R A T O R Y with comp l e t e appliances for determinations of efficiency" ; piping, mouth pieces, and special castings, for the derivation of coefficients ; weirs provided with all forms and heights of notches and orifices; gauges, electrical ami automatic devices for the most refined measurements of weights, pressures, velocities, equilibrium, viscosity, efflux in closed ami open conduits, water reaction, etc. 3. A C E M E N T L A B O R A T O R Y provided with automatic machines for the establishment of standard tests. The furniture of this laboratory has been designed by specialists iu view of its needs, and what has been done already at the great laboratories of Professors Tetmayer and Rauschinger, at Zurich and Munich. 4. A B R I D G E L A B O R A T O R Y for the study of stresses in many tvpes of trusses, the determination of the effect of permanent and variable strains upon the nature and requirements of bridge designs and their details, etc. This laboratory has under way important investigations. 5. A G R A V I M E T R I C L A B O R A T O R Y where cold and hot p e n d u l u m s swing iu connection with other instruments of precision. t>. A G E O D E T I C L A B O R A T O R Y for the determination of the values and errors of graduation of circles and levels of high precision, fitted with level testers, collimators, catlietometers, etc. 7. A M A G N E T I C L A B O R A T O R Y in which is acquired the skill necessary to use the Kew magnetometer and Barrow's circle. The instrumental constants are derived in an isolated "copper house" ; but the magnetic quantities are obtained each year, by the students in civil engineering, at the astronomical stations of the systematic survey of the State. This work has been carried on since 1874 under the auspices of Cornell University. S. A M E T R I C L A B O R A T O R Y for the absolute comparison of lengths, provided with line and end comparators and dividing engines with independent microscopes mounted 011 isolated piers. This room is built with hollow double walls, and provision has been made to maintain it at a constant temperature. Telescopic observations may be made through tubes in the walls, which avoid the necessity of entering the room, thus disturbing its temperature. 9. A B A C T E R I O L O G I C A L L A B O R A T O R Y in which students may become acquainted with bacterial MATERIAL EQUIPMENT OF THE U N I V E R S I T Y . 49 forms and such portions of this subject as bear upon sanitary engineering. The optical apparatus has been expressly manufactured for us by Reichert, of Vienna; and, as the result of consultation with biologists, physicians and sanitary engineers, the balance of the equipment for the special purposes of this laboratory has been made by Dr. Rohrbeck of Berlin. 10. A P H O T O G R A P H I C L A B O R A T O R Y for reproducing the appearance of tested specimens, for the purposes of the lecture-room, as aid in topographical surveys, and for the distribution, to graduates and purchasers, of reprints of the great collection of nrogress photos of engineering structures owned by this college. T H E S I B L E Y C O L L E G E L A B O R A T O R I E S OP E L E C T R I C A L ENGINEER- ING, including the apparatus of the Department of Electrical Engineering of Sibley College and also that available in the Department of Physics, comprehend many special collections of apparatus. The collections iuclude a number of large and small dynamos, of arc and incandescent lighting types, including a five hundred light and a twenty-five light Edison, two Thomson-Houston, three Weston, a Ball, a Mather, a Waterhouse third brush, a Gramme, a Siemens and Halske, a six hundred and fifty light Westinghouse alternate current machine and its complement of converters, and a Westinghouse forty arc light alternator with its full complement of lamps; a variety of motors including two ten H. P. automatic Sprague motors, a Brush five H. P, constant current, and a Tesla alternate current motor. Storage batteries are of the Julien, Gibson, Sorley, and " accumulator*1 types ; aggregating one hundred cells in number. There are arc and incandescent lamps of the various types, and commercial electric meters. The great tangent galvanometer and electro-dynamometer, and the potential instrument at the Magnetic Observatory, and the authorized copies of the British Association standards of resistance afford every facility for making measurements iu absolute measure of current, E. M. P., and resistance with the highest attainable accuracy. There are a large number of ammeters, voltmeters, Wheatstone bridges, electroiynamometers, electric balances, long range electrometers, etc., that have been built or procured for general use, that are always kept in correct adjustment by comparison with the above standardizing apparatus. Apparatus is provided for all delicate testing, for the exact study and determination of alternate current energy, for conductivity and insulation tests, and for the determination of the properties of the magnetic materials. Means for making quantitative measurements are supplied through a well equipped photometer room for the photometry of arc and incandescent lamps ; several Brackett " cradle" dynamometers for efficiency tests of dynamos and 4 MATERIAL EQUIPMENT OF THEUNIVERSITY.50 motors ; a rehostat of german-silver wire for a working resistance with a capacity ranging from twenty-two hundred ohms and four amperes, to four-tenths of an ohm and three hundred amperes. The apparatus of electrical measurement is the property of the Department of Physics, as are many of the dynamos. The Sibley College machinery, and the dynamos of the Department of Physics, are placed in large apartments adjacent to the steamboiler M plant" of the University and the College. THK LABORATORY OK ENTOMOLOGY AND GENERAL INVERTE- occupies the entire second floor of the north division of White Hall. It is equipped with microscopes, and other apparatus necessary for practical work in entomology. The greater part of the entomological cabinet is kept here for reference. The laboratory is also supplied with a large collection of duplicate specimens of insects, ami typical forms of other orders of invertebrates for the use of the students. T H E I N S K C T A R Y OK T H E A G R I C U L T U R A L E X P E R I M E N T S T A T I O N affords facilities to a limited number of advanced students for special investigations in the study of the life history of insects, and for experiments in applied entomology. T H E G E O L O G I C A L L A B O R A T O R I E S occupy the entire second floor of the south wing of McGraw Hall, and are well furnished with the appliances needful for successful study in paleontology, lithology, practical geology, and the optical study of rocks and minerals. The laboratory on the east side is devoted especially to the collections and other equipments for the study of fossils and the various branches of paleontological science. The west room is devoted to the lithological and advanced mineralogical collection and the equipments for macroscopic and microscopic study of minerals and rocks. Both laboratories are in connection with the main geological museum, occupying the central part of the same floor. The laboratory for introductory work in mineralogy and blowpipe analysis occupies the west basement and is equipped with study collections and facilities for blowpipe determinations. Here are also placed the study collections in economic geology. T H E S I B L E Y C O L L E G E M E C H A N I C A L L A B O R A T O R I E S constitute the department of demonstration and experimental research of Sibley College, iu which not only instruction but investigation is conducted. They are principally located in the annex of Sibley College, in several rooms of good height, well lighted on all sides, and carefully fitted up for the purpose for which they are designed, occupying the entire lower floor, a space of one hundred and fifty feet long by forty feet wide. It is supplied with the apparatus for experimental work in the deterBRATE ZOOLOGY MATERIAL EQUIPMENT OF THE U N I V E R S I T Y . 51 mination of power and efficiency of motors, including a number of experimental and other steam engines, and the turbine driving the machinery of the establishment; with the boiler-testing plant and instruments ; and with numerous machines, of the various standard types, for testing the strength of metals. Several steam engines and boilers, air and gas engines, several kinds of dynamometers, lubricant-testing machines, standard pressure-gauges, and a large collection of steam engine indicators and other apparatus and instruments of precision employed by the engineer in such researches as he is called upon to make, are collected here. All the motors of the University, and its 600 horse-power boilers, are available for test trials. The steam engines .are set up, with the heavy lighting dynamos, adjacent to the boilers. THE PHYSICAL L A B O R A T O R Y . — T h e rooms of the physical depart- ment occupy Franklin Hall. Piers are provided in several of the rooms for apparatus requiring immovable support, and some of the rooms in the basement and in the annex have solid floors of cement, upon any part of which galvanometers, etc., may be used. The lecture-room 011 the first floor has fixed seats for one hundred and fifty-four students. The arrangements for experimental demonstrations are most complete. Gas, water, steam, oxygen, hydrogen, compressed air, blast, and vacuum cocks are within easy reach of the lecturer, and dynamo and battery currents are always at hand, and under complete control from the lecture table. A masonry pier, four by twelve feet, permits the use in the lecture-room of apparatus that could otherwise only be used in the laboratory. A small turbine on the lecture-table furnishes power for a variety of experiments. Lanterns with the lime or electric light are always in readiness for use when their use can in any way aid a demonstration. Adjacent to the lecture-room are three large apparatus rooms. On the first floor are several laboratory rooms, equipped with reference to various special lines of work, among which may be mentioned one for electric light photometry, without windows, and painted black throughout. The laboratory rooms in the western end of the main building are devoted to advanced work, those on upper floors of the eastern end, to elementary practice. On the fourth floor is a suite of rooms arranged for the study of photography, with special reference to its application to physical investigation. Work in applied electricity is carried on chiefly in the basement laboratories, in the annex, and in the dynamo rooms of the department. The equipment of the physical^department comprises many fine instruments of precision. The standard clock, having Professor Young's MATERIAL EQUIPMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY. 52 gravity escapement, is placed in a room provided with double walls, and actuates two chronographs by which the time observations of the laboratory are recorded. A very perfect automatic dividing engine, a large comparator, a standard yard and meter, an electro-calorimeter of a platinum wire resistance in a hard rubber tank, a spectrometer reading to seconds, sets of resistance coils, and galvanometers of various forms are among the instruments. For magnetic and other measurements by the magnetic needle, a special building free from iron has been erected. In this are placed the magnetometers and the instruments for the accurate measurement of currents and potentials. Of the latter is the large tangent galvanometer, constructed at the University, with coils respectively one and six-tenths and two meters in diameter, and giving deflections to ten seconds. A very valuable adjunct is a well-equipped workshop connected with the department, where a skilled mechanician is constantly employed in making apparatus. Some of the most valuable instruments iu the collection have been made in this shop. THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY. T h e Library, including the President White collection, described below, contains about one hundred and seven thousand volumes, besides thirty thousand pamphlets. It is made up largely of the following collections, increased by annual additions of from three thousand to five thousand volumes : A S E L E C T I O N of about five thousand volumes purchased in Europe in 1868, embracing works illustrative of agriculture, the mechanic arts, chemistry, engineering, the natural .sciences, physiology, and veterinary surgery ; T H E A N T H O N L I B R A R Y , of nearly seven thousand volumes, consisting of the collection made by the late Professor Charles Anthon, of Columbia College, in the ancient classical languages and literatures, besides works in history and general literature; T H E B O P P L I B R A R Y , of about twenty-five | hundred volumes, relating to the oriental languages and literatures, and comparative philology, being the collection of the late Professor J Franz Bopp, of the University of Berlin ; T H E G O L D W I N S M I T H L I B R A R Y of thirty-five hundred volumes, comprising chiefly historical works and editions of the English and ancient classics, presented to the University in 1869 by Professor Goldwin Smith, and increased during • later years by the continued liberality of the donor ; T H E P U B L I C A T I O N S of the Patent Office of Great Britain, about three thousand volumes, of great importance to the student in technology and to scientific investigators; T H E W H I T E A R C H I T E C T U R A L L I B R A R Y , a MATERIAL EQUIPMENT OF THE U N I V E R S I T Y . 53 collection of over twelve hundred volumes relating to architecture and kindred branches of science, given by ex-President White ; THE KELL E Y M A T H E M A T I C A L L I B R A R Y , comprising eighteen hundred volumes and seven hundred tracts, presented by the late Hon. William Kelley, of Rhinebeck ; T H E C O R N E L L A G R I C U L T U R A L L I B R A R Y , bought by the Hon. Ezra Cornell, chiefly in 1868 ; T H E S P A R K S L I B R A R Y , being the library of Jared Sparks, late president of Harvard University, consisting of upwards of five thousand volumes and four thousand pamphlets, relating chiefly to the history of America ; T H E M A Y C O L L E C TION, relating to the history of slavery and anti-slavery, the nucleus of which was formed by the gift of the library of the late Rev. Samuel J. May, of Syracuse ; T H E S C H U Y L E R C O L L E C T I O N of folklore, Russian history and literature, presented by the Hon. Eugene Schuyler in 1884; T H E L A W L I B R A R Y , containing over seven thousand five hundred volumes of legal works. The number of periodicals and transactions, literary and scientific, currently received at the Library is five hundred and thirty, and of many of these complete sets are on the shelves. The British Patent Office and the United States Patent Office supply all reports published bv them ; a very large number of mechanical and engineering periodicals are taken, and some progress has been made toward collecting a library of books of similar character. The Library is a circulating one for members of the Faculty and a library of reference for students. Undergraduates have free access to a collection of encyclopaedias, dictionaries, and works of reference in the various departments of study, but they apply to the librarian for other works desired. Graduate students are admitted to the alcoves. Upon the recommendation of the professor in anv department, students of the senior and junior classes, engaged in special work in that department, will be granted access to the shelves for purposes of consultation. Connected with the Library, and intended for use as a study room by advanced students, is the seminary-room, containing one hundred and fifty of the principal historical, literary, and philological periodicals, and about four thousand volumes, selected with reference to the needs of students engaged in special work. In the departments of architecture, agriculture, arts, botany, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, and philology, collections are set apart in seminary-rooms for the use of students carrying on special investigations. The Library is managed by a body known as the L I B R A R Y C O U N C I L , which consists of seven members, as follows: T h e President of the University and the Acting Librarian, ex officio, one trustee chosen by MATERIAL EQUIPMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY. 54 the Board, and four professors nominated by the Faculty and confirmed by the Board of Trustees. The President of the University is ex officio chairman of the council. The elected members hold office one year. The generous gift of the Hon. Henry W. Sage, consisting of a new Library Building, now in course of erection, at a cost of more than two hundred thousand dollars, and an endowment fund of three hundred thousand dollars, the income of which is to be devoted to the increase of the Library, not only adds greatly to the present facilities for study, but also secures a future measure of growth much larger and more uniform than has hitherto been possible. is issued three or four times a year, and contains classified lists of recent accessions, and of books in various • departments, as well as other bibliographical matter intended to assist students in their use of the Librarv. TMII LIBRARY BULLETIN THK PRESIDENT WHITE LIBRARY OF HISTORY AND POLITICAL the 19th of January, 1887, ex-President Andrew D. White, in accordance with a purpose long entertained, made a formal proffer of his Library of History and Political Science as a gift to the University. On the same day a committee was appointed by the trustees to confer with Mr. While in regard to the conditions of the transfer of the collection. The preliminary arrangements were satisfactorily made, and this invaluable collection thus at once became available for the p u r p o s e s of the University. A catalogue, already far advanced, will be pushed forward to completion with the utmost practicable rapidity, with a view to publication. The collection consists of about 30,000 volumes and 10,000 pamphlets, besides a large number of manuscripts of unusual interest and value. In almost all departments it contains works that are rare and valuable, while in one or two its completeness is believed to be unequaled in the United States. It. is especially rich in primary sources on the History of Superstition, on the period of the Reformation, 011 the French Revolution, and on the Period of the Civil War. The principal conditions on which this munificent gift is made are that it shall be placed in a fire-proof room, where it will be easily accessible to students and historical scholars, that it shall be placed in care of a special attendant, and that a sum of money shall be annually appropriated by the University to keep the •collection supplied with the most important new books. SCIENCE.--On MATERIAL EQUIPMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY. THE UNIVERSITY FARM. 55 The Farm consists of about one hundred and ten acres of land, exclusive of that under the charge of the Professor of Horticulture, and is devoted to the uses of the agricultural department, for experimental purposes, and for the illustration of the principles and practice of agriculture. Nearly all the domestic animals are kept to serve the same ends. Those portions of the farm and stock not used for experiments are managed with a view to their greatest productiveness. Statistics of both experiments and management aie kept on such a system as to show at the close of each year the profit or loss not only of the whole farm, but also of each crop and group of animals. The North Bam (one hundred and forty feet in length by one hundred and twenty in width, and three stories in height) is used for experimental purposes and the general needs of practical agriculture. The large basement contains a covered yard and accommodations for the dairy cows, thirty in number, besides a cellar for roots and a place for cattle scales, the steam boiler and the engine. The second floor is largely devoted to accommodations for wagons, carriages, farm implements, and rooms for the purpose of administration. The third story contains the stationary thresher, the chaffer, the grain, straw and hay. and the sheep pens. The Dairy House, an independent structure not far from the North Barn, is a wooden building two stories high, and fitted with accommodations for the making of butter and cheese by the most approved modern methods. The building is constructed with special reference to securing the most even temperature and the most perfect ventilation. Its equipment embraces a steam boiler, an engine, two creamers, and other modern appliances for the manufacture of butter and cheese. THE UNIVERSITY GARDENS. About thirty acres are devoted to gardens and orchards. The area presents a great variety of soils and exposures. There are now growing upon this area over fifty varieties of apples, over fifty of grapes, and many kinds of plums, cherries, peaches, apricots, mulberries, currants, gooseberries, raspberries, blackberries, strawberries, and many miscellaneous fruits, as almonds, nectarines, figs, service berries, and edible nuts. A large portion of the grounds is devoted to illustrative and experimental vegetable gardening in great variety. A dwarf pear orchard of 300 trees occupies a commanding site. Two steam heated forcing-houses, each 20 by 60 feet, with their adjuncts, belong to the horticultural department, and a garden-house, with MATERIAL EQUIPMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY. 56 work-rooms, office, arid photographic rooms, is attached. A mushroom pit is connected with the forcing-house. The South Barn (eighty feet long by sixty wide, and three stories high) is now used by the department, and contains, aside from stables, a large graftingroom, tool-room, and rooms for the storing of vegetables. A portion of the ground adjoining the forcing-house is used for specimen plots. ATHLETICS. The Cornell Athletic Association, composed of representatives from the trustees, faculty, and student athletic organizations, was incorporated in June. 18S9. A standing committee on athletics, including the faculty members of the association, has also been appointed from the faculty. It is hoped that the cooperation of these various interests, and the existence of a permanent organization may tend to produce a greater steadiness in the management of athletics, and permit of some contiuuitv in the transmission of athletic methods and traditions. •r Through the generosity of friends of the University, the association has had placed at its disposal a field of about nine acres, situated on the north side of Fall Creek gorge, together with a sum of money sufficient for enclosing and grading the field properly, erecting a grand stand, and providing a suitable cinder track. The field, which is admirably adapted to the purpose, contains base-ball and foot-ball grounds, with additional space sufficient for lawn-tennis and other out-door sports. 1 ORGANIZATION OF DEPARTMENTS AND METHODS OF INSTRUCTION. ANCIENT CLASSICS. I. GRKKK. The courses of study in the department of Greek have been arranged with distinct reference to the fact that the ' ourse in Arts does not require the study of Greek after the sophomore year, and, furthermore, with reference to the principle, that the choice of this Course does not by any means imply an intention to specialize in Greek. In view of this it is clearly desirable to give to the Greek studies of the first two years such a form that they will satisfy some distinct purpose and represent in themselves some sort of completeness. The work of the freshman year is directed toward cultivating the ability of reading easily and at sight. Authors of the simplest style have therefore been selected, Lysias and Plato as representatives of the purest Attic type, and the Odyssey of Homer of the Epic. The first term of the year will include in connection with the reading of Lysias and Plato, a thorough review-drill in the fundamentals of accidence and syntax, and exercises in Greek composition will be required throughout the year. The class will be divided 011 the basis of scholarship into two numerically equal sections at the beginning of each term. The required work of the sophomore year aims at giving the student some acquaintance with the scope and meaning of Greek literature and with the characteristics of Greek thought. It couples with the study of representative masterpieces of Athenian literature a course of text-book study, lectures, and illustrative readings briefly reviewing in outline the history of the Greek literature. The elective work of the department falls under three distinct heads : 1. The literature. Six reading courses accompanied by lectures are offered, three of which are given each year ; viz., a course in the drama, a course in the historians and orators, a course in the philosophers, a course in the lyric and epic poets, a course in New Testament Greek, and a course in the Greek of the Roman period. % 58 ORG ANIZA TION OF DEPARTMENTS AND 2. The antiquities. Course 7 treats of the entire equipment and environment of ancient Greek life as made known to us in the literature and from the monuments, its usages and occupations, its ideas and institutions. 3. The language. Lectures 011 Greek grammar from a historical point of view are given in alternate years. The exercises of the philological seminary are especially adapted to the needs of prospective t e a c h e r s of the classics, and introduce the student to the original souroes of information concerning the language and its history, and accustom him to m e t h o d s of independent investigation. The feemiliary-rooin h is been equipped with a carefully selected reference library of over six h u n d r e d volumes, and will be used as a regular study-room ami laboratory by the more advanced students. A c o u r s e in elementary Greek has been added for the advantage of 11011-Greek students, who for any reason, may have found it, though late in their college course, desirable to acquire at least a rudimentary knowledge of the language, and are willing to incur the labor incident to doing two years work in one. The acknowledged purpose of the c o u r s e is to attain within one year of extraordinary effort a reading knowledge of Attic prose, and all other objects are made secondary to this. The course cannot be used to make up conditions in the entrance examinations, it cannot be counted for graduation in the Course in Arts, and it cannot, without much additional study, serve as a preparation for the entrance examination. II. LATIN. The aim of the work in Latin covers several distinct heads : 1. To teach students of fair ability and of industry to read Latin understandingly and rapidly, without translating. 2. To give to students who acquire this power the opportunity of making a considerable acquaintance with the literature of the language, through the reading of large quantities of the important writers ; with the history of the development of the literature, through a brief course given in the sophomore year, and a more detailed study in connection with the authors read in the later years ; and with the political and social development of the Roman people, through the required course in history in the freshman year (see History 1), and in the last years, the collateral reading of history in greater detail in connection with the reading of Roman writers. 3. T o afford a more thorough and sympathetic knowledge of Roman private life than the courses in the literature alone would give, through * METHODS OF INSTRUCTION. 59 systematic lectures, illustrated abundantly, mainly by lantern views and photographs, from the remains of Roman civilization preserved in Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Rome, and elsewhere. 4. To offer to students whose interest extends to the scientific aspects 6f the language (and especially to those who are preparing to be teachers) advanced courses, partly bv lectures, and partly bv work in the seminary, in tracing the development of the forms from the earliest stage of the language known to us, in the study of these forms from a comparative point of view, and in the advanced study of the origin and development of the syntactical uses of the language, and of the beginnings of their decay. III. COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY. The work in comparative philology is planned with reference to the needs: first, of the general student with linguistic ir.terests; second, of those proposing to be teachers of language, and more especially, of the classical languages ; third, of those who propose to devote themselves to the special scientific study of the Indo-European languages. To the first mentioned class of students course ; is especially adapted. For those who propose to be teachers of other than the c l a s s i c a l languages the course in comparative grammar is recommended in addition to course 1. The courses on Greek and I.atin grammar, and the seminary work on the Greek dialects are of the first importance for prospective teachers of the classics, and for such work a prelimary study of the elements of Sanskrit is considered eminently desirable, though not absolutely essential. For such as may wish to devote themselves exclusively to the study of comparative philology, there will be offered, as occasion may demand, in addition to the courses already announced, a more advanced course in Sanskrit, and special courses iu the comparative grammar of other branches of the IndoEuropean family of languages. The course in Gothic grammar is intended both for students of comparative philology and for specialists in Germanic, including English, philology. GERMANIC LANGUAGES. The aitn of the first two years in German, besides preparing the student for progressive and independent work, is to afford those who have not a full classical training some grammatical and linguistic discipline, an insight into the relations between German and English, and a certain degree of literary culture. 6o ORG A NIZA TION OF DEPARTMENTS AND During the freshman year Brandt's Grammar and Reader are used, accompanied by exercises in writing German, and translation at sight,' and followed by some special work, containing easy novels or plays. In the sophomore year the standard German classics are translated and special attention is paid to the study of etymology, to prose composition, to reading at sight, and to literary biography. During the junior and senior years occur lectures and recitations, with elective classes, on German history, literature, and mythology; ami courses are given varying from year to year, embracing the works of the leading authors. Classes are also formed in composition and conversation, and recent dramatic literature and the writings of living novelists arc read. Instruction is further provided in Middle High German and the older Germanic dialects. The seminary system of study for advanced students has been employed in the department for several years with satisfactory results. To different members of such classes different portions of the same general subject are assigned, with references to the proper authorities or sources ; or individual members pursue individual courses of reading under the supervision of the professor in charge. Lectures for those intending to be teachers are also given on class-room methods and theories of instruction in the modern languages ; and generous provision has been made by the University for the use of lantern slides for illustrative purposes. ROMANCE LANGUAGES. Instruction in French during the first year is essentially the same for all courfees. It is expected that students in the technical courses, who take but one year of French, will be enabled to read ordinary French scientific works and the French text-books which may be used in their courses. In the second year the object of study is more literary than grammatical; two hours a week are devoted to reading advanced French and the study of the history of the literature, with special reference to its principal schools or movements. One hour a week is given up to French composition, dictation, and pronunciation. The instruction in the department is so planned that a student who pursues French for three or four years has an opportunity to study every period in French literature from the mediaeval to the modern. Special instruction is also provided for graduates and other advanced students in French philology, Old-French, and Provenpal. The courses in Spanish and Italian are of two years each, two hours a week. The grammar is rapidly studied the first term, and reading METHODS OF INSTRUCTION. 61 begun in the second. In the second year more advanced works in Spanish and Italian are read ; in the former Cervantes and Calderon ; in the latter, selections from Dante, Petrarch and Boccaccio, with lectures 011 the history of the literature. Advanced instruction is given iu Spanish and Italian p h i l o l o g y . T h e library is well provided with materials for the special study of the literature of the X V I 1th century and of the R o m a n t i c school, while means are not wanting for the study of other periods, and of the other Romance literatures and philology. ENGLISH. I. RHKTORIC. T h e instruction given in the first two years is chiefly practical. It aims at training students to express themselves clearly and concisely, and with discrimination in the use of terms. Text-book work is supplemented by lectures and discussions. Special attention is given to the construction of the paragraph and the theme. T h e greater part of the work in these two years consists in the preparation of brief essays upon topics assigned by the instructor. Each essay is read and criticised privately with the writer. Instruction is thus adapted to the needs of the individual student. T h e Rhetoric of the j u n i o r and senior years is more literary and hi&torical in its nature. It aims at tracing the formation ami development of English style, chiefly prose, b e g i n n i n g with the Elizabethan period. T h e relations between English style and classic and modern continental theories are touched upon. In the senior year some one group of authors (varying from year to year) is read critically, with a view to ascertaining and formulating stylistic characteristics. Iu both years much collateral readiug is required, aud in the senior y e a r some original research, to be embodied in theses. T h e s e theses are criticised in class and become the property of the department, to be used as the basis of subsequent investigation. It may be observed that the j u n i o r and senior classes, w h i l e open to all properly qualified students, are planned with direct reference to ' such as are aiming at specific literary culture. II. PHILOLOGY. T h e aim of this course is to train both undergraduate and graduate students m the methods of philological science as applied to E n g l i s h . T h e E n g l i s h l a n g u a g e is studied in its historic evolution, from the 6o ORG A NIZA TION OF DEPARTMENTS AND earliest recorded monuments down to and including Chaucer. Stress is laid upon the relations between E n g l i s h and the cognate languages of the continent. Students are expected to pursue the University courses in Gothic and in Old and Middle High German. In the seminary each member is required to follow throughout the year some line of original research and embody the results in a thesis, which becomes the property of the department. III. ELOCUTION AND ORATORY. In the junior year, the first term is devoted to the study of Mandevillc's E l e m e n t s of Reading and Oratory, to special work in vocal gymnastics, ami to exercises in articulation and enunciation. The second and third terms are devoted to the practical application of the elements of reading and oratory, and to instruction in general delivery. . r In the senior year, each student electing the work is required to write oration*, as the professor may d i r e c t E a c h oration is read and criticised with the writer, who is then instructed as to its proper delivery. T o give the students experience before audiences, there are w e e k l y oratorical exercises, which are open to all students and visitors w h o mav wish to attend. IV. ENGLISH LITERATURE. In the sophomore year a general survey is made of English Prose through Minto's " Manual of Prose Literature," which is supplemented, ill various respects, by the talks of the instructor. In the j u n i o r and senior years lectures are given on English Literature, from the fourteenth to the nineteenth century, inclusive, the principal courses, or groups, being, I. On WyclifFe; the Vision of W i l l i a m concerning Piers Plowman; Cliaucer ; and Gower. 2. On Shakespeare. T h i s embraces about forty lectures, which are specially devoted to the dramatic art, the action, and the moral proportion of about fifteen plays, representing the poet's early, middle, and late work. Additional lectures are given 011 Shakespearian bibliography, and 011 the language-shaping of the p l a y s as a chronological test. In connection with the latter subject, several lectures are given on the aesthetics of E n g l i s h verse, in which analyses are presented of the most important poetical forms from Chaucer to T e n n y s o n . Corson's " Introduction to the study of Shakespeare " is used as the basis of the w o r k done throughout this course, the appended " E x a m i n a t i o n Q u e s t i o n s " affording subjects which will be assigned, from time to COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. 63 time, for treatment by the student. This work and Dowden's " Primer" all students are required to have. 3. On Milton's poetical and prose works. 4. On the drama of the Restoration, and on the subsequent drama to Goldsmith and Sheridan. This course includes a special treatment of Dryden, as the central literary figure of the period, and of the " Collier Controversy.'' 5. On Pope and the principal contemporary poets and prose writers. 6. On the Revival in English Poetry ; the Ossian controversy ; Bishop Percy 's Reliques of Ancient English Poetry; Burns; Cowper. 7. Wordsworth's protest against the artificial school of Pope ; the Lyrical Ballads ; the influences of the French Revolution upon the English Literature of the period ; the poetry of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley, and Byron, and its relation to the French Revolution. 8. The reaction against the revolutionary spirit, first distinctly indicated in " P o e m s chiefly Lyrical," by Alfred Tennyson, 1830 ; the poetry of Tennyson, the Brownings, Rossetti, and Matthew Arnold, and that of their several disciples. It is made a leading purpose in these lectures to present the literature, in its essential character, rather than in its historical, though the latter receives attention, but not such as to set the minds of students especially in that direction. It is considered all important that students should first attain to a sympathetic appreciation of what is essential and intrinsic, before the adventitious features of literature—features due to time and place—be considered. Much importance is attached to the vocal interpretation of literature ; as students are by this means brought into a more sympathetic appreciation of the subtler elements of poetry and impassioned prose. To this end a course of readings from the great poets and dramatists and prose writers is given, at intervals, during the year. These readings are given in the evening, iu the Botanical Lecture Room, Sage College, and are open to all students and others who may wish to avail themselves of them. Seminary Work.—T\iz literary seminary, to which only seniors, in good standing in the regular literary work, and graduate students, are admitted, is confined to prose authors. Certain classical works are assigned by the instructor, as subjects of study, from which each student makes a selection. This he studies carefully, first, in its essential, intrinsic character, and, secondly, in its accidental and historical character, and afterwards embodies the result of his studies in a paper, which is read in the Seminary, and discussed by the several members, each member having been required to read, in advance, the work in question. 64 ORGANIZE TION OF DEPARTMENTS AND PHILOSOPHY T h e study of philosophy begins in the sophomore year, with a prescribed course of t w o hours a week in psychology and logic, t h r o u g h o u t 4.he year. Thereafter the work is altogether elective. In the j u n i o r y e a r there is offered a three hour course on e t h i c s ; and there will be offered n e x t year a three hour course on the history of philosophy, and a course on post-Kantian German philosophy. For seniors and graduates w h o have completed these courses, there is a course in the philosophy of K a n t , and a course on metaphysics. During the Winter term there will also be given a general course, open to all students, on the philosophy and history of religion. A more detailed characterization o f these courses will be found under " C o u r s e s of Instruction." T h e department is manned by a professor and an instructor. It has a seminary-room (with chairs, tables, and a select collection of books), reserved for the exclusive use of advanced students (seniors and graduates), w h o are engaged in investigation and writing. T h e library contains complete sets of the leading American, English, French, and G e r m a n philosophical periodicals. THE SCIENCE AND ART OF TEACHING. Believing that a need exists for more thoroughly equipped teachers iu our higher educational institutions, the University has made provision for supplying this want, both by the establishment of a professorship of the science and art of teaching, and by such additions to some of the chief lines of university study as seem best adapted to fit students to teach them successfully. T h e lectures of the Professor of T e a c h i n g are given in two courses, each of which continues a y e a r : 1. A course of three hours a week on -the general theory of education, the art of instruction with its application to various branches, and the organization, management, and administration of schools; 2. A course of two hours a week 011 the history of education, with a discussion of the views of e m i n e n t writers on education. T h e lectures are supplemented by conferences for the discussion of educational topics, for the special investigation of important educational questions, and for reports on visits to s c h o o l s ; and, to students who have completed either of the courses mentioned above, there is offered a seminary for the examination of some advanced German work on pedagogy. Arrangements h a v e also been made in several departments o f the METHODS OF INSTRUCTION. 65 University, by special classes and b y seminaries, to g i v e extended instruction to those w h o intend to teach, in the best methods of presenting the branches of study to which these departments are devoted. Certificates of scholarly fitness to teach, will, upon application on or before June 1, be given to such graduates as have successfully pursued the course of the Professor o f T e a c h i n g , numbered ( i ) ubove, or that portion of it which relates to the general theory of education, together with the course on the history of education, and have besides attained marked proficiency in at least five hours of advanced work for two years, in each subject for which the Teacher's Certificate is given, in such courses as offer five or more hours of such work. HISTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE. Instruction in history and political science has three distinct purposes in view. T h e first is to furnish the general information that is necessary for intelligent citizenship ; the second to give such training as will be valuable to students intending to g o into the profession of the law, into journalism, into the civil service, or into active political life; and the third to provide for such special and advanced training as will qualify students for higher degrees and for the subsequent teaching of history and political science as a profession. T h e first of these ends is sought by means of text-books, examinations, and lectures ; the second and third by means of lectures, examinations, and the careful investigation of special subjects carried 011 in the seminaries of history and political science. In General History the courses (all of one year each), offer facilities for a comprehensive and somewhat careful study of the whole period from the beginning of Greek civilization to the present time. A course of two hours a week is devoted to the social and political history of Greece and Rome. T h i s course can be followed in the sophomore y e a r by a course of three hours a week on European history, from Constantine to the Renaissance, and this in turn iu the j u n i o r y e a r by one of three hours a week 011 tli2 period from the Renaissance to the French Revolution. In the senior y e a r students m a y appropriately take the course of three hours on the period from the F r e n c h Revolution to the Franco-German W a r of 1870. E n g l i s h History is represented b y two courses, one on the political and social development of E n g l a n d , and one on the development of E n g l i s h constitutional history and constitutional law. In American History are two principal courses: the one, o f three hours a w e e k , and e x t e n d i n g through t w o years, devoted to the general history of our c o u n t r y — 5 .66 ORG A NIZA TION OF DEPAR TMENTS AND -social, political, and intellectual—from tlie earliest colonial settlements -down to the end of the war for the union ; the other, of two hours a w e e k , and e x t e n d i n g through one year, devoted to the development •of American constitutional principles and practice during the colonial, revolutionary, and national periods. Seminaries in general history, -as w e l l as in the history of E n g l a n d and of America, are organized for the prosecution of advanced work. In Political E c o n o m y provision is made for the following courses: a general course of three hours a week in the elements of political economy ; an advanced course of two hours on unsettled problems in political economy and finance ; a course of one hour on the history of tariff legislation ; a seminary of two hours for the examination of special problems. After the present year additional courses on the historical development of different economic and financial systems may be expected. Within the wider scope of Political Science, the following are given, v i z . : a course of two hours a week on the history of political and municipal institutions ; a course of one hour a week on international law and d i p l o m a c y ; a course of one hour a week on the literature of political science, and a course of one hour a week on the leading principles of Roman law. The advanced courses offer special facilities for graduate students of this and of oiher universities. No course of study in History and Political Science is laid down; but the various courses offered in the list of Courses of Instruction are open to election by all candidates for the degrees of Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Philosophy, Bochelor of Letters, or Bachelor of Science; and students in the course in Philosophy who, in the last two years, elect continuously not less than nine hours in history and political # science may receive the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy in History and Political Science. Candidates for either of these degrees desiring to m a k e a specialty of historical studies, are advised to elect from the more elementary courses in the sophomore year. In the junior and senior years, as nearly all studies are purely elective, there is ample J opportunity for selecting the work that may be desired. Graduate studies may be carried on with advantage during two years | after the baccalaureate degree is taken. T h e general seminary-room contains some three thousand v o l u m e s of works selected with special reference to the needs of advanced students of history and political science, and this room is open to such students from nine o'clock in the m o r n i n g to the same hour at n i g h t T h e alcoves of the General Library, which is specially rich in historical literature, are also freely accessible to this class of students, whenever t h e y are carrying on in- METHODS OF INSTRUCTION\ 67 vestigations in special subjects. T h e W h i t e Library o f History, containing about thirty thousand volumes and ten thousand pamphlets, though not yet placed in one of the University buildings, is, for the most part, upon the University grounds, and through the carefully prepared catalogue kept in the University Library, is made available to all advanced students. T h e number of professors and other teachers devoted to this w o r k , the character and range of the instruction given, as well as the facilities offered by the seminaries and libraries, afford peculiarly favorable opportunities for the prosecution of a thorough and comprehensive course of historical training. MATHEMATICS AND ASTRONOMY. < The instruction offered by this department is directed toward three e n d s : (1) to aid in developing certain powers and habits needed by every true student and good citizen ; namely, of sustained, exact, candid, independent reasoning, even when the subject-matter becomes general or abstract; of imagination, to grasp as a whole a c o m p l e x geometric or other concept, or an extended scheme of t h o u g h t ; of applying theory to practical problems ; and of precision and clearness in stating one's own convictions and the grounds of them ; (2) to present the fundamental relations of space, number and sequence, and the structure of the system of worlds, in which we live ; (3) to meet the special needs of students doing the higher technical and scientific work, and of those intending to be teachers and investigators in mathematics and mathematical physics. It is hoped that the courses offered give enough in each of the c h i e f brauches of pure mathematics, and in some of the applications, to exhibit the fundamental ideas and characteristics of each branch, and to meet its fundamental difficulties ; so that the student's further studies may not require a teacher. This is the more desirable, as the educational uses of these various lines of study differ somewhat in kind ; but it sometimes requires that, to save time, problems collateral to those examined be deferred until the w h o l e shall come to be reviewed, or until later studies, at the University or elsewhere, shall call for them or throw new l i g h t upon them. In presenting the different topics, the endeavor is to cultivate the powers of insight, j u d g m e n t , and origination, rather than to rely v e r y much upon memory. Attention is given to the criticism and choice of methods, and to the detection of their m o t i v e s ; and the methods most naturally suggested by general considerations are oftenest preferred. » 68 ORGANIZA TION OF DEPARTMENTS AND Students are encouraged to t h i n k both with and without the aid of s y m b o l i c language ; to g i v e concrete interpretations of important steps as well as of results ; and, on the other hand, to see how far the symbols with their laws of combination can be separated from the particular subject-matters, and to m a k e free use of symbolic methods. PI KE MATHEMATICS. T h e courses prescribed, iti w h o l e or in part, for all candidates for baccalaureate degrees comprise a y e »r of solid geometry, algebra, and trigonometry, and a year of analytic geometry and calculus ; making up about the usual c o l l e g e curriculum of pure mathematics. These are supplemented by problems in geometry, algebra, and trigonometry i elective, two hours a w e e k ) ; and by the elective advanced work in algebra, including determinants, imaginaries, and theory of equations ( t w o hours), in trigonometry (one hour), iu plane and solid analytic geometry (three hours), and in calculus (six hours); thus forming a tolerably full course in these subjects, which a good student can complete before c o m m e n c i n g his senior year, and which gives a good preparation for most of the courses that follow. A m o n g the books used in the elective work are Burnside and Panton's Theory of Equations, Todhunter's and C a s e y ' s Plane Trigonometry, Salmon's Conic Sections, ami selections from his Higher Plane Curves and Analytic Geometry of T h r e e Dimensions, Williamson's Calculus, and (for reference) Bertrand's Coletil. Related to the above work from Salmon are two other courses, of three hours each, viz.: (a) a course in synthetic geometry, which gives the theories of transversals, of reciprocal polars, and of projection, thus s h o w i n g the fundamental distinction between graphic and metric g e o m e t r y , with the poiut-and-plane dualism that runs through the former, and training the imagination to see by ordinary perspective the chief properties of all conic sections in those of the circle ; (£) a course in quantics, including the theories of elimination, of canonical forms, and of such relations a m o n g functions or values as persist w h e n variables are linearly transformed or the corresponding geometric figures are deformed as by perspective. T w o principal lines of further calculus study are offered, each of t h e m for three hours a w e e k , and sometimes running through two * years, viz.: differential equations, and the theory of functions. Perhaps the first o f these is specially important as an introduction to the h i g h e r physical applications of calculus ; and the second as l e a d i n g ' ] u p to some of the largest of modern analytical concepts. T h e work at METHODS OF INSTRUCTION. 69 first is based upon the treatises of Forsyth, and of Briot and Bouquet, respectively. For the sake of the practical applications, there is instruction in finite differences or in spherical harmonics and the potential function, usually in alternate years. T h e elements of vector analysis, or of non-Euclidean and hyper-geometry, or of probabilities and least squares with sociological applications, including some recent work of Galton, are also usually taught if desired. In either of these subjects, the lectures are two a week. ASTRONOMY AND CELESTIAL MECHANICS. There is yearly a three-hour course in descriptive and physical astronomy ; and in alternate years one in celestial mechanics. T h e first course considers the phenomena of the heavenly bodies and their probable conditions ami histories; the class investigating for themselves various questions bearing upon these points. T h e second course deals mainly with the figures of the planets, the tides, the elliptic motion and perturbations; the latter being treated geometrically as well as by the usual analytic method. Neither course takes up practical astronomy, which is taught by the college of civil engineering. MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS. T h e work in mathematical physics is arranged as a continuous course, occupying at least two years ; but it may be taken either in whole or part, and some of the subjects may be simultaneous. It includes : (1) preliminary work in statics, in the theory o f strains and stresses, and in general dynamical principles, with special reference to the motion of a vibrating system ; (2) applications to the mathematical theory of sound and of l i g h t ; (3) a course in molecular dynamics based on Sir William T h o m s o n ' s Baltimore lectures, given by one w h o reported them, and, with the lecturer, prepared them for the press ; (4) a course in the mathematical theory o f electricity and magnetism based on Maxwell's text-book. SEMINARY WORK, ESSAYS, FACILITIES. An inquiry into the powers e m p l o y e d and the objects to be s o u g h t in the study of mathematics, and into t h e best w a y s of securing those objects in teaching, is conducted b y lectures a n d discussions iu a weekly seminary. Besides the theses for graduation, provision is made for the writing and criticism o f mathematical essays, in order to cultivate a neat and 70 ORG A NIZA TION OF DEPAR TMENTS AND clear style o f mathematical writing, and, as far as may be, to stimulate originality. In preparing essays and theses, students are encouraged to follow u p special inquiries bv aid of the University Library, which now contains some five thousand volumes oil mathematics and the allied sciences, including m a n y of the most important mathematical journals, and transactions of manv scientific Societies. Informal weekly meetings are held for the purpose of discussing the chief articles of interest iu such periodicals, in order to keep abreast, as far as possible, with the current mathematical literature. A collection of models is also begun, which will be very useful in the study of surfaces, of functions, and of hyper-geometry. PHYSICS. LECTURE C O U R S E S IN E L E M E N T A R Y PHYSICS. T h e instruction in the elements of Physics is by means of lectures given twice a week throughout the year. In these lectures the general laws of mechanics and heat, electricity and magnetism, and acoustics and optics, are presented. T h e very large collection of lectureroom apparatus possessed by the department, makes it possible to give experimental demonstrations of all important phenomena. The course of lectures is supplemented by w e e k l y recitations, for which purpose the class is divided into sections of about twenty members each. T w o courses are given, one of which is intended for students in Science and L e t t e r s ; the other for-students in the various technical courses. T h e ground covered in these courses is essentially the same, but the methods of treatment differ, being adapted iu each case to the needs and previous training of the class of students for which the course is designed. T h e successful completion of the freshman mathematics is in all cases a prerequisite for admission to these courses. COURSES OF L A B O R A T O R Y INSTRUCTION. T h e first year of laboratory work is devoted to the experimental verification of physical formulae, to practice in the use of instruments of precision and to the attainment of some k n o w l e d g e of the simpler methods of physical manipulation. In Mechanics, the student is taught the proper use of the microscope and of various forms of the micrometer, cathetometer, dividing engine, comparator, analytical balance, and chronograph ; and of METHODS OF INSTRUCTION. 71 other instruments for the measurement of length, mass, and time. In Heat the course includes methods o f testing thermometers, the use of the calorimeter and thermopile, and practice determinations, b y various methods, of melting and boiling points, of specific heat and the heat of fusion and vaporization. In Optics the elementary laboratory instiuction embraces the use of the spectroscope and spectrometer, the determination of wave-lengths, the measurement of lenses and prisms, and of indices of refraction ; together with a variety of other experiments calculated to familiarize the student with the fundamental principles of the subject. In Electricity the work consists of the adjustment and calibration of galvanometers, of the verification of the principles upon which the measurements of current, electromotive force and resistance are based, the use of the electrometer, and the performance of such other experiments as offer the best preparation for advanced work in electricity. In Magnetism practice determinations are made of the magnetic dip and of the horizontal intensity and variations iu the direction ami intensity of the earth's magnetism ; and the student makes a preliminary study of the methods of measuring the magnetic field. Advanced students m a k e a more extended study of various physical constants. T h e y learn the use of standard instruments, m a k e electrical and magnetic determinations in absolute measure, test the efficiency and determine the characteristics of d y n a m o machines. T h e opportunities afforded for advanced work in electricity are unusual. Every encouragement is offered to advanced students for the carrying 011 of original investigations, and every opportunity is taken to stimulate a spirit of scientific inquiry. Courses of reading are suggested to such students, in connection with their experimental work ; and they are brought together informally at frequent intervals for the discussion of topics of scientific interest. It is the aim of the department to furnish every possible facility for research in physics on the part of students qualified to do original work. * CHEMISTRY. I. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY. T h e elements of general chemistry are taught b y a course of lectures, accompanied by recitations from the text-book, designed to g i v e an outline o f the principles of the science, and to m a k e the student familiar with the most important compounds o f the common elements. In the recitations, a large part of the time is g i v e n to the writing of 72 ORGANIZA TION OF DEPARTMENTS AND reactions and the w o r k i n g of chemical problems. In addition to this course, students w h o propose to pursue subsequently the study of analytical chemistry are required to perform in the laboratory an extended series o f simple experiments, illustrating the principles discussed in the lectures ; they are thus brought into close contact with the phenomena to be studied, and the impression produced is greatly deepened. In the following year, a course of lectures on advanced inorganic chemistry is given, which is open to all students who have successfully completed the elementary course. In these lectures the subject is treated on the basis of the periodic law, and by more extended study and comparison of typical compounds, and full experimental illustration, the relation between the different groups of elements is brought out more clearly than is possible in the first year. II. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. T h e general subject of organic chemistry is taught by a course of lectures, recitations, and laboratory practice, extending through one year. T h e theoretical basis of the study is made as thorough as possible, while the full illustration of the lectures by specimens, and constant laboratory practice in the preparation and purification of typical compounds, prevent the study from becoming an abstract exercise of m e m o r y . On the completion of the first year, the subject of organic chemistry is continued by a course of lectures on special branches of the subject, and further laboratory practice in the preparation of specimens for the museum, and in following out reactions of particular interest, in the course o f which constant reference is made to original papers published in the leading French and German periodicals. As soon as the necessary proficiency in manipulation and theoretical k n o w l e d g e is attained, the student is given every encouragement to devote himself to original investigation, for w h i c h organic chemistry offers an especially promising field. III. THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY. The theoretical chemistry, which is naturally given to some extent in connection with the instruction in inorganic and organic chemistry, as above described, is supplemented by a course of lectures with correlative reading iu chemical philosophy, including the history of chemical theory and physical chemistry. To the more advanced students, especially such as wish to make teaching their profession, the opportunity will be given for laboratory work on some of the lines COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. 73 that have been followed in recent times in the establishment of c h e m ical principles. IV. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. Elementary Qualitative Analysis.—The course in elementary qualitative analysis occupies about one and a h a l f terms of seven hours a week of actual practice, the work in the laboratory being supplemented by lectures and recitations. It is the purpose of this class-room w o r k — o f which practice in writing chemical equations explanatory of the operations and reactions of the actual analytical work forms an important feature—to give the student some acquaintance with the chemical principles upon which that work is based, so that he may carry it out more intelligently and successfully than if he only mechanically followed the directions in the text-book. This course being completed, those who intend to m a k e a special study of chemistry are required to take a supplementary qualitative course, for the purpose of m a k i n g their k n o w l e d g e of the subject more complete, before passing 011 to more advanced work in the quantitative laboratory. Elementary Quantitative Analysis.—This course extends for all students through at least one and a half terms of ten hours of actual practice, and comprises a small number of simple gravimetric and volumetric determinations, together with some required study of the chemistry of the operations involved. Beyond this the work of each student is adapted to the particular purpose for w hicli it is taken, as follows: In Agricultural Chemistry.—Practice in the analysis of fertilizers and feeding materials, of foods, of dairy products, and of waters used for the household. In Engineering Chemistry.—The student in the course of Mechanical Engineering may, if be can give more time to chemical practice than is prescribed for his course, work on the analysis of iron and steel, and of other materials used in the mechanic arts. In Medical Chemistry.—For students in the Medical Preparatory course practice in the analysis of urine, m i l k , and d r i n k i n g water, in the separation of mineral and vegetable poisons from animal matter, and their identification, and the assay of medicinal preparations. In Pharmaceutical Chemistry.—For students in the S c h o o l o f Pharmacy practice in all kinds of analysis mentioned in the preceding course, and also in the assay of the crude materials used in the manufacture of drugs and medicinal preparations. In Sanitary Chemistry.—For the student of sanitary science prac- v 74 ORG A NIZA TION OF DEPARTMENTS AND tice in the examination of drinking water, of air (in connection with the study of the ventilation of rooms), of illuminating oils, and the detection of injurious adulterations of foods and beverages, or the inj u r i o u s qualities of other articles iu common use. The Full Course in Quantitative Analysis in the Wet Way.—The student in the course in Chemistry, besides t a k i n g all work above mentioned, is drilled also iu the methods of analysis of ores, the useful metals in their commercial condition—especially iron and steel — o f alloys, and of gaseous mixtures ; in the use of the polariscope and spectroscope, so far as they can be profitably applied in chemical analysis, the analysis of technical products, the examination of articles of foot I and drink for adulterations of commercial as well as sanitary significance, etc. T o these students lectures are given 011 the recent literature of chemical a n a l y s i s ; and readings are held in German chemical journals, for the purpose of g i v i n g such a familiarity with technical German that the abundant and important literature of the subject in that language can be consulted with facility. Assaying. — A short course in assaying is offered, open only to students who have studied quantitative analysis, in which practice is given in the sampling and assay of ores of lead, silver and gold, and in the assay of gold and silver bullion. A special laboratory, occupying part of the Chemical A n n e x , is reserved for this work, and is fully equipped with all necessary furnaces and tools. V. APPMKD CHEMISTRY. T h i s subject is taught bv a course of lectures, continuing throughout the year, 011 the principles of chemical manufacture and the important chemical industries. T h e course is supplemented and continued by special work in the analytical and organic laboratories, by w h i c h the student is trained iu the special determinations and operations of the particular industry to w h i c h he m a y iu end to devote himself. VI. METALLURGY. D u r i n g the winter term of the j u n i o r year three lectures a week are devoted to metallurgy. These lectures are intended to give the students in the technical courses a general idea of fuels, ores and the most important methods of extracting the metals which are especially used in construction, the metallurgy of iron naturally claiming the most attention. F o r description of the chemical laboratories, museum, and equipment, see " M a t e r i a l E q u i p m e n t . " METHODS OF INSTRUCTION. 75 NATURAL HISTORY. This title embraces Botany (including horticulture and arboriculture) ; Geology (including paleontology and m i n e r a l o g y ) ; Invertebrate Zoology (including e n t o m o l o g y ) ; Vertebrate Zoology (including physiology and hygiene, human and comparative anatomy, histology and embryology). Veterinary Science is presented under Agriculture. Collectively, the branches named above form a large part of the fouryear course, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Natural History, which is specially adapted to those who intend to become teachers or investigators of natural history, or to pursue the study of medicine. The University lavs special stress on the desirability of thorough studies in natural history as a preliminary to the study of medicine. Accordingly, a special course k n o w n as " T h e T w o - Y e a r Course Preparatory to the Study of M e d i c i n e " is provided for those w h o desire such preparatory work, but for some reason are unable to take the full course of four years. Nearly all the branches in natural history are required in the course in Agriculture. In all the general courses physiology is a prerequisite to psychology ; course I iu botany is required in the courses leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Science and Civil Engineer. In the courses in Architecture and Civil E n g i n e e r i n g , g e o l o g y and mineralogy are also required. The instruction in the branches named above is either general {e.g., courses I in botany, physiology, and invertebrate zoology, and 2 in geology), or special {e. g., course 9 in botany, fungi ; course 4 in g e o l o g y , historical paleontology ; course 3 in entomology ; and course 3 in vertebrate zoology, the morphology of the brain). T h e special courses consist largely, or in some cases w h o l l y , of laboratory practice. T h e general courses are abundantly illustrated by specimens, diagrams and experiments, and include practical exercises of the class in sections. The natural history instruction, as a whole, is therefore eminently direct, objective, and practical. I. BOTANY. In this department are offered eleven different courses, some of them, however, in alternate years. T h e general and introductory course (1), and the introductory laboratory course (2), are required as preparatory to all the other courses. These latter present the following subjects : systematic and economic b o t a n y ; arboriculture; e x o t i c s ; plant phys- 76 ORGANIZATION OF DEPARTMENTS AND i o l o g y ; histology of p l a n t s ; h i g h e r c r y p t o g a m s ; f u n g i ; special advanced work on phaenogams and cryptogams. T h e herbarium, the collections, the spacious green-houses and the very rich flora native to the region about Ithaca should be mentioned as an important part of the means for successfully carrying 011 botanical studies. T h e s e are more fully described in connection with the botanical museum and laboratory. II. GEOLOGY. T h e instruction in g e o l o g y is arranged so that students wishing to m a k e a thorough study of the subject may take the courses 1, 2, 3, or I, 2, 4, in order, according as they m a k e a special study of the mineral ogical or the biological aspects of the subject. These courses occupy the first year. A second year of advanced study is afforded in courses 5, 6, 7, and 10. Course 1, occupying three hours in the fall term, comprises two hours w e e k l y devoted to the study and determination of about 120 species of commoner minerals, of rocks, and one hour w e e k l y of blowpipe practice and determinations, the latter being, so far as is possible, parallel with the former. Course 2, of three hours iu the winter term, treats of dynamical and historical geology, and leads naturally either to course 4, which discusses the development of forms of life, or to course 3, which deals with the material resources of the country, and prepares for the subsequent study of metallurgy. Courses 1, 2, and 3 are required of students in Civil Engineering, and courses S and 9 of students in Architecture. T h e advanced courses, 5, 6, 7, and 10, afford opportunities for those h a v i n g had the first year, or its equivalent, to pursue advanced work, leading to original investigations. On the biological side the department is equipped with complete and carefully arranged study collections, and the large collection in the museum, to which access may be had. O11 the mineralogical side the work includes study in the advanced study collection of minerals, in measuring and drawing crystals, and work in the microscopic study o f thin sections of the massive and metamorphic rocks. T h e Silliman collection of minerals is made accessible iu an a d j o i n i n g room. Courses 8 and 9, for students of Architecture, comprise the study and determination of the minerals prominent in r o c k s ; o f the rocks themselves ; of the geological structure of the United States, and the distribution and character of its building materials. III. I N V E R T E B R A T E ZOOLOGY AND ENTOMOLOGY. T h e general course in invertebrate zoology, in the fall term, consiste o f two lectures a w e e k and one practical exercise, at w h i c h specimens METHODS OF INSTRUCTION. 77 and preparations of representative forms are e x a m i n e d b y the students, with the aid of compound microscopes w h e n necessary. A more special course in entomology occurs in the spring. During both of these terms there is laboratory practice in entomology and invertebrate zoology. An important feature of this department is the " S u m m e r Course iu Entomology and General Invertebrate Z o o l o g y , " consisting of lectures, field work and laboratory practice, at the season of the year most favorable for the study of insect life. Particular attention is paid to the habits of insects and their relations to agriculture ; and there are large series illustrating the life histories of interesting and economically important forms, in addition to the collections elsewhere described. IV. VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY. Under this department are offered two general and six special courses. T h e former a r e : I. Physiology, illustrated by painless experiments upon animals, and g i v i n g special reference to the structure and functions of the brain. 2. Zoology. In courses 1 and 2 one third of the exercises are practical, the students e x a m i n i n g under direction the viscera and the brain of the cat, the heart of the sheep, microscopic preparations of the various tissues, and alcoholic e x a m p l e s of representative vertebrates. Courses 4 and 5 consist of w e e k l y lectures on anatomical and histological methods with corresponding laboratory work. In courses 6 and 3 are set forth the elements and methods of e m b r y o l o g y and the morphology of the brain, with appropriate laboratory work. Courses 7 and 8 consist of advanced work in human or comparative anatomy or systematic zoology of vertebrates, and vertebrate histology. In the lectures constant use is made of diagrams and models, and of specimens from the museum, w h i c h has been formed and arranged with particular reference to its educational purpose. THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE. T h e distinctive work of the C o l l e g e of Agriculture embraces instruction in General Chemistry, in Agricultural Chemistry, in Botany, in Horticulture, in Zoology, in E n t o m o l o g y , in Veterinary Science, and in the various branches of Theoretical and Practical Agriculture. A l l students are required to work five hours each w e e k for one year, under the direct supervision of the Professor of Agriculture, in the farm "workshop, in the barns, or in the fields. Nearly as m u c h time is spent 78 ORGANIZA TION OF DEPARTMENTS AND in the fields and barns under the Professors of Veterinary Science, Botany, Horticulture, G e o l o g y , and E n t o m o l o g y . Students receive 110 pay for this or any other educational work. T h e field-work supplem e n t s the lectures and recitations in such a way that the application and value o f the principles taught may be thoroughly understood and remembered by the student. Students in agriculture are divided into t w o classes : those w h o desire a complete course of four years, and are candidates for a degree ; and those w h o desire to take a special course, e m b r a c i n g instruction in such studies only as have a direct bearing on practical agriculture. THE COMPLETE COURSE. Students in the four-year course are presumed at the time of their admission to be fairly familiar with all of the rudimentary operations of the farm. If they are not they can acquire this k n o w l e d g e and practice either at the University farm, or under the eye of some good farmer, during their first summer vacation. Visits are made from time to time to the best farms and herds in New V o r k ami Canada, in order that the students may have opportunities for a wide range of study and comparison, and may come into direct contact and relations with the best class of farmers. These visits g i v e the students the best of opportunities for studying the results of science and practice combined. SPECIAL COURSE. T h e r e is a large number of farmers' sons w h o would be willing to spend one or two years at the University pursuing studies in applied agriculture, of w h o m the four-year course demands too much in the way of preparation, as well as of time and expense. T o accommodate this class a special course has been provided, the only requirements of w h i c h are that students must possess a fair k n o w l e d g e of English, and must select at least three-fourths o f their studies in subjects pertaining to agriculture, as elsewhere prescribed. T h e student is able, even in one year, to attend the courses of lectures g i v e n b y the Professors of Agriculture, D a i r y H u s b a n d r y , Veterinary Science, Agricultural C h e m i s t r y , Botany, E n t o m o l o g y , and H o r t i c u l t u r e ; and he may thus gain a systematic and practical k n o w l e d g e of those branches that will be o f most service to him. Special students, d u r i n g the time t h e y are in the University, e n j o y equal advantages in all respects with students w h o are s t u d y i n g for a degree. METHODS OF INSTRUCTION. 79 ARCHITECTURE. T h e instruction is given b y means of lectures and practical exercises. Its object is not only to develop the artistic powers of the student, but to lay that foundation of k n o w l e d g e without which there can be no true art. Drawing is taught during three years, and thoroughly used in mechanics, stereotomy, and designing. Students in Architecture take two terms of mechanics, one of stereotomv, one of structural details, and three of descriptive geometry, with the classes in the course in Civil Engineering. T h e study of the history of architecture and the development of the various styles runs through five terms. T h e lectures are illustrated by photographs, drawings, engravings, casts, and models. A lantern for the purpose of throwing pictures upon a screen before the class is in constant readiness for the use of the lecturer, and the windows are fitted with shades by which the room can be completely darkened in a moment. Proper attention is paid to acoustics, ventilation, heating, plumbing, decoration, contracts, specifications, and professional practice. The whole ground of education iu Architecture,--practical, scientific, historical, and aesthetic,—-is covered as completely as is practicable in a four years course. For collections and equipments see " Material E q u i p m e n t s . " A pamphlet g i v i n g details in full of the entire course may be had on application to the Registrar. THE COLLEGE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING. The several courses of preparatory and professional studies have been planned with a view to l a y i n g a substantial foundation for the general and technical knowledge needed by practitioners in civil engineering ; so that our graduates, guided by their theoretical education and as much of engineering practice as can be taught in schools, may develop into useful investigators and constructors. T h e aim of this college is mainly to m a k e its students cultured and well-balanced professional men, trained to meet the actual demands of American engineering science and practice, without losing sight o f the necessity of fostering professional progress. T h e prominent characteristic of the organization of this department is the care exercised in the choice of its officers of instruction. T h e advanced mathematics, w h i c h h a v e a prominent place in all the courses ; the graphics, " office details " and field w o r k ; economics o f 82 ORGANIZA TION OF DEPARTMENTS AND e n g i n e e r i n g , and investigations in the library and laboratories of the c o l l e g e are, with only one exception, in charge of a body of instructors w h o are specialists in their respective branches, and who join to a l o n g training as teachers the professional experience derived from active service, not as subordinates, merely, but as designers, and contractors of important w o r k s ; they are thus competent to judge of the needs and best methods for promoting the usefulness of the college. It is the duty of t l u s e officers to study closely, and to contribute to the advancement of their several specialties ; and through their acquaintance with the e n g i n e e r i n g problems of the day and consultation with the Director of the College, to secure a proper balance between the various elements w h i c h enter into the technical education of the civil engineer. As the result of this system of administration, and of the success met in years past by heeding the growing tendency to specialize, within the means at our disposal at present, it has been necessary to add to the fundamental instruction of a general undergraduate school, five additional special schools for graduates desiring advanced study in the separate branches o f their profession. These schools are constantly g r o w i n g in strength and attracting a steadily increasing number of resident graduates. Under certain restrictions, as to the number of students, admission to these schools is open to civil engineers of this or other institutions h a v i n g undergraduate courses similar to our own. Advanced and special studies are offered in the foll o w i n g schools : Bridge Engineering, Railroad Engineering, Sanitary and Municipal Engineering, Hydraulic Engineering, and Geodetic E n g i n e e r i n g . T h e object of these schools is to provide-the y o u n g graduate with the means of prosecuting advanced investigations after such experience in professional life as may lead him to decide in the choice of a specialty. Lectures in the museum and laboratories are g i v e n to these students for the purpose of directing and aiding their original researches. A l l graduate work may alternate with a limited number of elective studies in other professional schools, or in history, literature and general science ; but the choice of electives implies suitable preparation for their prosecution, and must, besides, m e e t with the approval of the Director of the College. T h e w o r k of the students in the undergraduate school is based upon an extended course 011 the mechanics, and the graphics and economics o f engineering. T h e r e are no elective studies in this school. T h e object aimed at is to g i v e as thorough a preparation as possible for the general purposes o f the profession in the f o l l o w i n g subjects : the surv e y , location, and construction of railroads, canals and water w o r k s ; t h e construction of foundations in water and on land, and of super- METHODS OF INSTRUCTION. 81 structures and tunnels ; the survey, improvements, and defenses of coasts, rivers, harbors, and lakes ; the astronomical determination o f geographical co-ordinates for geodetic and other purposes ; the applications of mechanics, graphical statics, and descriptive g e o m e t r y to the construction of the various kinds of right and oblique arches, bridges, roofs, trusses, suspension and cantilever bridges ; the drainage of districts, sewering of towns, and the reclaiming of lands ; the design, construction, application and tests of wind and hydraulic motors ; air, electrical, and heat engines, and pneumatic w o r k s ; the preparation of plans and specifications, and the proper inspection, selection, and tests of the materials used in construction. A course of lectures is given in engineering and m i n i n g economy, finance and jurisprudence. T h e lattersubject deals in an elementary m a n u e r o n l y with the questions of easements and servitudes, and the ordinary principles of the laws of contracts and riparian rights. T h e facilities for instruction and for advanced investigations are believed to be thorough and efficient. Laboratory work is required of the students, in chemistry, mineralogy, geology, physics, and civil engineering ; for which purpose all the libraries, collections, and laboratories of the University are open to the students of this college. A detailed statement of the studies of the schools of this college,, and the time devoted to each subject, will be found under the head of " C o u r s e s of Study in Civil E n g i n e e r i n g . " The material equipment of this college is already very large, as may be seen, somewhat in detail, elsewhere in the Register. T h e value of this equipment is constantly enhanced by means of an adequate yearly appropriation, which, owing to the liberal policy of the governing body, has k e p t pace with the growth of the large resources of t h e University. For a description o f the special museums and laboratories see "Material Equipment." For additional information upon this subject, address 44 T h e Director of the College of Civil E n g i n e e r i n g . " THE SIBLEY COLLEGE OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND THE MECHANIC ARTS. This college was founded and endowed b y the liberal gifts of t h e late Hon. Hiram Sibley, of Rochester, w h o , in the year 1870, g a v e about thirty thousand dollars for t h e erection of a suitable building for t h e department of mechanic arts. H e also g a v e ten thousand dollars for increasing its equipment of tools, machines, etc., and afterward m a d e 6 82 ORGANIZATION OF DEPARTMENTS AND a further gift of fifty thousand dollars for the endowment of the Sibley professorship of practical mechanics and machine construction. Duri n g the years 1883 to 1887 he gave about one hundred thousand dollars for the purchase of models, the extension of the Sibley College buildings, and the building and equipping of a complete set of work-shops. T h e total amount presented to Cornell University is nearly two hundred thousand dollars. S I B L E Y C O L L E G E is the School of Mechanical Engineering and of the Mechanic Arts, of Cornell University. It includes four principal University departments : that of Mechanical Engineering, including a laboratory, in which experimental work and investigations are conducted ; a department of Electrical E n g i n e e r i n g ; a department of Mechanic Arts, or shop work ; and a department of Drawing and Machine Design. T h e first named is presided over by the Director, who is also the Professor of Mechanical Engineering. REGULAR COURSES. Sibley College is intended by the Trustees of the University to be made a college of mechanical engineering, in which schools of the mechanic arts and of the various branches of mechanical engineering shall be developed, as rapidly and extensively as the means placed at the disposal of the Trustees of the University, and a demand for advanced and complete courses of instruction, shall allow. These courses are purely professional and it is advised that every student secure, not only thorough preparation as prescribed, but the most complete general education possible, before studying for his profession. Elective work can be taken to a limited extent in undergraduate courses and to any desired extent in graduate work. I. D E P A R T M E N T OE M E C H A N I C A L ENGINEERING. T h e department of mechanical engineering is divided into two principal sections: that of theoretical engineering and that of experimental engineering, or the mechanical laboratory. Students are allowed in their senior year, to begin to specialize somewhat, t a k i n g w o r k iu steam, iu marine, or in electrical engineering, for example, with specialists^ (1) Section of Theoretical Engineering :—The lecture-room course of instruction consists of the study, b y text-book or lecture, of the materials used in mechanical engineering ; the valuable qualities of these materials being exhibited in the mechanical laboratory by the - use of the various kinds of testing machines. T h e theory of strength iMH. 1 ri UUCi UP KUL IJUIW. of materials is here applied, and the effects of m o d i f y i n g conditions— such as variation of temperature, frequency and period of strain, method of application of stress—are illustrated. T h i s course of study is followed by instruction in the science of pure mechanism or k i n e matics, which traces motions o f connected parts, without reference to the causes of such motion, or to the work done, or the energy transmitted. T h i s study is conducted largely in the drawing-rooms, where the successive positions of m o v i n g parts can be laid down on paper. It is illustrated, in some directions, by the set o f kinematic models known as the Reuleaux models, a complete collection of w h i c h is found in the museums of Sibley College. T h e study of machine design succeeds that of pure mechanism, just described. This study also is largely conducted in the drawing-rooms and is directed by an instructor familiar, practically as well as theoretically, with the designing and proportioning of machinery. T h e closing work of the course consists of the study, by text-book and lecture, of the theory of the steam engine and other motors. T h e last term of the regular four-year course is devoted largely to the preparation of a graduating thesis, in which the student is expected to exhibit something of the w o r k i n g power and the k n o w l e d g e gained during his course. A graduating piece is demanded, also, of each student, both in the drawing-room and the workshop, which shall show proficiency in those departments. (2) Section of Experimental Engineering, or Mechanical Labora. tory Instruction:—The work in this department will be conducted by an instructor familiar with its apparatus and with the best methods of work, and who will plan a systematic course of instruction intended not only to give the student skill in the use of apparatus of exact measurement, but to teach him also the best methods of research, and to give him a good idea of the most effective methods of planning and of prosecuting investigations, with a view to securing fruitfulness of result with minimum expenditure of time and money. II. D E P A R T M E N T OE ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING. T h e student at the end of the third year m a y , if he choose, substitute the special work in electrical engineering for the prescribed work of the regular course. T h u s , it will be seen, the t w o courses are identical during the first three years, comprising drawing, mathematics, mechanics, mechanism, machine design, the elementary study o f physics, and preliminary practice in the use o f tools and of electrical and other physical instruments. T h e special e n g i n e e r i n g work o f the 84 ORGANIZA TION OF DEPARTMENTS AND fourth year comprises the study, under the direction of the Professor of Electrical Engineering, of station design and construction, of the prime-movers, the design and construction of electrical machinery, the study of the problems involved in the distribution of the electric l i g h t and the electrical transmission of power, besides practice in every variety of measurement, computation and testing, as applied to the construction and maintenance of electric lighting and power plants and telephone and telegraph lines and cables, and to the purposes of investigation ; while a large amount of work in the laboratories of the department of physics is g i v e n with special reference to the needs of the practical electrician. A l l the extraordinary resources of the University and of Sibley College are available for the purposes of this department; and the active cooperation of the Department of Physics, with its great collections and extensive laljoratories, gives u n e x a m p l e d facilities for the study of every related branch o f physics. Graduates in the course of Electrical Engineering are given a degree as in other regular courses, and a statement that the student has paid special attention to electrical work is introduced into his diploma. Electriciaus unfamilikr with engineering may secure special work. III. DEPARTMENT OF MECHANIC ARTS. T h e aim of the instruction in this, the department af practical mechanics aud machine construction, is to m a k e the student, as far as time will permit, acquainted with the most approved methods of construction of machinery. (1) Section of Woodworking and Pattern-making:—This course begins with a series of exercises in woodworking, each of which is intended to give the student familiarity with a certain application of a certain t o o l ; and the course o f exercises, as a whole, is expected to enable the industrious student easily and e x a c t l y to perform any ordinary operation familiar to the carpenter, the joiner, and the patternmaker. T i m e permitting, these prescribed exercises are followed by practice in m a k i n g members of structures, joints, small complete structures, patterns, their core-boxes, and other constructions in wood. Particular attention will the paid to the details of pattern-making. (2) Section of Forging, Moulding and Foundry work .-—These courses are expected not only to give the student a k n o w l e d g e of the methods of the blacksmith and t h e moulder, but to g i v e him that manual s k i l l in the h a n d l i n g of tools w h i c h will permit him to enter the machine shop, and there q u i c k l y to acquire familiarity and skill METHODS OF INSTRUCTION. 85 i n the manipulation of the metals, and in the m a n a g e m e n t o f both hand and machine tools. (3) Section of IronworkingThe instruction in the machine shop, as in the foundry and the forge, is intended to be carried on in substantially the same manner as in the w o o d w o r k i n g course, b e g i n n i n g by a series of graded exercises, which will g i v e the student familiarity with the tools of the craft and with the operations for the performance of which they are particularly designed, and concluding by practice in the construction of parts of machinery, and, time permitting, iu the building of complete machines w h i c h may have a market value. IV. D E P A R T M E N T OP I N D U S T R I A L DRAWING AND ART. (1) Section of Freehand Drawing and Art.—Instruction in this department begins with freehand drawing, which is taught by means of lectures aud general exercises from the blackboard, from flat copies, and from models. T h e work embraces a thorough training of the hand and eye in outline drawing, elementary perspective, model and object drawing, drawing from casts, and sketching from nature. The course in freehand drawing may be followed by instruction in decoration, in every industrial art. in designing for textiles and ceramics, in modelling, and in other advanced studies introductory to the study of fine art. (2) Section of Mechanical Drawing.—The course begins with freehand drawing, and iti the latter part of this work considerable time is expected to be given to the s k e t c h i n g o f parts of machines and of trains of mechanism, aud, later, of w o r k i n g machines. T h e use of drawing instruments is next taught, and, after the student has acquired some k n o w l e d g e o f descriptive geometry and the allied branches, the methods of work in the drawing-rooms of workshops and manufacturing establishments are learned. Line-drawing, traci n g and " b l u e p r i u t i n g , " the conventional colors, geometrical construction, projections, and other important details of the draughtsman's work, are practised until the student has acquired proficiency. T h e advanced instruction g i v e n the upper classes includes the tracing of curves and cams, the study of kinematics on the drawingboards, tracing the motions o f detail-mechanism, and the k i n e m a t i c relations of connected parts. T h i s part of the work is accompanied by lecture-room instruction and the study o f the text-book, the instructors in the drawing-rooms b e i n g assisted by t h e lecture-room instructor, w h o is a specialist in this branch. T h e c o n c l u d i n g part o f the course embraces a similar method o f teaching machine-design, the lecture-room and drawing-room w o r k b e i n g correlated in the 86 ORGANIZA TION OF DEPARTMENTS AND same manner as in kinematics or mechanism. T h e course concludes, w h e n time allows, by the designing of complete machines, as the steam engine or other motor, or some important special type of machine. Students often m a k e original designs, and not infrequently put on paper their own inventions. INDUSTRIAL ART. A four-year course of instruction in industrial art is arranged for students h a v i n g a talent for such work, and desiring to devote their whole time to this subject. N o degree is conferred, but a certificate of proficiency may be given at the end of the course. T h i s course is g i v e n additional interest by occasional general and public lectures on the history of art and the work of great artists. "Special" or Artisan Course.—All special students are expected to follow as closely as possible a course of instruction iu the Mechanic Arts planned with reference to the needs of such students, and of y o u n g men, not candidates for a degree. T h e Mechanic Arts courses, or Artisan courses, do not lead to a degree. T h e y are intended for students who are unable to pursue a complete course of preparatory and college work, including higher applied mathematics and the languages, such as is exacted of the candidate for the degree of Mechanical Engineer, but w h o may be able to undertake the work laid out for those intendiug to prepare themselves especially for superintendents of shops and establishments, and who are not likely to be called upon to do the work of the mechanical engineer, in designing, etc., demanding a good k n o w l e d g e of those subj e c t s prescribed in the engineering courses as essential to such higher work. T h e s e courses consist mainly of shopwork, drawing, and elementary mathematics ; but students sufficiently well prepared may also t a k e other useful studies if found prepared to do so. GRADUATE COURSES. T h e following are all purely professional courses. Special attention is also called to the elective courses of lectures, and of instruction, in the University, in its various departments and its several schools, as those in advanced mathematics, in the sciences, the languages, in political e c o n o m y and history, and in patent law. Electrical Engineering.—A graduate course is arranged for students in mechanical engineering w h o desire further instruction in electrical engineering, and for graduates in the course in electrical engineering. COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. 87 ' Marine Engineering.—At the request o f the University, an officer of the engineer corps of the United States N a v y has been detailed for the purpose of giving instruction in Mechanical and Marine Engineering. Special work in this subject may therefore be t a k e n by such students as desire it. T h i s instruction should form a graduate or fifth-year course, after the student shall have completed the regular course in Mechanical Engineering or obtained its equivalent elsewhere. Chemical Engineering.—In all the great chemical industries the success of the business depends chiefly upon the correct arrangement of the mechanical details of the plant, and the skillful design and proportioning of machinery. T h e chemical reactions involved are generally simple. Our leading manufacturers very generally owe their success to their early training in engineering, quite as much, at least, as to their k n o w l e d g e of chemistry. T h e Director of Sibley College and the Professor of Applied Chemistry are at all times readyto give such advice aud assistance as may be asked bv students w h o may be desirous of entering upon this course of study. Mining Engineering.—Although m i n i n g engineering courses have not been formally established, instruction required b y the m i n i n g engineer is now given, as follows : the professor of civil engineering and his associates lecture on such constructions as are c o m m o n to the professions of civil aud mining engineering ; the professor of mechanical engineering and his associates offer instruction relating to machinery ; the professors of chemistry give instruction in metallurgy, chemical analysis, and cognate s u b j e c t s ; the professors of g e o l o g y give instruction in the theory and classification of ores and in those branches relating to chemical g e o l o g y . Steam Engineering.—By an Act of Congress, an officer of the U. S. N. Eugineer Corps is authorized to be detailed to g i v e special instruction in steam engineering for advanced students and educated practicing engineers. T h e course is an extension of the work of the senior year and includes the study of the design and construction of steam engines and boilers and their accessory apparatus, the theory and the practice of engineering as applied to this class of motors. Railroad Machinery.—This department is intended to prepare the fame class of students for special w o r k in railroad shops, and especially in the division of the organization of railways placed in charge of superintendents of motive power, aud of master mechanics. Non-resident Lecturers, etc.—Supplementing the t e g u l a r course o f instruction, lectures are delivered from time to time by t h e most distinguished men and t h e great specialists of the profession. A n n u a l 88 ORGANIZATION OF DEPARTMENTS AND " I n s p e c t i o n T o u r s " are made to the great cities and manufacturing establishments during the spring vacation. T h e recent enlargement of Sibley College renders it possible to m a k e the number admitted into the freshman class, as candidates for degrees, about one h u n d r e d ; while twenty-five or more may be admitted into the upper classes and the advanced courses of post-graduate instruction. Should more apply, preference will be given to those best prepared. Students unable to register in courses leading to a degree, may enter any other courses, as Mechanic Arts, above, for w h i c h they may have sufficient preparation. Persons desiring more information in regard to any subject connected with Sibley College, should address T H E D I R E C T O R OF S I B L E Y COLLEGE. OPPORTUNITIES FOR GRADUATE STUDIES. A n inspection of the ensuing courses will show that the amount of instruction offered is greatly in excess of the amount which any person can avail himself of while an undergraduate student. T h o u g h all of the courses are open to undergraduates w h o have prepared themselves by t a k i n g the necessary preliminary electives, a large number of courses are especially adapted to the wants of graduate students. N o sharp line of demarcation, therefore, separates the two classes. Graduates and advanced undergraduates are taught t o g e t h e r ; but in all cases the necessary prerequisite work must have been taken. In nearly or quite every branch of study, the advanced courses of lectures and the seminaries and laboratories afford abundant opportunities for carrying on profitable work of a h i g h grade during two or three years after the baccalaureate degree has been taken. T h e facilities thus afforded commend themselves especially to graduates of those colleges w h i c h do not offer a large range of electives during the undergraduate course. Students are admitted to graduate study after having taken a baccalaureate degree in this University, or on presenting a diploma g i v i n g evidence that a degree fully equivalent has been taken elsewhere. Courses appropriate for graduate students and leading to advanced degrees are provided in the following departments : Ancient Classical L a n g u a g e s and Literatures, Modern European Languages and Literatures, E n g l i s h Literature, Comparative Philology, History and Political Science, Philosophy, Mathematics, Chemistry and Physics, Natural History, T h e Science and Art of T e a c h i n g , Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Architecture, and Agriculture. T h e graduate courses in Civil and Mechanical E n g i n e e r i n g are fully described elsewhere in t h e Register. METHODS OF INSTRUCTION. 89 In the list of Courses of Instruction courses will be found designated as specially adapted to the wants of graduate students. A m o n g the special advantages offered to graduate students iu this University may be mentioned the following : 1. T h e greater part of such work is carried on iu laboratories and seminaries, in which the student, with the aid and under the intimate personal guidance and direction of the professor, is encouraged in the prosecution of original investigation of an advanced nature. In all the graduate work the aim is to surround the student w i t h ati atmosphere of earnest devotion to the cause of the advancement of k n o w l edge and to excite a true scholarly spirit. 2. Graduate students who are not candidates for a degree, as well as those who are, are required to work under the general direction of a committee of the Faculty, appointed for the special purpose of supervising and directing their work. A l l graduate students are at liberty to attend any of the exercises of the University ; but under the guidance of the appropriate committee every such student must take an amount of work not less than the minimum required of undergraduates during the senior year. 3. Graduate students have access to the alcoves of the library, as well as to the special collections in the seminary-rooms, and thus have exceptional opportunities for prosecuting advanced work. 4. E i g h t Fellowships, with stipends of four hundred dollars each, are annually given to such graduate students as may be selected by the Faculty for the superiority of their scholarship. 5. Tuition is free to such graduate students as, h a v i n g been duly admitted by the proper authorities as candidates for a second degree, are regularly pursuing the courses of study leading to such degree in accordance with the requirements prescribed by the F a c u l t y . The only payments required of such students by the University are those for materials actually consumed in the laboratories. » COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. [Unless Courses expected othencise enclosed in indicated luill each course runs in through 1890-91, the year. be in brackets not be given but may /S9/-92.1 COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY. r. G rucr il Intro luclioti to the Science of Language. T.ie chief principles of. the life and growth of language ; outlines of t h e science of phonetics ; history of the science of comparative philolo g y ; historical ami ethnological result* of the science ; classifications of Ian.; 11 j e s ; s i l i e n t ch ir icteristics of the various branches of the In lo-Europe.iu family of l a n g u a g e s ; methods of investigation. M., 11. Professor W H E E L E R . [2. Co:np irative G r a m m a r of the Indo-European Languages. Fall term the history of sounds (Phonology) in the various branches of the Iu l o - E u n p e 1:1 f a m i l y ; Winter term, G r e e k grammar from the comparative point of view, chiefly with reference to the history of sounds and inflections ; S p r i n g term, Latin grammar. T., T h . , 11. Professor WHKKI.KR. ] .V Sanskrit. Tlie fir-it twenty-five lessons of Perry's Sanskrit Primer ; the essentials of the grammar, given in the form of lectures; reading of selections from L a n m a n ' s Reader. T., Th., 12. Associate Professor B R I S T O L . 4. Advanced Sanskrit. Reading of selections from the Rig-Veda. Grammatical discussions. Lectures upon the private and religious antiquities of the ancient Hindoos. S., 10. Professor WHEELER. 5. Gothic. Braune's G o t h i c G r a m m a r . R e a d i n g o f selections. Lectures on the relation of the Germanic l a n g u a g e s to the Indo-European parent-speech. S., 9. Professor W H E E L E R . 6. Philological Seminary. S e e under G r e e k , courses 8 and 9. Professor W H E E L E R . 4 GREEK. A . Elementary G r e e k . T h e essentials of the grammar. Simple exercises in composition. T h e reading of selections from the Cyropaedia, Anabasis, and Memorabilia of X e n o p h o n . M., W . , F . , 8. Mr. BRONSON. COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. 91 This course is designed for students w h o wish to acquire, by extraordinary effort in one year, the ability to read Attic prose. It cannot be counted for graduation in the course in Arts. 1. Freshman course. First section. Reading of selected orations of Lysias, accompanied by a careful review of the Attic inflections and syntax. Twelve books of H o m j r ' s O l v s s e y . Plato's A p o l o g y o f Socrates. Greek composition throughout the year. T . , T h . , S., 10. Associate Professor B R I S T O L . Sacond section. Reading of selected orations of Lysias, as in first section. S i x books of Homer's Odyssey. Plato's A p o l o g y of Socrates. Greek composition throughout the year. T-, TIL., S., io. M r . BRONSON. T h e class will be divided into sections on the basis of scholarship at the beginning of the winter term. 2. Sophomore course. Selections from Lucian. T h e Philippics of Demosthenes. Euripides' Iphigenia among the Tauriaus. T h e Acharuians of Aristophanes. Greek composition throughout the year. Outline lectures upon the history of Greek literature. M., \\\, F . , 9. Professor W H E E L K R . 3. T h e Greek drama. T w o plays each of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. Aristotle's Poetics. Lectures upon the Greek theatre and drama. M . , W . , F . , to. Associate Professor B R I S T O L . [4. History and Oratory. Thucydides, Books VI and V I I . Andocides on the Mysteries. Isocrates' Panegyricus. Acschines against Ctesiphon. Demosthenes on the Crown. Lectures 011 the history o f Athens during the Peloponnesian war, and 011 the characteristics of Attic oratory. M., W., F., 10. Associate Professor B R I S T O L . ] 5. Greek Philosophy. T h e Protagoras, Phaedo, and selections from the Republic of Plato. T h e Xicomachean Ethics of Aristotle. Lectures upon the history o f Greek philosophy. W . , F . , 9. Associate Professor B R I S T O L . [6. Greek Poetry. A n t h o l o g i a L v r i c a (Bergk). Selections from Pindar. Selections from Theocritus. Lectures and recitations. W\, F., 9. Associate Professor B R I S T O L . ] 7. T h e Private, Political and L e g a l Antiquities of the Greeks. T h e first two terms will be devoted to a study of the private life of the Greeks, with illustrations (by lautern views, photographs, etc.), from ancient monuments and remains. T h e third term will be given to a review of the political and legal institutions of A t h e n s and Sparta. T., Th., 11. . Professor W H E E L E R . See History and Political Science, course 2. [8. N e w Testament G r e e k . R e a d i n g of selected passages from the 92 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. N e w Testament, and the Septuagiut. Lectures on the c h a r a c t e r i s e s o f Hellenistic G r e e k . T . , T h . , 8. Mr. B R O N S O N . ] 9. T h e G r e e k of the R o m a n period. Readings from Polybius, the N e w Testament, aud the inscriptions. T . , T h . , 8. Mr. B R O N S O N . 10. Philological Seminary. T h e G r e e k dialects, particularly the Lesbic, Doric, and North G r e e k , studied from the inscriptions. Preparation and discussion of papers by members of the Seminary. T., 7-9 p. 111. Professor W H E E L E R . [11. Philological Seminary. T h e Attic dialect, studied from the inscriptions. Phases of the Attic dialect in literary use. Preparation and discussion of papers by members of the Seminary. T., 7-9 p. m. Professor W H E E I . E R . ] 12. G r e e k Grammar. Historical treatment in lectures. See under C o m p a r a t i v e Philology, course 2. For lectures 011 Greek art, see under Latin, course 9. F o r G r e e k history, see under History and Political Science, course 1. LATIN. Courses Philosophy, those / and 2 cover j the and required 4 the work required for freshmen for in Arts sophomores and in courses work courses. 1. Rapid Reading of Easy Latin (Nepos). T h e De Senectute of Cicero. L i v v . Translation at sight. T h e writing of Latin. In two sections. M., W . , F . , 9. Mr. B R O N S O N . M., W . , F . , I I . Assistant Professor E L M E R . 2. Rapid R e a d i n g of E a s y Latin (Nepos). T h e De Senectute o f . Cicero. L i v v . Translation at hearing. T h e writing of Latin. W . , F . , 10. Assistant Professor E T . M E R . M., 10. Professor H A L E . T h e purpose of this course, which is arranged for students who h a v e g i v e n evidence of more than average k n o w l e d g e and ability, is to prepare t h e m to read ordinary Latin with ease and speed. A methodical study of the structure of the L a t i n sentence, in connection with syntax, is made in the class-room, and a written exercise in translating at first hearing, with formal questions set for written answers at one point after another in the progress of t h e sentence, is g i v e n w e e k l y by the professor in charge of the department, the aim being to lead the student to grasp the thought in t h e order in w h i c h the R o m a n sentence develops it, with the final result of his g a i n i n g power to read continuous pages of Latin of moderate difficulty, and understand, without translating, as he reads. COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. 93 3. T h e Phormio of Terence. Translation at sight. Horace : Selections from the Epodes, Satires, Odes, and Epistles. Collateral reading upon the history of R o m e during the period covered by the life o f Horace. Wilkins's Primer of R o m a n Literature. T., T h . , S., 9. Assistant Professor E L M E R . Open to students w h o have completed course 1. 4. T h e Phoruiio of Terence. Horace : Selections from the Epodes, Satires, Odes, and F-pistles. Translation at sight. Collateral reading upon the history of R o m e during the life of Horace. Wilkins's Primer of Roman Literature. T . , T h . , S-, 10. Assistant Professor ELMER. Open to students w h o have completed course 2. 5. Selections from Cicero's Letters, with accompanying practice iu composition in the epistolary form. Once a week, at an hour to be agreed upon. Assistant Professor E L M E R . T h e course is open to students who have completed course 1 or course 2, and is especially recommended to those who may be planning to elect Latin later. 6. Selections from the Republican Literature: Plautus, Lucretius, Catullus. CruttweU's and Teuffel's Histories of R o m a n Literature. T., Th., S., 9. Professor H A L E . Courses 6 and 7 are giveu in alternate years. [7. T h e Literature and History of the Early Empire (to 180 A. D . ) : Pliny the Y o u n g e r , Juvenal and Tacitus, with brief selections from other writers of the times. CruttwelPs and Teuffel's Histories of Roman Literature; Capes's Early Empire and A g e of the Autonines. T . , Th., S., 9. Professor H A L E . Courses 6 aud 7 are given in alternate years.] 8. Teacher's training course. After introductory lectures on the relation of preparatory and uuiversity work iu Latin, and on the order of arrangement and methods of work in the former, the Catiline of Sallust (now required for admission to the University) will be read, together with selections from the Caesar, Cicero, and Virgil of the preparatory course. In connection with the reading of the first t w o authors, a survey of the social and political conditions of the times will be made, and, in connection with the reading of V i r g i l , a study of the literary characteristics of his work. Exercises in translation at sight from sentences written upon t h e board (as iu the F a l l term in course 2, but with reference to various stages of advancement in the preparatory work) will be conducted from time to time b y the instructor and by m e m b e r s of t h e seminary. Occasional visits to preparatory schools will also be made, at hours to be arranged. 94 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. T h e general aim of the course is to prepare students w h o intend to teach to enter upon their first year of work with confidence. F., 12. Professor H A L E [9. T h e private life of the Romans. A systematic treatment, with illustrations (by lantern views, photographs, etc.) from the remains of ancient art, and in particular from the results of excavations iu Pompeii, Herculaueum, and Rome. W . , F., 11. Fall and Winter terms. G r e e k and Roman A r t : pottery, coins, engraved gems, painting, sculpture. An introductory course, illustrated with lantern views, photographs, casts, etc. Lectures. W., F., 11. Spring term. Professor H A L E . See under History aud Political Science, course 3. Open to students of the sophomore, junior, and senior years. Course S alternates with course 9.] 10. Latin Syntactical Seminary. Unsettled problems in Latin syntax : Investigations. Lectures, and preparation of papers by members of the Seminary. T . , 3-5. Wofessor H A L E . Open to graduates, and, with the consent of the instructor, to undergraduates of special attainments, who desire the course in addition to the other elective courses of the year. For Roman History, see under History aud Political Science, course 1. 1 THE GERMANIC LANGUAGES. 1. Brandt's German Grammar and Reader. Translation from English into German. Reading easy stories, poems and novels. Committing short poems to memory. M., W . , F., 8 9, 10. T., Th., S., 8, 9. Mr. I I E N C K E L S . M . , W . , . F . , 10, 11 ; T., Th., S., 10. Mr. G R I F FIN. 2. Maria Stuart, Hermann und Dorothea, Lessing's Prosa. Advanced grammar and composition. Writing from dictation. Translation at sight. M., W . , F . , 8 ; T., Th., S., 9. Mr. G R I F F I N . M., W . , F.,9. Professor W H I T E . M., W . , F . , 10. Professor H E W E T T . 3. German literature from K l o p s t o c k to Goethe's death. T h e classical period and the Romantic School. Lectures, biographical studies and papers. Illustrative readings and views. M., W., 11. Professor HEWETT. (In 1891-2, lectures on the German literature and language from the earliest period to the Reformation. This course will be accompanied by views illustrating the literary history, art, and social life of the time). 4. T h e writings of H e i n e in prose and verse, examined in their relation to the literary, social, and political history of his times. Con- COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. # 95 « tinuation of the course 011 German lyrics. T o be concluded by a course on German Volkslieder. M., W . , F., 10. Fall and W i n t e r terms. Professor W H I T E . (In 1891-2, Luther's life and writings.) 5. Goethe's Faust. Lectures and readings. T h e place o f F a u s t in art will be illustrated by an extensive series of lantern views. Fall and Winter terms. G o e t h e ' s life as illustrated in his works. S p r i n g term. T . , T h . , 10. Professor H K W E T T . 6. Old H i g h German. Selections from Tatian, Otfrid's Krist, and minor specimens of Old High German literature. T o be studied in connection with the literary history of the period. T . , T h . , 9. Professor W H I T E . (In 1891-2, Middle High German. Selections from the epics of Wolfram, Hartmaun, and Gottfried, and the lyrics of Y o g e l w e i d e . ) 7. Middle H i g h German. Selections from the popular and court epics and the songs of the Minnesinger. M., W . , 9. Professor II EWETT. 8. Recent German novels and plays. F o r practice iu rapid translation and reading at sight. Open to those w h o have had course 2, and to others on application. M., W . , 10. Spring term. Professor W H I T E . [9. German literature since G o e t h e ' s death. T h e modern drama and novel. T . , T h . , 11. Professor H E W E T T . In 1 S 9 1 - 2 . ] 10. Advanced German composition. S . , 9. Professor W H I T E . THE ROMANCE LANGUAGES. Course sophomore / covers work. the required freshman work ; course 2 the required 1. W h i t n e y ' s French Grammar. S u p e r ' s French Reader. T a b l e a u x de la Revolution Frai^aise. Luquien's French Prose of Popular Science (for students in the technical courses). M . , W . , F . , 8 . Mr. and Mr. . 9. Mr. . 10. Mr. . 11. Mr. LAPHAM. T., 9. Mr. 10. Mr. L A P H A M . I I . Mr. . 2. Coraeille's Horace. Le Romantisme Frau^ais. Hernani. F r e n c h composition, and lectures 011 the French l a n g u a g e and literature. M. W . F F . , 8. Mr. L A P H A M . 9. Professor C R A N E . 10. Mr. . T., Th., S . , 9 . Mr. . 3. L a S o c i ^ Fran5ai.se au Dix-Septi£me Si£cle. Moltere's L e s Pr£cieuses Ridicules and Les F e m m e s Savantes. F r e n c h memoirs o f the X V I I t h century. T . , T h . , 10. Professor C R A N E . 4. Old-French Literature and L a n g u a g e . Chanson de R o l a n d , A u cassin and Nicolete, etc. T . , T h . , 9. Professor C R A N E . T h . , S . , 8 . Mr. L A P H A M . 96 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. 5. Introduction to the 9tudy of the French classical drama. Tragedy. Lectures 011 the origin of the French drama, aud rapid reading of the masterpieces of Corneille, Racine, Voltaire, etc. M., W., 10. Professor C R A N E . [In 1S91-92, a similar course will be given on French comedy]. 6. French Philology. F . , 10. Professor C R A N E . Course 6 is open only to students w h o have had courses 1, 2 and Latin. 7. Recent French Literature. D a u d e t Copp£e. Claretie, etc. T., Th etc. , 9. Mr. LAPHAM. Mr. LAPHAM. 8. Advanced French composition, pronunciation, reading at sight, S . , 9. 9. M o d e m French Writers. Victor H u g o ' s novels and lyrics. S., 10. Mr. . [In 1 8 9 1 - 9 2 , a similar course will be given 011 Balzac]. 10. M o d e m French criticism. Sainte-Beuve. Taine. Scherer. S., 11. Mr. . 11. Italian grammar and reading. T., Th., 8. Mr. . 12. Spanish grammar and reading. T., T h . , 8. Mr. . Students in the Course of Letters may select the additional three hours of required work in French from among the above courses 3, 4, 5 , 7, S, 9, 10. ENGLISH. 1. Freshman Rhetoric. LIOTT a n d M r . 2. COFFIN. M., W., 11, 1 2 ; T., T h . , 11, 12. Mr. EL- Sophomore Rhetoric. M . , T h . , 1 1 ; T., W . , 10. Mr. E M E R S O N . 3. Junior Rhetoric. Open to students who have passed in courses 1 aud 2. Lectures upon the history of the formation and growth of E n g l i s h style, with collateral readings and essays. T., T h . , i f . Professor H A R T . [4. Senior Rhetoric. Open to students w h o passed in course 3. A critical study of the stylistic peculiarities of English authors of prominence, chiefly prose writers. Lectures upon the foreign influences, classical and modern, that have affected E n g l i s h style. Members of the class will be required to investigate collateral topics, involving original research, and to submit the results in the shape of theses. Professor H A R T . Not offered until 1 8 9 1 - 2 . ] 5. Elocution. Mandeville's E l e m e n t s of R e a d i n g and Oratory ; instruction in breathing, management of the voice, gesture, and general d e l i v e r y ; declamation in class and in public. Designed for juniors, seniors, and graduates. M., W . , F., 9, 10, 11. Associate Professor BRAINARD G. SMITH. Students who e x p e c t to study Elocution sometime in their Universit y course are advised to do it in junior, rather than in senior year. COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. 97 Juniors in Elocution w h o purpose to t a k e Oratory in their senior year, are advised to elect the Junior Rhetoric as a desirable preparation for the work in Oratory. 6. Oratory. Orations, speeches and addresses. E a c h production read and criticised with the author, who may also have some instruction in its delivery. W e e k l y public oratorical exercises. Designed for seniors and graduates w h o have taken course 5, or its equivalent. Fall and Winter terms. M., 7.30. Other hours as assigned. Counting two hours. Associate Professor B K A I N A R D G . S M I T H . 7. Early English Philology. Formation of the E n g l i s h language. Sievers, Old English G r a m m a r ; Sweet, Anglo-Saxon R e a d e r ; Zupitza, Uebungsbuch. M . , W . , F., 9. Professor H A R T . 8. Middle E n g l i s h Philology. Open to students w h o h a v e passed in course 7. Further development of the language. Zupitza, Uebungsbuch ; Morris, Specimens of Early E n g l i s h . T . , T h . , 12. Professor H A R T . 9. Seminary in E n g l i s h Philology. Open to students w h o h a v e passed in course 7. Reading of longer Early or Middle E n g l i s h texts, with investigation of grammatical peculiarities; original research, t o be submitted iu the shape of theses. M., W . , 11. Professor H A R T . 10. Seminary in English Literature. T h e direct study of masterpieces in English prose. T w o hours. S., 11-1. Professor C O R S O N . 11. Lectures on E n g l i s h Literature, including the period from Milton to Cowper, the drama of the Restoration, the subsequent drama to Sheridan, and the literature of the X l X t h century. M., W . , F . , 10. Professor C O R S O N . 12. English Literature. A General Survey of the L a n g u a g e and Literature of the X l l t h and X I H t h Centuries. Lectures on Piers Plowman, Wycliffe, Chaucer, Spencer, and the Shakespearian drama. Readings by the class. T . , T h . , 10. Professor C O R S O N . PHILOSOPHY No quired course of in Philosophy can except which be taken those by freshmen. in the technical Course / is reall sophomores, courses, departments. seniors, The remaining and graduates, are elective, specified are open to juniors, below. on the conditions 1. L o g i c and P s y c h o l o g y . T w o hours a week. Lectures, T . , 11. Professor S C H U R M A N . Recitations, on J e v o n ' s L o g i c and M u r r a y ' s Psychology, in eight sections, M. f W . , T h . , F . , 10, n . Mr. C R E I G H T O N . N. B.—Supplementary examinations for r e m o v i n g conditions in this course are held on Saturday, O c t 4th, at 9 a. m., in t h e Botanical Lecture Room, and at no other time. 7 <98 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. 2. Advanced L o g i c and P s y c h o l o g y . Lotze's Logic (Clarendon P r e s s translation), L a d d ' s Physiological Psychology, Lotze's Psycholog y (being the third book of the Metaphysics, Clarendon Press translation). Recitations, discussions, and essays. Occasional lectures on the recent progress of P s y c h o l o g y in France, Germany, and Italy. T . , T h . , 8. Professor S C H U R M A N . Course 2 is intended for those w h o have taken, at least courses i and 3, but those w h o have passed in course I with distinction, and take course 5, m a y t a k e it if specially permitted. [3. History of P.iilosophy. A n outline of speculative systems, from the rise of reflection a m o n g the G r e e k s down to our own day, in their relation to the development of the sciences aud the progress of civilization. Lectures, with discussions and occasional essays. M., W., F . , 8. Professor S C H U R M A N . ] Course 3 and course 4 are given in alternate years. 4. E'.hics. T h e contents of the moral consciousness of man, savage aud barbarous as well as civilized ; the philosophical interpretation and im;>licition of these facts in the light of historico-critical survey of previous ethical theories, Greek, Roman, Christian, and modern (especially the evolutionary); and the application of the principles thus established to the regulation of life,—individual, family, ami social,—including an examination of current questions in practical ethics. Lectures, discussions, and essays. M., W., F., 8. Professor S C H U R M A N . Coun-e 4 is open to all w h o have taken course 1. 5.Metaphysics. H u m e ' s Treatise 011 H u m a n Nature, Hamilton's Metaphysics, Herbert Spencer's First Principles. Recitations, discussions, and essays. M., W., F., 9. Mr. C R E I G H T O N . Course 5 is open to all who have taken course 3. [6. Metaphysics. A critical study of H u m e s E n q u i r y concerning H u m a n Understanding, and K a n t ' s Critique of Pure Reason, with introductory lectures 011 L o c k e and Berkeley. M., W . , F., 9. Mr. CREIGHTON.] Course 6, given in 1889-90, will not be repeated till 1891-2. See courses 5 and 7. 7. Philosophical Seminary. An examination o f the origin, meaning, and worth of the Critical Philosophy of K a n t , as expounded in t h e three great Critiques. M o n d a y evening, 7 to 9. Professor SCHURMAN. Course 7 is open to those w h o h a v e completed course 6, or who have t h o r o u g h l y mastered K a n t ' s Critique of Pure Reason, but to no others without special permission. COURSES OF INSTRUCTION, 99 8. Post-Kantian German P h i l o s o p h y . In 1888-9 H e g e l ' s Philosophic der Religion. In 1889-90, Lotze's Metaphysics. In 1890-91, Lotze's Logic and P s y c h o l o g y . T . , T h . , 8. Professor S C H U R M A N . [9. Philosophy o f Religion. Martineau's S t u d y o f Religion. T h . , 12. Professor S C H U R M A N . ] Course 9, given in 1889-90, will not be repeated till 1891-2. 10. History and Philosophy of Religion. A course o f w e e k l y lectures, during the winter term, open to all students of the university, but not counting towards a degree. In 1889-90 the subject was : Belief in G o d : its sources, character, and grounds. I11 1890-1 there will probably be offered an historical and comparative study o f two or more of the great religious o f the world. Professor S C H U R M A N . THE SCIENCE AND ART OF TEACHING. [ T h e * courses are open to juniors, seniors, and graduates.] 1. The science of education : philosophic basis ; aims ; m e t h o d s ; means. School instruction : application o f methods to v a r i o u s branches; recitations ; art o f questioning and e x a m i n i n g ; illustration and exposition. Organization and m a n a g e m e n t o f schools : classification ; courses of s t u d y ; supervision; school buildings and appliances ; school h y g i e n e ; school e c o n o m y , etc. Lectures. M., \\\, F., 2. Professor S. G . W I L L I A M S . W e e k l y exercises in class instruction will be g i v e n d u r i n g the last half of the year in course I. 2. Seminary. Discussions and essays on educational topics, and reports on visits to schools. T h . , 3. Professor S. G . W I L L I A M S . Course 2 is open only to studeuts w h o have t a k e n or are t a k i n g course 1. 3. History of education in various ages and countries : comparative education ; theories o f writers on education ; eminent educators, etc. Lectures. T . , T h . Professor S . G . W I L L I A M S . 4. Pedagogic Seminary. E x a m i n a t i o n o f Waitz's " A l l g e m e i n e P a d a g o g i k . " Professor S. G . W I L L I A M S . Course 4 is inteuded o n l y for students w h o h a v e completed course 1, or its equivalent, and a good k n o w l e d g e o f G e r m a n is indispensable. HISTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE. 1. T h e History and Civilization of Greece and R o m e . F a l l term, Greece. W i n t e r and S p r i n g terms, R o m e . T . , T h . , 9, 10, 11. Mr. BOTSFORD. Designed for freshmen, and required o f all candidates for the degrees o f A . B . and P h . B . * IOO COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. 2. Private, Political, and L e g a l Antiquities of the Greeks. T h e first t w o terms will be devoted to a study of the private life of the G r e e k s , with illustrations (by lantern views, photographs, etc.) from ancient monuments and remains. T h e third term will be given to a review of the political and legal institutions of A t h e n s and Sparta. T . , T h . , I I . Professor W H E E L E R . Courses 2 and 3 will be given in alternate years. [3. Private life of the Romans. A systematic treatment, with illustrations (by lantern vifcws, photographs, etc.) from the remains of ancient art, and in particular from the results of excavations in Pompeii, Herculaneum, and R o m e . F a l l and Winter terms. W . , F . , 11. For S p r i n g term see under Latin, course 9. Professor H A L E . Courses 2 and 3 will be given in alternate years.] [4. T h e Political and Social History of Europe during the Middle Ages. Lectures and examinations. M., W . , F., 9. Assistant Professor B U R R . Designed for sophomores and juniors, and may be taken either before or after course 5.] 5. T h e Political and Social History of Europe from the Renaissance to the French Revolution. Lectures and examinations. T., T h . , S., 9. Assistant Professor B U R R . May be taken either before or after course 4. 6. T h e Political and Social History of E n g l a n d from the S a x o n Invasion to the close of the Napoleonic Wars. Lectures and examinations. Designed for sophomores and juniors. M., W . , F . , 9. Assist, ant Professor B U R R . Required of sophomores in Philosophy. [7. T h e Political, Social and Constitutional History of Europe from the b e g i u u i n g of the French Revolution of 1789 to t h e Franco-German W a r of 1870. Lectures and examiuations. T . , T h . , S., 12. Several lectures on special subjects connected with the course may also be expected from ex-President W H I T E and from President A D A M S . ] 8. Palaeography and Diplomatics (the reading of historical manuscripts and the interpretation o f historical documents, especially those of the Middle Ages). A seminary for the critical study o f the materials o f Mediaeval and Modern History in their original form. T h e course will be progressive by centuries aud based upon actual study of the manuscripts and fac-similes in the University's possession. A knowledge of Latin is an indispensable prerequisite to this course. Winter term, c o u n t i n g for t w o hours. W . , 4.30-6. Assistant Professor B U R R . [9. American History from the Earliest Discovery to the end of the W a r for Independence. Lectures and recitations. M., W . , F . , 3. Professor T Y L E R . Open o n l y to tliQse ^ h o have t a k e n , or are taking course 6.] COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. IOI 10. American History from the end of the W a r for I n d e p e n d e n c e to the end of the W a r for the Union. Lectures and recitations. M . , W . , F . , 3. Professor T Y L E R . Open only to those w h o have t a k e n , or are taking course 6. 11. American Historical Seminary for juniors and seniors. T h e investigation o f historical subjects b y study of the sources. M., 7 - 9 p. m. Professor T Y L E R . Open o n l y to students t a k i n g course 9 or course 10 or course 12. 12. American Constitutional History, and American Constitutional Law. Lectures and recitations. T . , T h . , 3. Professor T Y L E R . Designed for those w h o have had course 9, or course 10, and also for seniors in the School o f Law. 13. American Historical Seminary for seniors and graduates. T h e original investigation of subjects in American Constitutional History. T., 7-9 p. m. Professor T Y L E R . Open only to graduates and to seniors who have already taken course 11. 14. History of Institutions. Lectures. F a l l term : General principles of political organization. W i n t e r term : G r o w t h o f the E n g l i s h Constitution. S p r i n g term : Methods of municipal administration. Designed for juniors and seniors w h o have done considerable work in History. M . , W . , F . , 1 1 . Professor T U T T L E . 15. International L a w and History of Diplomacy. Lectures. Designed for juniors and seniors, and required in the Fall term of seniors in the School of L a w . T . , T h . , 1 1 . Professor T U T T L E . 16. Literature o f Political Science. Lectures aud readings. Open to graduates, and to seniors w h o have taken or are t a k i n g course 14. M . , 3. Professor T U T T L E . 17. (general Seminary. S t u d y , from the sources, o f obscure political and historical questions. Open only to graduates and properly qualified seniors. T h , 4-6. Professor T U T T L E . 19. Elementary course. Principles of Political E c o n o m y . Banking. Financial Legislation o f the United States. M . , W . , F . , 10. Designed for sophomores and juniors. Professor L A U G H L I N . 20. Advanced course. Discussion o f economic writers and systems. Investigation o f current economic topics : Bimetalism, Shipping, Rail* way Transportation. T . , T h , 12. Open o n l y to students w h o h a v e passed satisfactorily in course 19. Professor L A U G H L I X . 21. History o f Tariff Legislation of the United States. \V., 12. Open to all students. Professor L A U G H L I N . 22. E c o n o m i c seminary. Open only to students w h o can satisfy the instructor that t h e y are competent to m a k e critical studies o f economic problems. M . , 4-5.30. Professor L A U G H L I N . 102 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. 26. Social Science, i n c l u d i n g the History and Management of Charitable aud Penal Institutions. T . , 4.30. Professor C O I . L I N . 27. R o m a n Law. Its growth ; its characteristic features ; its influe n c e on modern legal systems, and its contributions to the principles of comparative jurisprudence. Lectures and examinations. Required of seniors in the S c h o o l of Law, and open to other properly qualified students. M . 2. Professor B U R D I C K . BIBLIOGRAPHY. Introductory survey of the historical development of the book, illustrated by e x a m p l e s of manuscripts and incunabula; explanation of book sizes and notation ; systems of classification and cataloguing; bibliographical aids in the use of the Library. Winter and Spring terms. Lectures. M., 11. Mr. H A R R I S . MATHEMATICS AND ASTRONOMY. I. P R E S C R I B E D WORK. 1. For students in Arts, Philosophy, and Agriculture. T w o sections : M., W.. F., 12 ; T., T h . , S., 12. Mr. S T U D L E Y . (a) Fall term, Solid Geometry. (£) Winter term, Algebra. (c) S p r i n g term, Trigonometry. 2. F o r students in Science, in Letters, and in Chemistry. T h r e e sections, daily ex. S . , 8, 9, 10. Mr. R A P P L E Y E . (а) Fall term, Solid Geometry. (б) Winter term, Algebra, including the T h e o r y of Equations. (c) S p r i n g term, Trigonometry. 3. F o r students in Architecture, and in Civil Engineering. T h r e e sections, daily ex. S., 8, 9, 10. Mr. . (<*) Fall term, Algebra, including the T h e o r y of Equations. (£) W i n t e r term, T r i g o n o m e t r y . ( r ) S p r i n g term, A n a l y t i c Geometry. 4. F o r students in the Sibley College courses. S i x sections, daily e x . S., 8. Assistant Professor M C M A H O N . Assistant Professor H A T H A W A Y , I I . Assistant Professor J O N E S . 9, 1 1 . Mr. FOWLER. 9. 8, (a) F a l l term, A l g e b r a . (£) Winter term, A l g e b r a continued. ( c ) S p r i n g term, T r i g o n o m e t r y . 5. F o r students in Agriculture. COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. 103 One section, M., W . , F . , 11. Mr. R A P P L E Y E . Spring term, Practical Applications. 6. For students in Architecture. Daily ex. S , 9. Assistant Professor JON i s. Fall Term, Differential and Integral Calculus. 7. For students in Civil Engineering. Two sections, daily ex. S . , 9. Associate Professor W A I T , and Assistant Professor M C M A H O N . (a) Fall term, Differential Calculus. (£) Winter ternt. Integral Calculus. 8. For students in Sibley College courses. Four sections, daily ex. S., 8. Assistant Professor J O N K S , Associate Professor W A I T , and Assistant Professor H A T H A W A Y . 9. Mr. STUDLEY. (a) Fall term, Analytic Geometry. (£) Winter term, Differential Calculus, (c) Spring term, Integral Calculus. II. E L E C T I V E WORK. (For these courses, hours will be arranged by the Professors to suit the members of the class. Any course not desired at the beginning of the Fall term by at least five students, properly prepared, may not be given.) 11. Geometric, Algebraic, and Trigonometric Problems, with Applications ; including something of Probabilities and Insurance, and of Spherical Astronomy. Two hours. Assistaut Professor J O N E S . 12. Advanced work in Algebra, including Determinants and the Theory of Equations. Two hours. Associate Professor W A I T . 13. Advanced work in Trigonometry. Two hours. Mr. F O W L E R . (The equivalents of courses 8, 12, and 13, are necessary, and course II is useful, as a preparation for most of the courses that follow.) 14. Advanced work in Analytic Geometry of two and three Dimensions, v i z : — (a) First year, Lines and Surfaces of Three hours. Assistant Professor J O N E S . First and Second Orders. and Sur- (£) Second year, General Theory of Algebraic Curves faces. Two hours. Assistant Professor M C M A H O N . 15. Modern Synthetic Geometry, including Projective Geometry. Two hours. Assistant Professor J O N E S . 16. Descriptive and Physical Astronomy. hour. Mr. S T U D L F . Y . One (a) Descriptive Astronomy, requiring but little Mathematics. 104 CO URSES OF INSTR UCTION. (3) Physical and Mathematical Astronomy, requiring the equivalents of courses 3 or 4, and 7 or 8, and of course I or 2 in Physics. T w o hours. One hour. Professor OLIVER. 18. Mathematical Essays and Theses. One hour. Professor O L I V E R . 19. Advanced work in Differential and Integral Calculus. (a) In Differential Calculus. Three hours. Associate Professor W A I T . (D) In Integral Calculus. Two hours. Assistant Professor M C M A H O N . 20. Theory of Invariants and Covariants. Requires courses 8, 12, 14 (a), and preferably also 11, 13, 19. May be simultaneous with 14 (£). Two hours. Assistant Professor M C M A H O N . 21. Differential Equations. Fall term. Three hours. Assistant Professor H A T H A W A Y . 22. Theorv of Functions. Three hours. Professor O L I V E R . 24. The Potential Function, and Spherical Harmonics. Fall term. Two hours. Assistant Professor H A T H A W A Y . 26. R ational Statics. Two hours. Associate Professor W A I T . 28. Molecular Dynamics, and Physical Optics. Winter and Spring terms. Two hours. Assistant Professor H A T H A W A Y . 30. Quaternions and Vector Analysis. Two hours. Winter and Spring terms. Assistant Professor H A T H A W A Y . 31. Theory of Probabilities, and of Distribution of Errors, including some soeiologic applications. One hour. Professor O L I V E R . 32. Non-Euclidian Geometry. Two hours. Professor O L I V E R . 33. The reading and discussion of the mathematical journals. Once a week. 41. Mathematical Optics, including Wave Theory and Geometric Optics. Two hours. Professor O L I V E R . 42. Mathematical Theory of Heat and Thermodynamics. Three hours. 43. Mathematical Theory of Sound. Three hours. Assistant Professor M C M A H O N . 44. Mathematical Theory of Electricity and Magnetism. Two hours. Assistant Professor H A T H A W A Y . n most of the above branches of Pure Mathematics, an additional year's instruction, one or two hours a week, may be given if desired. PHYSICS. 1. Mechanics and Heat. Electricity and Magnetism. Acoustics and Optics. Two lectures a week. T., Th., 12. Professor NICHOLS. One recitation on Friday or Saturday by the class in sections, at hours to be arranged. Assistant Professor M O L E R and Messrs. M E R R I T T , and SAUNDERS. 1 7 . Mathematical Pedagogy. COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. 105 Course I is intended to meet the needs of students in Architecture, Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Agriculture, and the course preparatory to Medicine. A knowledge of plane trigonometry is required. 2. [ (a) Mechanics (one term), Electricity and Magnetism (two terms). Two lectures a week. M., W . , 12. Professor NICHOLS. One recitation on Friday or Saturday by the class in sections at hours to be arranged. Mr. . Will not be given during 1 8 9 0 - 9 1 . ] (£) Heat (one term), Sound and Light (two terms). Two lectures a week. M., W., 12. Professor NICHOLS. One recitation 011 Friday or Saturday by the class in sections at hours to be arranged. Mr. . May be expected in 1890-91. Course 2 is intended to meet the needs of students in the general courses. Parts (a) and [b) will be given in alternate years and either (a) or {b) will be accepted as the required work in Physics in the courses in Science and Letters. Students in the alx>ve courses will have an opportunity to complete the subject as elective work in the junior year. Such students may, however, substitute course 1 for (2A) or (2^); and students of whom course 1 is required may substitute for it the whole of course 2. Course 2 demands a knowledge of plane trigonometry. 3. Physical Experiments. Theory and methods of physical measurements. Two to five hours, selected by the students from afternoons ex. S . , 2 - 6 . Messrs. , M E K R I T T , and S A U N D E R S . Course 3 includes laboratory experiments illustrating general laws in all branches of physics, and instruction iu the adjustment and use of instruments of precision for measurements in mechanics, heat, light, and electricity. It is open to students who have passed satisfactorily in courses 1 or 2. All students desiring this course are strongly advised to prepare themselves by first taking courses in analytical geometry and calculus. Each student usually devotes to the course two afternoons each week, and pursues it in such order as the appointments of the laboratory may require. Students in Mechanical Engineering and Electrical Engineering are required to take the equivalent of two hours a week only. 4. Electrical measurements. Tests of electrical instruments and determination of constants. Theory and experimental study of dynamo machines, including tests of efficiency. Electric lighting. Photometric and electrical tests of electric lamps. One hour lecture, F., 12. Professor NICHOLS. Four hours laboratory work, selected by the student from afternoons ex. S . , 2 - 6 . Assistant Professor M O L E R and Mr. SAUNDERS. io6 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. Course 4 is designed for seniors in Electrical Engineering but it is open to all students who have completed course 3. 5. A shorter course in Heat and Applied Electricity for students in Mechanical Engineering. Mr. SAUNDERS. Two hours laboratory work, selected by the Assistant Professor M O L E R and student from afternoons ex. S., 2-6. Students taking course 5 are advised to attend the lectures an- nounced under course 4. 6. Advanced laboratory practice in general Physics for undergraduates who have completed course 3. uate courses iS, 19. and 20. to six hours a week. R ITT. This course is preparatory to grad- It is intended to meet the wants of those , and Mr. M E R (Seniors in who expect to teach experimental physics and may occupy from three Professor NICHOLS, Mr. 7. Thesis work in Physics and Applied Electricity. to this coarse during the Spring term.) 9. Practical Spring term. Electrical Engineering devote the equivalent of twelve hours a week Professor NICHOLS. Photography, counting one hour a week, during the Assistant Professor M O L E R and Mr. SAUNDERS. Course 9 is open only to students who have the requisite knowledge of chemistry, and those wishing to take it must bring a cer.ificate from the head of some department to the effect that it is needed in their course of study. Courses 11 to 20 are open (1) to graduate students, (2) to undergradua t e s of exceptional advancement. 11. Dyn uno Electric M . , F . , 12. Mr. Machinery. Two hours. Lectures, supple- mented by recitations upon Thomson's Dynamo-Electric Machinery. MERRITT. 12. Thermo dynamics, (Clausius). ranged. Mr. . Two hours, at times to be arTwo 13. Theory of Electricity and Magnetism (Mascart—Joubert). hours, at times to be arranged. Mr. S A U N D E R S . 14. Physiological Optics and the Science of Color. One lecture a week and laboratory practice. matics and Dynamics"). . [15. Kinematics and Dynamics (based upon Will not be given in 1890-91]. T w o hours. Assistant Professor M O L E R . Three hours. "KineMr. Professor NICHOLS. MacGregor's T w o hours, at times to be arranged. 16. Advanced Paotography, with especial reference to its application to research. Students who have completed courses 3, 4 a.id 9, or an equivalent will be admitted to this class. 17. Readings and Discussions. T w o hours. Critical reading of the COURSES OF INSTRUCT/ON. 107 One evening a standard periodical literature relating to Physics. week. Professor NICHOLS, Assistaut Professor M O L E K , Messrs. , M E R R I T T and SAUNDERS. Undergraduates taking advanced work in Physics, will be admitted to this class upon special application. 18. Absolute measurements iu Electricity and Magnetism. Three hours. Laboratory practice in the determination of current, electromotive force, resistance, electric capacity and the magnetic elements in absolute measure. Professor N I C H O L S and Assistant Professor Mor.BR. 19. Thermometry and Calorimetrv. Three hours. Laboratory practice, including the study of the thermometer as an instrument of precision, methods of measuring temperatures ami thermal capacities, influence of temperature upon various physical constants. Professor NICHOLS a n d Mr. M E R R I T T . 20. Advanced Spectroscopy. Three hours. Laboratory practice, devoted to the use of the spectrometer and sj)ectrophotometer. Professor NICHOLS ami MR. . Other courses of laboratory instruction will be arranged to meet the individual needs of graduate students. CHEMISTRY, METALLURGY, AND PHARMACY. 1. Inorganic Chemistry. Lectures throughout the year. Freshmen, T., Th., 12; Sophomores, M., \V\, 12. Acting P r o f e s s o r NEWBURY. Recitations, Fr., in sections, bv appointment. Assistaut Professor O R N D O R F F and Messrs. N E W B U R Y , K<»RTKIGHT, and . 2. Introductory Laboratory Practice in Inorganic Chemistry. One afternoon per week, by appointment. Acting Professor N E W B U R Y and Messrs. N E W B U R Y , K O R T R I G H T , and . This course is require 1, in addition to coarse 1, for all students who propose to take up later the stu lies of qualitative and quantitative analysis. 3. Inorganic Chemistry, advanced course. Acting Professor N E W B U R Y . Lectures. T., 10, F., 12. Course 3 is open to all who have taken course 1. 4. Agricultural Chemistry. Lectures. M., W., F., 9. CALDWELL. Professor 5. Qualitative Analysis. Laboratory work. Daily ex. S., 9-5. Professor C A L D W E L L , Mr. PRESWICK, and Mr. C H A M O T . Lectures and Recitations. Once weekly for each member of the class, in sections, by appointment. Mr. P R E S W I C K . Course 5 is open only to those who have had courses 1 and 2. io8 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. 6. Quantitative Analysis. Laboratory work. Daily Professor C A L D W E L L , Dr. E I L O A R T , and Mr. CHAMOT. ex. S.f 9-5. Course 6 is open only to those who have had course 5. 7. Quantitative Methods. W., 4.30. Professor C A L D W E L L and Dr. EII.OART. Course 7 is open only to advanced students in course 6. 8. Chemical Philosophy. T., Th., 4.30. Professor C A L D W E L L . [9. Applied Chemistry. N E W M RV.] Lectures. T., Th., 9. Acting Professor Course 9 is open only to those who have had course 1. It is given in alternate years with course « , and may be expected in 1891-92. S to. German Chetfrtcal Readings. M., W., 4.30. Dr. E I L O A R T . Course 10 is open only to advanced students in course 6. i i . Organic Chemistry. Lectures and recitations. T., W., Th., 9. Assistant Professor ORNDORFE. Laboratory practice, daily, ex. S., 9-5. Acting Professor NEWBURY and Assistant Professor O K N D O R F F . Open only to those who have had courses 1, 2, and 5. ita. Special Chapters in Organic Chemistry. Lectures, one hour per week, by appointment. Assistant Professor O R N D O R F F . Open to t h o s e who have had course 11. \2. Chemical Journals. One hour per week. Required of seniors in course in Chemistry. Professors and Instructors of the Department. l.v Metallurgy. Lectures. Spring term. T . , T h . , 12. Acting Professor N K W H I R Y . 14. Assaying. Laboratory work. Spring term. Daily, ex. F. and S., 9 - 1 . Acting Professor N E W B U R Y and Mr. N E W B U R Y . 15. Practical Pharmacy. fessor . 16. Practical Pharmacy. sistant Professor . Lectures. M., W., F., 10. Juniors. Assistant ProAs- Laboratory. M., 2.30-5. 17. Practical Pharmacy. Laboratory. Seniors. Op-^n only to those who have had course 15. Daily ex. S. Assistant Professor . 18. Materia Medica. T., Th., 12. Assistant Professor 19. Pharmacognosy (juniors). Hours to be assigned. Professor . 20. Pharmacognosy (seniors). Hours to be assigned. Professor . . Assistant Assistant LUUKSHZ Ut IKUL1IUISI. BOTANY AND ARBORICULTURE. 1. Botany. Introductory and general course. Fall and Winter. Lectures. M . , W , n . Professor PRENTISS. 2. Botany. Introductory laboratory course. Spring term. Two or more hours per week. M., \\\, u . Sections and hours by appointment. Mr. ROWLEB. Course 2 is a continuation of course 1 and must be preceded by the latter; both courses are required of all students before admission to subsequent coupes. 3. Systematic and Economic Botany. Three hours per week. Iu the Fall term, Taxonomy, with a study of the orders Composite and Gramineae. Winter term, representative natural orders and groups of economic plants. Spring term, either <1, field, herbarium and laboratory work ; or b, special study of the structure, affinities, distribution and economy of some one natural order ; or r, a special study of some economic group. Lectures. T., Th., 12. Professor PRENTISS. Laboratory work by appointment. Mr. ROWLV:E. [4. Arboriculture. Trees, their structure, characteristics and cultivation ; forests and forest economy ; elements of forestry. Spring term. Lectures F., 10. Seminary work by appointment. Professor Prentiss.] 5. Plant Physiology. Spring term. Lectures I\, 10. Laboratory work and experimental physiology by appointment. Professor P R E N TISS. 6. Exotics. A study of conservatory plants, their cultivation and propagation; management of plant-houses; practical greenhouse work. Subjects and hours by appointment Professor P R E N T I S S and Mr. SHORE. 7. Histology of Plants. Fall term. Three hours per week. Lectures T., 9. Laboratory work by appointment. Assistant Professor DUDLEY. 8. Higher Cryptogams. Fall term. Two or three hours per week. a. Mosses and Liverworts, b. Ferns and other Vascular Cryptoganiia. Lectures. W., 9. Laboratory work by appointment Assistant Professor D U D L E Y . (a) And (£) are given on alternate years. 1890-91. (0) May be expected in 9. Fungi. Spring term. Four hours per week. Lectures. T . , Th., 9. Laboratory work by appointment Assistant Professor DUDLEY. Course 7 should be taken before course 9. Courses 7 and 8 may be pursued during the same term. IIO COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. 10. Special advanced laboratory work ; investigations and theses. For graduate and advanced students. a. Phanerogams and Plant Physiology. Professor PRENTISS. b. Cryptogams and the Histology of Plants. DUDLEY. Assistant Professor ENTOMOLOGY AND G E N E R A L INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY. 1. Invertebrate Zoology. General course. Fall term. Lectures, ' M., \\\, F., io. During the greater part of the term there will be only two lectures a week, and one practical exercise by the class in sections, at hours to be arranged. Professor COMSTOCK. 2. Invertebrate Zoology. Special laboratory course. Fall and Spring terms. M., \ \ \ , F . , 8 - 1 ; T., Th., 2-6. Professor COMSTOCK. 3. Entomology. Lectures 011 the characteristics of the orders, subo r d e r s and the more important families, with special reference to those of economic importance. Spring term. M . , W . , F . , 10. Professor COMSTOCK. Course 3 is open only to students who have taken course 1. Those special students iu agriculture that do not take course 1, but who wish to studv entomology, are recommended to take at least three hours of laboratory work (course 4) in the Fall term, and to join the Entomological Seminary (course 5) in the Spring term. 4. Entomology. Laboratory work, insect anatomy, determination ' of species, and the study of the life-history of insects. Fall and Spring terms. M., \\\, F., 8-1 ; T., Th., 2-6. Professor COMSTOCK. 5. Entomological Seminary. The literature of entomology. Recent advances iu the practical application of entomology. Preparation and disciufcion of papers by members of the Seminary. Spring term. T., 2.30-4.30. Professor COMSTOCK. Course 5 is open only to students who have taken course 4. SUMMER COURSE. 6. Summer Course in Entomology and General Invertebrate Zoology. Lectures M., W., F., 9 ; field-work, T., Th., 8.30-11 ; laboratory work, daily ex. S-, 8-5. Professor COMSTOCK. 1 The laboratory and field work is arranged with reference to the needs and attainments of each student. After completing an elementary course in either general zoology or entomology, the student may select some subject in systematic zoology, economic entomology, or insect anatomy for special investigation. It is planned to have the work of each student, as far as possible, an original investigation. The chief object of the course is to give training in methods of natu- COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. Ill ral history work. The summer course begins the Wednesday ollowing Commencement, and lasts ten weeks. Only those students of this University who have taken courses i and 3 are admitted to course 6. Teachers and others desiring t a t a k e this course without previously attending the University, should state in their applications the amount of zoological work they have done. Registration for the course will close June ist. The tuition fee for the Summer Course is $25. Undergraduate students that have been members of the University during the preceding year, aud graduate students that have been admitted by the Faculty as candidates for an advanced degree arc excused from the payment of this fee. PHYSIOLOGY AND V E R T E B R A T E ZOOLOGY. 1. Physiology. Fall term. (Circumstances may require this to be. as in 1889-90, a weekly course through the year.) Thirty-six lectures, demonstrations and practicums. T., Th., n o r 12, and Th., 2.30, or S., 8-1. Two or more sections. Professor W I I . D E R . 2. Vertebrate Zoology. Winter term. Twenty lectures, M., W., 10; ten practicums, T., 2.30; laboratory work, two hours a week. Professor W I L D E R . Course 2 must be preceded or accompanied by course 1. 3. Morphology of the brain. Spring term. Eighteen lectures, T., 2.30, Th., 11 ; nine practicums, T., 3.30-6; laboratory work, two hours a week. Professor W I L D E R . Course 3 must be preceded bv course 2 and preceded or accompanied by course 1. 4. Anatomical Methods and Gross Anatomy. Fall term. Three hours per week. Laboratory w >rk, with a weekly recitation or lecture, Th., 4.45. Associate Professor G A G E . Course 4 must be preceded or accompanied by course 1 and freehand drawing. 5. Microscopical hours per week. tion, Th., 4.30. Methods and Histology. Winter term. Three Laboratory work, with a weekly lecture or recitaAssociate Professor G A G E . Course 4 is also desirable. Spring term. Four Course 5 is open only to students who have taken freehand drawing, and the first term of course 1. hours per week. tion, Th., 4.30. and 8. 6. The Methods and Elements of Embryology. Associate Professor G A G E . Laboratory work, with a weekly lecture or recita- Course 6 is open only to students who have taken courses 1, 2,4, 5, 112 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. 7. Human or Comparative Anatomy, or Systematic Vertebrate Zoology. Laboratory work, daily throughout the year. Professor W I L D E R and Associate Professor G A G E . Course 7 is a continuation of either courses 1 and 2 or 2 and 4, and must be preceded by the courses of which it is a continuation. 8. Vertebrate Histology. Laboratory work daily throughout the year. At least one term required for course 6. Associate Professor GAGE. 1 Course 8 is open only to those who have taken courses 1, 4, and 5. The laboratory work varies with the needs and purposes of the student, and the extent of his preparation. The preliminary work includes the study of the skeleton, the study and dissection of the muscles, viscera, vascular system, and the brain and nerves of the cat. GEOLOGY, PALEONTOLOGY AND MINERALOGY. 1. Mineralogy and Blowpipe Analysis. Fall term. Three hours. Lectures and conferences. (Required for engineers). M., W., F., 9. Assistant Professor K E M P and Mr. M A R S T E R S . 2. Geology, general course. Winter term. Lectures on dynamical and historical geology to follow course 1. (Required for engineers). M . , W., F . , 9. Professor H . S. W I L L I A M S . 3. Economic Geology. Lectures 011 the geology of ores, ore deposits and valuable rock material. Spring term. Three hours. (The course is intended to follow courses 1 and 2. Required for engineers). M . , W . , F . , 9. Assistant Professor K E M P . 4. Historical Paleontology. Lectures and conferences, illustrating the history of organisms. Spring term. (This course is intended to follow courses 1 and 2). M., W . , F., 11. Professor H. S. WILLIAMS. 5. Paleontology. Laboratory and field work and study of characteristic fossils, with conferences throughout the year. Professor H. S . W I L L I A M S and Mr. M A R S T E R S . (Intended to follow courses 1 and 2.) Laboratory open 9-5. 6. Advanced Mineralogy and Petrography. Crystal measurement, optical properties of minerals and microscopic work 011 rocks. Two lectures weekly throughout the year. Additional hours of laboratory work may be elected at the option of the student and the work will be directed. Requires courses 1 and 2 or an equivalent, and is intended for seniors and for resident graduates, candidates for a second degree. (Hours to be arranged). Assistant Professor K E M P . 7. Geological Laboratory. Original investigations by advanced students, with excursions under the direction of the department Hours to accommodate students. Assistaut Professor K E M P and Mr. MARSTERS. COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. S. Lithology MARSTERS. for Architects. One hour. Winter term. Mr. 9. Geology. Special course ; required for architects. Three hours. Lectures and laboratory work. Spring term. M., W., 1\, 11. Assistant Professor K E M P . 10. Survey Methods. Lectures and demonstrations 011 the methods of making, recording, and interpreting geological observations. Spring term. Th., 4. Professor I I . S . W I L L I A M S . AGRICULTURE. 1. Applied Agriculture. The preparation of soils ; general management of stock ; farm buildings ; farm yard manures ; commercial fertilizers ; farm accounts; principles of stock-breeding; races and breeds; breeding; feeding and management of cattle ; sheep bus. bandry; the horse ; farm drainage ; farm implements and machinery ; grains, grasses, and weeds; business customs, rights, and privileges ; relations of employers and laborers. Lectures, daily ex. S . , 11. Professor ROBERTS. Real estate; three lectures by Professor H. B. IIiTciilNS of the Law School. Personal Property and Contracts ; three lectures by Professor F. W. BURDICK of the Law School. 2. Agriculture, field work. Daily ex. S., 2 - 5 . Professor R O B E R T S . Inspection tours to points of technical interest throughout the State. (For Agricultural Chemistry, see Chemistry, course- 3 ; A r b o r i c u l ture, see Botany, course 4 ; Economic Entomology, see Entomology, courses 3, 4, and 5.) 3. Dairy Husbandry. Lectures, one hour per week, and practice twenty-five hours by appointment. Spring term. M . , n . Mr. W I N G . 4. Experiment Station Methods. Seminary. Critical study of the work of the Agricultural Experiment Stations as found in the published reports and bulletins. Winter term. S., 10. Mr. W I N G . HORTICULTURE. 1. Variation of Plants under Culture. A discussion of the principles which underlie the modification and amelioration of plants under the hand of man. The course includes the consideration of acclimatization, the modification of plants by latitude and climate, pollination and hybridization, selection, influences of soils and treatments, histories of cultivated plants, etc. Fall term. Lectures. T., Th., 10. Professor B A I L E Y . Course 1 is open to all students in all courses who have taken courses 1 and 2 in Botany. 8 U4 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. 2. Olericulture, or Vegetable Gardening; including a full discussion of forcing and forcing structures. Winter terra. Lectures and other class work. M., W., F., 12. Laboratory work once a week. Professor B A I L E Y and assistants. 3. Pomology. Spring term. Lectures and other class work. M., W., F., 12. Practicums once a week. Professor B A I L E Y and assistants. 4. Handicraft Practical training for students who intend to follow gardening as a business. An extension of either course 2 or 3, or both. By appointment. Professor B A I L E Y and assistants. 5. Investigation incident to previous courses. For graduates and advanced students. By appointment. Professor B A I L E Y . VETERINARY SCIENCE. 1. The anatomy, physiology, and hygiene of farm animals ; data for determining age ; principles of breeding, of shoeing, etc. Zymotic, parasitic, dietetic, and constitutional diseases of domestic animals. Veterinary sanitary science and police ; prevention of animal plagues by legislative and individual action. General diseases of the different systems of organs in the domestic animals. Lectures. Daily ex. S., 8. Clinical demonstrations as opportunity offers. Professor LAW. ARCHITECTURE. FRESHMAN YEAR. 1. Instrumental Drawing aud Projection. F., 11-1. M r . YOUNG. Winter term. M., W., 2. Building, Surveying and Levelling. Spring term. Lectures and field work, two afternoons per week. Assistant Professor OSBORNE. SOPHOMORE YEAR. 3. Building Materials and Construction. Winter term. Lectures by Professor BABCOCK. M., W., F., 9. Drawing. M., W., F., 2-4. Mr. Y O U N G . Spring term. Lectures and drawing. M., W., F., 2-4. Assistant Professor OSBORNE and Mr. Y O U N G . And each week four hours additional drawing. 4. Shades, Shadows, and Perspective. Spring term. Lectures by Assistant Professor OSBORNE. M . , W . , 9. Drawing six hours per week. JUNIOR Y E A R . 5. History of Architecture. Lectures by Professor BABCOCK. Fall term. M., W., F., 10. Winter term. Daily, 11. Spring term. M., W., F., 9. Drawing six hours per week. COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. 115 6. Designing. M., W . , F . , 2-5. Assistant Professor O S B O R N E . Additional drawing and library work in each term ten hours. First half of Spring term, Mechanics applied to Architectural Construction. Lectures by Professor B A B C O C K . T., Th., S., 9. With drawing as above. .7. Ornament. Th., 9. Spring term. Lectures by Professor B A B C O C K . YEAR. T., SENIOR 8. History of Architecture. Lectures bv Professor B A B C O C K . Fall term, M., W., F., 12. Winter term. T., Th., 9. 9. Designing. Fall and Winter terms. Lectures. T., W., 10. Lectures and drawing. T., W., Til., 2.30-5. Spring term. Lectures. T., Th., 11. Drawing. M . , W., 10-12. Assistant Professor O S B O R N E . Additional drawing and library work, each term, twelve hours per week. 10. Heating, etc. Lectures by Professor B A B C O C K . Fall term. T., Th., 9, andT., 12. 11. Stereotomy. Lectures by Professor B A B C O C K . Winter term. M., F., 2.30, and six hours j>er week drawing and modelling. 12. Professional Practice. Spring term. Lectures by Professor BABCOCK, once a week. CIVIL ENGINEERING. YEAR. FRESHMAN la. Lettering. Round Writing. Fall term. per week. F., 10-1. Mr. V E D D E R . ib. Lettering. Th., 10-1. Mr. Drawing, three hours T., Spring term. VEDDER. Drawing, six hours per week. 2. Linear Drawing. Winter term. T., Th., F., 10-12. Mr. V E D D E R . SOPHOMORE Drawiug, six hours per week. YEAR. 3. Descriptive Geometry*. term. OGDEN. Recitations, two hours per week. , and Mr. Fall M., W., 8. T., Th., 8. Assistant Professor Assistant Professor , Mr. V E D D E R , and Mr. VEDDER. M., W . , 9. Assistant Professor , and Mr. O G D E N . T., Th., 9. Assistant Professor , and Mr. V E D D E R . Winter term. M., W., 8. Assistant Professor , Mr. VEDDER, and Mr. O G D E N . T., Th., 8. Mr. V E D D E R . M., W., 9. Assistant Professor , Mr. V E D D E R , and Mr. O G D E N . T., Th., 9. Assistant Professor C R A N D A J X , and Mr. V E D D E R . 116 Spring term. . or COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. « Recitations in Descriptive Geometry for Architects Assistant Professors C R A N D A L I , and . Assistant Profess, AsM., W., 10-12. Assistant Professor M., W., 10-12. Winter term. Assistant Professor Fall term. T., Th., 10-12. and Civil Engineers. T., Th., 8. T., T h . , 9. Original Problems. , and Mr. O G D E N . Mr. V E D D K R , and Mr. O G D E N . sistant Professor dents. M., W . ( S -12. Mr. W E B B , and Mr. O G D E N . T.. Th., S~I2. CRANDAI.L. , Mr. W E B B , and Mr. O G D E N . Spring term. Assistant Professor M., W., 10-12. T., Th., 10-12. For Sibley College Stu, and Mr. W E B B . For Students in Civil Assistant Professor . Mr. W E B B , and Mr. O G D E N . Engineering and Architecture. T . , Th., 10-12. Assistant Professor 4. Pen Topography. Fall Term. Drawing, four hours per week. M., W., 10-12. F., 10-12. Mr. V E D D K R * Winter term. Drawing, two hours per week. Mr. O G D E N . Spring term. Lectures, recitations and field Mr. 5. Land Surveying. work, eight hours per week, M., W., 8-9; M., W., F., 10-12. V E N D E R a n d Mr. O G D E N . 6. Colored Topography. fessor W I N G . vSpring. T., Th., 10-12. Assistant Pro- JUNIOR YEAR. 7. Mechanics of Engineering. S. Fall term. 10. tant Professor WINC.. Mr. W E B B . 10, 12. IO, 12. Lectures and recitations, daily ex. 10, 11, 12. Assis8,12. Winter term. 10, 11, 12. Assistant Professor C H U R C H . Mr. W E B B . 12. 10, 12. 12. Assistant Professor C H U R C H . Spring term. Assistant Professor W I N G . Assistant Mr. W E B B . Professor CHURCH. Lectures and draw- Assistant Professor W I N G . 8. Shades, Shadows, Perspective, and Tinting. ing, ten hours per week. 9. Technical reading. Daily, 8-10. Winter term. Mr. W E B B . Critical study of foreign tech; nical literature, three hours per week, M., T., W., 12. French, Italian, Spanish, Professor F U E R T E S ; German, Assistant Professor French, Mr. O G D E N . 10. Structural Details. Winter term. Lectures and drawing, six . Lectures, three hours per . Fall term. hours per week, T., Th., 8-11. week, M., W., F., 12. nomics. Assistant Professor 11. Forms and Proportions of Structures. Assistant Professor 12. Railroad Location, Railroad Construction, and Railway EcoLectures, recitations, drawing, and field work. M., W., F., 9-11. Assistant Professor C R A N D A U , . M., W., F., 10-12. Winter term. Th., F., 11. Spring term. T., COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. 117 13. Bridge Stresses. Spring term. Lectures and recitations, five hours per week. Daily, ex. S . , 9. Assistant Professor C R A N D A E E . 14. Topographical practice, etc. Spring term. Two weeks field work in the C. U. Surveys of Central New York, twelve hours per day, and one week office work, six hours per day. Professor F U E R T E S , Assistant Professors C R A N D A L L , CHURCH, and W I N G . * SENIOR YEAR. 15. Spherical Astronomy. Fall term. Lectures and computations. Daily, ex. S., 10. Professor FUERTES. Night observations, twice a week, 7-11. Professor FUERTES, Mr. V E D D E R and Mr. O G D E N . 16. Stereotomy, and Theory of the Arch. Fall term. Lectures and drawing, six hours per week. M., W., F., 8~io. Assistant Professor CRANDALL. 17. Civil Engineering. Lectures. Winter term. M., W., F., 9. Professor FUERTES. 18. Hydraulics. Fall term. Lectures and recitations. Daily, ex. S., II. Assistant Professor CilVRCH. 13a. Bridge Designing. Fall term. Lectures aud drawing, four hours per week. T., Th., S-10. Assistant Professor C R A N D A M . . 19. Higher Geodesy. Winter term. Lectures and recitations. Daily, ex. S., 8. Assistant Professor C R A N D A M . . 20. Theory of Oblique Arches, Masonry Designs, and Stone Cutting. Winter term. Lectures and designs, six hours per week. M., W., F. Assistant Professor W I N G . 21. Hydraulic Motors. Spring term. Lectures aud recitations. M., T . , W . , Th., 11. Assistant Professor CHURCH. 22. Engineering Economics. Spring term. Lectures. M., W., 10. Professor F l ERTES. 23. Hvdrographic Mapping and Chart Making. Spring term. Drawing. eight hours per week. M., T., W., Th., S-10. Assistant Professor WING. 24. Theses. Spring term. The subject to be approved by the Director of the College. 14a. Geodetical practice, etc. Spring term. Two weeks field work in the C. U. Surveys of Central New York, fourteen hours per day. Office work, one week, five hours per day. Professor F u E R T E S , Assistant Professors C R A N D A L I , , CHURCH, and W I N G . 25. Engineering Laboratory work. Throughout the year. Daily from 9 a. m. to 6 p. in., as assigned. The Professors and Instructors of the department. 26. Sanitary and Municipal Engineering. T., Th., 12. Professor FUERTES. Fall term. Lectures. Ii8 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. Lectures. T., Th., 10. T., Th., 10-12. Professor Assistant 28. Hydraulic Engineering. FUERTES. 29. Geodetic office work. Professor C R A N D A L L . Winter term. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING A N D T H E M E C H A N I C ARTS. 1. Kinematics and Mechanism. Juniors. Recitations and lectures. Fall term. M . , W . , F., 9. Assistant Professor A. W . S M I T H . 2. Materials of Construction. Juniors. Recitations and lectures. Winter term. M., W., F . , 8, 9. Assistant Professor A. W. S M I T H . 3. Machine Design. Fall and Winter terms. Seniors. M., W., F., 9. Assistant Professor C A N A G A . Spring term. Juniors, daily, ex. S., 9. Assistant Professor A. W. S M I T H . 4. Electrical Machinery. Fall and Winter terms. Seniors. M., W . , F. Assistant Professor R Y A N . 5. Steam Engines and other Motors. Thermodynamics and the theory of steam and other heat engines. Fall term. Lectures. Daily, ex. S., 10. Professor T H U R S T O N . 6. Applied Theory of the Steam and other Engines. Winter term. Lectures. Daily, ex. S., 10. Structure and operation. Spring term. M., W., F., 10. Professor T H U R S T O N . 7. Steam Generation. Design, construction, and operation of the steam boiler. Spring term. T., Th., 10. Professor T H U R S T O N . S. Shopwork. (a) Freshmen. Woodworking; use of tools; carpentry ; joinery; pattern-making; turning, (b) Sophomores and juniors. Blacksmithing ; use of tools; forging; welding; tool-dressing, etc. (c) Juniors and sophomores. Foundry work ; moulding; casting; mixing metals; brass-work, etc. (d) Juniors and seniors. Machinist's work ; use of hand and machine tools; working to form and to gnage ; finishing ; construction ; assemblage; erection. Daily, as assigned, 8 - 1 , 2 - 6 . Professor M O R R I S ; Messrs. T O W L E , W O O D , Y A N D E R H O E K . G R A N G E R , CHESEBROUGH, and POLLAY. 9. Freehand Drawing. Daily, ex. S., 10-1, 2-4. Associate Professor C L E A V E S , Messrs. G U T S E L L , N O Y E S , and W I L L I S . 10. Instrumental Drawing. Required of freshmen in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering. Spring term. Daily, ex. S., 11-1. Associate Professor C L E A V E S , and Messrs. N O Y E S , and W I L H S . 11. Mechanical Drawing. Specials. Daily, ex. S., 8-1. Professor M O R R I S , or in classes as assigned. 12. Junior Designing and fessor H . D. W I L L I A M S . Drawing as assigned. Assistant Pro- COURSES * OF INSTRUCTION. 119 T., Tli., 1 1 - 1 ; S., . 13. Senior Designing and Drawing as assigned. 8-1. Assistant Professors R Y A N , C A N A G A , and 14. Mechanical Laboratory. (Steam Engine.) Lectures. Juniors. Standardization of Apparatus, and Tests of Boilers aud Prime Movers. Spring term. T., Th., 11. Seniors. Fall and Winter terms. Experimental work in standardization and in tests of boilers and prime movers. Daily, 2 - 5 . Associate Professor C A R P E N T E R , Assistant Professor C A N A G A , and Mr. B I S S E L L . 15. Mechanical Laboratory. (Strength of Materials.) Study of methods of testing materials, in course. Juniors. Winter term. M., W., F., 8, 9. Experimental work in the laboratory, strength of materials. Spring term. Daily, 2 - 5 . Associate Professor C A R P E N T E R aud Mr. BissEEE. Advanced work and research, as assigned by the D I R E C T O R . 16. Electrical Engineering. Graduates, as assigned. Assistant Professor R Y A N . 17. Advanced work iu special courses and graduate work in Mechanical Engineering, as may be assigned by Professor T H U R S T O N . 18. Lectures oil various professional subjects, by non-resident lecturers, as announced iu the Register, at times to be assigned and announced. MILITARY SCIENCE AND TACTICS. . 1. Infantry drill. School of the soldier. School of the company. School of the battalion and small-arm target practice. Fall and Spring terms. M . , W . , F., 4 . 1 5 . Lieutenant T I T H E R L Y . 2. Artillery drill. School of the .soldier dismounted. Saber e x e r cise and target practice. School of the battery dismounted for selected detachments. Fall and Spring terms. M., W., F., 4.15. Lieutenant TUTHERLY. 3. Military Signaling, for selected detachments. terms. M., W . , F., 4.15. Lieutenant T U T H E R L Y . Fall and Spring Students in courses 2 ami 3 are selected by the Commandant from those reasonably proficient in course 1. 4. Military Science. TUTHERLY. Lectures. Winter. M., W., 4.30. Lieutenant Any member of the cadet corps who has satisfactorily performed all the duties required for the first year, aud who is qualified therefor, may be selected for the place of a commissioned officer, if needed. For the performance of his duties as a commissioned officer in the junior or senior year, he is entitled to a credit of three recitation hours IZO LUUKdliZ UP liw^lKULTIVN. a week for the Fall and Spring terms; and, at graduation, lie mayreceive a certificate of military proficiency with his diploma, provided he has also completed the course in military science prescribed for the Winter term of the senior year. On the graduation of each class, the names of such students as have shown special aptitude for military service will be reported to the Adjutant General of the Army and to the Adjutant General of the State of New York, and the names of the three most distinguished students in military science and tactics will, when graduated, be inserted 011 the U. S. Army Register and published in general orders from headquarters of the army. HYGIENE AND PHYSICAL CULTURE. 1. Hygiene, and Physical Culture. Required of all freshmen. Lectures. Fall term. Class in two sections. Saturdays throughout the term. Hours to be assigned. Professor H I T C H C O C K . 2. Physical examinations. Students of all classes by special appointment. Gymnasium office. Daily, 10 to 12, and 2 to 4, ex. S. ProfVssc>r IIITCHc<>CK. v Special medical advice to indigent students. Gymnasium office. Daily, from 12 to 1, throughout the year. Professor H I T C H C O C K . 4. Gymnastic exercises. Asthenic class, consisting of men who in the judgment of the Director,—which judgment is founded on the physical examination,—are imperatively in need of special physical development. Fall and Spring terms. The work consists of class and squad work, special developing exercises, and exercises prescribed by the Director for individual deformity or immaturity. Daily, ex. S., 5 — 6 . Mr. NEIXIGAX. 5. Gymnastic exercises. Winter term. Sophomores. 4.30 to 6. T., F. Freshmen. Same hours ou M., and Th. Optional class on W., and S., at 5. Special exercises for individuals during the forenoons at hours to be arranged. Mr. N E L U G A N . 6. Ladies' gymnastic exercise. All classes except seniors. Sage College gymnasium. Throughout the year. Instruction is given in class exercises, with and without apparatus. Daily, ex. S., 5. Professor H I T C H C O C K . COURSES OF STUDY. I. THE GENERAL COURSES. The special requirements of each of the general courses will be seen below. While pursuing their elective work, which covers a small part of the sophomore year, and nearly the whole of the junior and senior years, students are urgently advised to proceed upon a carefully formed and clearly defined plan, and to aim at the attainment of special proficiency in certain subjects. The members of the Faculty will be pleased to give advice aud assistance in the forming of such plans. The elective hours of the sophomore year should be used with thoughtful reference to the special studies which the student designs to pursue during the junior and senior years. For example, students who intend to make a specialty of Greek should add to the required work the elective hours in that study which are open to sophomores ; students of history and political science should take mediaeval history * or modern history ; candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Philosophy, who desire to make a specialty of science, should take physics ; students of all courses who desire to pursue advanced mathematics should take analytic geometry and calculus ; students desiring to take a complete course in natural history with a view to teaching it, or with the intention of the ultimate study of medicine, should elect freehand drawing, invertebrate zoology, vertebrate zoology, and botany. Students who shall devote at least five hours continuously, with marked proficiency during the last two years to any single subject, and pass the requisite examinations, may, upon application on or before June i, receive mention of the fact in their diplomas. » 122 COURSES OF STUDY. TO THE DEGREE * 3d Term. 3 3 3 3 2 2 OF BACHELOR T H E COURSE LEADING O F ARTS. Freshman Year. ist Term. 2d Term. Latin 3* 3 Greek 3 3 Mathematics.... 3 3 French 3 3 English 2 2 Greek history . . . 2 Roman history. . . 2 Hygiene * » • 1 - Military drill . . . 17 16 16 2 Physical training . 2 Military drill. . 2 2d Term. 3 3 3 2 3 3d Term. 3 3 3 2 3 Sophomore Year. istTerm. Latin 3 Greek 3 German 3 English 2 Physiology, \ Psychology, and > 3 Logic J Military drill . . . !4 14 14 2 Physical training . 2 Military drill. . 2 Elective . . . o to 4 each term. Senior Year. 2d Term. 3d Term. Thesis 2 2 Military Science 2 The remaining work of the junior and senior years is elective. T H E COURSE LEADING TO T H E D E G R E E OF BACHELOR OF PHILOSOPHY. Students in the course in Philosophy who in the last two years elect continuously not less than nine hours of studies in history and political science will, upon application on or before June 1, receive} the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy in History and Political Science. •The figures indicate the number of University exercises per week or their equivalent in hours counted toward graduation. COURSES OF STUD Y. Freshman Year. Latin German . . . French. . . . Mathematics.. English. . . . Greek history . Hygiene . . . 1st Term. •3 • 3 •3 2d Term. . . . 3 3 3 3 • . • • . • • • • . • • • . . • • • . . . . . . . . . . 123 3d Term. . . . . 3 3 3 3 . •3 . 2 . 2 Roman history . . 1 . . . . 2 16 16 17 Military d r i l l . . . 2 Physical training . 2 Military drill . . 2 Sophomore Year. 1st Term. Latin 3 French or German 3 History . 3 English 2 Physiology, 1 Psychology, and ^ 3 Logic J 2d Term. 3 3 3 2 3 3d Term. . 3 3 3 2 3 14 14 '4 Military drill . . . 2 Physical training . 2 Military drill . . 2 Elective . . . o to 4 each term. Senior Year. 2d Term. 3d Term. Thesis 2 . . . - . . . . 2 Military science 2 The remaining work of the junior and senior year- is elective. Those who at entrance offer uiathematics instead of French or G e r man, must take two years of each of those languages in their course. They must also elect at least one hour a term in place of the mathematics assigned for the freshman year. THE COURSE L E A D I N G TO T H E DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF Freshman Year. 1st Term. Mathematics . . . 5 French German Chemistry English Hygiene 3 3 3 2 I LETTERS. 2d Term. 5 3 3 3 2 3d Term. 5 3 3 3 2 17 Military d r i l l . . . 16 16 2 2 Physical training. 2 Military drill . . 124 COURSES OF STUD Y. 2d Term. 3 3 2 3 3 3d Term. 3 3 2 3 3 Sophomore Year, ist Term. French 3 German 3 English 2 Physics 3 Physiology, Psychology, and [ 3 Logic J 1 14 14 14 Military drill . . . 2 Physical training . 2 Military drill . 2 Elective . . . o to 4 each term. Senior Year. 2d Term. 3d Term. Thesis 2 2 Military Science 2 The remaining work of the junior and senior years is elective, with the condition that students must devote at least nine hours continuously to literary, historical, and philosophical subjects. l ; or the course in Letters two years of both French and German are required, in addition to the entrance requirements in those languages. T h o > • w h o at entrance offer mathematics instead of one of the modern languages must take three years of that language in their course. They must als > elect at least three hours a term in place of the mathematics assigned for the freshman year. THE GENERAL COURSE LEADING TO T H E DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE. Students in the course in Science who in their sophomore year elect invertebrate and vertebrate zoology, and at least two terms of freehand drawing, and who in the last two years elect continuously not less than nine hours in natural history, and pass an examination before the beginning of the senior year in Latin equivalent to four books of Caesar's Commentaries, and in Greek sufficient to show ability to recognize and analyze scientific technical terms, will, upon application on or before June 1, receive the degree of Bachelor of Science in Natural History. Freshman Year. ist Term. 2d Term. 3d Term. Mathematics . . . 5 French 3 German 3 English 2 Chemistry . . . . 3 Hygiene 1 17 Military drill . . . 5 3 3 2 3 16 5 3 3 2 3 16 2 Physical training . 2 Military drill. . 2 COURSES OF STUD Y. Sophomore Year. 1st Term. French or German 3 English Physics Botany Physiology, ) Psychology, and V Logic J 2 3 2 3 2d Term. 3 2 3 2 3 125 3d Term. 3 2 3 2 3 13 Military drill . . . 2 Physical training. Elective . . . . 1 - 5 each term, 13 2 Military drill. . 13 2 Senior Year. 2 1 Term. < 3d Term. Thesis 2 2 Military science 2 The remaining work of the junior and senior years is elective, with the condition that students must devote at least nine hours continuously to scientific subjects. For the course in Science, two years of French and one year of German, or two years of Gentian and one year of French are required, in addition to the entrance requirements in those subjects. Those who at entrance offer mathematics instead of one of the modern languages must take the full amount of both French ami German as indicated above. They must also elect at least three hours a term in place of the mathematics assigned for the freshman year. II. THE TECHNICAL COURSES. T H E C O U R S E IN AGRICULTURE. Leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Agriculture. Freshman Year. 1st Term. Mathematics . . . 3 French or Gennan . 3 English 2 Freehand drawing 3 Chemistry . . . . 3 Hygiene 1 2d Term. 3 3 2 3 3 3d Term. 3 3 2 3 3 - 15 Military d r i l l . . . U 14 2 2 Physical training . 2 Military drill . . 128 COURSES OF STUD Y. 2d Term. 2 3 3d Term. 2 • • 3 Sophomore Year, ist Term. English 2 Physics 3 Invertebrate zool. 3 Vertebrate zoology 3 Entomology . . 3 Physiology, ] Psychology, and > 3 - ' * • 3 • • 3 Logic J Anat. methods . . . r Micros, methods . 1 Anatomical lab. . . 2 Microscopical lab. 2 Applied Math. . 3 Botany 2 2 2 16 16 16 Military drill . . . 2 Physical training . 2 Military drill . . 2 Elective, 0 - 2 each term. Senior Year. Thesis Military Science 2d Term. 2 2 3d Term. 2 The remaining work of the junior and senior years is elective, with the condition that at least twelve hours must be devoted continuously to studies specially relating to agriculture or horticulture, a list of which is given below (the studies being arranged in the general order iu which they should be taken) : Agricultural chemistry : lectures ; laboratory work in qualitative and quantitative analysis. Botany : compositae and graminae ; arboriculture and landscape gardening ; vegetable physiology, vegetable histology ; fungi aud algae, and systematic and applied botany. Geology, economic : lectures. Entomology : lectures and laboratory practice. Horticulture : lectures and field work. Veterinary studies : anatomy and physiology ; pathology ; sanitary science ; parasites ; medicine and surgery. Agriculture : lectures and field work ; dairy husbandry aud laboratory work ; experiment station methods (for seniors). Land surveying. Those who at entrance offer mathematics instead of one of the modern languages, must take a year each of French and German in the University. COURSES THE COURSE IN OF STUD J ARCHITECTURE. 127 Leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Architecture. FRESHMAN FALL TERM.—French YEAR. or German,* 3 ; algebra, 5 ; rhetoric, 2 ; freehand drawing, 3 ; hygiene, 1 ; chemistry, 2 ; drill, 2. W I N T E R T E R M . — F r e n c h or German, 3 ; trigonometry, 5 ; rhetoric, 2 ; freehand drawing, 3 ; linear drawing, 2 ; chemistry, 2 ; physical training, 2. SPRING T E R M . — F r e n c h or German, 3 ; analytic geometry, 5 ; rhetoric, 2 ; pen drawing, 3 ; chemistry, 2 ; surveying and levelling, 2; drill, 2. SOPHOMORE FALL TERM.—Calculus, 5 ; YEAR. descriptive geometry, 3 ; mechanics and heat, 3 ; botany, 2 ; figure drawing, 2 ; drill, 2. W I N T E R T E R M . — B u i l d i n g materials and construction, 6 ; descriptive geometry, 3 ; electricity and magnetism, 3 ; l>otany, 2 ; pen drawing, 2 ; blowpipe analysis, 1 ; physical training, 2. SPRING T E R M . — C o n s t r u c t i o n , 4 ; descriptive geometry, 3 ; acoustics and optics, 3 ; shades, shadows, and perspective, 3 ; g e o l o g y , 3 ; drill, 2. JUNIOR FALL TERM.—Mechanics, YEAR. 5 ; E g y p t i a n , G r e e k , and Roman architecture, 3 ; designing, 5 ; water color drawing, 3. W I N T E R T E R M . — M e c h a n i c s , 5 ; Byzantine and Romanesque architecture, 5 ; designing, 5 ; structural details, 2. S P R I N G T E R M . — G o t h i c architecture. 5 ; ornament, 2 ; photography, 1 ; designing, 7 ; water color drawing, 2. SENIOR Y E A R . architecture, 3 ; theory of the arch, 3 ; designing, 8 ; heating, ventilation, etc., 3. W I N T E R T E R M . — M o d e m architecture, 3 ; stereotomy, 2 ; designing, 8 ; thesis, 2 ; military science, 2. S P R I N G T E R M . — P r o f e s s i o n a l practice, 1 ; modelling, 2 ; designing, 5 ; decoration, 3 ; thesis, 2. FALL TERM.—Renaissance * Freshmen in Architecture are recommended to elect a second year of the language offered at entrance. 128 COURSES OF STUD Y. T H E C O U R S E IN CHEMISTRY. L e a d i n g to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Chemistry. Freshman Year. istTerm. 2d Term. 5 3 2 3 3d Term. 5 3 2 3 Mathematics . . . . 5 German 3 English 2 Chemistry 3 Hygiene » * 1 15 14 14 2 Physical training . 2 Military drill. . 2 2d Term. 3d Term. Military d r i l l . . . . Sophomore Year. istTerm. 3 2 3 G e r m a n or Qnal.anal. English Physics Physiology, L o g i c . \ and Psychology Qnal. or Ouant. anal. Adv. Inorg. Client. . 3 or Quant, anal. . 3 2 % 3 3 0 3 2 17 4 2 17 4 2 17 Military d r i l l . . . . Junior Year. 2 Physical training . 2 Military d r i l l . . 2 2d Term. 3d Term. istTerm. Applied Chemistry or Client. Philosophy 2 Organic Chemistry . 5 German Chemical Readings Quantitative Anal. . 6 B 2 2 5 5 2 5 6 aTfilntatgv } 3 Microscopy . . . . x 15 15 Elective, 3 each term. COURSES Senior Year. ist Term. Organic Chemistry Special Chapters Organic Chem. La3 * boratory Practice Quantitative Anal. . 1 2 . Metallurgy - . Chem. Philosophy or Applied Chem. . . Military Science . . - . Thesis - . iS OF STUDY. 2d Term. . . 1 129 3d T e r m . 1 • • 3 • • 6 3 7% . . 2 Assaying.... . . 2 3 2 2 18 . . 2 . . 2 is The above assignment of time in the junior and senior years to quantitative analysis and organic chemistry, mav be considerably modified with the advice and consent of the professor concerned, in accordance with the aims of the individual student. Students in the course in Chemistry w h o at entrance offer mathematics and German, must take French in place of the mathematics assigned for the freshman year, and must elect at least two hours a term in addition; those who offer French and mathematics, must elect at least five hours in place of the mathematics assigned. In every case, one year of German is to be taken, in addition to the entrance requirement in that subject. G R A D U A T E C O U R S E S IN CHEMISTRY. Special advantages are offered to graduates of this and other schools of science, who may desire to pursue advanced studies in the department of chemistry, leading to the higher scientific degrees. Graduate courses are offered in analytical, pharmaceutical, organic, and h i g h e r theoretical chemistry ; and students pursuing these studies, or engaging iu original research, will receive all possible advice and assistance from professors and instructors. T H E COURSES IN C I V I L ENGINEERING. A four-year course leading to the degree o f Civil Engineer, FRESHMAN FALL TERM.—Algebra, 5 ; YEAR. linear drawing and tinting, 4 ; land surveying, 3 ; chemistry, 2 ; rhetoric, 2 ; hygiene, 1 ; military drill, 2. W I N T E R T E R M . — T r i g o n o m e t r y , 5 ; pen topography, 3 ; lettering, 3 ; chemistry, 2 ; rhetoric, 2 ; physical training, 2. 9 130 CO URSES OF STUD V. 1 geometry, 5 ; land surveying, 4 ; colored topography, 3 ; lettering, 1 ; chemistry, 2 ; rhetoric, 2 ; military drill, 2. SPRING TERM.—Analytic SOPHOMORE F A L E TERM.—Calculus, YEAR. mechanics and heat, 3 ; any, 2 ; military drill, 2. WINTER 5 ; descriptive geometry, 3 ; experimental mineralogy and blowpipe analysis, 3 ; bot- T E R M . — C a l c u l u s , 5 ; descriptive geometry, 3 ; electricity and magnetism, 3 ; general geology, 3 ; botany, 2; physical training, 2. S P R I N G T E R M . — D e s c r i p t i v e geometry, 3 ; shadows and perspective, 2 ; acoustics and optics, 3 ; economic geology, 3 ; metallurgy, 2^; rhetoric, 1 ; technical reading in foreign languages, 3 ; military drill, 2. JUNIOR FALL YEAR. railway location, 3 ; civil constructions, 3; engineering laboratory work, 3 ; political economy, 3. W I N T E R T E R M . — M e c h a n i c s of engineering, 5 ; railway construction. 4 ; structural details, 2 ; engineering laboratory work, 3 ; political economy, 3. S P R I N G T E R M . — M e c h a n i c s of engineering, 4 ; form and proportion of structures, 2; bridge stresses, 4 ; railway economics, 2; political economy, 3 ; topographical practice, two weeks, and office work, one week, 3. SENIOR F A L L TERM.—Hydraulics, 5 ; YEAR. T E R M . — M e c h a n i c s of engineering, 5 ; spherical astronomy, 5 ; practical astronomy, night observations, 2 ; bridge designing, 3 ; cartography, 3. W I N T E R T E R M . — H y d r a u l i c motors, 2 ; hydraulic engineering, 3 ; theory of right and oblique arches, 3 ; higher geodesy, 5 ; special engineering laboratory work, 3. S P R I N G T E R M . — M u n i c i p a l engineering, 3 ; sanitary engineering, 3 ; stone cutting, 3 ; geodetic and astronomical computations, 3 ; special engineering laboratory work, 3 ; trigonometric and hydrographic surveys of Central New York, two weeks, and office work, one week, 3; preparation of theses, 4. The civil engineering laboratories, as well as the chemical, mechan ical, and physical laboratories, are open throughout the year for students having the necessary preparation. l/L/AJiiJ l/r .Ji UJW X G R A D U A T E COUR9E I N F A L L TERM.—Wood BRIDGE ENGINEERING. and stone bridges, 3 ; bridge details and design, 3 ; engineering architecture, 3 ; laboratory investigations of materials of construction, 3 ; elective, 6. W I N T E R T E R M . — I r o n bridges, 3 ; bridge details and design, 3 ; hoisting and pumping machinery, 3 ; designs and details of cranes, pumps, etc., 2; hydraulic laboratory investigations, 4 ; elective, 4. S P R I N G T E R M . — B r i d g e contracts and specifications, 3 ; bridge superintendence and construction, 3 ; special types of trusses, swing and pivot bridges, 3 ; bridge designing, 3 ; thesis, 6. G R A D U A T E C O U R S E IN R A I L R O A D F A L L TERM.—Economics ENGINEERING. of railway location, 3 ; railway projects, 3 ; structure and efficiency of locomotive engines and railway machinery, 3 ; advanced general and economic geology, 3 ; laboratory investigations of materials of construction, 3 ; elective, 3. W I N T E R T E R M . — E c o n o m i c s of railway construction, 3 ; projects and designs of track details and accessory works, 3 ; special types of railway machinery and locomotives, 3 ; hoisting and pumping machinery, 3 ; designs and details of cranes, pumps, etc., 2; electrical laboratory practice, 4. SPRING T E R M . — R a i l w a y maintenance and management, 5 ; contracts and specifications for railway construction, 3 ; contracts and specifications for railway machinery, 3 ; railway jurisprudence, 3 ; projects and thesis, 5. G R A D U A T E COURSE IN S A N I T A R Y FALL TERM.—Advanced ENGINEERING. general and economic geology, 3 ; laboratory investigations of materials of construction, 3 ; water collection and distribution, 5 ; special chemical laboratory practice, 3 ; elective, 4. W I N T E R T E R M . — S e w e r a g e of cities and towns, 3 ; designs of watersupply systems, 3 ; hoisting and pumping machinery, 3 ; designs and details of cranes aud pumps, 2 ; hydraulic laboratory investigations, 4; elective, 3. and improvement of lands, 3 ; sewerage and water supply designs, 3 ; estimates, specifications, aud contracts, 3; administration and management of public works, 3 ; sanitary and municipal legislation, 2 ; projects aud thesis, 4. SPRING TERM.—Drainage 132 CO URSES OF STUD Y. ENGINEERING. G R A D U A T E COURSE IN HYDRAULIC F A I X T E R M . — A d v a n c e d general and economic geology, 3 ; labora- tory investigations of materials of construction, 3 ; water collection and distribution, 5 ; motion of water in natural aud artificial channels, 3 ; elective, 4. W I N T E R TERM.—Construction of canals and improvement of rivers, 5 ; hoisting and pumping machinery, 3 ; designs and details of cranes, pumps, etc., 2 ; hydraulic laboratory investigations, 4 ; study of hydraulic problems, 2 ; elective, 3. S P R I N G TERM.—-Coast and harbor improvements, 5 ; estimates, spec- i f i c a t i o n s , and contracts, 3 ; administration and management of public works, 3 ; projects and thesis, 6. G R A D U A T E C O U R S E IN G E O D E T I C ENGINEERING. F A L L T E R M . — A d v a n c e d general and economic geology, 3 ; advanced astronomical practice, 5 ; geodetic field and laboratory work, 3 ; mine r a l o g y , 3 ; political economy, 3 ; elective, 2 or 3. WINTER TERM.—Advanced geodesy, 3 ; systematic and applied botany, 3 ; political economy, 3 ; special cartography, 3 ; metallurgy,. 2 ; physical laboratory practice, 4. SPRING TERM.—Geodetic practice, 6 ; political economy, 3 ; mag- netic laboratory practice, 3 ; meteorology, 2; thesis, 4. For detailed information as to the qualifications for admission to the above graduate courses, see index, or apply to the Director of the Department of Civil Engineering. C O U R S E S IN M E C H A N I C A L ENGINEERING. Professional Courses leading to the Degree of Mechanical Engineer.* R E G U L A R COURSE. FRESHMAN YEAR. FALL T E R M . — F r e n c h or German,F 3 ; algebra, 5 ; chemistry, 3 ; freehand drawing, 3 ; shopwork, 3 ; hygiene, 1 ; drill, 2. • All elections to be approved by the Director. Students will report for instructions. Number received limited by capacity; at present, to 100 in Freshman, or about 300 in all classes. Students are advised and encouraged to take shop practice in vacation. Three hours in the shop, or two and a half in the laboratory or drawing room, count as one in the schedule. t Freshmen in Sibley College are recommended to elect the language not offered at entrance. * • COURSES WINTER TERM.—French SPRING TERM.—French OF STUDY. 133 or German, 3 ; algebra, 5 ; chemistry, 3 ; or German, 3 ; trigonometry, 5 ; instru- freehand drawing and machine sketching, 3 ; shopwork, 3. mental drawing, 3 ; chemistry, 3 ; shopwork, 3 ; drill, 2. SOPHOMORE FALL YEAR. geometry, 5 ; descriptive geometry, 3 ; experimental mechanics and heat, 3 ; chemical laboratory, 3 ; shopwork, 3 ; drill, 2. . W I N T E R TERM.—Differential calculus, 5; electricity and magnetism, 3; chemical laboratory, 3 ; descriptive geometry, 3 ; shopwork, 3. S P R I N G TERM.—Integral calculus, 5 ; acoustics and optics, 3 ; descriptive geometry, 3 ; chemical laboratory, 3 ; shopwork, 3 ; drill, 2. TERM.—Analytic JUNIOR FAI.L TERM.—Mechanics YEAR. of engineering, 5 ; materials of construction, 5 ; designing and drawing, 2; physical laboratory, 2 ; mechanical laboratory, 2 ; shopwork, 3. W I N T E R T E R M . — M e c h a n i c s of engineering, 5 ; machine design, 5 ; mechanical laboratory, 2 ; physical laboratory, 2 ; de signing and drawing, 2 ; shopwork, 3. S P R I N G T E R M . — M e c h a n i c s of engineering. 5 ; machine design, 5 ; pln-sical laboratory, 2; mechanical laboratory, 2; designing and drawing, 2 ; shopwork, 3. SENIOR F A L L TERM.—Steam YEAR. engine and other motors, 5 ; physical laboratory, 2; mechanical lal>oratory, 2; mechanical engineering and machine design, 5 ; shopwork, 3 ; elective, o to 3. engine and motors, 5 ; physical laboratory, 2 ; mechanical laboratory, 2 ; mechanical engineering and drawing, 5 ; shopwork, 3 ; elective, o to 3. S P R I N G T E R M . — T h e s i s ; designing and drawing ; mechanical laboratory investigations; shopwork; (time divided optionally, but subject to approval of head of the department*), 12 ; elective, 5 to 8. WINTER TERM.—Steam S P E C I A L C O U R S E S IN E L E C T R I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G , ETC. The freshman, sophomore, and janior years are identical in all courses in Mechanical Engineering; in the senior year students may * This term is devoted largely to the preparation of a thesis which must be approved by the Director and by the Committee on Theses. I f not otherwise arranged, the student will take shopwork, laboratory work, and drawing, 3 each. >34 COURSES OF STUDY. specialize somewhat, those proposing to devote themselves to steam engineering, to naval engineering and architecture, or to electrical or other branches, taking their work with specialists. The following is • the course iu Electrical Engineering : SENIOR Y E A R . lectures and laboratory work (testing of instruments and determination of constants),5 ; steam engine and other motors, 5 ; mechanical laboratory, 2 ; electrical engineering, 5 ; shopwork, 2. PALI. TERM.—Physics, lectures aud laboratory work (dynamo machines and electric motors, tests of efficiency), 5 ; steam engine and motors, 5 ; mechanical laboratory, 2 ; electrical engineering, 5 ; shopwork, 2. S P R I N G T E R M . — P h y s i c s , lectures and laboratory work (photometry, efficiency tests of electric lamps, tests of telegraphic instruments, lines and cablcs>, 5 ; thesis (laboratory work, as above, and preparation of thesis*), 12 ; elective, o to 3. WINTER TERM.—Physics, G R A D U A T E C O U R S E IN E L E C T R I C A L ONE P A L L TERM.—Structure YEAR. ENGINEERING. and theory of electrical apparatus and machinery, 3 ; experimental work in laboratory, 5 ; contracts and specifications, 3 ; elective, 4 to 6. W I N T E R TERM.—Construction, erection, and management of lines and plant, 3 ; laboratory, 5 ; contracts and specifications, 3 ; elective, 4 to 6. S P R I N G T E R M . — D e s i g n i n g dynamo-electric machinery and establishments, 5 ; experimental work, 3 ; preparation of reports or thesis, 3 ; elective, 4 to 6. Choice of elective studies, as well as of the special courses of engineering, is subject to the approval of the Director. G R A D U A T E COURSE IN M A R I N E ONE F A L L TERM.—Structure YEAR. ENGINEERING. and efficiency of marine engines and machinery, 3 ; experimental work in mechanical laboratory, 3 ; contracts * This term is devoted largely to the preparation of a thesis which must be approved by the Director, and by the Committee 011 Theses. If not otherwise arranged, the student will take shopwork, laboratory work, and drawing, 3 each. COURSES OF STUDY. 135 and specifications, 3 ; chemical or physical laboratory work, 3 ; elective, 3 to 6. architecture (resistance and speed of vessels, as affected by size, form, material of surfaces and power), 3 ; mechanical laboratory, investigations, 3 ; chemical or physical laljoratory, 3 ; contracts an® specifications, 3 ; elective, 6 to 9. WINTER TERM.—Naval of marine machinery, etc., 3 ; investigations in mechanical laboratory, 3 ; chemical or physical laboratory, 3 ; preparation of reports or thesis, 3 ; elective, 6 to 9. S P R I N G TERM.—Designs G R A D U A T E C O U R S E IN S T E A M ONE F A L L TERM.—Structure YEAR. ENGINEERING. and efficiency of steam boilers, 3 ; experimental work, 3 ; contracts ami specifications, 3 ; chemical or physical laboratory, 3 ; elective, 6 to 9. and efficiency of steam engines, 3 ; investigation in the mechanical laboratory, 3 ; chemical or physical laboratory, 3 ; contracts and specifications, 3 ; elective, 6 to 9. S P R I N G TERM.—Designing steam engines aud boilers, 3 ; experimental investigation, 3 ; chemical or physical laboratory, 3 ; preparation of reports or thesis, 3 ; elective, 6 to 9. W I N T E R TERM.—Structure G R A D U A T E C O U R S E IN RAILWAY MACHINERY. ONE YEAR. and efficiency of locomotive engines, and railway machinery, 3 ; civil engineering, 3 ; experimental work, 3 ; contracts and specifications, 3 ; chemical or physical lal>oratorv, 3 ; elective, 3 to 6. F A L L TERM.—Structure of special types of locomotive engines and railway machinery, their structure and proportions, 3 ; civil engineering, 3; laboratory investigation, 3 ; chemical or physical laboratory. 3; contracts and specifications, 3 ; elective, 3 to 6. S P R I N G TERM.—Desiguing railway machinery and apparatus, 3 ; civil engineering, 3 ; experimental investigation, 3 ; chemical or physical laboratory, 3 ; elective, 6 to 9. WINTER TERM.—Study 136 COURSES OF STUDY. ART. COURSE IN INDUSTRIAL A four-year course uot leading to a degree. FRESHMAN F A L L TERM.—French YEAR. or German, *5 ; algebra, 5 ; rhetoric, 2 ; outline drawing, 3 ; hygiene, 1 ; drill, 2. W I N T E R T E R M . — F r e n c h or German, 5 ; trigonometry, 5 ; rhetoric, 2 ; outline and ornamental drawing, 3 ; physical training, 2. S P R I N G T E R M . — D r a w i n g , from casts and figures, 3 ; analytical geometry, 5 ; instrumental drawing, 4 ; botany, 3 ; theory of color, 1 ; drill, 2. SOPHOMORE Y E A R . descriptive geometry, 3 ; chemistry, 3; experimental mechanics and heat, 3 ; composition, 1 ; studies in anatomy, 1 ; drill, 2. W I N T E R T E R M . — C a s t and figure drawing, 4 ; electricity and magnetism, 3 ; chemistry, 3 ; elementary coloring, 1; principles of design, 3 ; descriptive geometry, 3 ; physical training, 2. SPRING. T E R M . — P l a n t forms, 2 ; coloring, 3 ; modeling and potter's wheel, 3 ; acoustics and optics, 3; freehand drawing, 3 ; descriptive geometry, 3 ; drill, 2. F A L L TERM.—Calculus, 5 ; JUNIOR Y E A R . drawing, 4 ; moulding and modeling, 4 ; geology, 3 ; physiology, 1 ; psychology and logic, 2 ; coloring and designing, 1. W I N T E R T E R M . — H i s t o r y of fine arts, 1 ; coloring, 4; physiology, 1 ; psychology aud logic, 2 ; descriptive astronomy, 3 ; drawing from casts, 4. S P R I N G T E R M . — W o o d w o r k i n g , 2 ; photography, 2 ; history of art, 2 ; building materials and construction, 3 ; physiology, 1 ; psychology and logic, 2 ; drawing from nature, decoration and coloring, 4. F A E E TERM.—.Esthetics, 2 ; SENIOR Y E A R . 3 ; English literature, 3 ; history of industrial arts, 2; modeling in clay, 2; wood-carving, 2 ; designing in color, 3. W I N T E R T E R M . — H i s t o r y of art, 3 ; coloring from nature, 2 ; etching, 3 ; designing, 5 ; military science, 2. S P R I N G T E R M . — D e s i g n i n g «n form and color, 4 ; working stone, 2 ; painting from nature, 3 ; graduating work and thesis. F A E E TERM.—Stereotomy, •Choice to meet approval of the Director. CVU/CSIiS Ut S TUJUY. m STUDY OF A TWO Y E A R COURSE PREPARATORY TO THE MEDICINE. Not leading to a degree. FIRST FALL YEAR. TERM.—French or Gentian, 3 ; freehand drawing, 3 ; ana- tomical methods, 3 ; chemistry, 3 ; physiology, 3 ; botany, 2 ; hygiene, I ; military drill, 2. W I N T E R T E R M —French or German, 3 ; microscopical methods and histology, 3 ; vertebrate zoology, 3 ; vertebrate zoology, practice, 2 ; chemistry, 3 ; botany, 2. laboratory S P R I N G T E R M . — F r e n c h or German. 3 ; botany (lectures. 2. labora- tory work, 2), 4 ; brain, (lectures and practicums, 3, lal>oratory, 21, 5 ; chemistry, 3; military drill, 2. SECOND FALL YEAR. TERM.—Systematic and economic botany, 3 ; physics, 3 ; chemistry, 3 ; invertebrate zoology, tology, 3. 3 ; advanced anatomy or his- W I N T E R T E R M . — S y s t e m a t i c and economic botany, 3 ; physics, 3 ; chemistry, 3 ; logic and psychology, 3 ; advanced anatomy or histolo- gy. 5SPRING TERM.—Systematic and economic botany, 2 ; p h y s i c s , 3 ; chemistry, 3 ; logic and psychology, 3 ; fungi, 3 ; embryology, 4. Upon the completion of this course, or its equivalent, the student is, upon application 011 or before June 1, entitled to a certificate countersigned by the professor of physiology. > THE PRESIDENT - . •• WHITE SCHOOL OF HISTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE. By action of the Board of Trustees, the courses of instruction in History and Political Science have been reorganized with the purpose of making them more comprehensive and efficient. While the Faculty does not rigidly prescribe any definite succession of courses, it earnestly recommends that students desiring to make themselves proficient in this general branch of study, early mark out their work in accordance with a systematic plan. During the freshman year there are weekly two h-urs of work in history prescribed for all students who are candidates for the degrees of A.B. or Ph.B. In the sophomore year candidates for the degree of Ph.B. are required to take three additional hours. With these exceptions, all work offered is elective. Students in the course of Philosophy who elect nine hours of work continuously iu History and Political science during the third and fourth year's of the course, and pass satisfactorily the examinations in the same, will receive the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy in History ami Political Science. Other students who elect five hours of history, or five hours of political science, or five hours of each, continuously in the third and fourth years of their courses, and pass satisfactorily the examinations in the same, will, upon application on or before June i, receive mention of that fact in their diplomas. In order to encourage definiteness of purpose on the part of students when making their elections, the following is offered as a suitable scheme of study. For full details in regard to the courses, the library, etc., see p. 65. FRESHMAN YEAR. Course 1. History and Civilization of Greece and Rome. of all candidates for A.B. and Ph. B. T., Th., 9, 10, 11. SOPHOMORE Y E A R . Required (From two to five hours of elective work may be taken.) [Course 4. The Political and Social History of Europe during the Middle Ages. M., W., F., 9.] HISTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE. 139 Course 5. The Political and Social History of Europe from the Renaissance to the French Revolution. T., Th., S., 9. [Course 2. Private, Political, and Legal Antiquities of the Greeks. T., Th., 11.] [Course 3. Private life of the Romans. This course is given in alternate years with course 2. Either of them may profitably be taken by those candidates for the degree of Pli.B., who in additipn to course ' 6, desire five hours of elective work in history. \\\, F., 11.] Course 6. The Political and Social History of England from the Saxon Invasion to the close of the Napoleonic Wars. Required of all candidates for Ph.B. T., Th., S., 9. JT NIOR Y E A R . Courses 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. (When not taken in the sophomore year.) Course 9. The Social and Political History of America, from the Discovery to the end of the Revolution. M., W., F., 3. Open to those who have taken, or are taking, course 6. Course 9 is given on alternate years with course 10. Course 10. American History from the end of the War for Independence to the end of the War for the Union. Designed for those who have taken, or are taking, course 6. M., W., F., 3. Course 11. American Historical Seminary, for Juniors and Seniors. M., 7-9 P. M. Open only to those taking course 9, or course 10, or course 11. Course 14. History of Institutions. Designed for students who have taken course 4, and who take, or have taken course 5. M., W., F., 11. Course 19. The Elements of Political Economy. Required as a prerequisite to all the advanced courses in this subject. M., W., F., 10. Course 15. International Law and Diplomacy. T., Th., 11. Course 16. The Literature of Political Science- T., 3. [Course 18. Historic Achievements in Statesmanship. T h . , 1 1 . ternating with course 16.] Course 21. History of Tariff Legislation. SENIOR Y E A R . Al- W., 12. Courses 10, 14, 15, 16, 18, 21, iu case they have not been taken iu the junior year. [Course 7. General History of Europe from the beginning of the French Revolution to the War of 1870. T., Th., S., 12.] Course 8. Palaeography aud Diplomatics. W., 4.30-6. Course 12. The Development of American Constitutional History and Constitutional Law from the Colonial Time to the Civil War. T., . Th., 3. 140 HISTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE. Course 13. Seminary in American History. Designed for seniors specially prepared and for graduates. T., 7-9 P. M. Credit, two liours. Course 20. Advanced course in Political Economy. who have taken course 19. T., Th., 12. Open to those Course 17. General Seminary. Advanced course for the examination of obscure political and historical questions. Adapted specially to the needs of Fellows and other graduate students, and open to those undergraduates only who have already taken a large amount of historical work. Th., 4.30-6. Credit, two hours. Course 24. Economic Seminary. For the study of difficult problems in applied economics. M., 4-5.30. Open only to advanced students. C o u r s e 26. Social Science, including the History and Management of Charitable aud Penal Institutions. T., 4.30. Course 27. Roman Law and Comparative Jurisprudence. M., 2. G R A D U A T E STUDENTS. The courses above offered during the junior and senior years, so far as they may not be taken before the baccalaureate degree is received, are open to graduates of this or other institutions. An inspection of the courses will show that they cannot all be taken before graduation, even if no other branches of study are elected. The seminary courses are specially exacting, and with the other courses offered, will ordinarily afford abundant opportunity for advanced work during two years of graduate study. To students pursuing graduate work, the books of the seminary rooms and the general library are at all times immediately accessible. To students taking the advanced courses, the degrees of Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy are offered on conditions elsewhere explained. The History and Political Science Association holds frequent meetings and affords opportunity for bringing before the whole body of teachers and students interested in this field of study the results of any special investigations that may be deemed important. 1 SCHOLARSHIPS, FELLOWSHIPS, AND PRIZES. STATE SCHOLARSHIPS. Under the Law of the State the Superintendent of Public Instruction is empowered to award annually a number of free scholarships in Cornell University equal to the number of Assembly districts iu the State. These Scholarships entitle the holder to free tuition for four years. For particulars in regard to the scholarships, application should be made to the Superintendent of Public Instruction at Albany. The Law provides that " any State student who shall make it appear to the satisfaction of the President of the University that he requires leave of absence for the purpose of earning funds with which to defray his living expenses while in attendance, may, in the discretion of the President, be granted such leave of absence, aud may be allowed a period not exceeding six years from the commencement thereof for the completion of his course at said University." Under this provision of the charter the President of the University will, for the purpose indicated therein, grant leave of absence after an applicant has been regularly admitted to the University. The scholarship will then be kept good ; but will not be extended for more than /our years from its date, unless application is made after at least one year from the time of entrance, iu case of applicants who have acquitted themselves creditably in the University during this period. Those holding scholarships are therefore advised, if possible,.to enter the University at once, and to postpone asking for leave of absence until after one year in the University has been completed. UNIVERSITY SCHOLARSHIPS. Pursuant to the action of the Trustees, described elsewhere, there will annually be thrown open to competition for all members of the freshmau class who are registered in courses leading to degrees, at a special examination held directly after the September entrance examinations, nine scholarships of the value of two hundred dollars each. 142 SCHOLARSHIPS, FELLOWSHIPS, AND PRIZES. Students of high ability from the State of New York will have the additional advantage of being able to secure State Scholarships, as there is nothing in the University statutes to prevent a student from holding both a State Scholarship and a University scholarship. The name of every successful competitor for these scholarships is inserted in the annual Register of the University, together with the name of the school at which he or she was fitted for college, and the name of the principal of the school; and these names remain in the Register as long as he or she retains the scholarship. It has also been thought best to give the scholarships to the candidates passing the best examinations, regard being had to ability and attainments alone. It is believed that in this way only can the bestowal of the scholarships be put on the proper footing ; but the experience of the Trustees aud Faculty leads them to believe that a system based on merit alone, will inure mainly to the benefit of students of small means, since the great majority of the best scholars come, not from the wealthy class, but from those whose circumstances have forced them to feel the need of thrift and energy. The statute in regard to Scholarships is as follows : 1. There are established by the University thirty-six University Scholarships, each of the annual value of two hundred dollars. 2. Said Scholarships are named as follows: The Cornell Scholarships ; the Lord Scholarships; the McGraw Scholarships ; the Sage Scholarships ; the Sibley Scholarships ; the President White Scholarships ; the Horace Greeley Scholarships ; the John Stanton Gould Scholarships ; and the Stewart L. Woodford Scholarships. 3. The University Scholarships are given : (a). For the first two years of any course, on the basis of excellence iu special examinations held at the beginning of the Freshman year. (b). For the third and fourth years 011 the basis of highest general standing in the first two years, including all the required work, and as much elective work as may be necessary to complete an aggregate amounting to sixteen hours a week taken in the University during two years. Work for which credit is given in consequence of having been done before coming to the University, is not to be considered in the computation. 4. Applicants for a University Scholarship must be free from conditions at the time of making application. 5. Scholarships for the first two years will be given for passing examinations which shall average the highest in any three of the following groups, of which group (a) must be one: SCHOLARSHIPS, FELL OIVSHIPS\ AND PRIZES. 143 (a). Arithmetic, and algebra through quadratic equations ; (b). Plane and solid geometry ; (c). (d). (e). (f). Greek ; Latin ; French ; German. 6. The holder of a Scholarship shall forfeit the right to the same in case said holder shall at any time change the course in which he or she was registered at the time of receiving the award, unless the records of entrance examinations shall show that, at the time of the holder's admission to the University, all the subjects required for admission to the course last chosen were passed by him or her, aud all candidates must state before the Scholarships are awarded what course they iutend to pursue. 7. The holders of Scholarships must be candidates for the first degree, and shall not be recommended by the Faculty for such degree, except after a residence of the full period of four years at the University. 8. All persons shall be debarred from the competition for University Scholarships, for the first two years of any course, who shall have participated iu any previous competition for the same, or shall have been in the previous year or years registered as a student in this University, or in any other University or College. 9. A Scholarship will be forfeited at any the Faculty present at any meeting, notice meeting immediately before, shall decide guilty of negligence, or of conduct of any student holding such Scholarship. time in case two-thirds of having been given at the that the holder has been kind that is unbecoming a 10. Whenever any Scholarship shall for any reason become vacant, the vacancy can be filled by the Faculty only from the students of the same course as that in which the vacancy occurred. The scholarships are paid at the office of the Treasurer of the University in six equal payments, 011 November 1, December 1, February 15, March 15, May 1, and June 1. UNIVERSITY FELLOWSHIPS. The fellowships hereinafter described are intended to offer to young men and women of exceptional ability and decided purpose the opportunity for advanced study of a high character. The holders must have taken a baccalaureate degree, and will ordinarily be recent graduates of this or other institutions; but it is hoped • 144 SCHOLARSHIPS, FELLOWSHIPS, AND PRIZES. that in occasional cases they will be students who have been for some years graduated, and who, whether as teachers or as professional workers, have felt the need of larger opportunities than they have yet enjoyed. And similarly, it is believed that holders of these fellow- / ships who are preparing themselves for any profession to which the work of the University leads, will bring to that profession, in consequence of advanced study and research, a range and grasp in their chosen subjects which will lead them to exceptional usefulness aud success The Fellows are required to reside at the University, and to engage in advanced work, with the immediate supervision and assistance of the professors concerned in their respective specialties; and, as the most conspicuous members of the student body, and representatives of the most advanced instruction given, they are expected, by high character and high intellectual aims, to exert an influence upon the entire life of the University. The application of the candidate for a fellowship should contain a full statement of the branches of study he intends to carry on, if appointed ; and if he has produced any literary or scientific work that could be put in evidence for him, a copy should accompany his application. Those candidates who are graduates of other colleges or universities than Cornell should submit recommendations from the instructors best acquainted with their ability and attainments in the s p e c i a l i t i e s they desire to pursue. It should be borne in mind by such applicants that information cannot be too exact or full in the case of students not personally known to the appointing body. The list of applicants is large, and the Faculty desires to be aided in every way in making its selections. In exceptional instances, a competitive examination may be resorted to as a means of discriminating among several candidates. The statute iu regard to Fellowships is as follows: 1. There are in this University eight Fellowships, each of the annual value of four hundred dollars, named as follows: the Cornell Fellowship; the McGraw Fellowship; the Sage Fellowship; the Schuyler Fellowship; the Sibley Fellowship; the Goldwin Smith Fellowship ; the President White Fellowship ; aud the Erastus Brooks Fellowship. 2. All candidates for Fellowships must be graduates of this University, or of some other institution having equivalent courses of instruction, and must be men or women of high character and marked ability in some important department of study. SCHOLARSHIPS\ FELLOWSHIPS, AND PRIZES. 145 3. Fellows will be selected by the General Faculty on the recommendation of the head of that department in which the applicant desires to carry 011 the principal part of his work. 4. All applications and testimonials must be filed with the Registrar on or before the 15th of May of the collegiate year preceding the one for which the application is made. 5. The term of each Fellowship is one year ; but the term may be extended to two years, providing the extension does not increase the number of Fellows beyond that named in paragraph 1 of this act. 6. In view of the fact that practical University instructiou will be of use in training said Fellows for future usefulness, each holder of a Fellowship shall be liable to render service to the University in the work of instruction or examinations to the extent of four hours per week throughout the collegiate year. The distribution and assignment of this service shall be determined by the head of the department in which the Fellow is doing his principal work. 7. No person shall hold at one time more than one Fellowship, and any Fellow may be dispossessed of the income of his Fellowship by action of the Faculty, if he shall be guilty of any offence, or if he shall continue in any course of conduct which in the opinion of the Faculty shall render him unworthy of holding such Fellowship ; but final action in such cases by the Faculty shall be by ballot, aud shall require a two-thirds vote. 8. Vacancies in Fellowships that occur after October ist, in order to be filled, shall require a three-fourths vote of the Faculty. 9. All persons elected to Fellowships axe required, upon accepting their appointments, to file a bond to repay the University in case of their resignation before the expiration of the time for which they were appointed, any sums which they may have received. 10. The money due Fellows under the provisions of this act is paid in three equal parts ; one each on the 15th of December, on the 15th of March, and on the 15th of June. 11. In all cases where Fellowships are not awarded, or when from any cause the income of one or more Fellowships may cease to be paid, or when the aggregate sum paid shall be less than the amount contemplated by this act, the surplus thus accruing shall be added to the principal of the loan fund for needy and meritorious students. PRIZES. I. T H E WOODFORD PRIZE. The Woodford Prize, founded by the Hon. Stewart Lyndon Woodford, and consisting of a crold medal of thp — ~ 1—J * - * 146 SCHOLARSHIPS, FELLOWSHIPS, AND PRIZES. lars, will be given annually for the best English oration, both matter and manner being taken into account. The prize may be competed for under the following conditions : 1. Any student registered as Senior in one of the four-year courses leading to a degree may be a competitor, provided he has taken at least one course of instruction in Elocution. 2. Every competitor shall be required to submit, at the Registrar's ofticc, on or before noon of the first Monday of the Spring term, an original oration upon a subject which shall have previously been approved by the Professor of Elocution and Oratory. 3. The competing orations shall be limited to fifteen hundred words ; shall be written with a type-writer; shall be signed with a fictitious name ; and be accompanied with a sealed envelope containing the fictitious name of the writer without, and the real name within. 4. Prom the orations submitted, a Committee appointed by the Faculty, shall select the best, uot to exceed six in number, for delivery in public, and the names of the successful writers shall be announced as early as is practicable after the beginning of the Spring Term. 5. The prize shall not be conferred unless the successful competitor shall complete his course and take his degree at the Commencement uext following. 6. The contest for the prize will take place on the evening of the Wednesday preceding Commencement Day, under the direction of the President of the University. 7. The prize shall be awarded by a Committee of three appointed by the President from persons not resident in Ithaca, whenever practicable. 8. A copy of each of the orations selected for the competition shall, within one week after the selection, be deposited by its author with the committee charged with the selection, who shall, after the completion of the competition, deposit the successful oration permanently in the University Library. II. THE '86 M E M O R I A E PRIZE. > A public contest of speakers appointed from the junior class will be held in May of each year, and the successful competitor will be award- . ; ed the '86 Memorial Prize in Declamation, b^ing the income of a sum of money left as a memorial by the class, and amounting to about thirty dollars annually. The conditions of the contest are as follows, viz.: SCHOLARSHIPS, FELLOWSHIPS, AND PRIZES. 147 1. The Associate Professor of Elocution and Oratory is empowered to select from the students in the classes of Elocution, twelve members of the junior class whose general excellence in that course, in his judgment, warrants their competing for the prize. 2. The announcement of this selection is to be made not later than the middle of the third term. 3. The contest for the prize takes place 011 the evening of the second Friday preceding the beginning of examinations in the Spring term, under the direction of the Associate Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory. 4. The prize is awarded by a committee appointed by the President of the University. III. T H E HORACE K . WHITE PRIZES. These prizes, established by Horace K. White, Esq., of Syracuse, are awarded annually to the most meritorious students in the Department of Veterinary Science, as follows : To the first in merit, twenty dollars ; to the second iu merit, ten dollars. IV. SIBLEY P R I Z E S IN M E C H A N I C ARTS. Under the gift of the late Hon. Hiram Sibley, made in 1884, the sum of one hundred dollars will be annuallv awarded to those students in the Sibley College who shall, in the opinion of the Faculty of that institution, show the greatest merit in their college work. V. T H E MRS. A . S. BARNES SHAKESPEARE PRIZE. A prize of sixty dollars, offered by Mrs. A. S. Barnes, is given annually, for the best essay on some subject connected with the Plays of Shakespeare, written by a student of Cornell University. The essays must be written with a type-writer,, must be completed and deposited with the Registrar on or before the first day of June, and must bear, in every case, a fictitious signature, accompanied with the name of the writer in a sealed envelope. The subject of the Barnes Shakespeare Prize Essay, for 1890-91, will be: The character of Henry V as Prince of Wales, and as K i n g ; and the dramatic motive of Falstaff in relation to him as Prince of Wales. VI. THE N E W SHAKSPERE SOCIETY PRIZE. The prize offered by 1 4 The New Shakspere S o c i e t y " of I/ondon, consisting of a number of valuable publications of the Society, is awarded to the student passing the best general examination on the Ifhaksperian work of the year. ADMISSION AND CLASSIFICATION. CONDITIONS OF ADMISSION. Candidates must be at least sixteen years of age, or, if women, seventeen. They must have certificates of good moral character, and students from other colleges or universities are required to furnish from those institutions certificates of honorable'dismissal. Candidates for admission must file their credentials and obtain permits for examination at the Registrar's office. The results of the examinations may be ascertained from the Registrar. i ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS. Examinations in all the subjects required for admission to the University are held twice in the year, as follows : I. In June, at the end of the Spring term ; 2. In September, at the beginning of the Fall term. No examination of candidates for admission will be held at any other time. Further information ill regard to the time of examinations may be found on pp. 7 and 154. ADMISSION I. T H E (Required University for all PRIMARY courses, ON EXAMINATION. EXAMINATIONS. for admission to the 151- ENTRANCE but not sufficient without the advanced examinations indicated on pp. lS3)1. In English. The candidate will be required to write a short English composition,—correct in spelling, punctuation, grammar, division by paragraphs, and expression,—upon one of several subjects announced at the time of the examination. In 1891 the subjects will be drawn from one or more of the following works : Shakespeare's Julius Caesar and Merchant of Venice, Coleridge's Ancient Mariner, Longfellow's Evangeline, Macaulay's Essay on Lord Clive, Webster's first Bunker Hill Oration, Irving's Alhambra, Scott's Old Mortality, George Eliot's Silas Marner, Hawthorne's House of the Seven Gables. Every candidate is expected to be familiar with all the books in this l i s t A ;J . ADMISSION AND CL ASSIFICA TION. 149 The candidate will also be required to correct specimens of bad English set for him at the time of the examination. " [The works prescribed for the examinations of 1892 and 1893 are the following: For 1892: Shakespeare's Julius Caesar and As You Like It, Scott's Marmion, Longfellow's Courtship of Miles Standish, Addison's Sir Roger de Coverley papers, Macaulay's second Essay on the Earl of Chatham, Webster's first Bunker Hill Oration, Irving's Alhambra, Scott's Talisman, George Eliot's Scenes from Clerical Life, Hawthorne's House of the Seven Gables. For 1893 : Shakespeare's Julius Ctesar and Twelfth Night, Scott's Marmion, Longfellow's Courtship of Miles Standish, Addison's Sir Roger de Coverley papers, Macaulay's second Essay on the Earl of Chatham, Emerson's American Scholar, Irving's Sketch Book, Scott's Ivanhoe, Dickens's David Copperfield. It is the special aim of the examination to test the candidate's practical, rather than his theoretical, knowledge of English, though the latter is taken due account of. No student markedly deficient in English will be admitted to any of the courses in the Universitv. 2. In Geography, political and physical; as much as is contained in Harper's School Geography or in Warren's Common School Geography. 3. In Physiology and Hygiene ; the equivalent of Martin's " T h e Human Body " (briefer course), ami of Wilder's " Health Notes " and "Emergencies." The treatises of Hutchinson, Huxley, and Walker are accepted as equivalents of Martin. 4. In Arithmetic, including the metric system of weights and measures ; as much as is contained in the larger text-books. 5. In Plane Geometry; as much as is contained in the first five books of Chauvenet's Treatise 011 Elementary Geometry, or in the first five books of Wentworth's Elements of Plane and Solid Geometry, or iu the first six books of Newcomb's Elements of Geometry, or in the first six books of Hamblin Smith's Elements of Geometry. 6. In Algebra, through quadratic equations, and including radicals and the theory of exponents; as much as is contained in the corresponding parts of the larger treatises of Newcomb, Olney, Ray, Robinson, Todhunter, Wells, or Wentwortb, or iu those parts of Oliver, Wait, and Jones's Treatise on Algebra that are indicated below, with the corresponding examples at the ends of the several chapters : chapters I, II, I I I ; chapter IV, except theorems 4, 5, 6 ; chapter V , except 3, 5, and notes 3, 4, of problem 2 ; chapter V I I , \ 1 1 ; chapter ADMISSION AND CLASSIFICATION.152 VIII, I, 2, the first three pages of § 8, and § 9 ; chapter X I , except I 9, problem 9 of I 12, and 13, 17, 18. [In Arithmetic, and in the fundamental operations'of Algebra, such as multiplication and division, the management of brackets, the solving of numerical and literal equations of the first and second degrees, the combining and simplifying of fractions and radicals, the interpre- tation and use of negative quantities, and of o and 00, the putting of problems into equations—the student should have distinct notions of the meaning and the reason of all that he does, and be able to state them clearly in his own language ; he should also be able to perform all these operations, even when somewhat complex, with rapidity, accuracy, and neatness; and to solve practical problems readily and completely. In his preparatory study he is advised to solve a great many problems, aud to state and explain the reasons for the steps taken. In Geometry he should learn the definitions accurately, whether in the language of the text-book or not, and in proving a theorem or solving a problem he should be able to prove every statement made, going back step by step till he rests upon the primary definitions aud axioms. He should be able to apply the principles of geometry to practical and numerical examples, to construct his diagrams readily with rule and compass, and to find for himself the solutions of simple problems and the demonstrations of simple theorems. To cultivate this power of origination, he should always, before reading the solution or proof given in his text-book, try to find out one for hims e l f , making use, if necessary, of his author's diagram ; and if successful, he should compare critically his own work with his author's, and see wherein either is the better. Besides oral recitation, he is advised to write out his demonstrations, having regard both to the matter and to the form of his statements ; and when written he should carefully study them to make sure, first, that he has a complete chain of argument, and secondly, that it is so arranged that without defect or redundance one step follows as a logical consequence of another.] 7. In American or its equivalent. II. History ; Eggleston's History of the United States, « A D V A N C E D E X A M I N A T I O N S FOR A D M I S S I O N TO T H E COURSES. VARIOUS For admission to the various courses of study, examinations in ad- • dition to the Primary Entrance Examinations lows : are required as fol- ADMISSION AND CLASSIFICA TION. To the Course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Arts : 151 1. In Greek ; candidates are expected (1) to have read at least one hundred pages of Attic prose and eighteen hundred Hues of Homer ; (2) to have acquired such facility in reading at sight as will enable them to read without previous preparation, but with the aid of a vocabulary of all unusual words, simple passages of Attic prose ; (3) to be thoroughly familiar with the inflectional forms, the principles of derivation, and the outlines of the syntax ; (4) to have completed Jones's Greek Prose Composition, or the first two parts of Allinsou's. 2. In Latin ; candidates are examined (1) in the following authors, with questions on subject-matter, constructions, and the formation and inflection of words : Ca?sar, four books of the Gallic war ; Virgil, the Eclogues and six books of the .Kneid, with the prosody ; Cicero, six Orations, including the four against Catiline ; Sallust's Catiline ; (2) iu the translation at sight of passages of average difficulty from Caesar and Cicero ; and (3) in the translation into Latin of a piece of connected English based upon the principles and v o c a b u l a r y contained in the first forty lessons of Allen's Introduction to Latin Composition. Teachers who are preparing students in Latin for the University should aim to fit them to be admitted to course 2. The Professor of Latin will be glad to be of assistance, whether b y correspondence or by personal interview, to any one who may desire to consult him upon methods of work in teaching the language. The hours after 11 o'clock on Saturday can be counted upon for any engagement that may be made by letter. [The following pronunciation is recommended to students preparing for the University: Long Short a as in father. e " they. i " machine. o 44 dole. u 44 rule. a as in Cuba. e 44 them. i 44 pin. o 44 obey (uot as in sob.) u 44 full. AS like ay% ce like oy, au like ow in now, ei as in rein, eu somewhat as in few, but with the first element pronounced with stress and instantly left, qu as in English queen, bs like ps, v like wyj like.y, c and g always hard as in cot and get, s always as in sing. Every consonant should be fully and clearly pronounced, two sounds being distinctly heard in the case of doubled consonants. Care should be taken to give the true quantity of unaccented vowels (e.g. the second vowel in verebatur, amabatur, etc., should be pronounced long, not short, as ADMISSION AND CLASSIFICATION.152 commonly), and not to lengthen final short a as is commonly done (e. g. in arma)]. v 3. In Grecian and Roman History, and the outlines of ancient geography ; Fyffe's Primer of Greece, Creighton's Primer of Rome, and Tozer's Primer of Classical Geography will indicate the amount and method of study required. To the Course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy : 1. In French, or German, or Mathematics, as below. 2. In Latin, as above. 3. In Grecian and Roman History, as above. To the Courses leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Letters and Bachelor of Science, including the courses in Agriculture and Chemistry. In two of the three subjects following : * 1. In French ; the amount of French necessary for entrance would be represented approximately by the whole of Whitney's Practical French Grammar, and by the first hundred pages of Super's French Reader, and the whole of Crane and Brun's Tableaux de la Revolution Fran^aise. For the examination no specific authors or works are designated ; but candidates are expected to be able to read easy French at sight, and to translate readily simple English into French. Pronunciation, and translation and writing of French from dictation will be included. All candidates are required to present a statement from their teachers of the amount of French previously read, the text-books used, and the proficiency attained. 2. In German: the amount of German necessary for entrance would be represented approximately by the amount of reading matter in Brandt's Reader, or by the larger portion of Whitney's Reader, and by the amount of grammar in Brandt's, Joynes—Meissner's, or Whitney's Grammar. Preparation by the so-called "'natural" method should be supplemented by a thorough drill in syntax. A satisfactory preparation will require in general a considerable reading of simple German prose and verse, and the careful study of one or more modern dramas. An accurate knowledge is also required of the principles of grammar, embracing inflections, syntax, the composition of words, the force of prefixes and suffixes, and the laws of consonantal change in cognate words, as well as the ability to render easy narrative prose from English into German, to translate ordinary ADMISSION AND CLASSIFICA TION. 153 German at sight, and to pronounce readily and correctly. The practice of committing to memory a number of short poems and anecdotes should constantly be cultivated. For examinations no specific authors or works are designated. The writing of Germai from dictation will be included. All applicants are required to present .a statement from their teachers of the amount of German previously read, the text-books used, and the proficiency attained. Applicants for admission to the technical courses are advised to direct their preparatory study so as to enlarge their vocabulary, aud to obtain a good reading knowledge of the language. 3. In Mathematics: Solid Geometry, as much as is contained in Newcomb's Elements of Geometry, or in the treatises of Chauvenet (old edition), Wentworth, Davies, or Robinson ; Advanced Algebra, as much as is contained in those parts of Oliver, Wait, and Jones's, or Hall and Knight's Treatise on Algebra which are read at the University (a list is sent on application to the Registrar», or in the larger Treatises of Olney, Ray, or Wells; and Plane T r i g o n o m e t r y , as much as is contained in the uustarred portions of Oliver, Wait, and Jones's Treatise 011 Trigonometry, or iu the Treatises of Wells, Wheeler, Oluey, or Davies. To the Courses in Engineering and Architecture : 1. In Mathematics, Solid Geometry, as al>ove. 2. In French or German as above. For the course in Architecture, French is considered to be more desirable than German ; and in that course Latin to the amount of four books of Caesar's Gallic War and Sallust's Catiline, or an equivalent, may be substituted for the French or German required. To the Two- Year Course Preparatory to the Study of Medicine: 1. In Latin; four books of Ccesar's Commentaries or an equivalent, with a good knowledge of the grammar. 2. In Greek ; so much as will enable the student to recognize and analyze scientific terms. (Goodell's the Greek in English furnishes the amount required). 3. In Plane Trigonometry; as much as is contained iu the uustarred portions of Oliver, Wait, and Jones's Treatise on Trigonometry. 4. In French or German as above. Optional Students.—Students who have passed the examinations required for admission to any of the general courses may register as optional students, and elect such work as may be open to them. 154 III. ADMISSION TIME AND CLASSIFICATION EXAMINATIONS. AND CONDITIONS OF THE The examinations are held in the following order. be found in the calendar on p. 7. The dates may First Day.—2 p. M., Arithmetic ; 4 P. M.f Geography. Second Day.— 9 A. M., English ; 11 A. M., Plane Geometry ; 3 p. M., American History. Third Day.—9 A. M., Algebra; 11.30 A. M., Physiology; 3 P. M., «r Grecian and Roman History. Foutth Day.— S A. M., Solid Geometry ; 10.30 A. M., German ; 3 p. M.. I.atin. Fifth Day.— 8 A. M., Greek aud Advanced Algebra; 10.30 A.M., French ; 3 I\ M., Trigonometry. Candidates for admission to the University, instead of passing the entire examination at one time, may present themselves in different years under the following conditions : 1. For the purposes of the division between two years the examinations in June and September of the same year may count as one series, the applicant, at his option, taking a part in June and a part in September. 2. Candidates are expected at their first presentation to take all the seven prescribed subjects of the primary entrance examinations before trying the advanced examinations. 3. No account will be taken of the result of such preliminary examinations unless at least four subjects are satisfactorily passed. C a n d i d a t e s ini e n d i n g to offer Greek at this preliminary examination m a y p r e s e n t themselves for examination in the Anabasis. Those intending to offer Latin may offer Ccesar, or either Virgil or Cicero. Applicants may be admitted conditionally to the University in spite of deficiencies in some subjects, in case such deficiencies are not so considerable as in the judgment of the Faculty to disqualify them for the performance of the work of the freshman year. Students deficient iu subjects required for admission will not be permitted to remove such deficiencies by attending University instruction in those subjects ; but are required to take the necessary instruction outside of the University. ADMISSION WITHOUT I. ON EXAMINATION. DIPLOMA. » THE REGENTS' Diplomas issued by the Regents of the University of the State of New York are accepted in place of examinations in all the subjects required for entrance which are covered by such diplomas, including, ADMISSION AND CLASSIFICA TION 155 upon the recommendation of the University departments concerned, the subjects of French and German. A statement from the teacher of the work done in these two subjects should be presented by the holder of the diploma. II. ON CERTIFICATE. The following rules and regulations have been adopted by the Faculty of Cornell university on the subject of admission by certificate : 1. Certificates of work done in public or private schools, in or out of the State, will not be accepted in lieu of examinations, unless the applicant has completed a full course iu the school. 2. The application for the admission of a student by certificate must be made by the principal of a school and not by the candidate himself. 3. The application from the principal must be accompanied by full and specific information with regard to the completeness and thoroughness of the studies and courses in which instruction is given. I11 case a catalogue or circular is published, a copy thereof should also be furnished. 4. The candidate, having received the certificate of a principal, will, however, not be exempted from the entrance examination in any particular subject unless his certificate shows that he has satisfactorily accomplish the full amount of work required in th t subject for entrance. 5. The committee having charge of the acceptance of certificates may meet at any time during the collegiate year. To ensure consideration in season to relieve the candidate from anv examinations, the » * certificates should be forwarded to t h e committee at least as e a : l y as the first week in June, or the first week in September. All communications 011 this subject and all certificates must be addressed to the Dean of the Faculty, from whom also blank forms of certificates may be obtained. III. As SPECIAL STUDENTS. Persons at least twenty-one years of age may be admitted as Special students, without examination, provided they give evidence of ability to do creditably special work iu the University, and are recommended to the Faculty by the professor iu charge of the department of study in which they desire to take a large part of their work. Candidates for admission as special students are advised to correspond directly with the professors in whose departments they expect to take work. Such students may graduate in any of the courses, on condition of passing all the required examinations, including those for admission. 156 ADMISSION AND CSASSIFICA TION. Special students in Agriculture are admitted at the age of eighteen years. Special students in Sibley College will be expected to work with regular classes wherever practicable, and to pursue a regular mechanic arts course, such as is considered by the Director to be suitable for artisans and other optional students, not candidates for a degree. ADMISSION TO A D V A N C E D STANDING. On presenting evidence of good character, or, in case he comes from another college or university, a letter of honorable dismissal, a candidate may be admitted to any class at the beginning of any term not later than the first of the senior year, provided he appears, on examination, to be well versed in the following subjects: a. In the studies required for admission to the freshman class of the course which he proposes to enter. But diplomas and certificates will be received for certain of these studies, as stated 011 page 155. b. In all the studies already required of the class to which admission is sought, or in accepted equivalents therefor. In a subject in which examinations are held only at stated times the candidate may, at the option of the department concerned, be required to wait until the first regularly recurring examination. II. WITHOUT FULL EXAMINATION. Graduates of other colleges ' and universities, and undergraduates of such ins.itutions who present letters of honorable dismissal, may be admitted provisionally to such standing and upon such terms as the Faculty may deem equitable in each case, regard being had to the applicant's previous course of study, and to the evidence of proficiency exhibited. Every such candidate is required, at the time of making his application, to forward to the Dean of the Faculty, along with a catalogue of the institution in which he has studied, a careful statement, duly certified, of the studies which he has pursued, and the degree of proficiency attained therein. A student who has thus been admitted provisionally to a class, may, after residence of at least one term, be granted full and regular stand• ing in that class, if, having taken the regular studies of the term, he give proof, by passing the regular term examinations with a record as high as is required for graduation, that he is able to go on satisfactorily with the class to which he has thus been temporarily assigned. Should he be unable to pass these examinations, special examinations may then be held, and he shall take the position and rank to which he may thereby be found entitled. I. ON EXAMINATION. ADMISSION AJNU CLASSIFICA * TION. 157 In the case of students thus admitted, the amount of work must be equal to fifteen hours a term for each term in the University. ADMISSION TO R E S I D E N T G R A D U A T E STUDY. Students are admitted to graduate study after having taken a baccalaureate degree in the University, or on presenting a diploma which shall be adjudged 011 application to represent the full equivalent of some one of the degrees conferred at this University, or a course approved by the Faculty. The plans of work of graduate students not candidates for a degree are to be presented to the Faculty for approval through the Committee on Graduate Work and Advanced Degrees, at the beginning of the University year. (See p. 89.) For a statement of the advantages offered to graduate students, see page 88. RESIDENCE AND GRADUATION. REGISTRATION EACH TERM. At the beginning of every term each student must obtain a Certificate of Registration, and no student, after having once been admitted to the University, will be allowed to register after the close of Registration Day, except by special permission of the Faculty. R E G I S T R A T I O N OF STUDIES. Students in all courses register at the beginning of the collegiate year, on Registration Day, for the work of the whole year. No credit will be allowed for work not so registered. Changes in registration will not l>c allowed after Friday of the week following Registration Day iu the Fall term, except by special permission of the Faculty. The Faculty regard it as advisable that a student should follow out for the year the plan of study which he has made at the beginning, even though it should seem to him later not to be the best plan conceivable. EXERCISES OF T H E TERM. In the general courses, students of the freshman year may take from fourteen to seventeen hours; of the sophomore, from fourteen to eighteen ; of the junior, from twelve to eighteen ; of the senior, from ten to eighteen. But no student will be graduated until he has passed successfully examinations in work which, including all the required work of his course, shall amouut to an aggregate of fifteen hours a week during the whole of four years. In the technical courses, the number of hours required each term may be seen in the detailed statement of those courses. In all courses, two hours and a half of laboratory work, and, in the technical courses, three hours of draughting or shop-work, are regarded as the equivalent of one recitation. Regular examinations are held at the end of each term. Failure at examination entails forfeiture of position in the class, or exclusionfrom the course, or in some cases from the University. RESIDENCE AND GRADUA TION. P A Y M E N T S TO T H E UNIVERSITY. 159 The annual tuition fee is $125, £50 to be paid at the beginning of the first term, $40 at the beginning of the second, and J35 at the beginning of the third. These fees are payable within ten days after registration. Students taking work in Sibley College courses are charged $5 per term for material and extra expenses. A fee of $5, to cover expenses of graduation, degrees, etc., is charged to each person taking the baccalaureate degree. This fee must be paid before the degree is conferred. The fee charged for an advanced degree is $10, and it must in all cases be paid before the degree is conferred. Tuition is free to students 'oilh State Scholarships; to such resident graduates as, having been duly admitted by the proper authorities as candidates for a second degree, are regularly pursuing the course of study leading to such degree in accordance with the prescribed requirements of the proper faculty ; to students pursuing the prescribed course in Agriculture, and intending to complete that course ; and to special students in Agriculture. Every person taking laboratory work in chemistry, physics, zoology, or entomology, must deposit with the Treasurer security for the materials to be used in the laboratory. Supplies in the chemical and physical departments are furnished at New York list prices. Students residing in the University buildings must pay their room-bills one term in advance. All the members of the Universitv are held responsible for any injury done by them to its property. EXTENSES OF RESIDENCE. The following is a fair estimate of the yearly expenses : Tuition, per year, $125.00 <125.00 Room, board, lights, fuel, and laundry, 200.00 to 300.00 Text-books, etc.. 25.00 to 75.00 Total, $350.00 to £500.00 The additional expenses of a student depend so largely upon his personal tastes that it is difficult to give an estimate. The expense of living in Ithaca varies, for board, room, fuel, and lights, from $3 to $7 a week. By the formation of clubs, students are sometimes able to reduce their expenses to $3 a week for room and board, and occasionally to even less than that amount. i6o RESIDENCE AND GRADUATION The cost for board, rent of furnished room, fuel, and lights, at the Sage College, which is exclusively for women, varies from $5 to $6.50 a week. A student occupying alone one of the best rooms pays $6.50 a week. If two occupy such a room together, the price is $5.75. Those occupying less desirable rooms, with two in a room, pay $5 a week each. The entire building is warmed by steam, and, in most cases, the sleeping apartment is separated from the study. GRADUATION. All the courses leading to the degree of Bachelor and to the corresponding degrees of Civil Engineer and Mechanical Engineer require four years for their completion ; and 110 student is allowed to graduate in less than four years of actual residence (except in case of admission to advanced standing, as elsewhere provided for) without special permission of the Faculty; which permission will not be granted until the applicant has been in the University at least one year; nor will it be granted after the first term of the year in which he proposes to graduate. Every student, in order to be recommended for a degree, must have p a s s e d satisfactorily in at least one hundred and eighty hours of work, including all the required work of the course in which the degree is sought. In the case of students admitted from other colleges the amount of work must be equal to fifteen hours a term for each term in the University. GRADUATION THESIS. A graduation thesis is required of every student. This thesis must represent some phase of the student's principal line of work during the later years of his course. The subject of the thesis must receive the approval of the professor in charge of the study to which it appertains, and with such approval must be left with the Dean or Registrar not later than noon of the second Friday of the second term, in order to be announced, and accepted by the Faculty, without whose permission 110 change in the subject can thereafter be made. In order to be acceptable, the thesis must have the character of a scholarly dissertation 011 the subject chosen, or, in technical courses, usually, actual work in designing or research ; and if finally accepted by the Faculty, it will entitle the writer to a credit of two hours a week for the second and third terms, or, in the technical courses, as specified elsewhere. The merit of the thesis will be judged not only from a technical point or view, but also from the point of view of its literary workmanship; RESIDENCE AND GRADUA TION. 161 and its merits, as judged from tliese two points of view, will be taken into account in determining the standing of the student for graduation. COMMENCEMENT ORATIONS. SPEAKERS. R U L E S AS TO C O M M E N C E M E N T 1. Any member of the Senior class who is to receive a degree on the coming Commencement may compete for a place on the Commencement stage, providing proof of satisfactory oratorical ability has been given to the teacher of Elocution and Oratory. 2. Each competitor must present at the Registrar's office, at or before noon of the last Friday in April, a production of no more than 750 words on any subject approved by the head of the department in which the subject lies. 3. From such productions a Committee from the Faculty will select no more than nine to be delivered 011 the Commencement stage. T H E FIRST DEGREES. The degrees of Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Philosophy, Bachelor of Letters, Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Science in Agriculture, Bachelor of Science in Architecture, Bachelor of Science iu Chemistry, and the corresponding degrees of Civil Engineer and Mechanical Engineer, are conferred after the satisfactory completion of the respective courses. ADVANCED DEGREES. Courses of graduate study leading to advanced degrees are provided in the following departments : Ancient Classical Languages and Literatures, Modern European Languages and Literatures, Comparative Philology, History and Political Science, Philosophy, Mathematics, Chemistry and Physics, Natural History, Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Agriculture, and Architecture. Candidates for advanced degrees must present themselves for examination in one major and two minor subjects, (except for the Master's degree, for which one major and one minor are to be required,) which must have been determined upon, with the approval of a committee of the Faculty, as early as November 1 of the year in which the degree is expected to be given, if it be the Master's degree, or of the year preceding that in which the degree is expected to be given, if it be the Doctor's degree. The work of candidates for advanced degrees in the general courses must be devoted to those subjects (one major and one or two minor), which may be comprised within the limits of one department of instrucII 162 RESIDENCE AND GRADUATION.162 tion, or may extend to two or three ; with the provision, however, that, except in case of special permission to the contrary, granted by the Faculty, the subjects shall be so related to one another as to imply a definite aim on the part of the student. The subject of the thesis required must be announced to the Faculty as early as December i of the year in which the degree is expected to be given, and the paper in its completed form must be presented as early as May I. The degree of Master is intended to represent a year of faithful work of an advanced character performed by a student who has previously taken a degree fully equivalent to that which is given in this University at the completion of four years of undergraduate work. The degree of Doctor is intended to represent not a specified amount of work, covering a specified time, but long study and high attainment in a special field, proved, in the first place by the presentation of a thesis that displays the power of independent investigation, and in the second place, by the passing of corresponding examinations upon the ground covered by the three subjects chosen at the beginning of the candidacy ami approved by the Faculty. And it may therefore happen, through deficiencies existing at the outset, that a student who is entirely competent to accomplish work of this character may find it necessary to devote to it more than the minimum number of years (two) hereinafter mentioned. In case of special distinction attained in the thesis and in the final examination by the candidate for the degree of Master of Arts, or Doctor of Philosophy, the degree of merit may, on the recommendation of the examining committee, be indicated in the diploma by one of the terms Cum Laude, Magna cum Laude, Summa cum Laude. Iu case of special distinction attained in the thesis and in the final examination by the candidate for the degree of Master of Science, Master of Civil or Mechanical Engineering, or Doctor of Science, the degree of merit may, 011 the recommendation of the examining committee, be indicated in the diploma by one of the terms With Dis- tinction, With High Distinction, With the Highest Distinction. Successful candidates for the degree of Doctor must print the theses and deposit twenty-five copies in the Library. Successful candidates for the degree of Master must deposit one copy. The final examinations for these degrees, except in the technical courses, are to be in charge of a committee of not less than three members, aud may be both oral and written. These examinations occur in the second week before Commencement, except in the case of candidates who take their examination in the year subsequent to that in which the required amount of resident study was completed. In RESIDENCE AND GRADUATION case of necessity, the examination may be held during the week next preceding that now fixed for holding them. The special requirements for these degrees will be as follows : THE D E G R E E S OE M A S T E R OF A R T S , OF PHILOSOPHY, OF L E T T E R S , OF MECHANOF ARCHITECTURE, OF SCIENCE, OF C I V I E E N G I N E E R I N G , ICAL E N G I N E E R I N G , OF AGRICULTURE. The degree of Master of Arts, Master of Philosophy, Master of Letters, or Master of Science is conferred 011 those who have taken the corresponding baccalaureate degree here, or at some other college or university where the requirements for that degree are equal to those of this University, on the following conditions : Candidates must spend at least one year at the University in pursuance of an accepted course of study. The degree of Master of Science is conferred on graduates in Philosophy on the same conditions as 011 graduates iu Science. The degree of Master of Civil Engineering, Master of Mechanical Engineering, Master of Science in Architecture, or Master of Science in Agriculture is conferred 011 candidates who have received the corresponding first degree, upon presenting a satisfactory thesis and passing the required special final examination as above, (1) after one year of resident study, or (2) after two years of professional practice and study in absentia. T H E D E G R E E S OK D O C T O R O F P H I L O S O P H Y A N D D O C T O R OF S C I E N C E . The degree of Doctor of Philosophy is conferred 011 graduates of this University, aud of other uni\ersities and colleges whose requirements for the baccalaureate degree are equal to those of this University, on the following conditions: 1. In order to become a candidate the applicant must have pursued a course of study equal to that required for graduation in this University in the course of Arts or Philosophy. Graduates holding the degree of Bachelor of Science who shall pass an examination in Latin equivalent to that required for graduation in the course in Philosophy may become candidates for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 2. The candidate must spend at least two years at the University pursuing a course of study marked out by the Faculty. In exceptional cases a year of graduate work in a university elsewhere may, by a special vote of the Faculty, be accepted in place of a year's work in this University. RESIDENCE AND GRADUATION. 3. He must present a thesis of such a character as shall display power of original and independent investigation, and must pass the requisite special final examinations. The degree of Doctor of Science is conferred on graduates of this University, and of other institutions whose course of study for the baccalaureate degree is substantially equivalent to the course for the degree of Bachelor of Science in this University, and who are prepared to pursue advanced work in Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, or Natural History, on the following conditions : 1. The candidate must possess a knowledge of Latin aud Greek at least equivalent to that required for graduation with the degree of Bachelor of Science in Natural History (see page 124). 2. He must spend at least two years at this University, pursuing a course of study marked out by the Faculty, in the departments of Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, or Natural History. 3. He must present a thesis of such a character as shall display power of original and independent investigation, and must pass the requisite spccial final examinations. < THE SCHOOL OF LAW. FACULTY. RESIDENT FACULTY. C H A R L E S K E N D A L L A D A M S . L L . D . , President. T H E HON. D O U G L A S B O A R D M A N , A.M., Dean. H A R R Y B. IIUTCHINS, P H . B . , Professor of Law, and Secretary. C H A R L E S A. C O L L I N , A.M., Professor of Law. F R A N C I S M. B U R D I C K , A.M., I.L.B., Professor of Law. MOSES COIT T Y L E R , LL.D., Professor of American Constitutional History and Law. H E R B E R T T U T T L E , A.M., L.H.D., Professor of International Law and of English Constitutional History. B R A I N A R D G A R D N E R S M I T H , A.M., Associate Professor of Elocution and Oratory. «r NON-RESIDENT T H E HON. LKCTURERS. F R A N C I S M . F I N C H , L L . D . , of the New York Court of Appeals. THE HON. D A N I E L H. C H A M B E R L A I N , L L . D . , of the New York City Bar. THE HON. A L F R E D C. C O X E . A.M., of the United States District Court. A L B E R T H. W A L K E R , LL.B., of the Hartford Bar. J O H N O R D R O N A U X , LL.D., of New York City. W I L L I A M F. C O G S W E L L , LL.D., of the Rochester Bar. THE HON. G O O D W I N B R O W N , A.M., of the Albany Bar. G E N E R A L PLAN OF ORGANIZATION. It is the purpose of the Board of Trustees to furnish through the School of Law such facilities for legal training as will commend them- THE SCHOOL OF LA W. selves to the most favorable judgment of the profession. The Faculty of the School is composed of both resident and non-resident members. The resident ut|nbers devote themselves regularly to the work of daily instruction. This is carried on by lectures and examinations, by oral text book exposition and recitations, and by the study of selected cases. Instruction to the more advanced students by means of the study of eases is made a special feature of the school. An effort is made by the resident instructors, not only to teach with special thoroughness the elements of the law, but also to give such practical training in the different methods of pleading and procedure as will fit the student for the active work of the profession in any part of the country. With this end in view, moot courts are organized under the immediate direction of the professors, and in these courts special attention is given to the drawing of pleadings and to questions of practice. The instruction by the non-resident members of the Faculty is by lectures. Provision is made each year for several courses of lectures by eminent specialists in the profession, each course consisting of from four to ten lectures, according to the nature of the subject on which the lectures are given. R K O U I R E M E N T S FOR ADMISSION. Applicants for admission to the School of Law must be at least nineteen years of age. If the person applying intends to be a candidate for the degree of LL.B. at the end of his course, he must have had a preliminary education equal to that required for registration as a student of law by the rules of the Court of Appeals of the State of New York. This requirement consists of a thorough knowledge of arithmetic, English grammar, geography, orthography, American and English history, and English composition. All applicants for admission who are candidates for a degree, except those hereinafter designated, will be required to pass satisfactory examinations in the subjects named. Tlife examinations will be both oral and written, and the papers submitted by the applicants must show an accurate knowledge of English grammar and ordinary facility in English composition. Graduates of universities or colleges, graduates of reputable academies or high schools, and persons who have received the 44 law student's certificate, " issued by the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York, will be admitted to the school without examination. But in order to be entitled to this privilege, the applicant should present to the Secretary of the School evidence that he comes THE SCHOOL OF LA IV. 167 within some one of the classes named, which should be in the form of a diploma or certificate, or a certified copy thereof. All applicants who are residents of the State of New York, and are not graduates of a college or university, should procure the " law student's certificate," issued by the Board of Regents, before presenting themselves for admission to the school. It is very desirable that the studev.t of law should have at least an elementary knowledge of the Latin language ; and while the Faculty do not feel that they can at this time require such knowledge as a prerequisite for admission to the school, yet it is their purpose to add such requirement in the near future. To entitle a person to admission to advanced standing as a member of the senior class, he must be at least nineteen years of age, must have had the required preliminary education, and must p;iss a satisfactory examination upon the subjects of the junior year or their equivalent. Attorneys at law, however, of any State, are entitled to admission to the senior class without examination, on the exhibition, at the opening of the college year, of their certificates of admission to the bar. The regular examinations for admission and for advanced standing in the fall of 1891, will take place on Tuesday. September 29, at the Law Lecture Rooms, in Morrill Hall, beginning at nine o'clock in the morning and at two o'clock in the afternoon. Students desiring admission at other times than those mentioned must make special arrangements for examination with the Secretary of the School. COURSE OF INSTRUCTION. The course of instruction is a graded one, and extends through two years of nine months each. The following is a statement of the subjects upon which the students of the school receive instruction and are required to pass satisfactory examinations: JUNIOR YEAR. Elementary Law 1 (Blackstone). Contracts, including Agency. 4 Criminal Law and Procedure.' Torts. 3 Domestic Relations. 2 T h e Law of Real Property, 4 (the subject begun). Evidence, 4 (the subject begun). Common Law Pleading and Practice in Cases at Law. 5 Civil Procedure under the Codes,3 (the subject begun). English Constitutional History. 6 THE SCHOOL SENIOR OF LA W. YEAR. Private and Municipal Corporations.3 Wills and Administration.3 Mercantile law, including Bills, Partnership, Sales, Suretyship, etc. Evidence. 4 The Law of Real Property.2 Equity Jurisprudence.2 Equity Pleading and Procedure in State and in United States Courts.2 Civil Procedure under the Codes.3 Bailments.4 Practical Suggestions concerning the Preparation, Trial, and Argument of Causes.' Roman Law. 4 International Law." American Constitutional History.3 American Constitutional Law. • COURSES OF SPECIAL LECTURES. Lectures upon the following subjects are given by the non-resident members of the Faculty : 1. The Statute of Frauds and Fraudulent Conveyances, (two courses). The Hon. Francis M. Finch, LL.D., of the New York Court of Appeals. 2. The Judicial Department,—its Constitution, Powers and Limitations. The Hon. Daniel II. Chamberlain, LL.D., of the New York Citv Bar. 3. The Law of Shipping and Admiralty. The Hon. Alfred C. Coxe, A.M., of the United States District Court. 4. The Patent Laws of the United States. Albert II. Walker, LL.B., of the Hartford Bar. 5. Medical Jurisprudence. John Ordronaux, L L . D . , of New York City. 6. The Law of Insurance. William F. Cogswell, LL.D., of the Rochester Bar. 7. Extradition. The Hon. Goodwin Brown, A.M., of the Albany Bar. AMOUNT OF REQUIRED WORK. The regular class instruction of the School is at 110 time less than fifteen hours per week for each class. •By the Hon. Douglas Boardman; £by Professor Hutchins; 3 by Professor Collin ; 4by Professor Burdick; f by Professor T y l e r ; ( by Professor Tuttle. THE SCHOOL OF LAW. COURT. THE UNIVERSITY A session of the University Court is held, as a rule, each week during the school year. The resident members of the Law Faculty, assisted by the graduate students, constitute the Court. All opinions of the Court are in writing, and are placed on file in the Law Library. The hearings in this Court are conducted upon an assumed state of facts, the only questions open to discussion being the principles of law that should be applied to the facts. The student having obtained from the Faculty a statement of facts, is required to prepare pleadings and to draw up a brief in which the principles of law applicable to the case must be clearly stated under appropriate divisions, and sustained by the citation of such authorities as he intends to rely upon in the oral argument. The pleadings are submitted to the professor having in charge the subject pleading and procedure, who calls attention to such errors as may exist, and gives such practical information as he may deem advisable. The effort of the Faculty is to make practical lawyers, to teach both the principles of the law, and how to apply them. To this end, the University Court is made the forum for the discussion of such practical questions as most frequently arise in a professional career at the bar; and so far as it can be used for that purpose, it is made a means of familiarizing the student with matters of pleading and practice and with the general routine of work. ELOCUTION AND ORATORY. Exceptional opportunities for work in Elocution ami Oratory will hereafter be provided for students in the School of Law. The Professor in charge of this department of the University will form separate classes for such students, and the course of instruction will be specially adapted to their professional needs. The courses will be elective, and can be taken without the payment of extra tuition. E X A M I N A T I O N S , T H E S E S , ETC. At the end of each term the members of both classes are subjected to oral and written examinations upon the work of the term. Promotion of the student to full standing in his class at the subsequent term is dependent upon the manner in which he passes the examinations upon the subjects of the previous term ; and the Faculty do not hesitate to drop a student from the rolls at any time during the year on THE SCHOOL OF LAW. becoming satisfied that such student is neglecting his work and is not complying with the requirements of the School. Each member of the senior class who is a candidate for a degree, is required to prepare and deposit with the Faculty, at least one month before graduation, a thesis, not less than forty folios in length, upon some legal topic selected by himself and approved by the Faculty. The production must be satisfactory in matter, form, and style; aud the student presenting it is examined upon it. At the end of the senior year, all candidates for graduation are required to pass satisfactory oral and written examinations 011 all of the subjects of the course. PRIZES. A fund of two thousand dollars has been given by a friend of the School, the income of which is devoted each year, under the direction of the Law Faculty, cither for prizes for graduating theses, or for printing t h e s e s of special merit, or for both such purposes. The wiy in which the income is to be applied is determined each year upon the piesentation of the graduating theses. Two pri/.es are given for excellence in debate, the first of thirty d o l l a r s and the second of twenty dollars. The regulations for the contest are as follows : 1. From the members of the Senior Class who have gained the highest standard in the preparation and presentation of cases in the University Court, not more than six debaters are appointed by the resident Law Faculty. Their names and the question for debate, are announced at the close of the winter term. At the same time, the position of the debaters is determined by lot. 2. At the debate, the order in which the competitors are to be called is determined by lot, publicly drawn at the time. Each competitor is called twice, and is allowed to speak ten minutes on the first call and five minutes 011 the second. 3. The prizes are awarded by a committee of three, selected by the President of the University. 4. The contest takes places in public on the evening of the Saturday immediately preceding commencement week. TERMS OF GRADUATION. Students who have received the full course of instruction, performed all required exercises, and passed the regular examinations, are ad- THE SCHOOL OF LA W Students admitted to ad- mitted to the degree of Bachelor of Laws. they become members. CERTIFICATES OF vanced standing are entitled to all the privileges of the class of which ATTENDANCE. for a period not ento the Secretary, reof attendance, which of his attainments. When a person is connected with the School titling him to graduate, he may. on application ceive, instead of a diploma, an official certificate states the time of his attendance and the degree HISTORY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE. Special facilities are offered to students desiring to s u p p l e m e n t their work in law with studies in history and political science. The instruction given in the President White School of History and Political Science may be taken as elective work bv students in the School of Law. The courses of the School embrace instruction in the various branches of constitutional and political history, as well as in the history of political and municipal institutions. It has been provided by resolution of the Board of Trustees that any student who, iu addition to his course in the School of Law, shall pursue studies in history and political science amounting to at least four hours a week during two years, and shall pass creditably the regular examinations in the same, in addition to the required examinations in the School of Law, may, upon the creditable completion of the course in law, aud on the recommendation of the Law Faculty and the Professors of History and Political Science, be accorded the degree of Bachelor of Laws, cum laude. GRADUATE INSTRUCTION. • m Graduate instruction is offered bv the Facultv of the School of Law with a view of giving to the student who is inclined to spend a longer period at a law school than that required for the baccalaureate degree an opportunity to add to his legal acquirements either by further general study or by pursuing special lines of legal investigation. It is believed that graduate work will meet the needs first, of those who desire to devote an additional year, under the direction of teachers, to the general study of the law, secondly, of those who purpose making a specialty in practice of some particular branch of the law, and who wish to take advanced preparatory work in the line of the specialty chosen, and thirdly, of those who have in view the study of the law 172 THE SCHOOL OF LA W. as a science and who desire to become familiar with the sources and philosophy of our jurisprudence. Provision is made for advanced instruction and study in the following subjects, according to the scheme hereinafter set forth : Contracts; Mercantile L a w ; Corporations; Railroad Law ; Insurance Law ; The Law of Real Property ; Jurisdiction and Procedure in Equity; Domestic Relations ; Admiralty ; Roman Law ; American Constitutional History ; American Constitutional L a w ; English Constitutional History; English Constitutional L a w ; Comparative Jurisprudence ; General Jurisprudence ; Political and Social Science. The graduate work is under the immediate supervision of the resident members of the Faculty, and is conducted in substantially the following manner: Each student at the opening of the university year is required to select three subjects to which the work of the year is to be devoted. One of these he will designate as his major subject. To this he will be expected to give his best energies, making his investigations therein thorough, comprehensive, and exhaustive. To the other subjects, known as minors, he will give such attention as his time will permit. It is expected that his work iu the minor lines will be of a more general character, and, although thorough so far as prosecuted, will be less extended than that given to the major subject. By special permission from the Faculty, a student may devote all his time to one subject. Each student is under the special guidance of the professors iu whose departments his subjects lie. He receives from each full instruction as to the questions to be investigated aud as to the nature and direction of his work, and also such individual assistance as may be needed from time to time during the progress of his studies. Periodical reports and examinations upon work assigned are required, at which times the professor in charge goes over carefully with the student the ground covered since the last report, making such criticisms and suggestions as may be necessary. In a word, the scheme contemplates independent investigations by the student in the lines chosen, under the immediate direction and supervision of the different members of the Faculty. In addition to the foregoing, each student is required to prepare a thesis upon some question connected with his major subject. This production must be scholarly in character and exhaustive in its subject matter, and the author must be prepared to defend the positions taken therein. Graduate students are expected to attend all non-resident courses of lectures given before the School, and iu making provision for such courses, their needs are kept specially in view. THE SCHOOL OF LA W. 173 Graduate instruction covers one year. In order to take advantage of it, the student must be actually in residence at the Uuiversity during the year. The work is open to the graduates of this or any law school of recognized standing. Tuition is free. At the end of the year, each student is examined separately upon all work that has been assigned to him. This examination is both written and oral, and is especially thorough and searching in character. The degree of Master of Law is conferred upon all who complete in a creditable manner the work of the graduate year. MATERIAL EQUIPMENT. For the purposes of the School of Law ample accommodations are provided in Morrill Hall. Besides a sufficient number of lecturerooms, there are offices for the several professors, aud rooms for the Law Library. The Law Library of the University contains upwards of 7,500 volumes. All sets of reports are kept up to date; and material additions to the collection are constantly being made by way of purchase and gift The books of this Library are at all times accessible to students of the School, as are the books of the private libraries of the several professors, which are 011 the same floor. The General Library of the University, which is also open to use by students of the School of Law, contains about one hundred and seven thousand volumes, bedsides thirty thousand pamphlets. This includes the President White Library of History and Political Science, containing about thirty thousand volumes aud ten thousand pamphlets, presented to the University in 1887 by ex-President Andrew D. White. Students in the School of Law are entitled to the same privileges in the gymnasium as students in the other departments of the Uuiversity. FEES AND EXPENSES. The fees to the University and the expenses of living are the same as those of all other students, and will be found described elsewhere in the Register. ANNOUNCEMENT. An announcement giving more detailed information in regard to the School will be sent on application to the Secretary of the School of Law. THE SUSAN LINN SAGE SCHOOL OF PHILOSOPHY. The lion. Henry W. Sage, (whose gifts to Cornell University now aggregate over $1,000,01.0,) having added to his previous endowment of the Susan Linn Sage professorship a further gift of $200,000 to the Department of Philosophy, the Trustees of the University, in accepting the gift, Oct. 22, 1S90, constituted the department into a school, which, to commemorate the munificence of Mr. Sage, they designated The Susan Linn Sage School of Philosophy. Supplementing the endowments < f Mr. Sage with appropriations from the general funds of » the University, the Trustees have been able to provide for fhe School the following staff of instruction :— One Professor of Philosophy. One Professor of Psychology. One Professor of Pedagogy. One Professor of the History and Philosophy of Religion and Christian Ethics. Two Assistant Professors of Philosophy. One Instructor in Philosophy. The Trustees have also made liberal provision for the equipment and maintenance of a Psychological Laboratory, for experimental investigation into mental phenomena. And for the encouragement of higher studies aud research in every branch represented by the School of Philosophy, there have been established for award to distinguished graduates of this and other Universities six scholarships of the annual value of $200 each, and four fellowships of the annual value of $4°° each, both scholarships and fellowships being tenable for one year, but subject to renewal in exceptional cases. (Scholars and fellows who are candidates for advanced degrees, are also exempted from the tuition fee, $125). Furthermore, the Trustees have granted a liberal subsidy for a philosophical publication, which is to be edited by Professor Schurman. It will appear every month, or every two. months, beginning with the latter half of the year 1891, under the name of The Philosophical Review, and the co-operation already secured of leading American and foreign philosophical writers, warrants the expectation SCHOOL OF PHILOSOPHY. *75 that the new Review, while filling a manifest need, will also be a worthy organ, national and international, of contemporary philosophy. The appointments already made in the Susan Linn Sage School of Philosophy are as follows: JACOB G O U L D S C H U R M A N , A.M., D.Sc., D E A N , and Professor of Philosophy. S A M U E L G A R D N E R W I L L I A M S , A.B., Ph.D., Professor of PedagogyT H E R E V . C H A R L E S M E L L E N T Y L E R , A . M . , Professor of the History and Philosophy of Religion aud Christian Ethics. It is intended that the remaining members of the staff of instruction shall be appointed in time to enter upon their duties at the beginning of the academic year 1891-2, when all the legislation of the Trustees concerning the Suvan Linn Sage School of Philosophy goes into effect. Before the close of the present academic year (probably as early as January or February), a pamphlet containing a detailed account of the courses of instruction to be given in the school will be issued and can be obtained 011 application to the Treasurer of the University. In the meantime the Dean of the School will be glad to give any further information desired by prospective students. But they may safely assume that with its large corps of instruction, the School of Philosophy will offer for 1891-2 such a variety of courses, both svstematic and historical, in Logic, Psychology, Pedagogics, Ethics, Metaphysics, History and Philosophy of Religion, as has rarely, if ever, been offered by a single University ; aud that special attention will be given by professors, through the laboratory, the seminaries, and personal intercourse, to the stimulation and guidance of advanced studies and research in these branches, to which, it is hoped, contributions worthy of publication may be made by at least some of the investigators. It should also be added that the University courses iu Physiology and Morphology of the Brain, in Social Science, Economics, International Law, and Roman Law, and in the select works of Plato and Aristotle will be of peculiar service to students of Psychology, Ethics, and Ancient Philosophy. But for these and other details the reader is invited to consult the pamphlet already referred to, which is to contain an announcement of all the courses to be offered by the School of Philosophy. The organization and scope of the School are all that can be indicated in this issue of the Register, which follows so close upon its foundation. FELLOWSHIPS AND SCHOLARSHIPS FELLOWSHIPS TIN-: C O R N K M . F K M . O W S H I P , FOR 1890-91. Floyd Lucien Robinson, B.S., Architecture THK MCGRAW FELLOWSHIP, Arthur Gordon Laird, A.B., (Dalhousie College), Classics T H E SAGE FELLOWSHIP, Mason Blanchard Thomas, B.S., Botany and Zoology T H E SCHUYLER FELLOWSHIP, George Francis Myers, B.S., (Worcester Polytechnic Institute), Electrical Engineering T H E SIBLEY FELLOWSHIP, Daniel Royse, B.M.E., (Purdue University), Mech a n ica I Engin eering T H E GOLDWIN SMITH FELLOWSHIP, William Baird Elkin, A.B., (Manitoba University), Philosophy T H E PRESIDENT WHITE FELLOWSHIP, Joseph Alexander Liudquist, A.B., History and Political Science % T H E ERASTUS BROOKS FELLOWSHIP, Anna Helene Palmi£, Ph.B., Mathematics FELLOWSHIPS AND SCHOLARSHIPS. SCHOLARSHIPS FOR 1887-91. UNI VERS/ T y SCHOLA T H E CORNELL SCHOLARSHIP, RSHIPS. John Henry Tanner, Course in Science Clinton Liberal Institute—Charles V. Paraell, A.M., Principal. T H E H . B. L O R D S C H O L A R S H I P , Winifred Ball, Course in Arts Rochester Free Academy—John G. Allen, Principal. T H E M C G R A W SCHOLARSHIP, James Wallace Beardsley, Course in Civil Engineering Cortland Normal School—James H. Iloose, A.M., Ph.D., Principal. T H E SAGE SCHOLARSHIP, Frank Crane Bentlev, Course in Arts Phillips Andover Academy—C. F. P. Bancroft, Ph.D.. Principal. f * T H E SIBLEY SCHOLARSHIP, Harrison Haskell Wood, Course in Electrical Engineering Pittsburgh Central High School—C. B. Wood, A.M., Principal. THE PRESIDENT W H I T E SCHOLARSHIP, Robert James Kellogg, Course in Arts Norwalk (Ohio) High School—Miss N. S. McDonald, Principal. SA GE SCHOLA RSHIPS FOR WOMEN. Lena Frances Brown, Course in Science South New Berlin Union School—S. J. Gibson, B.S., Principal. Eunice Maria Davi?, Course in Science Binghamton Central High School—Eliot R. Payson, A.M., Principal. Annie Florence Moon, Course in Clinton Liberal Institute—Charles V. Parsell, A.M., Principal. Arts 12 178 FELLOWSHIPS AND SCHOLARSHIPS. SCHOLARSHIPS FOR 1888-92. UNI VERSITY T H K C O R N E L L SCHOLARSHIP, SCHOLA RSHIPS. George Wallingford Noye9, Course in Arts Commuuity Academy—P. M. Loomis, A.B., Principal. Tin-: II. B. L O R D SCHOLARSHIP, Grace Wilmarth Caldwell, Course in Arts Miss Gertrude E Hale, Ithaca, aud Mr. E. D. Wright, A.B., Ithaca. T H E M C G R A W SCHOLARSHIP, Carolinne Harder Swartout, Course in Philosophy Owego Free Academy—H. A. Balcam, Ph.D., Principal. T H E S A G E SCHOLARSHIP, Joseph McConnechy Michaelson, Course in Civil Engineering Geneva Classical and Uniou School—H. K. Clapp, A.M., Principal. T H E SIBLEY SCHOLARSHIP, Louis Carroll Root, Course in Arts Port Byron Academy—A. W. Morehouse, A.M., Principal. T H E PRESIDENT W H I T E SCHOLARSHIP, Clyde Augustus Duniway, Course in Arts Oregon State University, Eugene City, Oreg.—J. W. Johnson, A.M., President. SA GE SCHOLA RSHIPS FOR WOMEN. Frauces Elizabeth Holmau Flint, Course in Arts Rochester Free Academy—John G. Allen, Principal. Mary Grace Breckinridge, Course in Philosophy Binghamton High School—Eliot R. Payson, A.M., Principal. 18o FELLO WSHIPS AND SCI/OLA RSHIPS. SCHOLARSHIPS FOR 1889-93. T H E CORNELL SCHOLARSHIP, Wellyn Bray ton Clark, Course in Lowville Academy—W. R. Adams, A.M., Principal. Architecture T H E H . B. L O R D S C H O L A R S H I P , Arthur Charles Howland, Course in Arts Wyoming Seminary—Rev. L. L. Sprague, A.M., D.D., Principal. T H E M C G R A W SCHOLARSHIP, Albert Henry Perkins, Course in Civil Fulton Academy—B. G. Clapp, Principal. T H E SAGE SCHOLARSHIP, Engineering May Ransom Fitzpatrick, Course in Arts Brooklyn Central High School—Calvin Patterson, B.S., Principal. THE SIBLEY SCHOLARSHIP, Norman Frank Ballautyne, Course in Electrical Engineering Ottawa (Canada) Collegiate Institute—J. Macmillan, A.B., Principal. THE PRESIDENT W H I T E SCHOLARSHIP, Clark Sutherland Nortliup, Course in Arts Hartwick Seminary—Rev. James Pitcher, A.M., Principal. 18o FELLO WSHIPS AND SCI/OLA RSHIPS. 1 SCHOLARSHIPS FOR 1890-94. T H E C O R N E L L SCHOLARSHIP, Ezra Pierce Reynolds, Course in Arts Ithaca High School—D. O. Barto, Principal. T H E H . IV L O R D S C H O L A R S H I P , William Herbert Dole, Course in Architecture Brooklyn Central High School-Calvin Patterson, B.S., Principal. T H K M C G R A W SCHOLARSHIP, Adna Ferrin Weber, Course in Philosophy Salamanca Union School—Abial B. Davis, Ph.B., Principal. T H E S A G E SCHOLARSHIP, Maria Martha Hoppe, Course in Arts Rochester Erec Academy—John G. Allen, Principal. T H E SIBLEY SCHOLARSHIP, Harry Merrick Beach, Course in Mechanical 'Engineering Cortland Normal School—James H. Hoose, A.M., Ph.D., Principal. T i n : PRESIDENT W H I T E SCHOLARSHIP, John Kasson Lathrop, Course in Arts Yon ken High School—Edward R. Shaw, Ph.D., Principal. THE HORACE GREELEY SCHOLARSHIP, Raymond Allen Pearson, Course in Ithaca High School—D. O. Barto, Principal. T H E JOHN STANTON GOULD SCHOLARSHIP, Agriculture Noah Cummings, Course in Civil Engineering Schenevus Union School—Floyd S. Lowell, Principal. T H E S T E W A R T L . WOODFORD SCHOLARSHIP, Elmer Ellsworth Bogart, Course in Arts Owego Free Academy—Ezra J. Peck, A.M., Principal. CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS. GRADUATES. CANDIDATES FOR ADVANCED Barnes, Earl, A.B., Bedell, Frederick, A. IV, Best, Lyman Austin, B.S., DEGREES. History Electrical Engineering Entomology Indinun University. Yale University. Botsford, George \V, A.B., Greek and Sanskrit University of Nebraska. Briggs, Elizabeth, History Harvard Annex. Cochran, Mary Euima, A.B., History Vassar Collide. Coffin, Victor Edwin, A.B., History and Political Science Dalhonsie College. Cook, Charles Chauveau, B.L., Ethics and Economics Cory, Clarence Linus, B.M.E.. Electrical Engineering Purdue University. Creighton, James Edwin, A.B., Philosophy Dalhousie College. Crist, Arthur H, B.L., History and Political Science fDavison, George Howard, Ph.B. (Yale University). B.S., Agriculture aud Veterinary Science Elkin, William Baird, A.B., Philosophy Manitoba College. Emerson, Oliver Farrar, A.M., English and Comparative Philology Iowa College. Estrem, Andrew, A.B. (Luther College), A.M., History aud Political Science Foster, William James, A.B., Physics Williams College. f In Absentia. t* CATALOGUE Fowler, Charles Sunnier, A.B., Galbreatli, Louis Hutchinson, B.L., OF STUDENTS. Mathematics Philosophy Goodell, Charles Elmer, A.B., History and Political Science Franklin College. Granrud, John Evenson, A.M., History and Political Science Luther College. Harding, Samuel Bannister, A.B., History Indiana University. Hitchcock, John Sawyer, A.B., Natural History Amherst College. Hotchkiss, Homer James, B.S., C.E., A.B., Electrical Engineering Allegheny College. Hyde, Lulu Eloise, B.S., Kortright, Frederic Lawrence, B.S., Chemistry and Physiology Chemistry Laird, Arthur Gordon, A.B., Greek, Latin, and Comparative Philology Dalhousie College. Lawrence, Antoinette, Ph.B., Lindquist, Joseph Alexander, A.B., Comparative Philology History aud Political Science Lockhart, Thomas Edward, A.B., Philology Manitoba University. Louis, Otto Theodore, B.S., Electrical Engineering College of the City of New York. Lyford, Oliver Smith, Jr., Ph.B., Mechanical Engineering Yale University. McMynn, John Clarke, A.B., Electrical Engineering Williams College. Mace, William Harrison, M.L. (University of Michigan), A.M., History and Political Science Indiana University. Maddox, Lola, A.B., English Literature and Latin Knox College. Maxwell, Fred B, Ph.B., Botany and Zoology Beloit College. Mishima, Yataro, B.S. (Massachusetts Agricultural College), M.S., Invertebrate Zoology Moore, Burton Evans, A.B., (Otterbeiu University), A.M., Electrical Engineering Morrison, William Henry, B.S., Chemistry and Mathematics Myers, George Francis, B.S., Electrical Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Nichols, Ernest Fox, B.S., Mathematics and Physics Kansas Agricultural College. GRADUA TE STUDENTS. 183 Paleontology Mathematics Nicholson, William Franklin, A.B., Knox College. Palmi£, Anna Helene, Ph.B., Pattison, Salem Griswold, A.B., History and Political Science Wabarfh College. Pellett, Sarah Frances, A.B., Greek, Latin, and Comparative Philology Smith College. Rappleye, Walter Glazier, B.S., Rice, James Edward, B.S., Ridgway, Ellis Branson, B.S., Swarthmore College. Robinson, Floyd Lucien, B.S., Mathematics Agriculture Mechanical Engineering Architecture Rogers, Frederick John, B.S., Mathematics and Physics Kansas Stnte Agricultural College. Rogers, Miriam Nancy Shelton, A.B., Greek and Comparative Philology Smith College. Rogers, Sara Bulkley, A.B., History Columbia College. Rowlee, Willard Winfield, B.L., Royse, Daniel, B.M.E., Purdue University. Rubert, Kennedy Furlong, A.B., Greek and Latin Botany Mechanical Engineering Saunders, Samuel J, A.B., Physics and Mathematics University of Toronto. Saurel, Paul Louis, B.S. Mathematics College of the City of New York. Sherman, Belle, B.S., Botany, Physiology, and Physics Lombard University. Shepardson, George Defrees, A.M. (Denison University), M . E . , Electrical Engineering Shoemaker, William Ross, B.S., Mathematics Iowa Agricultural College. Snyder, Virgil, B.S., Mathematics and Physics Iowa Agricultural College. Story, Ella, A.B., English Literature and German VaSsar College. Studley, Duane, B.S., fTarbell, E d , B.S., Taylor, John Myers, M . E . , f In Absentia. Physics Agriculture Mechanical Engineering CATALOGUE tThatcher, Louis Graut, B.S., Thomas, Mason Blancliard, B.S., OF STUDENTS. Agriculture Botany and Zoology Electrical Engineering Civil Engineering Civil Engineering Thompson, Milton Ellsworth, M.E., Vickers, Thomas McEldeny, C.E., tWait, John Cassan, C.E., Walton, Alice, A.B., Greek, Latin, and Comparative Philology Smith College. fWiechardt, August Julius, M.E., Mechanical Engineering I.chigh University. Wing, Henry Iliram, B.Agr., Agriculture tWithers, William Alphonso, A.M., Davidson College. Chemistry CANDIDATES FOR BACCALAUREATE DEGREES. Boyrer, Williani Charles, B.S., Mechanical Engineering College of the City of New York. Bur well, Robert Turnbull, Ph.B., Mechanical Engineering University of North Carolina. Caldwell, Francis Carey, A.B., Electrical Engineering Card, Wirt Linsmoor, C.E., Electrical Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Cothran, James Sproull, Jr., B.S., Mechanical Engineering South Carolina University. Cox, Olive Annice, B.S., Philosophy Knox College. Deuchler, Charles Henry, A.B., Electrical Oberlin College. Dingle, James Hervey, A.B., Civil Charleston College. Ely, William Grosvenor, Jr., Ph.B., Mechanical Brown University. Florer, Warren Washburn, A.B., Civil De Pauw University. Floy, Henry, A.B., Electrical Wesleyan University. Franco, Antonio de Barros, C.E., Electrical Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. f In Absentia. Architecture Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering Dick, William Amzi, A.B., GRADUA Greene, Carletou, A.B., TE S T U D E N T S 1 8 5 Civil Engineering Harvard University. Harrison, Frank, C.E., Electrical Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering Troy Polytechnic Institute. Hatt, William Kendrict, A. II., Civil University of New Brunswick. Hibbard, Herbert Wade, A.B., Mechanical Brown University. Knoch, Julius James, B.S., Civil Grove City College. Levy, Lehman, B.S., Mechanical COUCRC of the City of New York. McConahey, William Mov, Civil Eng. Electrical E n g . Middletown, Ohio, Letters Fredericton, Canada, Civil Eng. Brandon, 17., Arts Hanover, CM/0, Mechanical Eng. North Evans, Letters Providence, A*. /., Mechanical Eng. Ithaca, Civil Eng. Chicago, ///., Civil Eng. 2TriV, / b . , Philosophy Bovina Centre, Ithaca, Chicago, III., Springville, Pittsburgh, Pa., Norwalk, Ohio, Collin, Ithaca, Science Civil Eng. Science Mechanical Eng. Agriculture Arts Philosophy Science 188 CA TAL OGUE OF STUDENTS. Utica, Mechanical Eng. Kirley, William Winaut, Knighton, John Albert, Kress, James Edward, Kuehnisted, Albert Louis, Land, Frank, Levy, Lehman, B.S., Lewis, Clarence Charles, Lewis, John Thomas, Lom.ix, Clarence Stanley, Lovell, Karl Brink, L v.ier, Harry Abram, Jr., Lvou, Thouri* Lvttletou, • Bowmansville, • Civil Eng. Johnstown, Pa., Mechanical Eng. Oshkosh, Wis., Electrical Eng. Syracuse, Electrical Eng. New York City, Electrical Eng. Cleveland, Ohio, Civil Eng. Lansingburgh, Architecture Buffalo, Chemistry Cortland, Civil Eng. Cleveland, Ohio, Arts Pittsburgh, Agriculture McConahev, William McConnell, A.B., Washington, Pa., Elec Eng. Brooklyn, Science McConville, Cornelia Adeline, Milwaukee, Wis., Mechanical Eng. MacLareti, Malcolm Neill, Jr., Chelsea, Mass., Agriculture MacNVil, Wilbur James, Chicago, III., Science Miuierre, John Thompson, Akron, Ohio, Philosophy • MansfieM, Klmcr G, Washington, D. C., Mech. Eng. Marble, Harry Mills, Ithaca, Arts Marsh, Clinton Stoner, Binghamton, Electrical Eng. Meeker, Warren II, Nezvport, Arts MOD:I, Annie Florence, Rivas, Nicaragua, Civil Eng. M ufioz, Jose del Cdrmen, Williamsport, Pa., Civil Eng. Niemeyer, Carl Hess, Jefferson, Ohio, Philosophy Norton, Edith Marie, Woodfords, Me., Arts 0.4'len, Phillip, Galesburgh, III., Philosophy Olms'.ed, Everett Ward, Marcellus, Civil Eng. Parsons, Herbert, Dunkirk, Electrical Eng. Perkins, Frank Clinton, Franklinville, Arts Phillips, Ervin Louis, Fremont, Ohio, Philosophy Phillips, Mertou O^den, Seneca Falls, Electrical Eng. Pollard, Seaburv Gould, Shenandoah, Iowa, Letters Priest, Alice Lucinda, Detroit, Mich., Electrical Eng. Raymond, Francis, 3d, Ithaca, Philosophy Reed, Bertha Prichard, Washington, D. C., Philosophy Robbins, Mary Louise, Evans Mills, Civil Eng. Rogers, Jesse Alanson, Boston, Mass., Science Rouillion, Louis, Van Ettenville, Agriculture Rumsey, William Earle, Albany, Letters Russell, Charles, Ryan, Rose Josephine, Medina, Letters Sanger, Henry Hubbell, Detroit, Mich., Letters m SENIORS. Schoonmaker, Frederic Palen, Shapleigh, Amelia, Shepard, Alvin Wayland, Simpson, Helen Augusta, Slingerlaud, Mark Vernon, Smith, Frank Will, Smith. Harold Babbitt, Snider, Clarence A, Stagg, Louis Rolfe, Stidham, Harrison Lock wood. Stiles, Charles Albert, Stocker, John Henry, Taintor, Grace Pierson, Tanner, John Henry, Taylor, Willard Underbill. Thayer, Harry Stowe, Titus, Fred Allyn, Tone, Frank Jerome, Tracy, Charles Sedgwick. Van Everen, Horace Greeley, Van Kirk, Edwin Stratton, Van Vleet, Carrie Lena, Van Wagenen, Jared. Jr., Vedder, Wellington Romeyn, Vogel, George John, Waful, Edward Everett, Waterman. Jot Salisbury, Weeks, Charles Melville, Williams, Edward Eugene, Willson, Herbert McAdam, Wood, Edward McGill, Yawger, Edwin, Limestone, Cambridge, 189 Mass., Arts Arts North Evans, Science Mansfield, CM/o, Letters Otto, Agriculture Hermitage, Letters Barre, Mass., Electrical Eng. Cleveland, CM/0, Civil Eng. Chicago, ///., Architecture Washington, P. C., Civil Eng. Bingham ton, Science Angola, Science East. Ivon, Arts Clarence, Mo., Lyons, I'an Ettenville, Shortsville, Bergen, Syracuse, Brooklyn, A'ewfield, Candor, Laivversville, Leeds, Albany, Le RaysviUc, Worcester, Brooklyn, Rochester, Sharon, Pa., Science Philosophy Letters Mechanical Eng. Civil Eng. Letters Mechanical Eng. Agriculture Philosophy Apiculture Civil ling. Arts Architecture Letters Letters Electrical Eng. Electrical Eng. Indianapolis, Ind., Electrical Eng. Union Springs, Mechanical Eng. OPTIONAL STUDENTS. Holmes, Manfred James, Moody, Robert Orton, Newbrook, William George, Sheldon, Edward Morgan Stroud, Bert Brenette. Tarbell, George Schuyler, ' New Haven, Ithaca Conn. Buffalo Martinsburgh Ithaca Ithaca 190 CA TAL OGUE OF STUDENTS. JUNIORS. Aldrich, Elliott Fournier, Arnold, Charles Joseph, Atwood, William Greene, Babine, Alexey Vasilyevich, Bacon, George Wood, Bailey, Edward Clifford, Baker, William Gregory, Baldwin, Arthur J, Baldwin, Ernest Howard, Baldwin, Leonard DeWitt, Barnes, Stuart Gray, Bates, Fred Orlando, Bates, Sherman William, Beardsley, Frank J, Bcehc, Roscoe Conkling, Bell, Frank Austin, Benedict, llerschel Albert, Bissell, Frank Brigham, Black, Frederic M, Boland, Francis Halsey, Booth, Ilenry Anson, Borigbt, William Parsons, Bostwick, Charles Dibble, Breckinridge, Mary Grace, Brewer, Francis Ezra Brooks, William Bentliall, Jr., Brown, J Grove, Brown, William, Brownell, James Parker, Bump, Burton Nelson, Burnett, Samuel Howard, Burns, Edward Michael, Bums, Justin Jerome Ambrose, Burrage, George Closson, Burrage, Herbert Farwell, Burwell, Robert Turnbull, Ph.B., Caldwell, Grace Wilmarth, Cannon, Harrison Dickinson, Capwell, Allison Stone, Carlton, Willard Gilbert, Aquebogue, Mechanical Eng. Albany, Mechanical Eng. Fredonia, Civil Eng. Elatma, Russia, Arts Green wich, N. /., Electrical Eng. New York City, Letters Clyde, Arts Ithaca, Arts Civil Eng. Springfield, Mo., Arts Ithaca, Syracuse, Mechanical Eng. Shelby Centre, Arts Akron, Science Owego, Arts Ludlowville, Civil Eng. Spencer, Arts Billing, Electrical Eng. Buffalo, Mechanical Eng. Newark, Ohio, Philosophy New York City, Electrical Eng. Candor, Philosophy Chatham, Civil Eng. Ithaca, Arts Binghamton, Philosophy G ilbertsville, Arts Erie, Pa., Electrical Eng. Harford, Mechanical Eng. Belfast, Civil Eng. Carthage, Civil Eng. Binghamton, Electrical Eng. Webster, Arts Bull's Head, Science Watertown, Civil Eng. Worcester, Mass., Philosophy Worcester, Mass., Agriculture Raleigh, N C., Mechanical Eng. Ithaca, Arts Ithaca, Philosophy Rockland, R. /., Warren, III-, Electrical Eng. Electrical Eng. SENIORS. Carolan, Edgar Alfred,' Clark, Charles Henry, Clark, Edward Everett, Clark, Howard William, Clemens, Abraham Bowman, Clementson, George Burr, Clephane, Lewis Painter, Colton, Royal Fowler, Conklin, Harry Raymond, Corey, Fred Brainard, Cothrau, James Sproull, Jr., B.S., Couch, Vinton Myron, Cowan, Freeman Britton, Crouch, Calvin Henry, Curtis, Winthrop Lincoln, Davis, George Henry, Davison, George Millard, Derham, Milo Grant, Dick, William Amzi, A.B., Dickey, Laura Stanley, Dingle, James Hervey, A.B., Doolittle, Adelia Francis, Duniway, Clyde Augustus, Dunn, Frank Slentz, Dyett, James Hatlieway, Eakle, Arthur Starr, San Francisco, Cal., Electrical Canastota, Civil Elmira, Electrical Irondequoit, Lancaster; Jf/J., 191 Eng. Eng. Eng. Arts Preston, Canada, Mechanical Eng. Letters Washington, D. C., Electrical Eng. Rock ford, III., Civil Eng. Apple ton, Wis., Homer, Abbeville, S. C, Odessa, Electrical Eng. Electrical Eng. Mechanical Eng. Civil Eng. Gananoque, Canada, Mech. Eng. Oswego, Mechanical Eng. Horschcads, Civil Eng. North Hannibal, Apalachin, Altona, III., Oberlin, Ohio, Ncwburgh, Charleston, S. C, Electrical Eng. Arts Arts Electrical Eng. Science Civil Eng. Washington, D. C., Houston. Idaho, C'lica,Pa., Rome, Arts Arts Civil Eng. Mechanical Eng. Washington, D. O , Science Mech. Eng. Ely, William Grosveuor, Jr., Ph.B., Nonvich, Conn., Wit helm, Erisman, Henry, Civil Eng. Esterly, William Lawrence, Columbiana, Ohio, Philosophy Etheridge, Charles Locke, Electrical Eng. Chicago, III., Farkell, George C, Electrical Eng. Canajoharie, Field, Arthur Carpenter, Mechanical Eng. Chicago, III., Fish, John Charles Lounsbury, Civil Eng. Florence, Ohiot Fisher, Edwin Eugene, Electrical Eng. Brooklyn, Flint, Frances Elizabeth Holeman,Rochester, Arts Foote, Robert Budroe, Jr., Hamburgh, Letters Fowler, Albert Merrill, Newburgh, Philosophy Fuller, Thomas James Duncan, Architecture Washington, D. C., Garrett, Urias Evans, Architecture Iona, Pa., Geigel, Antonio Sabat, Civil Eng. San Juan, Porto Rico, Gerecke, Amy, Science Newburgh, Gibbon, Charles William, Charleston, S. C , Mechanical Eng. 192 CA TAL OGUE OF STUDENTS. Marcellus Falls, Delmar, Gilbert, Frank Marble, Gilliland, Alice Mabel, Golden, ITarry Eysaman, Goldsborough, Winder Elwell, Griswold, George Carter, Guinn, John Broome, Hag^ett, Earle Cli/Tord, Ilamann, Henry George, Haring, Fred Benson, Harmon, M;.ry Patterson, Havncs, G e o r g e White, Iledden, Klmoud Janseii, Ileilman, Orin Gibson, Henry, Arthur Robert, Hicks, Henry, Hoi brook, I)io Lewis, Ilortou, Elmer Grant, Howe, Harry Dresser, I l o x i e , George L, 1 l o x i e , Robert Franklin, Hovt, Carroll Livingston, Ilueslis, Charles Calvin, Hurd, Brad French, Hyde, Frank Shaw, Ide, Frank Pierce, Jackson, Frank Darwin, Jenkins, David John, Jones, Robert Valentine, Kaiser, Arthur William Herman, KeiflTer. Lenard Brown, Kelsev, Arthur Townsend, King, Walter Grant, Knight, Percy Henry, Knocli, Julius James, B.S., Kolb, Theodore Baldwin, Kreidler, Charles Ray, Kreidler, Deo Clair, Kulin, Joseph, Lachicotte, Walter Betts, Lathrop, John Pelatiah Perit, Law, Cecilia Agnes, Levy, Charles Joseph, Mechanical Eng. Philosophy Little Falls, Civil Eng. Green sborough, Md., Elec. Eng. Milo, III., Philosophy Georgia City, Mo., Civil Eng. Dunkirk, Mechanical Eng. Davenport, Iowa, Electrical Eng. L udlozuville, letters Cony, Pa., Philosophy Fremont, Ohio, Philosophy Charlton, Civil Eng. William sport, Pa., Mech. Eng. Quebec, Canada, Mechanical Eng. Westbury Station, Agriculture New York City, Mechanical Eng. Arcade, Science Ifampton, Va., Agriculture Anamosa, Iowa, Mechanical Eng. J1 'h itcsbo ro, Letters Wellsville, Mechanical Eng. Croivn Point, Civil Eng. Branchport, Architecture Montague, Mass., Chemistry Springfield, III., Mechanical Eng. Bradford, Pa., Electrical Eng. Milton, Pa., Mechanical Eng. Taghanic Falls, Civil Eng. Buffalo, Philosophy New Orleans, La., Chemistry Mecklenburgh, Mechanical Eng. New York City, Science Fredonia, Electrical Eng. Saxon burgh, Pa., Civil Eng. Elmira, Chemistry South Dansville, Science South Dansville, Letters Lima, Ohio, Mechanical Eng. WaverlyMills, S C., Electrical Eng. LeRoy, Civil Eng. Ithaca, Letters New York City, Letters JUNIORS. *93 Lewis, Liston Leone, Canton, Pa., Philosophy Lindsay, William Edward, Baltimore, Md., Electrical Eng. Ludlam, Harry Weeks, Oyster Bay, Electrical Eng. McAllister, Peter Francis, Ithaca, Letters McComb, William Nelson, Ithaca, Mechanical Eng. MacGregor, James Ferguson, Gait, Canada, Mechanical Eng. McKnight, George Harley, Sterling Valley, Arts McLaren, Malcolm Neil, Milwaukee, Wis., Mechanical Eng. McNulty, Sarah Adeline, Washington, P. C., Arts Marble, Louis Mills, Washington, P. C , Science Marston, Amos Wilbur, Winnebago, III., Letters Massey, John Rice, Chicago, III., Electrical Eng. Mathews, Clarence Wentworth, Andover, Mass., Agriculture Matthews, Charles Pliilo, Fort Covington, Electrical Eng. Maynard, Margaret Rebecca, Canton, J11., Arts Maynard, Sherman Darwin, Lew Beach, Agriculture Melotte, Julia Lorraine, Ithaca, Philosophy Merritt, Ernest Gordon, Savannah, Science Michaelson, Joseph McConnechy, Geneva, Civil Eng. Mickle, Robert Thomas, Mi11vilie, N.J., Mechanical Eng. Miller, Alfred John, Poyleslown, Ohio, Letters Monfort, Frederick Delos, St. Paul, Minn., Philosophy Moore, Frank Cook, Aquebogue, Civil Eng. Moreland, Sherman, Van Ettenville, Letters Morley, Edgar Lewis, Baldzuinsville, Electrical Eng. Mosher, Ward, Cold Spring, Letters Mulford, Furman Lloyd, Mil Unite, N.J., Agriculture Muiioz, Salvador, Rivas, Nicaragua, Mech. Eng. Murray, Lucy, San Francisco, Cat., Arts Newman, Jacob Kiefer, New Orleans, La., Electrical Eng. Nichols, Leon Nelson, U est Win field, Letters Norton, Francis Leonard, Springfield, Mass., Arts Noyes, George Wallingford, Kenwood, Arts Osborne, Loyall Allen, Newark, N.J., Electrical Eng. Palmer, Harry Mitchell, Pittsburgh, Pa., Electrical Eng. Park, Arthur Bushnell, Winfield, Mechanical Eng. Parke, Frederic Huntington, Unadilla, Mechanical Eng. Parris, William Albert, Philadelphia, Pa., Electrical Eng. Pearson, Anne R, Ithaca, Letters Pedc, John Sedgwick, Staunton, Va., Electrical Eng. Phillips, Fred Clinton, »# Little Falls, Civil Eng! Piffard, Henry Haight, * New York City, Electrical Eng. T1 194 CA TAL OGUE OF STUDENTS. Pill more, Fred, Westemville, Mechanical EngPiatt, Frederick Joseph, Waterford, Mechanical Eng. Pope, Charles Edward, Cleveland, Ohio, Mechanical Eng. Poss, Victor Henry, SI. Louis, Mo., Civil Eng. Potter, Mary Alice, North East on, Letters Purdy, George Carr, Middletown, Arts Quencer, Albert Benore, Watertown, Arts Register, Harry Vollmer, Philadelphia, Pa., Arts Rodriguez, Arturo, San Juan, Porto Rico, Civil Eng. Root, Louis Carroll, Port Byron, • Arts Rowe, Bertrand Perry, Ithaca, Electrical Eng. Rowe, Norman, Oswego, Electrical Eng. Sawyer, Barton Mansfield, Ithaca, Electrical Eng. Schreudcr, Otto Peter, Syracuse, Architecture Scidmore, Frank Lincoln, East Watertown, Electrical Eng. Seymour, Arthur Trumbull, Turin, Letters Shapleigh, William Chapman, Lockport, Mechanical Eng. Shaw, Harry Wesley, South Orange, N. J., Civil Eng. Sheldon, Franklin Lacy, Auburn, Mechanical Eng. Shillitiger, John George, West Lebanon, Civil Eng. Shurter, Edwin DuBois, Brookton, Philosophy Smith, Laura Bertha, Ithaca, Science Smith, Leonard J, Cortland, Civil Eng. Smith, William Sumner, Hampden, Mass., Mechanical Eng. Snyder, George B McClellan, Nina, Science Sould, Frank, New Orleans, La., Letters Souza, Epaminoudas Alves de, Juiz de F6ra, Brazil, Agriculture Sparrell, John Kirk wood, Oriskany, Arts Spencer, Josephine, Waverly, Letters Stanford, George Elijah, Evanston, III., Philosophy Starkweather, William Gustavus, Milwaukee, Wis., Mechanical Eng. Steinacher, Gustavo Jos6, Ponce, Porto Rico, Civil Eng. Stewart, Artluur Daniel, Anchor, III., Mechanical Eng. Strother, Robert Henry, Marshall, Mo., Mechanical Eng. Sturdevaut, Charles Ralph, Youngsville, Pa., Mechanical Eng. Swartout, Carolinne Harder, Owego, Philosophy Takahashi, Otoji, Tokio, Japan, Agriculture Tappau, Frances, Baldwinsville, Letters Taylor, Beulah Wilson, Schuyler's Lake, Science Taylor, Frank Sylvester, Chicopee Falls, Mass., Letters Thayer, George Langstaff, Chicago^ III., Electrical Eng. Throop, Francis Wayland, Port G ft son, Electrical Eng. JUNIORS. Tourtellot, Jerry Williams, Townsend, George Rappleye, Turner, Horace Greeley, Tuttle, George Mott, Voetter, Thomas Wilson, Vose, Walter Irving, Walker, John Charles, Walter, Harry Joseph, Warner, Robert Lyon, Werner, Charles Hain, White, Charles Miles, Wille, Harry Valentine, Williams, Roswell Carter, Jr., Wilson, Chester Paultou, Wolf, Retinoid, Wolfe, Joseph Meixell, A.B., Wood, Augustus, Wood, Edgar Harper, Wood, Harrison Haskell, Wood, Horatio Nelson, Woodward, Arthur Herbert, Ithaca, Chicago III., Pope's Mills, Le Roy, Pittsburgh, Pa., Manvilie, R. I., Akron, Whitney's Point, Portland, Oreg., Reading, Pa., Buffalo, 195 Electrical Eng. Electrical Eng. Civil Eng. Letters Electrical Eng. Civil Eng. Letters Philosophy Electrical Eng. Mechanical Eng. Electrical Eng. Philadelphia, Pa., Electrical Eng. Brooklyn, Mechanical Eng. Indianapolis, Ind., Electrical Eng. Ithaca, Philosophy Lewisburgh, Pa., Electrical Eng. Batavia, Mechanical Eng. Ithaca, Mechanical Eng. Pittsburgh, Pa., Electrical Eng. Westbury, Mechanical Eng. Chicago, III., Mechanical Eng. OPTIONAL STUDENTS. Bloss, Joseph Mackie, Breckenridge, Roeliff Morton, Brewster, Anna Roosa, Collins, Florence Belle Colnon, Aaron Joseph Elliott, John Lovejoy, Elliott, Russell Hills, Elijah Clarence, Knapp, Alexander Payson, Laidlaw, Gilbert William McFarland, Alan Ramsay O'Shea, Michael Vincent Sutliff, Edward Milton, Tuthill, Grace Blanch, Vedder, Estella May, Whicher, Charles Maples, ' • ' Titusville, PU. Hamilton, Canada South Ptainfield Syracuse Ogdensburgh Princeton, III. Buffalo Tampa, Fla. New New York City EllicottviHe Haven, Conn. Le Roy Warren, St. Ohio Waverly JohnsvilU Mayville i 196 CA TAL OGUE OF STUDENTS. SOPHOMORES. Adams, Percy Crowley, Adams, Spencer Lionel, Alberger, Alvan Hyde, Alexander, Henry David, .Allen, Edwin Pitcher, Andrews, Arthur Lynn, Anthony, James Stowell, Armstrong, HarleyJ, Auel, Carl Bennett, Baeon, George Morgan, Baier, Julius William, Baird, Frank Jewell, Baker, William Gregory, Baldwin, Abram Turnure, Baldwin, George Lyon, Baldwin, Seward, Ball, Charles Hubbard, Ballantyue, Norman Frank, Barker, James Francis, Bamum, Ward, Barrett, Anna Frances, Barton, Rosetta Mayard, Beals, Albert Ebenezer, Beckett, Samuel Gustavus. Bertholf, Charles Howard, Bingham, Arthur Walter, Bishop, Hubert Keeney, Blood, Charles W H, Bolles, George Albert, Booth, Arthur Woodward, Bowen, Corydon Hart, Boynton, Edmond Plumb, Boynton, Stuart Duulevy, .Braine, Elizabeth Musgrove, Brayton, William Stanton, .Bristol, Alice Josephine, Brobeck, Joseph George, Brooks, Alfred Charles. Brown, Martha Avery, Brown, Walter Frazer, Randolph, Architecture Skaneateles, Arts Buffalo, Mechanical Eng. Minneapolis, Minn., Civil Eng. Clarence, Letters Ithaca, Letters New York City, Electrical Eng. Decatur, III., Electrical Eng. Brooklyn, Electrical Eng. West Medford, Mass., Civil Eng. Jersey City, N. J., Medical Prep. Pulaski, Agriculture Clyde, Arts New York City, Mechanical Eng. Towanda, Pa., Letters Waverly, Mechanical Eng. Le Roy, Letters Ottawa, Canada, Electrical Eng. Chicago, III., Mechanical Eng. Centreville, Electrical Eng. Albion, Philosophy Oneonta, Arts Norwich, Mechanical Eng. Toronto, Canada, Architecture Marlborough, N.J., Electrical Eng. De Pere, Wis., Science Warsaw, Civil Eng. New York City, Mechanical Eng. Naples, Arts Elmira, Medical Prep. LeRoy, Civil Eng. Cedar Rapids, la., Civil Eng. Chicago, III., Mechanical Eng. Brooklyn, Letters Providence, R. /., Electrical Eng. Canton, Pa., Letters Sag Harbor, Science Ithaca, Architecture LeRoy, Chicago, III., Science Mechanical Eng. SOPHOMORES. Brown, William Hiram, Brussel, Elbert, Burr, Jonathan Sturge3, Burr, Nellie Ann, Burton, Paul Gibson, Bush, Harold Montfort, Cadmus, George Woodhead, Camp, Charles Forster, Campbell, John Palmer, Carpenter, Gilbert Congdon, Cavanaugh, George Walter, Center, Henry Price, Cessna, Julia, Cessm, John Randolph, Chapin, Ernest Pitney, Christiauce, Minnie May, Clark, Dan Baker, Clark, Edwin Carletou, Clark, Wellyn Brayton, Clarke, William Addison, Clay, Francis Warfield, Clephaue, Malcolm Wolcott, Cohen, Alan Mordecai, Comesky, John, Connard, Frank Leavenworth, Cook, John Ames, Cook, Junius Ford, Cosby, Frank Clark, Cross, Frank Leonard, Cruiksliank, Lyle, Cruui, Fred Stephen, Cushman, Blin Sill, 197 Mechanical Eng. Electrical Eng. Mechanical Eng. Science Electrical Eng. Mechanical Eng. Civil Eng. Mechanical Eng. Cleveland, Ohio, New York City, Brooklyn, Boonville, Albany, Ithaca, Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York Mills, Providence, R. /.. Mechanical Eng. Civil Eng. Chemistry Mechanical Eng. Architecture Mechanical Eng. Electrical Eng. Letters Civil Eng. Electrical Eng. Architecture Mechanical Eng. Civil Eng. Eng. Eng. Eng. Eng. Eng. Eng. Eng. WaUrtoivn, Ottawa, ///., Ithaca, Ithaca, Antrim, A'. //., Ithaca, Olcan, Lancaster, Castor land, Toledo, OA 10, Lexington, AY., Philadelphia, / b . , Electrical Baltimore, Md., Mechanical Xorivalk, Ohio, Mechanical Reading, Pa., Mechanical Chicago, III., Mechanical Whitneys Point, Mechanical Washington, D. C , Electrical Electrical Eng. Mechanical Eng. Letters Chemistry Letters Darling,Frederick Edgar Bradford, 7r0y, Civil Eng. Plymouth, Pa., Davenport, Ward Palmer, Civil Eng. Council Bluffs, Iowa, Davis, Carl Everett, Varysburgh, Arts Davis, Theron Dexter, Port Jenis, Chemistry De Witt, John Hull, New York City, Electrical Eng. Dewsnap, Samuel Brown, Nezv York City, Electrical Eng. Doepp, Louis Ernest, Niagara Falls, Carthage, West Candor, New Berlin, Dole, Walter Sanford, Doney, De Witt Clinton, Donn, John Mahon, Kapaa Kanai,Hawaiian 7s.,C. Eng. Columbus, Ohio, Mechanical Eng. Baltimore, Md., Architecture 200 CA TAL OGUE OF STUDENTS. Doolittle, Lewis Joseph, Doores, William Richard Downes, Charles Sawyer, Draper, Frederick Clinton, Duncan, Charles Henry, Dunn, Charles, Durand, Elias Judah, Earle, Henry Curtis, Eastman, Walter Lane, Edwards, Walter Wallace, Eickemeyer, Carl, Emery, Arthur Lowell, Everett, William Root, Farnham, Irv ing Tupper, Federspiel, Mortimer Alexander, Fenner, Leslie A, Filkins. Claude William Leroy, FiUpatrick. May Ransom, Florer, Warren Washburn, A.B., Ford, James Story, Ford, Paul Cooler, Jr., Fowler, George Vermilyfca, Freshman, Charles Homer, Frost, Frank Raymond, Gardinier, William John, Gilbert, Wells Smith, Goda, Kanemaro, Goert Crombie, Fulton, Letters Howland, Arthur Charles, South Ihinby, Arts Hoxie, Kinney, Leonardsville, Mechanical Eng. Hubbell, Benjamin S, Cleveland, Ohio, Architecture Hubby, Lester Meade, Cleveland, Ohio, Philosophy Hutchinson, Frederick Lane, Elizabeth, X.J., Electrical Eng. Hyde, Walter Woodburn, Ithaca, Arts Insull, Martin John, f.ondon, England, Mech. Eng. Jacobs, Robert Hyde, Delhi, Civil Eng. Jameson, Joseph Moore, Montrose, Pa.% Science Jaquish, Ben Murray, Luzerne, Pa.% Science Jeffrey, Charles Louis, New Berlin, Electrical Eng. Jewell, Edward Winchell, Uheaton, III., Mechanical Eng. Jewett, Frank N, Elmira, Science Joy, John Marstou, Amesbury, Mass., Electrical Eng. Katte, Edwin Britton, New York City, Mechanical Eng. Keller, Frank Perry, Monongahela City, Pa., Arch. Kelley, Frederick Williams, Albany, Mechanical Eng. Kellogg, Waldo Stewart. Atchison, Kan., Architecture Klinck, John Henry, Charleston, S. C., Electrical Eng. Kraus, George Augustus, Clarence, Electrical Eng. Kress, Carl Fred, Johnstown, Pa., Mechanical Eng, Lacey, John Fletcher, Lincoln, Del., Civil Eng. Ladd, Carlton Eastman, Buffalo, Philosophy Landis, John Christopher, Jr., St. Joseph, Mo., Philosophy Langdon, William Chauncy, Jr., Providence, R. I., Arts Lange, John, Poughkeepsie, Mechanical Eng. Law, Grace Mary, Ithaca, Letters Lawrence, Clara Louise, Waterville, Science Lillie, Charles Maples, Gilbertsville, Arts 200 CA TAL OGUE OF STUDENTS. Hoosick Falls, Mechanical Eng. Jackson, Mich., Electrical Eng. Ilion, Civil Eng. Arts Cortland, Decatur, III., Electrical Eng. Letters Ithaca, Science Salineville, Ohio, Arts Lyons, Civil Eng. Rome, Locke, Sylvanus Dire, Jr., Lombard, Edwin Craffs, Loomis, Willis Henry, Lovell, Ross Meacham, Lytle, George Andrew, McClaughry, Mary, MacGillivray, Alexander Dyer, McGonigal, Ethel Marion, MacIInrg, John Brainard, Jr., Mclntire, Mary Amelia Josephine, East Cambridge, Mass., Philosophy Ithaca, Letters Mack, Horace, 2d, Norzoalk, Ohio, Mechanical Eng. Mack, William Gordon, Providence, R. I, Arts Malvern, Lewis Keith, Rochester, Mechanical Eng. Marx, Guido Hugo, Mashek, George Milek, Mcech, Robert Owen, Melrose, Clifton John, Meyers, Alfred Hildebrand, Mickle, John Daniel, Miles, William David, Miller. Kempster Blancliard, Miller, Thcron Butler, Moore, Harlan, Moore. Harlan Flavius, Morris, Freeman L, Morris, Mnry Augusta. Morrison, Robert Orrell, Moses, Julian A, Mylod, Thomas Francis, Nathan, Benjamin, Newell, Benjamin Haff, Newton, Jacob Charles, Northrop, George Henry, Northup, Clark Sutherland, Osgood, Winchester Dana, O'Shea, Margaret, Otis, Margaret, Palmer, Harry Crowell, Parkhurst, Frederick Alexander, Pearson, Sarah, Peck, Harry Gold, Perkins, Albert Henry, Kewannee, Wis., Mechanical Eng. Buffalo, Arts Franklin ville, Arts Columbia, Pa., Electrical Eng. Chatham, Electrical Eng. New Britain,Conn., Electrical Eng. Washington, D. C., Electrical Eng. Columbus, Ohio, Letters Harrodsburgh, Ky., Arts Holyoke, Mass., Mechanical Eng. Philosophy Fredonia, Letters Brooklyn, Civil Eng. Newark, Ohio, Electrical Eng. New York City, Medical Prep. Poughkeepsie, Letters New York City, Arts Brooklyn, Letters Hamburgh, Arts Cherry Creek, Arts Edmeston, Jefferson Barracks, Mo., Civil Eng. Rochester, Arts Rochester, Arts East Orange, N. J., Civil Eng. Albany, Waterloo, Architecture Arts Mechanical Eng. Civil Eng. Waterville, Granby Center, SOPHOMORES. Perkins, George Clarence, Perrine, Charles, Peters, Heber Cusbing, Pettebone, Jacob Sharps, Jr., Pond, Freeman Clarke, Priest, Asa Beaumont, Ramsey, Harry Nathan, Rice, Edward Carr, Rich, Charles Abiel, Ripley, John Wesley, Rossmau, Clark Green, Rowland, John Thomas, Jr., Sandersou, Edward Spalding, Sawyer, Emma Louise, Scherer, Charles Robert, Schmidt, William Henry, Schneck, George William, Schrenk, Hermann, Shantz, Oliver, Sheldon, Jeanette May, Shepard, Louis Alfred, Shriver, Joseph Alexis, Sibsou, Walter Woodhouse, Simpson, Ernest Baker, Simpson, William Robert, Smith, Charles Marvin, Smith, Jessie Woodbull, Suyder, Frank Gerome, Soule, Grace, Southworth, William Walter, Spalding, Mary Doan, Sperry, Beardsley Northrop, Springer, Anton, Jr., Spurr. Maud, Stacey, Harley James, Stoddard, Charles Herbert, Strait, Burton, Strong, Frederick Finch, Studley, Elmer Ebenezer, Swearingen, Grace Fleming, Sweet, Horace Brimmer, Symonds, George Parker, 201 Science Newark, Arts Wallkill, Mechanical Eng. Boston, Mass., Architecture Kingston, Pa., Architecture Crown Point, Arts Canandaigua, Electrical Eng. Otean, Arts Fairfield, Gardner, Mass , Mechanical Eng. Civil Eng. Sag Harbor, Civil Eng. Ancratn, Architecture Jersey City, X. J., Mechanical Eng. Scran ton, Ih., Philosophy Ithaca, Letters Albany, Civil Eng. New York City, Arts Waterloo, Agriculture New York City, Architecture Bres la u, Canada, Architecture Watertown, Arts Spencer, Agriculture Baltimore, Md.. German/own, Pa. , Electrical Eng. Cleveland, Ohio, Mechanical Eng. Mechanical Eng. Green burgh, Letters Lancaster, Electrical Eng. Newburgh, Mechanical Eng. Nina, Arts Savannah, Arts Holley, Letters Brooklyn, Science Syracuse, Electrical Eng. Rome, Science South Edmeston, Arts Rural Hill, Letters Glens Falls, Letters Shokopee, Minn., Chemistry Ithaca, Arts East Ashford, Council Bluffs, Iowa, Science Electrical Eng. Utica, Ogdensburgh, Mechanical E n g . 202 CA TAL OGUE OF STUDENTS. Tassin, Wirt de Vivier, Fori Sully, 5. D., Chemistry Tennatit, Fred Adams, Ripley, Electrical Eng. Thomas, James Mantelle, Jr., Baltimore, Md., Mechanical Eng. Townsend, Edward Candee, Ithaca, Arts Tracy, James Frank, Toledo, Ohio, Electrical Eng. Truman, Frank Stedman, Owe go, Arts Tuck, John Bennett Flackville, Letters Turn hull, Wallace Rupert, St. John, Canada, Electrical Eng. T y n g , Charles, Victoria, Tex., Civil Eng. Tvng, George McAlpine, Victoria, Tex., Chemistry Van Buskirk, John Hamlin, Peoria, III., Mechanical Eng. Van Buskirk, William Tobev, Peoria, III,, Chemistry Van Cleef, Henry Howell, Poughkeepsie, Mechanical Eng. Van Dorn, Thomas Burten, Cleveland, Ohio, Mechanical Eng. Vedder, Catherine Dorothy, St. Johnsvilie, Science Walker, George Washington, Binghamton, Science Ward law, George Augustus, New York City, Electrical Eng. Ware, Louie Erville, Worcester, Mass., Letters Warner, George Bradner, Wellington, Ohio, Letters Warriner, Thomas Read, Adams Centre, Civil Eng. Watson, William, Cleveland, Ohio, Electrical Eng. Webb, Abncr Grant, Mineral Ridge, Ohio, Arts Weed, Robert Murray, Leavenworth, Kan., Letters Wessliug, Albert Gustave, Cincinnati, Ohio, Mechanical Eng. Wharton, Hugh Morrison, Philadelphia, Pa., Electrical Eng. Whetstone, Walter, Eau Claire, Wis., Mechanical Eng. White, Ernest Ingersoll, Syracuse, Letters White, Harry George, Buffalo, Mechanical Kng. White, Louis Eugene, Detroit, Mich., Mehcanical Eng. White, Rollin Henry, Cleveland, Ohio, Mechanical Eng. White, William Curtis, Elmira, Arts Whiting, Henry Freeman, A.B., Carlisle, Pa., Electrical Eng. Whittemore, Charles Francis, Chicopee Falls, Mass., . Elec. Eng. Widger, Clark William. Norwich, Civil Eng. Wigglesworth, Albert Wesley, Palmyra, Electrical Eng. Wilcox, Arabella Elizabeth, Middletown, Philosophy Wilcox, Glenn Avery, North Litchfield, Science Wilkins, Isaac Chester Griswold, Whitehall, Electrical Eng. Williamson, Robert Baird, Port Hope, Canada, Electrical Eng. Wilson, Emory Meyers, Washington, D. C., Philosophy Wilson, Fred Lewis, Buffalo, Electrical Eng. Wing, Louis Fenuimore, Buffalo, Philosophy FRESHMEN. Witherbee, George Pease, Port Henry, 203 Mechanical Eng. Woodbridge, Thomas Witherbee, Port Henry, Chemistry Yates, Harry Deshields, Warren ton, l'a., Mechanical Eng. Yerzley, William Alfred, Forrest City, Ark., Mechanical Eng. Young, William, Witliamsport, Pa., Civil Eng. OPTIONAL STUDENTS. Brown, LaMonte Gray, Burr, Jessie Alice, Chuss, George Henry, Jr Cook, DeWitt Clinton, Danser, Jason Seymour Ellis, William Charles, Everett, Edward, Hadden, Clarence Bernard Harrington, Herbert Russell Jackson, Edward, Jr., Jones, J Kirby, . .. Kellogg, William Greenwood, Lautz, Otto John, Lewman, John, Loveland, Floyd Neilson, McNeal, Louis Bertel Merriam, Henry Estes, Morris, Julia Louise Murphy, Charles Eugene, Percy, Alice, Scaife, William B Sechrist, Cora Stalling, Shearer, John Sandford, . . . Taylor, Mary Gilley L Yarrington, Adrian Monroe i'tiea Boonville Lyons Vienna East Clarence Pike Witliamsport, Pa. Sandusky, Ohio Logan, Ohio Ithaca East Chatham Greemvood Buffalo Danville, III. Richmondvilie Marion, Ohio Waverly Brooklyn Pike Chatham Pittsburgh, Pa. Canton, Ohio Homer Ithaca Sayvilie FRESHMEN. Ahern, John Lewis, Ahem, Thomas Francis, Allan, Charles Davies, Alves, Bessie, Angell, Jennie Neta, Ashby, Charles Wesley, Ashley, Edward Gordon, Whitney's Point, Philosophy Whitney's Point, Mechanical Eng. Montclair, N.J., Mechanical Eng. Lansingburgh, Philosophy West Bay City, Mich., Philosophy Troy, Civil Eng. Batavia, Electrical Eng. 204 CA TAL OGUE OF STUDENTS. Architecture Brookfield, Philosophy Dunkirk, Philosophy Crestline, Ohio, Civil Eng. Buffalo, Dillspurg, Pa., Electrical Eng. Buffalo, Civil Eng. Civil Eng. Woodfords, Me., Architecture Rochester, Arts Fairfield, Electrical Eng. Syracuse, Housatonic, Mass,, Civil Eng. Lindsay, Canada, Mechanical Eng. Troy, Electrical Eng. Austin, William Eugene, Babcock, Maude Rose, Babst, Earl Daniel, Bailey, Earl Bishop, Bailey, Frank Eugene, Bailey, William Blakely, Barbour, Irvin William, Barlow, Edwin Thayer. Barnes, George Edward, Barnes George Warren, Barnes. Jav Preston, Barr, Charles James, Barry, Fred Wesley, Batchelder, Francis Joseph, Bates, Frank Henry, Battev, Alice Margaret, Bayer, August Hector von, Beach, Harry Merrick, Beardsley, Wallace Beers, Benjamin, Anna Myneue, Bennett, James Ewing, Bontlcv, Edward Abram, Bentley, Ernest Wilkinson, Bcrgmanu, Louise S, Besosa, Joseph Celedonio, Blake, Clinton Frederick, Bogart, Eluier Ellsworth, Bogrdn, Saluniino Pacheo. Boice, Theodore Hill, Bradley, Lyman Richard, Bray, William L, Brewer, Henry, Briggs, Clifton Chidester, Brooks, George G, Brown, Charles Lyman, Brown, Charlotte Wells, Brown, Ethelbert Washington, Brown, George Frederick, Jr., Brown, Garrett Hubbard, Bryson, Thomas Bines, Bunting, Douglas, Burns, Clinton Sumner, Glen Ridge, N. /., Civil Philadelphia, Pa., Mechanical Buffalo, Washington, D. C., Electrical Cortlahd, Ithaca, Owego, Eng. Eng. Arts Eng. Civil Eng. Chemistry Science Chicago, III., Mechanical Eng. Mech. Eng. Mech. Eng. Medical Prep. New Brighton, Pa., New Brighton, Pa., Louisville, Ky., Ponce, Porto Rico, Mechanical Eng. Chicago, III., Electrical Eng. Owego, Arts Pinalejo, Honduras, Agriculture Rondout, Electrical Eng. Spencer, Civil Eng. Burnside, III., Enfield Centre, Clifton Springs, Scranton, Pa., Agriculture Mechanical Eng. Chemistry Civil Eng. Chicago, IU., Brooklyn, Electrical Eng. Letters Ithaca, * • Architecture Civil Eng. Brooklyn, Syracuse, Mechanicshurg, Pa., Electrical Eng. Civil Eng. East Mauch Chunk,Pa.,Mech. Eng. Port Byron, Civil Eng. FRESHMEN. B^rr, Harry Kent, Burrage, Gertrude Amelia, Burroughs, Henry Harding, Canal, Carlos Julio, Chapman, Roswell Curtis, Clark, Eugene Bradley, Clark, Thomas Stevens, Cleaver, Charles Alfred, Close, Ralph Tompkins, Coe, Ira Judson, Collin, Dwight Ripley, Colt, William Leonard, Colwell, John Alexander, Jr., Connor, Harriett Chedie, Cook, George Frederick, Corson, Bayard Wilkeson, Cowperthwa t, Allan, Crissey, Lucy Love, Cuddeback, Allan Winter, Cummings, Noah, Cuunuings, Orrie Pratt, Curran, Sherwood Spencer, Daggett, Royal Bradford, Davis, William Everal, Delahanty, William Raymond, Dix, John Woodruff, Dodge, James Lynn, Dole, William Herbert, Donovan, James Clarence, Doubleday, Grace, Douglas, Henry Percy, Downing, Frederick Bagg, Dunham, Walter Horatio, Edgerton, Morgan Brown, Edmonds, George Strettle, Blkins, William Lukeus, Farnham, Sidney Wilkin, Faulkner, William Willis Fechheimer, Sam Henry, Feehan, Ella, Fernback, Oscar Henry, Field, Frederick William, 205 Florence, Mass., Electrical Eng. Worcester, Mass., Philosophy Washington, D C., Electrical Eng. Cucuta, CI. S. of Columbia, M. Eng. Norivich, Arts Washington, D. C., Mech. Eng. Denver, Col., Civil Eng. Chicago, III., Mechanical Eng. Greenwich, Conn., Mech. Eng. Dover, N.J., Civil Eng. Ithaca, Arts Chicago, III., Electrical Eng. Kittaning, Pa., Mechanical Eng. Burlington, Ioiua, Philosophy Washington, D> C., Mech. Eng. Norristoivn, Pa., Electrical Eng. New York City, Mechanical Eng. Cherry Creek, Letters Cuddcbackville, Civil Eng. Chaseville, Civil Eng. Little York. Electrical Eng. Utica. Electrical Eng. Auburn, Me., Athens, Pa., Albany, New Brighton, Electrical Eng. Civil Eng. Architecture Mechanical Eng. West Win field, Civil Eng. • Brooklyn, Architecture Brooklyn, Architecture Jamestown, Architecture New York City, Letters Erie, Pa., Electrical Eng. Nichols, Civil Eng. Little Rock, Ark., Mechanical Eng. Glen Cove, Mechanical Eng. Pittsburgh, Pa., Electrical Eng. St. Louis, Mo., Electrical Eng. Barton, Electrical Eng. Cincinnati, Ohio, Electrical Eng. Ovid, Letters New York City, Electrical Eng. Brooklynf Architecture 206 CA TAL OGUE OF STUDENTS. Salamanca, Letters Westboro, Mass., Chemistry Utica, Electrical Eng. Sanquoit, Electrical Eng. Greenport, Philosophy Buffalo, Mechanical Eng. Plymouth, Pa., Architecture New York City, Letters Fulton, Letters Unadilla, Arts Nezu Washington, Pa., Elec. Eng. East Otto, Arts Eagle Bridge, Electrical Eng. Cincinnati, O., Chemistry Machias, Me., Electrical Eng. Chicago, III., Mechanical Eng. Waterloo, Mechanical Eng. Cleveland, Ohio, Electrical Eng. Buffalo, Civil Eng. Rochester, Civil Eng. Syracuse, Mechanical Eng. Syracuse, Civil Eng. Bellona, Electrical Eng. Riegelsville, Architecture Colorado Springs, Col., Letters Jamestown, Philosophy Washington, Ont:, Mechanical Eng. West Rush, Electrical Eng. Sing Sing, Architecture Jamestown, Civil Eng. . Belfast, Me., Philosophy Canandaigua, Arts Fairmont, W. Va., Mech. Eng. Cleveland, Ohio, Electrical Eng. Hamilton, Canada, Electrical Eng. . New Milford, Pa., Architecture Lockport, Agriculture Bradford, Pa., Civil Eng. Chicago, III., Mechanical Eng. Lockport, Architecture Mayaguez, Porto Rico, Mech. Eng. Ithaca, Philosophy Fish, Charles Adelbert, Fisher, George Milton, Fisher, William George, Flint, Ralph Norton, Fordham, Herbert Latham, Freeman, Samuel Arthur, French, Harry Livingston, Freshman, Edward Arthur, Ftilford, Luella May, Fuller, Hurt Cornelius, Gallaher, Will Hallesen, Gampp, I)avi«l Jasper, Gay, Hiram Burton, Gibbs, Harry Drake, Gilson, Emery Graves, Goddard, Joseph Sterling, Godfrey, John Ilanes, Goldsmith, Edwin, Goodman, Robert Barber, Gordon, Fred Force, Green, Morris Miller, Green, Rutger Bleecker, Gregory. William Benjamin, Griffin, Marion Harwood, Ilagerman, Herbert James, Hall, James Parker, IIJJII, Thomas, Hamilton, James McMillan, Hapgood, William Henry, Harris, Charles Willis, Harris, Hannah Margaret, Hart, Frances Gertrude, Hartley, Carney, Hartnell, Stephen Elihu, Harvey, George Roy, Hawley, Carl Tracy, Hayward, Harry, Hazelton, Frank Purple, Healy, Raymond John, Helmer, Frederic Flagler, Hernandez, Rafael, Herson, Hannah Gertrude, FRESHMEN. Hickey, John, Auburn, 207 Mechanical Eng. Electrical Eng. Architecture Arts Higley, Seth Duane, Windsor, Ohio, Himrod, Hugh Carpenter, Brooklyn, Hoag, Nellie Elisabeth, Ithaca, Holden, Edgar Buckingham, Jr., Albany, Electrical Eng. Holloway, Carl Sheldon, New York City, Mechanical Eng. Holt, Charles Lorin, New York City, Electrical Eng. Hoppe, Marie Martha, Rochester, Arts Horner, Charles S, Cleveland, Ohio, Chemistry Horton, Prank, Winona, Minn., Letters Hoskius, Delos West, A urclius, Mechanical Eng. Howe, George, North Salon, Electrical Eng. Howerth, Joseph, //'aterloo, Arts Hoxsie, Burton K, Jr., Auburn, Philosophy Hoyt, Charles Seward, Jr., Canandaigua, Arts Hughes, David, Boo tie, England, Agriculture Hull, Howard Windson, Scran ton, Pa., Electrical Eng. Hunt, Sidney Eggleston, Guilford, Civil Eng. Hunt, William Floyd, West New Brighton, Mech. Eng. Ives, Robert F, Brooklyn, Medical Prep. Jenness, Jennie Maria, Brooklyn, Philor.ophy Johnson, Willis Grant, New Albany, Ohio, Science Kaveny, Thomas, Canandaigua, Electrical Eng. Kehler, Sherman Isaac, Liberty, Pa., Civil Eng. Kelsey, Thomas, Mecklenburgh, Mechanical Eng. Kendrick, John Ryland, Jr., Philadelphia, Pa., Letters King, Willis Eldredge, Ithaca, Medical Prep. Kinne, Elmer Frederic, Ovid, Mechanical Eng. Knowles, Charles P, Albany, Medical Prep. Knox, Herbert William, Knoxboro, Arts Knudson, John Charles, Lansingburgh, Philosophy Kranz, William George, Berlin, Canada, Mechanical Eng. Landfield, Jerome Barker, Binghamton, Arts Lanphear, Burton Smith, Carthage, Electrical Eng. Lamed, William Augustus, New York City, Mechanical Eng. Latbrop, John Kasson, Cortland, Arts Latting, Benjamin Franklin, Shortsville, Civil E n g Lee, Marguerite Thourou, Brooklyn, Letters Legg, William Fairfax, Ithaca, Mechanical Eng. Leite,Francisco Eusebiode Aquino, Trez-Ilhas, Minas, Brazil, M . E n g . Lewis, Frederic Worthington, Atlanta, Ga., Mechanical Eng. Lewis, Theodore Butcher, Philadelphia, Pa., Electrical E n g . 208 CA TAL OGUE OF STUDENTS. Lighty, William Henry, Mulberry, Pa., Civil Eng. Lindall, Grant, New Haven, Civil Eng. Lindsey, Leah Ella, Lockport, Arts Linke, J Ralph Audley, Troy, Electrical Eng. Littleton, Alexander Silliman, Hazelton, Pa., Mechanic Arts Lordly, Henry Robertson, St. John, N. B., Civil Eng. Louer, Lewis Stern, New Castle, Pa., Mechanical Eng. McAllister, Girard Lindsley, Rondout, Arts McConnell, Edward Denison, Chicago, III. Mechanical Eng. McConville, William Thomas, Jersey City, N. J., Medical Prep. McDermott, Jay l\ Fond du Lac, IVis., Letters McDonald, Clarence Alexander, Sherbrooke,Nova Scotia, Mech.Eng. McEwen, Kenneth Butts, Barnards, Mechanic Arts McFaddin, Harrison Dawson, East Orange, N.J., Civil Eng. McGuire, John James, Cicero, Arts McLaren, William Frederick, Hamilton, Canada, Electrical Eng. MacNider, Stanley Corwine, Hamilton, Canada, Mech. Eng. M tccaffeny, Woodruff Marburv, Tompkinsville, Architecture Macomber, Irving Emerson, Toledo, Ohio, Mechanical Eng. Mag >nigle, Percy Bertram, New York City, Electrical Eng. Maudelbaum, Cheri Abraham, Detroit, Mich., Architecture Manning, Samuel, Albany, Electrical Eng. Markham, Mary Catharine, Horseheads, Letters Marsh, Clarence Wallace, Saratoga, Civil Eng. Marshall, Jesse Burton, A llerfieny, Pa., Architecture Mason, Daniel Ambrose, East Gaines, Electrical Eng. Mason, Eugene George, Fredonia, Electrical Eng. Matlock, Rol>ert Cutter, Springfield, III., Electrical Eng. Matthiessen, Frederick William, Jr.,La Salle, III., Civil Eng. May, Walter Alfred, Allegheny, Pa. Electrical Eng. Mavliew, Robert, Saratoga Springs, Civil Eng. Mayo, Earl Williams, Springville, Arts Medden, Frederick John, Seneca Falls, Mechanical Eng. Meikle, John Hotson, Morrisburg, Ontario, Mech. Eng. Mendeuhall, Samuel Achilles, Bozeman, Mont., Mechanical Eng. Messer, Paul, Chicago, III., Mechanical Eng. Me teal f, William, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pa., Civil Eng. Miller, Emma Sophia, Columbus, Pa., Letters Milliken, Albert Evans, San Francisco, CalMech. Eng. Moody, Arthur Edson Blair, New Haven, Conn., Electrical Eng. Moore, Charles S, Moore's Station, Quebec, Agricul. Moore, Thomas Manger, Palmyra, Philosophy FRESHMEN. Morris, Windsor, Morrison, William, Mowrer, Frank Roger, Mullikin, Clark Wasgatt, Murray, Linwood Asa, Nevius, Joseph Nelson, Newman, Horace Bacon, Newton, Peter Augustin, Jr., Nicholls, Thomas Henry, Norton, Alfred Buckley, Ohlmeyer, Henry Charles, Orton, Albert Lossing, Osmond, Eloise Livermore, Palen, Fred Pomeroy, Palmer, Marshall Barker, Park, Robert Bruce, Park, William Osborne, Payne, Earl H, Payne, Olcott, Paz, Louis, 209 Baldwinsville, Mechanical Eng. Cincinnati, Ohio, Mechanical Eng. Xenia, Ohio, Electrical Eng. Cincinnati, Ohio, Mechanical Eng. Tottenville, Electrical Eng. South Orange, N /., Elec. Eng. Canandaigua, Medical Prep. Chicago, ///., Mechanical Eng. Dutch Flats, Cat., Electrical Eng. Syracuse, Electrical Eng. West Ifoboken, N.J., Mech. Eng. Electrical Eng. Ithaca, Arts Norwich, Mechanical Eng. Monticello, Civil Eng. Clinton, Civil Eng. Athens, /fr., Electrical Eng. Atchison, A'an., Rushvitle, Ind., Science Little Neck, Electrical Eng. Santa Barbara, Honduras, C. Eng. Ithaca, Agriculture Pearson, Raymond Allen, Windsor Locks, Conn., Philosophy Pease, Charles, Berlin, Conn., Civil Eng. Penfield, Walter Grant, Arts Churchville, Perry, Anna Louise, Bethel, Perry, Samuel B, Mechanical Eng. Cortland, Place, Arthur Harrington, Civil Eng. Wells Bridge, Potter, Howard Leon, Arts Nicholson, /fc., Pratt, Frank Everett, Civil Eng. Pittsburgh, Pa., Mechanical Eng. Preston, Charles Seymour, Albany, Pruyn, Francis Lansing, Electrical Eng. Slaterzille, Quick, Robert Winchell, Electrical Eng. J lralerloo, Reed, Addison Berton, Arts Alton, Reynolds, Ezra Pierce, Arts Am boy. III., Reynolds, William Grant, Mechanical Eng. Chicago, III., Mechanical Eng. Rich, Herbert Givens, Agriculture Richardson, Albert Goldwin George, Ithaca, Portsmouth, N. H., Civil Eng. Rider, Frederick Jackson, Nyack, Electrical Eng. Robbins, Nathaniel C, Denver, Col., Electrical Eng. Roberts, Edmund Wilson, Chittenango, Mechanical Eng. Robinson, Charles, San Francisco, Cal., Electrical Eng. Robinson, Lester Ludyah, Whitney's Point, Mechanical Eng. Rogers, Charles Edward, 14 212 CA TAL OGUE OF STUDENTS. Rogers, Thomas Chattle, Middle town, Arts Root, Francis Stanton, Port Byron, Civil Eng. Ros, Antonio Maximo, New Durham, N.J., Mech. Eng. Rosenstock, Edgar Horace, Petersburg, Va., Civil Eng. Rose water, Charles Colmau, Omaha, Neb., Philosophy Rosser, David, Kingston, Pa., Civil Eng. Royce, Charles Howard, Mongaup Valley, Agriculture Rulison, George Warren, Mohawk, Philosophy Rumsey, George Augustin, Jr., Salem, N.J., Electrical Eng. Russell, Howard, Albany, Science Saxton, Charles Bullock, Buffalo, Mechanical Eng. Schaefer, Cutlibert, Yazoo City, Miss., Mechanical Eng. Scliouton, Clara Esther, Brockport, Letters Scliroeder, William Emerson, Toledo, Ohio, Mechanical Eng. Scott, Quincy Adams, Pittsburgh, Pa., Mechanical Eng. Seyffert, Felipe Victor, Yoquivo, Chihuahua, Mexico,C.Eng. Shaffer, Von Collins, Huntington, Ind., Letters Siedentopf, William Frederick, Council Bluffs, Iowa, Science Simpson, Le Roy, Aurora, III., Electrical Eng. Simpson, Louis Wright, Portville, Mechanical Eng. Slater, Frederick Raymond, Washington, D. C., Electrical Eng. Sloan, Harry, Albany, Electrical Eng. Sloan, John Young, Buffalo, Electrical Eng. Smith, Cora Ermina, Ithaca, Science Smith, Edna Cuyler, Erie, Pa., Science Smith, Elma Jouett, Erie, Pa., Philosophy Smith, Floyd Kipp, Bayonne, N.J., Civil Eng. Smith, Harry James, Buffalo, Electrical Eng. Smith, William Griswold, Toledo, Ohio, Mechanical Eng. Snider, Otho Carleton, Cleveland, Ohio, Letters Sprague, Delos Everett, Penn Yan, Agriculture Springer, Harwood Henry, Chicago, III., Letters Stephens, John Buell, Fulton, Philosophy Stevenson, Harry Murray, South Kortright, Civil Eng. Stocking, Albert Henry, Freeport, III., Electrical Eng. Stoddard, John Milton, Horseheads, Philosophy Strong, Charles Henery, Jr., Cleveland, Ohio, Mechanical Eng. Sturges, Effingham Mackenzie, Zanesville, Ohio, Arts Taylor, William Arthur, Freeport, III., Electrical Eng. Terry, Robert James, St. Louis, Mo., Medical Prep. Thayer, John Carl, Leyden, Architecture Thompson, Arthur Bailey, Auburn, Civil Eng. 211 Tomliuson, Daniel West, Jr., Tompkins, John Stuart, Torrance, Stiles Albert, Torrance, William Martin, Towle, John Webster, Treat, Charles Henry, Trible, Walter Philip, Truby, Albert Ernest, Truby, Willard Frederick, Turner, George Edwin, Turner, John Booth, Valentine, Warren Russell, Van Deusen, Clinton Sheldon, Vanderbeek, Herbert, Wagner, George Francis, Warner, Edwin Henderson, Waters, William, Jr., Weber, Adna Ferrin, Webster, Guy, Weiler, Ferdinand Albert, Westervelt, John, Wheeler, Edward Mayland, Wheelock, Charles Austin, Wiegand, Karl McKay, Wilkin, Thomas John, Williams, Earnest Porte, Williams, Herbert Howard, Williams, Sophia Wells, Wilson, Leroy Merle, Winaus, Sarah Frances, Wines, Arthur Frederick, Wintermute, Peter, Wolcott, Henry George, * Bat a via, Mechanical Eng. Oneonta, Arts Gowanda, Philosophy Gowanda, Civil Eng. Falls City, Neb., Letters Weeping Water, Neb., Mech. Eng. Buffalo, Letters Otto, Agriculture Otto, Agriculture Lockport, Electrical Eng. Rouse's Point, Mechanical Eng. Ithaca, Mechanical Eng. Newark, Electrical Eng. New York City, Mechanical Eng. Denver, Col., Mechanical Eng. Nezu York Mills, Electrical Eng. Oshkosh, Wis., Architecture Oleatt, Philosophy Sparrow's Point, Md., Mech. Eng. Washington, D. C., Letters Ithaca, Architecture Trenton, Architecture Moscow, Arts Truxton, Chemistry Elmira, Mechanical Eng. Beliefontaine, Ohio, Arts Ithaca, Electrical Eng. Aubumdale, Mass., Arts Neiuton, N.J., Electrical Eng. Schenectady, Arts Springfield, III., Mechanical Eng. Horseheads, Electrical Eng. Pike, Letters Campbell, Letters Wood, Francis Edward, Westbury, Electrical Eng. Wood, George Green, Philadelphia, Pa., Electrical Eng. Wood, George Whitney, Batavia, Arts Wood, Robert Edward, Jamestown, Arts Woodford, Katherine G, Woodworth, Benjamin Studley, Fort Wayne, Ind., Electrical Eng. New York City, Mechanical Eng. Wray, Burt Gillender, Elmira, Mechanical Eng. Wyckoff, Arcalous Welling, Olean, Arts Yard, James Buoy, # 212 CA TAL OGUE OF STUDENTS. Panama, South America, Mech. E. Williamsport, /fc., Architecture Auburn, Mechanical Eng. STUDENTS. Ycaza, Oswaldo A, Young, John Paul, Young, Walter Douglas, OPTIONAL Briggs, Lulu May, Brock, Bertha Marion, Conger, Cora May Dimmick, Kenton Holt Earll, Carrie May, Freeman, Lewis Castle, Freeman, William Eugene, •Griswold, Morgan Billings, Hamilton, Francis James, James, Frederick William, Korts, Ina Belle Philadelphia, /fc. Buffalo Springville Savona Syracuse Albany Masonville Whitehall West Rush Whitesboro Ithaca Laugtou, James A McNcal, Alfred Francis Mahley, Jesse Wilber Mayer, Joseph George, Pawling, Jesse, Jr., A.B Ryan, Edwin Col burn Sheldon, Francis Theodocia Sherwood, Jonathan William Slater, Samuel Scott Southworth, John Howard, Terry, Albert Todd Thompson, Isaac Collin, Van Buren, James Henry, Varick, William Remsen, Webster, Charles Able, White, William Cravath, Young, Edwin Parson, SPECIAL Aguilar, Ramon B, Berkefeld, Alice Louise, Berry, Albert Hutchinson, Brown, Emerson Grant, Burtner, Emma F, Card, Fred Wallace, STUDENTS. New York City, Smithjield, Utah Marion, Ohio Edinburgh Ind. New York City Overbrook, Pa. Chicago, III. Martinsburg Suffern New York City Ithaca St. Louis, Mo. Edinburgh Ind. Dunkirk Albany Warsaw Fredonia Williamsport, Pa. Agriculture Latin Agriculture Agriculture Latin Agriculture Brooklyn, Wilhelm, Stephentown, Germ antown, Ohio, Sylvania, Pa.f SPECIAL Christie, William Wallace, Clark, Raymond, • STUDENTS. Palerson, N.J, Brooklyn, 213 Mechanical Eng. Chemistry and Microscopy Cushing, Harry Cooke, Jr., Dickinson, David Knox, Donovan, John Thomas, Duffey, James Calvin, B.S., Earll, Effie Brown, Fay, Irving Patten, Ford, Fred Ernest, Foster, Albert Woolson, French, Charlotte Catharine, Garney, James W, Jr., Gibbs, Kate Fraticesca, Gibbs, Lucius Tuckerman, Green, Carl Melville, Gridley, George Louis, Harris, Albert Louis, Hazeltine, Ray Thomas, Heath, Homer Jay, Kane, Thomas Francis, Katsumata, Tosaku, Kerr, William Jasper, Love, Frank William, McCaffrey, Kate, McLauchlin, Emma Christine, Mack, Mary Clarissa, Marsh, Florence Lillian, Martin, Harry Delos, Miller, Katharine Moncrief, Morrissey, Katherine Virginia, Morse, Albert P, Myrick, Harriette Augusta, Newberry, John Stoughton, Norris, Henry McCoy, Oliveira, Helcias de, Osincup, Frank Ashbury, Peirson, Albert Henry, Pettit, Rufus Hiram, Riemann, Gertrude Anna, Newport, R. /., Electrical Eng. Honey Brook, Pa., Agriculture Springfield, Mass., Mechanic Arts Diamond Springs, Mich., Agriculture Mottville, Agriculture New York City, English Literature Elba, Agriculture Cape May, X. J. Electrical Eng. Philadelphia. Pa., English and Ilist. Scran ton, Pa., Chemistry aud Microscopy Westfield, Mass., Mathematics Milwaukee, Wis., Electrical Eng. A'irksville, Mo., Mechanical Eng. Mycenae, Agriculture Washington, D. C., Industrial Art Jamestown, Agriculture Rodman, Agriculture Ithaca, History A ich i, Japa n, Chemistry Logan, Utah, Mathematics Buffalo, Chemistry Amsterdam, English Literature A m stcrda m, Linden, N.J., Groton, Ithaca, E n gl i sh Latin German Agriculture New York City, Mathematics State Centre, Iowa, History Welleslcy, Mass., Entomology Clinton, English Detroit, Mich., Mechanic Arts Trenton, N.J., Mechanical Eng. Rio Janeiio, Brazil, Agriculture Vestal Centre, Medical Prep. Waterloo, Agriculture Baldwinsville, Agriculture Albany, English Literature 214 CA TAL OGUE OF STUDENTS. Charleston, 5". C.t Mechanic Arts Fulton, English Literature Rose, Alexander, Royce, Ellen Mathilde, Rugg, Walter S, B.S., Sal ant, William, Sands, Harry Senseney, Smith, Asa Harmon, Strong, Howard Phelps, Swanick, Annie Veronica, Tod, John, Watts, Marie Louise, Wrood, Daniel Return, Woodruff, William Hazlett, Eldorado, Kan., New York City, Fairmount, Ithaca, Sa ratoga, Electrical Eng. Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture English W. Va.t Mechanic Arts Manchester Centre, Youngstown, Ohio, Newark, N. J., Chemistry Agriculture Geology English Literature Markhams, Auburn, STUDENTS IN THE SCHOOL OF LAW. GRADUATES. Baker, George Comstock, LL.B., (Union University), . . Comstocks Benton, Prank Ranson, LL.B., Ithaca Burnett, Archie Collamer, LL.B., Ithaca Coville, Charles Ralph, L L . B Central Square Cumming, Robert Cushing, L L . B Fredo?iia Kambe, Kiichiro, LL.B., (University of Michigan), . . Tokio, Japan Lee, Ervin Delosse, LL.B., Rome Ryan, Charles Patrick, LL.B., Whitehall Takemura, Matsugu, LL.B., Tokio, Japan SENIORS. > • Bagley, Frederick Goodrich, Banies, Albert Sullard, Boweu, Jesse Page, Cole, Alvarado Brown, vCooke, Walter Piatt, Doolittle, William Gregg, Freehold Franklin Le Roy Denver, Col. Buffalo Washington, D. C. Doudna, Frank B, Dowling, Edward Charles, .Emerson, George Hale, Fancher, Leon Livermore, Flaherty, James, Quaker City, Ohio Munich, Brooklyn Germany Nashville Prattsburg STUDENTS Flannery, Martin Joseph, IN THE SCHOOL OF LA W. 215 Towanda, Pa. Frenkel, Charles, B.Lit., (University of Texas), . . Galveston, Texas Gardner, Frank Gleason, Penn Van Gibbs, Merton Stanley, Pike Gorham, John Milton, Canajoharie Gould, Ernst Grove, Hargreaves, Fred Wells, B.L., Hubbs, Irving G, Johnson, Frank, Johnson, Peter Schermerhorn, Lattin, Charles Sumner, Lincoln, Spencer Francis, Loewenthal, Julius William, Seneca Falls Wappingefs Falls Pulaski Havana Bolivar Millport Naples Chicago, III. McFarland, Frank, B.L Buffalo Marquis, Frank P Cambridge, Ohio Maynard, Reuben Leslie, A . B . , (Hamilton College), Ultra Munson, Harlan Lawrence, Westfield O'Malley, Edward Richard, Barkers Parker, Clarence Gray Moravia Parshall, Charles Henry, A.B. Cooperstown Pool, James Henry, De Ruyter Record, Byron Frank Smith's Mills Saunders, Henry Burr, Scovell, Josiah Boardman Seymour, Carl Jay, Stephens, Fred Kingsbury, Stillman, Alphonso Derwin Struble. Clinton Backus Sullivan, Thomas Allen Joseph, Thistlethwait, Joe Lavet Westbrook, Alfred B White, Hubert Lawrence, Whitney, Fred Moore, Wilkinson, Albert Thomas, . Williams, Howell Charles, Wittenberg, Albert Mack, Woodward, Henry Lake, JUNIORS. Albro, Henry Florence, Woodsburgh • Hamburg Lewiston Westfield Sheshequin, Pa. Pendleton, Ore. Penn Van Fishers Macedon Kingston Utica Bethel, Conn. Lee Centre Palmyra Elmira Athens, Ohio Allison, William, Bell, James Donald, B.L Salt Lake City, Utah Hillsdale 216 CATALOGUE OF STUDENTS. Plattsburgh Bennington, Vt. Barnes Corners Elmira Ithaca Belen, New Mexico Gowanda Cotton Kingston Chatham Chatham Le Raysville, Pa. Ottawa, Kansas Forestport Cortland Era, Idaho Pittsburgh, Pa. Rochester Mycenae Pike Benedict, Truman Leonard, Blackmer, Samuel Huling Bowman, Frank, Brooks, Edward Anderson, Brown, Minor Harlan Chaves, Jos£ Edward, Cole, Vernon, Corcoran, John Bernard, Crouch, Leonard Callender, Ph.B Daley, William Bailey Dardess, John Connelly Davies, Llewellyn, De Ford, William Allan Denton, Elmer Alonzo Dowd, Thomas Harry Duniway, Ralph Roelfsou Fulton, Thomas Cooper Gordon, Henrv Irving, Grid ley, Willi's Timothy Griffith, Ellis Albert Iialladay, Sylvester Charles, Three Mile Bay Hartley, Edwin Forest Fairmont, W. Va. Has Brouck, Howard, B.L., New Paltz Hisey, William Newell, Los Angeles, Cal. Jenney, William Sherman, A.B., (College of New Jersey), . Syracuse Johanson, Carl Magnus, A.B., (Williams Coll.), Colorado Springs, Col. Kelly, Sidney Jay Fulton Kenefick, Richard Farrell Rome Lang, Louis Philip, Syracuse Le Boeuf, Randall James, Albany Lloyd, Benjamin Thomas Lonergan, Richard Thomas McCelvey, George Edgar, McCormick, Robert Charles, McLindon, Charles Francis, Menken, Solomon Stanwood, B.L., Middaugh, Ray E, Monroe, Charles Wilbur Moran, Daniel Webster, Morse, Clarence W, Mould, Stephen Hyatt, B.L., Nail, George Arthur, Salt Lake City, Utah Elmira Temple, Texas Milton, Pa. Schuylerville New York City Portville Waterville Seneca Falls Bath, Me. Newburgh Brooklyn SUMMARIES. O'Connor, Michael Joseph, Patterson, Arthur Grant, Perkins, Harry Kieth, Ried, Rollin H 217 Holyoke, jfl/ass. Walton Bridge-water, Mass. Ithaca Richards, Joseph T, Richey, George D, Smith, Clarence Grant Tangier, Smythe, Hugh Clayton Taylor, Einile George, Taylor, Harry Leonard, A.B., Taylor, Joseph William, Trax, Judson D, Tuttle, Daniel Sanford Walter, Guy Thornton, Watkins, Thomas David, Wilcox, George Burton, Salt Lake City, Utah Rexville Brook Haven West Pittslon, Pa. Ozvego Ithaca Schoharie . . Oil City, Pa. Wat kins Edinburgh, Pa. West Winficld Wellsvilie SUMMARIES. S U M M A R Y BY C L A S S E S . Graduates, Seniors, Juniors, Sophomores, Freshmen, Special Students, Students in the School of Law : Graduates, Seniors Juniors, 98 158 245 322 374 57 9 48 61 1372 Names repeated, Total in the University, 25 1347 218 SUMMARIES. S U M M A R Y O F COURSES. [UNDERGRADUATES.] Juniors. 28 20 23 13 8 4 3 34 48 48 Sophomores. 43 16 33 16 3 19 10 32 56 66 3 25 Freshmen. Total. 124 34 76 23 101 23 7 11 22 6 50 79 82 2 7 28 49 3i 5i 22 136 211 211 2 10 75 Arts, Philosophy, Letters, Seniors. . . 19 . . 17 • 13 • 9 . 6 • 3 Science, • Agriculture, • . Architecture Chemistry, • Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, . . . Mechanical Engineering, . . • . Mechanic Arts, Medical Preparatory, . . . . Optional, . . 28 • 15 . . — . 6 16 . — S U M M A R Y BY R E S I D E N C E S . New York Pennsylvania Ohio Illinois Massachusetts, New Jersey District of Columbia Indiana, Iowa, Wisconsin, Missouri, Connecticut Michigan, Rhode Island, Kansas, Maryland, California, Colorado, Maine, Minnesota, South Carolina Utah, Texas. Virginia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Nebraska, Total, 790 New Hampshire, . 101 West Virginia, . . 73 Arkansas, 64 Idaho, 37 North Carolina, . . 29 Oregon 23 Vermont, 15 Delaware, 14 Florida 14 Georgia, . . . . . 13 Mississippi, . . . . 12 Montana, 10 New Mexico, . . . 10 South Dakota, : . . 7 Canada, 7 Japan, 6 Porto Rico, . . . . 6 Brazil, 6 England, . . . . 6 Honduras,. . . . 6 Russia 5 U. S. of Columbia, 4 Germany, . . . . 4 Hawaiian Islands, 3 Mexico, 3 Nicaragua, . . . 3 I THE TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT. JUNE 19, 1890. DEGREES CONFERRED. FIRST DEGREES. OF ARTS. BACHELORS Adelaide "Eunice Benham, Emma Louise Berry, Mabel Preston Brown, Francis Cary Caldwell, William Mathers Chamberlain, John Pitt Deane, Charles Henry Deuchler, Lottie Irene Earll, Fred William Ely, ' Edwin Emerson, John Ford, Emma Large Gilbert, Edwin Milton Griffin, Leland Leroy Landers, Henrietta Emma Miller, Frank Dean Patterson, Kennedy Furlong Rubert, Frank Downing Russell, Thomas Bray Spence, George Ray Wicker. PHILOSOPHY. BACHELORS OF Herbert Luther Barker, Calvin William Bartlett, John Wilson Battin, Francis Hiraui Callau, George Flavel Dan forth, Henry Morris Eaton, Joseph William Ellis, Colin Bell Gilchrist, Henry Carpenter Gray, Percy Hagerman, Anna Helene Palmi6, Charles Henry Walker. SCIENCE.) (IN H I S T O R Y A N D P O L I T I C A L Willet Lyon Ward. BACHELORS OF LETTERS. Frank Addison Abbott, Homer Allan Anderson, Junius Theodore Auerbach, Ella Teresa Barrett, Justin Samuel Gal land, James Maurice Gorman, William Hagerman Graves, Howard HasBrouck, 220 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT. James Donald Bell, George Alanson Blauvelt, Jacob Brasser, Frank Elbert Brooks, Edmund Fowler Brown, Roscoe Litchfield Carle, Charles Curtis Cliillingworth, Charles Chauveau Cook, Arthur II Crist, Robert Jacob Day, Louis Carl Ehle, Ernest Frederick Eidlitz, Edith Anna Ellis, Frederick George Fisher, Louis Hutchinson Galbreath, Byron Webber Holt, Frank Leigh Hume, Muneyuki Ibaraki, Willard Cartwright Jackson* William Stanley Lamont, Solomon Stanwood Menken, Anson Clarence Morgan, Stephen Hyatt Mould, Cyrus Story Palmer, Clarence John Shearn, Reuben Oliver Smith, Robert Eldredge Sternberg, Mary Donna Stewart, Richard Wagner, Harriet Elizabeth Warner, Justin Du Pratt White. SCIENCE. BACHELORS OF Charles Talcott Brace, Tracy Earl Clark, Jane Eleanor Datcher, Pierre Augustine Fish, ' Frank Leslie Frost, Nelson Howard Getiung, Ida May Hill, Frederic Lawrence Kortright, Charles Joseph Ling, (IN Jennie Tifft Martin, Charles J Miller, William Henry Morrison, Henry Hendricks Nathan, Agnes Lillie Pearson, Rosina Olive Phillips, Joseph Harrison Root, Milton Tibbits Royce, Mason Blanchard Thomas. AGRICULTURE.) Newton David Chapman, Harold Newton Reid, Lee Cleveland Corbett, Jomes Edward Rice, John Randolph Lochary, William Webster Root, Louis Grant Thatcher. (IN ARCHITECTURE.) , Charles Hay Bernheisel, Edwin Henry Hulbert, Frank Horton Brown, Edwin Augustus May, Clement Benjamin Brun, Floyd Lucien Robinson, George Willard Conable, Charles Goodwin Sands, Clarence Ephraim Dobbin, Frederick Farley Sewall, Alexander Chadbourne Eschweiler, George Francis Seymour, Edward Thomas Fallows, William Adam Stevens, Arthur Norman Gibb, Herman Frederick Stuhr, William Tecumseh Sherman Hoyt, Alexander Buel Trowbridge, Henry Wilhelm Wilkinson. 1 w&lsl L UIVU ^fiWV U/iJL L UMMJblWL Z i M t . N 1. (IN CHEMISTRY.) 221 William Mitchell Irish, Jr., CIVIL Stewart Woodford Young. ENGINEERS. Nelson Seymour Crouch, Joseph Haiues Dickinson, Franklin Marcus Grant Dodd, Albert Edward Duckham, William Jackson, B.S., Herbert Henry Landers, Gustav Frederic Roess, John Franklin Skinner, Clinton Brown Stewart, Bunzo Sugi, William Twining, Thomas McEldenv Vickers, Joel Edward Wadsworth, Robert Bruce Wilcox, Frederick Kelly Wing. ENGINEERS. MECHANICAL Louis Lees Bentley, Ernest Spencer Bowen, Paul Mellen Chamberlain, B.S., Fred Andrew Crossman, William Dal ton, Francis Daniel Davis, John Jackson Ewing, Elbert Curtiss Fisher, Ferd Guy Gasche, Victor Ignatius Habn, Benjamin Marvin Harris, Charles Louis Heisler, George Cleveland Hicks, Jr., (IN E L E C T R I C A L Wilson Freeman Higgins, Embury Asbury Hitchcock, Edwin Curtis Knapp, Charles Philip Miller, William Stanton Monroe, William Dve Mount, Harry Trevenen Shick, Louis Lincoln Smith, Henry King Spencer, Ernest August Stege, Guy Harold Thayer, Daniel Upton, 1 William Reuben Webster, Jr. ENGINEERING.) George Hall Ashley, Henry Primm Broughton, Percy Alfred Clisdell, Hayward Cochrane, Joseph Walker Cowles, Samuel B Fortenbaugh, Frank Fairfield Goodwin, John Eckert Greenawalt, Louis Watres Healy, Arthur Hobart Herschel, Sherwood Johnston Larned, Max Levy, Julius Smith Loomis, William Henry Powell, , Joseph Cowan Ram age, Eugene Aertsin Rumsey, Harland Aaron Sawyer, Eugene Charles Sickles, William Nelson Smith, Olin Ames Stranahan, Milton Ellsworth Thompson, Howard Ford Thurber, William Boardman Tobey, George Hicks Walbridge, Edward Hardenbergh Waldo, A.B., John Ackroyd West, Jr., Ed Adam Wilhelm, Philip Bell Woodworth, B.S. 222 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL LAW. COMMENCEMENT i BACHELORS OF William Edmund Beloate, Frank Ransom Benton, Charles Hazen Blood, Ph.B., Archie Collamer Burnett, Lewis Daniel Campbell, George David Chapman, Charles Ralph Coville, Harry Clayton Davis, William Joseph Delaney, George Meade Emory, G Washington Fields, Walter Jones Hamilton, Ph.B., Charles Frank Hammond, Ervin Delosse Lee, John Guy McDowell, John Tracy Morrison, A.B., Daniel Vincent Murphy, Gitaro Narukawa, George Washington O'Brien, James A Parsons, Henry Valentine Pratt, John Campbell Rice, A.B., Charles Patrick Ryan, John Lock wood Seager, Burt Alonzo Smith, George Dallas Stanton, Jr., Robert Gray Strong, Matsugu Takemura, Ira Thomas, Charles Henry Wells, John Walter Wells, Eugene McLachlan White. CHEMISTS. PHARMACEUTICAL Fred Barrett Ludlow, ADVANCED Roscoe Conkling Wilson. DEGREES. ARTS. % MASTERS OF Walter Cochrane Brouson, A.B., Edward Leroy Brown, A.B., Mabel Augusta Chase, A.B., Rosamond Almeda Field, A.B., MASTER OF Archibald Angus Freeman, A.B., Calvin Humphrey, A.B., Burton Evans Moore, A.B., Phebe Temperance Sutliff, A.B. PHILOSOPHY. Walter Jones Hamilton, Ph.B. MASTERS OF SCIENCE. Nathan Banks, B.S., William Grant Goodwin, B.L., Emma Neal Bassett, Ph.B., Jenny Kirk Howell, Ph.B., Moses Craig, B.S., Yataro Mishima, B.S., Frederick Victor Moss, A.B. MASTER OF CIVIL ENGINEERING. Ernest Martin Holbrook, C.E. MASTERS OF M E C H A N I C A L ENGINEERING. George Ira Alden, B.S., Arthur Bernard Levy, B.S., Wm. Wilberforce Churchill, M.E., Louis Benedict Marks, B.S., M.E., John Joseph Flather, Ph.B., Arthur Tannatt Woods. TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL •MASTERS OF COMMENCEMENT LAW. 223 Edward Cornell, Lk.B., Myron McKee Crandall, LL.B., Masayasn Narus£, LL.B., Ossian Gregory Noble, LL.B., t DOCTORS OF Owen Lincoln Potter, LL.B., Monroe Marsh Sweetland, A.B., LL.B., Frank Edgar Thomas, LL.B. PHILOSOPHY. Orrin Leslie Elliott. Ph.B., Herbert Elmer Mills, A.M. PRIZES AWARDED. The Sibley Prizes in Mechanic Arts : 1st Prize H E R B E R T W A D E H I B B A R D , A.B. 2d Prize, JAMES EDWARD KRESS. 3d Prize, NORMAN FRANK BALLANTYNE. 4th Prize, ROSWEI.L C A R T E R W I L L I A M S , JR. 5th Prize, O R E N GIBSON H E I L M A N . The Prize offered by the New Shakspere Society of London : WALTER C O C H R A N E BRONSON, A.B. The Mrs. A. S. Barnes Shakespeare Prize : WALTER C O C H R A N E BRONSON, A . B . The Eighty-Six Memorial Prize in Declamation : W I L L A R D H E N R Y AUSTIN Thesis Prizes in the School of Law : 1st Prize JOHN T R A C Y MORRISON, A . B . 2d Prize, C H A R L E S H A Z E N BLOOD, P h . B . 3d Prize, W A L T E R JONES H A M I L T O N , P h . B . The Woodford Prize in Oratory : FRANK ADDISON ABBOTT CERTIFICATES AWARDED. Certificates for the Medical Preparatory Course : HERBERT LUTHER TRACY EARL BARKER, FRANK PIERRE MURRAY DINSMOOR, F.SH, CHARLES TALCOTT BRACE, CLARK, CHARLES AUGUSTINE SUSAN C A R O L I N E STRONG, A . B . , HENRY WALKER. Teachers' Certificates : JUNIUS T H E O D O R E A U E R B A C H , JANE ELEANOR DATCHER, German Botany Philosophy History Louis HUTCHINSON GALBREATH, WiLLET L Y O N W A R D , 224 TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT Certificates for Proficiency in Military Science.: HOMER FRANK FRANK TRACY ALLAN ELBERT HORTON EARL ANDERSON, BROOKS, BROWN, CALDWELL, FRANK LESLIE FROST, MOULD, RICE, SKINNER, WILLIAM HAGERMAN GRAVES, STEPHEN HYATT JAMES E D W A R D JOHN F R A N K L I N BUEL TROWBRIDGE. FRANCIS CARY CLARK, ALEXANDER HONOR USTS. T H E S E S OF DISTINGUISHED % EXCELLENCE. HOMER ALLAN ANDERSON : The Satire in Lis Prkcieuses Ridicules ami Les Femmes Savantes, as far as it concerns the habituis of the H6tel de Rambouillet. E M M A LOUISE B E R R Y : GEORGE ALANSON A Ninth Century Experiment in Co-education. First State Constitution of Pennsyl- BI.AUVICLT: vania. ERNEST SPENCER BOWEN : Design and Construction of a Frictiouless The Romanesque in the South of France. A Automatic Engine Governor. C L E M E N T BENJAMIN BRUN : FRANCIS CARY CALDWELL: Study of the Alternating Arc between a Ball aud Point. FRANCIS IIIRAM CAI.LAN : PAUL MELLEN The Decline of American Shipping. Losses of Heat in the Steam Cylinder CHAMBERLAIN : and their Amelioration. NEWTON The Structural, Chemical, and Physiological Characteristics of Tough and Tender Meat. DAVID CHAPMAN : EARL CLARK : TRACY The Insula. English Evolutionary Ethics. Rootings of Cuttings. Test of an Electric Street Railway Plant Problem in Pedagogics. CHARLES LEE CHAL VEAU COOK : CLEVELAND CORBETT : COWLES : JOSEPH W A L K E R at Scranton, Pa. GEORGE JANE F L A V E L D A N FORTH : A DATCHER : A ELEANOR Biological Sketch of Hepatica Triloba Chaix and Hepatica Acutiloba, D. C. R O B E R T JACOB D A Y : The Regicides, Whalley and Goffe, with special reference to their Life and Adventures in America. PITT DEANE : JOHN Certain Uses of the Modes in Terence, a Discussion of the Indicative Deliberative Question. TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT. 225 14 Louis C A R L E H L E : Charles Kingsley as a Novelist. : The Sophists. EDWIN EMERSON ALEXANDER : A Comparative Study of the English and Polottcean Roof-Trusses. CHADBOURNE ESCHWEILKR P I E R R E AUGUSTINE F I S H E L B E R T CURTISS F I S H E R JOHN F O R D : The Anatomy of the Olfactory Lobe. : Chimney Draughts. : Protection as Applied to American Shipping. Efficiency of Steam Pumping. : The Electro-Chemical Equivalent of FERD GUY GASCHE: NELSON HOWARD GENUNG Silver. ARTHUR NORMAN GUM : The Library Building of the Cornell UniParataxis in Terence. T h e S o c i a l R e f o r m s of R o b e r t O w e n . Intoler- versity. EMMA L A R G E G I L B E R T : COLIN B E L L G I L C H R I S T : JAMKS M A U R I C E G O R M A N : The Chancellor L'Hopital and ance in France in the Sixteenth Century. Portrayed Voiture. by PERCY H A G E R M A N : French Societv in the Seventeenth Centurv, as the Letters of Yoiture, with a short Life of : The Historical Development of the American : The Test of an Electric Street Railway Plant : Calorimetry as Applied in Testing Boilers. Calorimetry as Applied in Testing HOWARD HASBROUCK Civil Service. LOUIS W A T R E S I L E A L Y at Scrauton, Pa. C H A R L E S LOUIS H E I S L E R G E O R G E C L E V E L A N D H I C K S , JR.: Boilers. IDA M A Y H I L L : Study of the Incandescent Mantle Gas-Burner. : The Monetary System of Japan. I R I S H , JR.: MUNEYUKI IBARAKI WILLIAM MITCHELL The Oxidation of Some Compounds by means of Hydrogen Peroxide. Organic FREDERIC LAWRENCE KORTRIGHT : The Decomposition of some of the Diazo Compounds of Naphthalene by Alcohol. : The Economic Aspects of Education. : Review of the Court Street Bridge over WILLIAM STANLEY LAMONT HERBERT H E N R Y LANDERS Chenango River, at Binghamton, N. Y . C H A R L E S JOSEPH L I N G : Life and Duratiou of Incandescent Lamps. 226 TWENTY-SECOND JOHN RANDOLPH LOCHARY SOLOMON ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT. : Methods of Herbaceous Grafting. : Congressional Caucusses held to Nominate Presidential Candidates. STANWOOD M E N K E N CHARLES J MILLER : Tariff, Taxes, and the American Farmer. : Chimney Draughts. : The Adirondacks a Study in Eco- WILLIAM STANTON MONROE HENRY HENDJUCKS N A T H A N nomic Forestry. ANNA HELENE PALMI£: AGNES LILLIE PEARSON The Fringes of Shadows. : Voiture and French Society in the Seven$ teeuth Century. ROSINA O L I V E PHILLIPS ; The Transformations of Simulium innoxThe Efficiency of Transformers. ium, new species. WILLIAM HENRY POWELL; JAMES EDWARD RICE : The Flesh of the Domestic Fowl as affected by Nitrogenous aud Carbonaceous Rations. : The Picturesque in Architecture. F L O Y D LUCIEN ROBINSON KENNEDY FURLONG Correction and Completion of the Attic Forms iu our Common School Greek Grammars. RUBERT : A FRANK : The Development of Natural History Education in the United States. DOWNING RUSSELL FARLEY SEWALL FREDERICK : The Smaller Gothic Churches of England. C L A R E N C E JOHN S H E A R N REUBEN OLIVER SMITH WILLIAM NELSON : A Century of American Journalism. : The Educational Ideas of Herbert Spencer. : Electrical Motive Power on Elevated Railways, and its Practical Application in Chicago. SMITH THOMAS BRAY SPENCE : A Comparison of the External and Middle : Design and Construction of High MaStudy of Power Distribution. : Investigation of Stanley Alternate Ear of Man and the C a t CLINTON BROWN S T E W A R T sonry Dams. OLIN AMES STRANAHAN : A WILLIAM BOARDMAN TOBEY Current Arc Dynamo. THOMAS MCELDENY VICKERS: The Gunpowder Water Supply of Baltimore, Md. TWENTY-SECOND JOEL EDWARD ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT. 227 Highway WADSWORTH : Review of the Gowanda Bridge. GEORGE HICKS WALBRIDGE : Investigation of Stanley Alternate CurA rent Arc Dynamo. EDWARD HARDENBERGH WALDO, A . B . : Proposed Power Plant for English Cornell University. HARRIET ELIZABETH WARNER : A Study of the Middle Poem called the Pearl. STEWART WOODFORD Study of the Products of the Reaction between Concentrated Sulphuric Acid aud Acetone. YOUNG : A IN T H E S C H O O L O F L A W . C H A R L E S H A Z E N BLOOD, Ph.B.: The P o w e r of Congress to Regulate P h . B . : T h e Delivery of Deeds. The Liability of Telegraph Com- Commerce. WALTER JONES HAMILTON, JOHN T R A C Y MORRISON, A.B.: panies. JAMES A : Constructive Notice and its Effect 011 Conveyances of Real Estate. PARSONS HENRY VALENTINE PRATT : Holders for Value of Commercial Paper. The Law of License. JOHN C A M P B E L L R I C E , A . B . : CHARLES PATRICK R Y A N : The Property kights of Married Women, with Special Reference to the Law of New York. : Homicide as a Tort. : Debtors* Relief Laws. MENTION. JOHN L O C K W O O D SEAGICR ROBERT G R A Y STRONG SPECIAL (Awarded for special study in particular lines during thelast two years of the course.) JAMES DONALD BELL, EMMA LOUISE B E R R Y , GEORGE ALANSON BLAUVELT, CHARLES CURTIS CHILLINGWORTH, DEANE JANE ELEANOR DATCHER, JOHN P I T T FRED WILLIAM History History History History Botany Latin Latin Philosophy Latin ELY, Louis H U T C H I N S O N G A L B R E A T H , EMMA LARGE GILBERT, 228 TWENTY-SECOND JAMBS MAURICE GORMAN, WILLIAM ANNA HENRY ANNUAL . . . . . . COMMENCEMENT. . . . . History . . . Chemistry . . , Chemistry . . Mathematics . . Mathematics Latin and Greek . . . . History DEGREES. FREDERIC L A W R E N C E KORTRIGHT, MORRISON, . HELENE PALMIE, . . JOSEPH H A R R I S O N R O O T , K E N N E D Y FURLONG RUBERT, . RICHARD WAGNER TH ICS ICS O F C A N D I D A T E S F O R A D V A N C E D GEORGE IRA ALDEN, U.S.: A Method of Diminishing Cylinder Condensation in the Steam Engine, including Experiments and Tests with an Engine of Special Design. U.S.: The Spider Fauna of the Upper Cayuga Lake Ph.B.: Woman in Mediaeval England. BR«>NS.>N, N A T H A N HANKS. Basin. E M M A NEAT. BASSETT, WALTER C K H R W E Shakespeare's Treatment of the Story « f Trolius and Cressida compared with Chaucer and > Drvden's Treatment of the same. » A.B : E D W A R D LEROY BROWN, A . B . : MAIIEI. AUGUSTA C H A S E , A . B . : Gamma-Functions. The Fundamental Color Curves of the Human Eve. m WILLIAM WII.BERFORCE CHURCHILL, M.E.: Condensation in the MOSES C R A I G , Cylinder of the Steam Engine. B.S.: A Critical Review of the Genus Aecidiurn. Ph.B.: The Tariff Controversy in the United States from 17S9 to 1833. ALMEDA FIELD, ORRIN LESLIE ELLIOTT, ROSAMOND A.B.: The Government of the Confederate States, its Constitution and Practical Workings. Ph.B.: The Measurement of Power. A.B.: The Territorial Acquisitions of JOHN JOSEPH F L A T H E R , ARCHIBALD ANGUS F R E E M A N , the United States. WILLIAM B.L.: Friedrich Spee: a Biographical Sketch, with an Account of His Literary Activity. G R A N T GOODWIN, E R N E S T M A R T I N HOLBROOK, C.E.: Experimental Researches in Hy- draulics. JENNY KIRK HOWELL, CALVIN HUMPHREY, Ph.B.: Life History of Uromyces Trifolii. A.B.: A Study of the Magnetization of Pow- dered Iron in connection with the Alternate Current Transformer. TWENTY-SECOND ARTHUR BERNARD L E V Y , ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT 229 B.S.: Arc-Light Carbons. The Effects of Heating the Louis B E N E D I C T M A R K S , B.S., M . K . : Core of the Converter. HERBERT ELMER MILLS, A . M . : The Eirlv Hays of the French Revo, lution in San Domingo. Y A T A R O MISHIMA, B.S : The Characters and Transformations of an Undescribed Coecid Injurious to Palms. EVANS MOORE, BURTON A.B : The Influence of Age upon Incandes- cent Lamps. FREDERIC VICTOR A.B. The Measure of the Temperature of Incandescence bv m e a n s of the Distribution of Energy iu t h e Spectrum. MOSS, P H E B E T E M P E R A N C E S I T L I K F ,f A ll.: The Historv of Reconstruction * during President Grant's Two Terms. 1869-1S77. A R T H U R T A N N A I T \VOOI>S : The Prevention of Smoke. / ASSOCIATE ALUMNI. By the charter of the University the graduates are entitled to elect one of the Board of Trustees each year. At a meeting called for the purpose, and held on Wednesday, June 26, 1872, the day preceding the Annual Commencement, representatives of all the classes that had graduated being present, the following organization was effected : ARTICLES OF A S S O C I A T I O N A S A D O P T E D J U N E 26, 1872, AND AFTERWARDS AMENDED. I. The Alumni of Cornell University hereby constitute themselves an association to be known by the name of the Associate Alumni of Cornell University. II. The object of this association is declared to be to promote in every proper way the interest of the University, and to foster among the graduates a sentiment of regard for each other, aud attachment to their Alma Mater. III. All graduates of this University, who, by their diplomas, are entitled electors of the University, are members of this association. All members of the Faculty of this University are honorary members of this association. IV. The officers of this association shall consist (1) of a president; (2) vice-presidents to be elected as follows: one vice-president from the classes numbered from '69 to '74 inclusive, and one from each sueceeding group of five classes, provided that when the last group shall number three classes it shall thereafter be entitled to a vice-president; (3) a corresponding secretary ; (4) a recording secretary ; (5) a treasurV. This association shall meet annually on the day preceding Commencement, at ten o'clock in the forenoon., V I . Any proposition to alter or amend these articles of association must be made at a regular meeting and have the assent of two-thirds of the members present. By an amendment to the charter of the University, passed May 15, 1883, permitting members of the Alumni, not present in person, to . vote by written ballot at the annual election of Trustees, the Treasur- V ASSOCIATE ALUMNI. 231 er is required to keep " a registry of the signature and address of each alumnus." It is therefore important that each alumnus keep the Treasurer informed of his full address (in cities, street and number) and notify him immediately of any change The following ordinance was adopted by the Board of Trustees, October 24, 18S8 : All graduates of the first degree, ill any of the departments of Cornell University, and all persons who have been admitted to any degree higher than the first in said University shall be alumni of said University, and as such be entitled to vote for alumni trustees under and in pursuance of the provisions contained in Chapter 763 of the Laws of New York passed in 1S67. OFFICERS FOR 1890-91. President—J. C. Branner, K2. Vice-Presideuts—M. I,. Buchwalter, '69; H. T. Eddy, '70 ; E. L. Parker, '71 ; C. L. Crandall, '72 ; M. W. Van Auken, '73 ; W. N. Smith, '74; J. T. Newman, '75 ; A. A. Ailing, '83 ; M. A. Wardwell, »88. Corresponding Secretary—W. T. Hewett, '79. Recording Secretary—G. W. Harris, '73, Ithaca. Treasurer—H. M. Hibbard, '74, Ithaca. Executive Committee—J. C. Branner, \V. T. Hewett, G. \V. Harris, H. M. Hibbard, ex officio; W. R. Dudley, '74; W. A. Finch, 'So. Auditing Committee—D. F. Van Vleet, '77 ; A. B. Comstock, '85. O F F I C E R S OF L O C A L CENTRAL ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONS.* NEW YORK ASSOCIATION. President—Hamilton S. White, '77. Vice-President—S. F. Belknap, '73. Secretary—C. C. Chase, '83. Treasurer—W. K. Pierce. ITHACA ASSOCIATION. President—C. E. Van Cleef, '71. Vice-President—William R. Dudley, '74. Secretary—D. F. Van Vleet, '77. Treasurer—Wm. Hazlitt Smith, '73. Members of Executive Committee—Above named officers, ex officio ; G. W. Harris, ' 7 3 ; J. S. Waterman, '77. •As last reported 232 ASSOCIA TE AL UMNI. MICHIGAN ASSOCIATION. President—Chas. S. Cobb, '77, Eaton Rapids, Mich. Secretary—Delos D. Jayne, 'Si, Orchard Lake, Mich. MINNESOTA ASSOCIATION. President—John G. Moore, '73. Vice-President—II. W. Slack, '72. Secretary—K. B. Barnes, *8S, Minneapolis, Minn. Treasurer— E. II. Crooker, '84. Directors -\V. E. Lucas, ' 7 7 ; P. I. Wilson, '82; C. E. Carpenter, NEBRASKA ASSOCIATION. President—A. C. Wakeley, '79. Vict-Presidents—A. J. Cornish, *So; L. E. Puller, '77. Secretary—Prank Irvine, 'So, Omaha, Neb. Treasurer—C. L. Saunders, '.So. NEW ENGLAND ASSOCIATION. President—Mai v 1*. Roberts, '80. Vice-President—Howard P. Bellows, '75. Secretary—Joseph Ness, '78, 147 Summer Street, Boston, Mass. Executive Committee—Alia W. Foster, '77, and C. B. Wheelock, '76 NEW YORK ASSOCIATION. President—John D. Warner, '72. Vice-Presidents—G. P. Serviss, '72 ; John W. Boothby, '73 ; Asa A. Ailing, '83. Secretary—Chas. H. Johnson, '80, Temple Court, New York City. Treasurer—Otto M. Eidlitz, '81. Executive Committee—Dudley R. Horton, '75 ; President, Secretary, and Treasurer, cx officio ; Chas. D. Baker, '73; Merritt E. Haviland, '77 ; Frank A. Wright, '8o; Ira A. Place, '81 ; John T. Sackett, '86. NORTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA ASSOCIATION. President—H. M. Streeter, '82. Vice-Presidents—J. L. Stone, '74; T. J. McConnon, '72; M. Peters, '72. G. 233 ASSOCIA TE AL UMNI. Recording Secretary—R. H. Patterson, '83. Corresponding Secretary and Treasurer—P. I,. Brown, '82, Scran ton, Pa. Executive Committee—Myron Kasson, '71 ; 1?. I.. Brown, 'S2 ; R. B. Howland, '72. NO KTHW KSTK R N ASSOC I A T I o N. President—James O'Neill, '71. Vice-President—Winchester Fitch, Treasurer—J as. II. Peirce, 74. ,V»S. Secretary—Chas. E. Acker, 'SS, C h i c a g o , 111. Registrar—D. F. Flannery, *;6, Illinois Bank Building, Chicago, 111. PHM.APKt.rillA ASSOCIATION. President—Charles Barclay, '76. Vice-Presidents—A. J. Loos, ' 7 7 ; M. R. Couahlc, '76. Corresponding Secretary—J. I„. Knapp, \So. Recording Secretary—G. B. Davidson, ^4. Treasurer—J. M. Dodge, '72. Executive Committee—M. M. G a r v e r . ' j h ; E. M. H o w a r d , C. Russell, Jr., '8o; W. II. Smith. SOUTH W K S T K R N ASSOC I \TlON. 73; W, President—Leverett O. Boies, '73. Vice-Presidents—Frank W. Cooper, '74 ; G e o . City, Mo. Secretary—Ed. A. Wagetier, '76, Topeka, Kan. Treasurer—Wm. S. Elliott, '77. Registrar—Eugene L. Hopkins, Topeka, Kan. WASHINGTON ASSOCIATION. B. Richards, Kansas President—D. H. Decker, 'S4. Vice-Presidents—A. M. Farrington, ' 7 9 ; F. V. Coville, ' 8 7 ; J. McK . Borden, >78. S e c r e t a r y and Treasurer—Percy E . Clarke, ' 8 i , Room 249, U. S. Patent Office. Members of Executive Committee—Above named officers, ex officio. 234 ASSOCIA TE AL UMNI. WESTERN NEW YORK ASSOCIATION. President—C. C. Wood, '74. Vice-President—Eugene Cary, '78. S e c r e t a r y - A . C. Good, '85, 18 West Swan St., Buffalo. Treasurer—W. B. Hoyt, '8o. Executive Committee—James F. Gluck, '74; W. C. Ely, '78; S. A. Simons, '79; D. J. Matteson, '8o; H. H. Seymour, '71. Other associations have not reported their officers. ALUMNI BUREAU. The Alumni Association voted at its meeting in June, 1890, to establish in the University an Alumni Bureau, the object of which shall be to promote the interests of graduates of Cornell in securing professional and educational positions. In accordance with this resolution a permanent Bureau has been constituted where the names of graduates are registered with a record of the position desired and of the studies aud experience of those who wish situations. To render this organization in the highest degree efficient, it is desired that all interested should communicate as early in the year as possible to Professor Hewett. the Corresponding Secretary of the Alumni, information of vacancies which may occur in public positions which graduates are prepared to fill. Former students can thus render a constant service to the university, and to successive classes as they graduate. A list of such situations is kept and is available for consultation by all students. In accordance with the vote of the Alumni Association, the annual report of the Alumni Trustee, containing a review of the year and such matters affecting the University as interest the Alumni, is sent to all members whose annual dues have been paid. Remittances may be made to the order of the Corresponding Secretary. The last report, by Frank H. Hiscock, Esq., is now ready for distribution. The Corresponding Secretary is required to keep a list of the addresses of graduates, and it is requested that he may be notified of changes in the address of any member. INDEX Admission, conditions of, 148. to graduate study, 157. without examination, 154. Advanced standing, admission to, 156. Agricultural experiment station, 30. council, 18. Agriculture, 113. college of, 77. course in, 125, 15a. museum of, 59. special course in, 78. Alumni, associate, 230. Alumni Bureau, 254. Anatomical laboratory, 46. Anglo-Saxon, 61, 97. Arboriculture, 109. Archaeology, museum of, 40. Architecture, 79, 114. course in, t27, 153. museum of, 40. Arts, course in, 122, 1st. Assaying, 74. Astronomy, 67, 102* Athletics, 13, 56, Barnes Hall, 39. Bibliography, 102. Blowpipe analysis, 76. Botanical laboratory, 46. Botany, 75, 109. museum of, 40, Bridge engineering, 131. Buildings, 34. Calendar, 5. Cascadilla Place, 39. Certificates, admission on, 155. awarded, 223. teachers, 65. Chapel, Sage, 38. Chemical engineering, 87. Chemical laboratories, 46: Chemistry, 7*1 *<*7agricultural, 73. analytical, 73. applied, 74* course in, 128,152. Chemistry, engineering, 73. inorganic, 71. medical, 73. museum of, 40. organic, 72. sanitary, 73. theoretical, 72. Christian Association, 14. Civil engineering, 79, 115. course iu, 129, 153. laboratories, 48. museums of, 41. Classics, ancient;57. Commencement, twenty-second, 219. Conchology, museum of, 41. Councils, university, 18. Courses of study, 121. Degrees, 161. conferred in 1890, 219. Director)', 7Drawing, industrial, 85. Electrical engineering, 83. course in, 134, 153. laboratories of, 49Elocution, 62, 169. Engineering, bridge, 131. chemical, 87. geodetic, 132. hydraulic, 132. marine, 87, 134. mining, 87. railroad, 131. sanitary, 131. steam, 87, 135. (see also, civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering.) English Language and Literature, 61, Entomology, 76, 110. [96. laboratory of, 50. museum of, 42. Examinations, entrance, 146-154. Expenses, 159. Faculties, special, 32. Faculty, 19. Law, 165, 236 INDEX. « Farm, university, 55. Fellows, list of, 176. Fellowships, ii, 143, 174. Franklin Hall, 37. French, 60, 95. Gardens, university, 55. Geological laboratories, 50. Geology, 76, 112. Germanic languages, 59, 94. Graduate students, ) 1, 140. list of, 181. Graduate studies. S8, 157. Graduation, 160. r.reck. 57, 90. Gymnasium and Armory, 38. History ami political science, 65, 99. Haehclor of Philosophy in, 122. President White school of, 13s. !!<>! tictillii! c( 113. I In ^ieue and physical culture, 13, 120. Industrial art, 86. coursc in, 136. Instruction, courses of, 90. Italian, 60. 96. IjilKirutortes, 46. l*atin, 5S, 9a. Law, school «»f, 165. list of students iu school of, 214. Lecturcis, special, 26, S;, 168. Letters, course in, 123, 152. Library, President White, 54. university, Lincoln Hall, 35. Location. 34. McGraw Hall, 35. Mathematics, 67, 102. Mechanic arts, 84, 118. Mechanical engineering, 8i, 82, 11S. course in. 132, 153Mechanical laboratory, 50. Medical preparatory course, 137. 153. Mention, special, 121, 227. Metallurgy, 74, 107. Military science and tactics, 14, 1x9. Mineralogy, 112. Mining engineering, 87. Morrill Hall, 34. Museums, 39. Natural h story, 75. Bachelor of Science in, 124. Officers, list of, 19. Optional students, 10, 153. Oratory, 62, 169. Paleontology, ua. museum of, 44. Paymeuts to the university, 159. Pecuniary assistance, 11. Philology, comparative, 59, 90. Knglish, 61, 97. Philosophy, 64, 97. course in, 122, 152. school of, 174. Physical laboratory, 51. Physical training, 13. Physics, 70, 104. Physiology, 111. Political Kconomy, 66, 101. Preachers, university, 28. Prizes, 145, 170. awarded in 1890, 223. Railway machinery, 87, 135. Regents1 Diploma, 154. Registration, 158. Religious sei vices, 14. Rhetoric, 61. Romance languages, 6o, 95. Sage College for Women, 37. Scholarships, list of holders of, 177. state, 10, 141. uuiversity, 11, 141, 174Science, course in, 124, 152. Self-support, 12. Senate, university, 33. Shopwork, 84. Sibley College, 36, 81. graduate courses of, 86. museums of, 42. Societies, general student, 15. Spanish, 60, 96. Special students, 10, 155. list of, 212. State students, 10, 141. Students, catalogue of, 181. Summaries, 217. Summer School of Entomology, 110. Teaching, science and art of, 64, 99. Theses, 160, 224, 228. Trustees, 9, 16. Undergraduates, list of, 186. Veterinary Science, 114. museum of, 44. White Hall, 34. Women, higher education of, 12. Zoology, invertebrate, 76, no. museum of, 45. vertebrate, 77, i n . Special Notice j^T the meeting of the Trustees of the University, held June 19, 1889, the following resolution w«* adopted : Resolved, That during and after the university year 1S90-91, the annual tuition fees for student* in the University be fixe! at $125; J50 to be paid at the beginning of the firM term . £40 at the beginning of the sccond term; and ning of the third term s at the begin This resolution, after the date given, will apply to all th»*c Mudctiu is the Univenity who are required to pay for tuition To *tudeut* in and the College of Agriculture, student* holding S u t r Scholar«h:|» such graduate students as are accepted by the Faculty a* candidates for higher degrees, tuition will be fire »* heretofore